Answer: SCALESCARE | |
Answer: ___ 123_____________ |
|
Task 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the text read. This task is completed on answer sheet No. 2.
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Part 1
1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Real discoveries in historical linguistics Concerning the past of the language, are possible when it is possible to combine a painstaking search for facts and courage of thinking.
2) Quite often, judgments about the past of a language make it possible to reconstruct the whole world, long lost in the past.
3) Only a painstaking search for facts and the courage of thinking of linguists make it possible to make real discoveries in the field of the past language.
4) Only courage of thinking allows linguists to restore bit by bit knowledge about the past of language and make real discoveries in historical linguistics.
5) Judgments about the past of a language that are speculative in nature can be confirmed if historical facts are painstakingly and purposefully collected.
2 Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the blank inthird (3) sentencetext? Write down this word (combination of words).
But
For example,
Nevertheless
Exactly
Because
Answer : _________________________
3 Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LANGUAGE. Determine the meaning in which this word is usedin the first (1) sentence texta. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. LANGUAGE, -a, plural. -i, -ov, m.
1) units A set of means of expression in verbal creativity, based on the national sound, vocabulary and grammatical system.Ya. Pushkin. Ya writers. Ya fiction.
2) The historically established system of sound vocabulary and grammatical means, which is a tool for communication, exchange of thoughts and mutual understanding of people in society.I am the great Russian. Slavic languages. Literary me.
3) units Speech, the ability to speak.Lose your tongue. The patient lies without tongue and without movement.
4) transfer A prisoner captured to obtain the necessary information (colloquial).Take, bring language.
5) A system of signs (sounds, signals) that convey information.Ya animals. Ya gestures.
Answer : _________________________
4 In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
bleeding
GIVING
handrails
sealed
you can't
Answer : _________________________
5 In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct lexical error, choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
One of the speakers was Alexander Andreevich Kolli, professor of ORGANIC chemistry.
People asked the controllers how to FILL OUT the form correctly.
Styopka developed a particularly TRUSTING relationship with his great-grandfather.
After hesitating, the commander said nothing about the REAL motives for his stubbornness.
Of course, it is important for Boris Sergeevich to know that an EXPERIENCED owner of the estate appeared here.
Answer : _________________________
6 In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
kilogram of MANDARINS
THREE HUNDRED residents
WET through and through
foreign PASSPORTS
LIE on your side
Answer : _________________________
7 Match the grammatical errors and sentences in which they are admitted: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A. violation of the connection between subject and predicate B. violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application B. error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members G. incorrect construction sentences with indirect speech D. violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial phrase | OFFERS
|
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer : | |||||
8Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
coating
that is, theoretically
float..wok
extended
l..gendarny
Answer : _________________________
9 Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..increase, pr..sea
on..write, about..thundered (fights)
in..give, nor..reject
down..down, in..southern
play..play, inter..institutional
Answer : _________________________
10 Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
holy fool...
accumulate
endured...in
pushed...nka
paying extra
Answer : _________________________
11Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
headed...my
shoot...sh
rusty...lo
sealed
visited
Answer : _________________________
12 Determine the sentence in which NOT with the word it is written FULL . Open the brackets and write down this word.
A (NOT)SUFFERING soul will never be able to comprehend happiness.
Sofya Pavlovna is (NOT) AS guilty of what happened to us as it seems.
Choose a friend (NOT) IN A HURRY, and even less in a hurry to exchange him.
The fungus is (NOT) HIGH, but strong.
It’s already the end of September, and the fields are still (NOT) mown, the grain is starting to fall from the ears.
Answer : _________________________
13 Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are written FULL . Open the brackets and write down these two words.
Ivan rarely appeared in the district center, (FOR) THEN he went to the city at every opportunity and (B) disappeared there for several hours, forgetting about his service.
(BY) WHY I recognized her: whether by her look, by the outline of her hands - I don’t know, but I recognized her, and (BY) THIS my heart began to beat wildly.
Timidly and hoping that SOMEONE would want to receive uninvited guests, we knocked on the door, but the hosts received us (IN) THEIR FIRST WAY.
SO), younger son He loved books just like everyone else in our family.
The experiment was carried out successfully, FOR THE first time, SO everyone was very pleased.
Answer : _________________________
14 Indicate all the numbers in whose place it is written NN.
Well-kept (1) furnished with (2) old (3) furniture, the apartment resembled a manor’s house, with once and for all established (4) routines and customs, in which every thing has its place, and time has its own business.
Answer : _________________________
15 Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The forest rustled, sometimes soothingly and melodiously, sometimes impetuously and alarmingly.
2) In the 12th century, painters painted pictures with paints or ink on silk or paper scrolls.
3) Suddenly the door on the block squealed and the floor shook from someone’s steps.
4) Neither on the water, nor on the ground, nor in the air, a real tourist does not feel confused.
5) Wild berries are best picked in the morning or evening, and every good berry picker should know this.
Answer : _________________________
16 Place all punctuation marks:
Climbing (1) onto his father’s wide bed (2) and (3) burying his (4) chin in his father’s shoulder (5), Vanyatka (6), excited (7) by the events of the evening (8), could not fall asleep for a long time.
Answer : _________________________
17 Place punctuation marks:indicate the numbers where commas should appear in the sentence.
All my life I have loved and love brainwork both physical and (1) perhaps (2) even more than the second. And (3) especially (4) felt satisfied when he made some good guess into the latter, that is, he connected his head with his hands.
Answer : _________________________
18 Place punctuation marks:indicate the numbers where commas should appear in the sentence.
And everything (1) that is seen (2) and heard (3) that lives (4) and that blooms calls you to itself.
Answer : _________________________
19 Place punctuation marks:indicate the numbers where commas should appear in the sentence.
It turned out (1) that the manuscript has not yet been completely edited (2) and that (3) it will not yet be carried out extra work(4) you cannot submit it to the printing house.
Answer : _________________________
(1) When I entered the new empty apartment, the only one who greeted me was the old snow-covered poplar outside the window, it remained from the village estate that was in this place, and now, looking into the second floor, it seemed to say to me: “Hello “- and from its beautiful white branches light poured into the room, pure, immaculate, incorruptible. (2) Then spring came, and one morning, after a warm night rain, something green, smoky, indefinite looked in the window.
(3) Every spring the same thing is repeated, and each time it is like a miracle, a miracle of renewal, and you cannot get used to it. (4) I stood and looked for a long time and couldn’t get enough of it. (5) Now it was as if someone alive had settled outside the window, made noise and suddenly fell silent, and when it was windy, quietly and meekly knocked on the window.
(6) He lived with all his leaves, thousands of thousands of leaves, exposing them to the sun, moon, wind, rain. (7) He enjoyed life to the fullest, every minute, every second of his existence. (8) And I, reflecting on my life, would like to learn from him this constant joy in freedom under the sky.
(9) Birds flew to its branches, they whistled, sang their short city songs, maybe the poplar told them about me, and they looked out the window and grinned.
(10) What a long, wonderful summer it was in that first year of life in a new room, with a living poplar tree right next to the window, what endless sunsets, and bright nights, and light dreams! (11) Only sometimes did I suddenly dream that for some reason I had lost my new room and was again living in the old, dark and smoky one, with a bare electric light bulb on a long cord. (12) But I woke up, and the poplar looked into the room with clean, fresh walls, and the predawn green noise merged with the feeling of a happy awakening. (13) Then autumn came, the leaves turned yellow, and the room became quiet and sad.
(14) Autumn showers and storms began, at night the poplar creaked, groaned, and beat its branches against the wall, as if asking for protection from the weather. (15) Leaves gradually flew away from its upper branches, and then from the lower ones. (16) Leaves flowed in streams, covering the balcony, and some stuck to the glass and looked into the room with horror, expecting something.
(17) And now not a single leaf was left on the poplar; it stood naked, black, as if burnt, and against the background blue sky Every black twig, every vein was visible, it was solemnly quiet and sad in nature, the unheated sun was shining like summer. (18) And, as always, I remembered my childhood and thought: who are you? (19) What is the meaning of life? (20) Then it was spring again, and everything was all over again, and life seemed endless.
(21) But one morning I heard a sound under the window, as if my poplar was squealing. (22) I rushed to the window. (23) Below there were scrapers and road rollers, which were breaking through a new street, and a worker was cutting down a poplar tree standing in the middle of the road with an electric saw.
(24) And from above I saw how a trembling passed through his entire green body, he staggered, thought for a moment and collapsed onto a new street, blocking its entire width with rustling green landslide foliage.
(25) And the red-brick, boring, bare wall of the house on the other side of the street appeared to me, and since then I have seen only it and a piece of the sky.
(26) I often remember my poplar. (27) And it still seems that it has not disappeared from the earth, but is growing somewhere in the forest, in a clearing, rustling with all its leaves.
(According to B. Yampolsky*)
* Boris Samoilovich Yampolsky (1912-1972), Russian writer.
20 Which of the statementsdo not correspondcontent of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Moving into a new empty apartment, the narrator saw an old poplar tree in the window.
2) Looking at the poplar, the hero recalled his childhood and looked for answers to the questions: who are you? What is a sense of life?
3) The poplar still grows next to the narrator’s house.
4) Every spring, leaves bloomed on the poplar. And the narrator calls this process a miracle of renewal.
5) The hero does not regret at all that the old poplar was cut down, because it could have fallen and damaged the house or injured a person.
21 Which of the following statements is wrong? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Sentences 1-2 contain a narrative element.
2) Sentence 17 provides a description.
3) Sentences 21-22 contain a narrative.
4) Proposition 12 presents the reasoning.
5) Sentence 2 contains reasoning.
Answer: ___________________________
22 From sentence 15, write down antonyms
Answer: ___________________________
23 Among sentences 14-17, find one that is related to the previous one usingpossessive pronoun and word forms. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: ___________________________
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20-23. This excerpt discusses language features text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and others additional characters . Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form. |
24 “Remembering the poplar that once grew under the window, B. Yampolsky uses such paths as(A) ___________ (“lived by thousands of thousands of leaves” in sentence 6),(B) ______________ (“the poplar told them about me” in sentence 9). Such a technique as(IN) _________________ (in sentence 27), conveys the author’s feelings. And a trope like(G) _____________________(For example, " beautiful branches" in sentence 1), enhances the imagery of the text."
List of terms
1) rows homogeneous members
2) personification
3) comparative turnover
4) hyperbole
5) parcellation
6) opposition
7) dialectism
State one of the problems set by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Justify your opinion based primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not based on this text), Not Evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite original text without any comments, such work is assessed 0 points.
WET
A B C D E
4 2 3 8 7
FLOAT
REPRIMATEDEPRESS
HAVING ENDURED
YOU WILL SHOOT
LOW
WHYWHERE
1234
UPPER-LOWER
or UPPERBOTTOM
or UPPER-LOWER
4269
Text information
Main problems | |
The problem of loneliness. (What helps a person cope with the feeling of loneliness?) | Nature helps a person get rid of the feeling of loneliness and feel the joy of life. |
2. The problem of man's relationship to nature. (How is the poplar outside the window perceived by the hero of the story? Why did the poplar outside the window become “his poplar” for the hero?) | 2. In the city, where a person can more acutely feel his isolation from nature, trees near the house are often perceived as part of the living natural world, understanding and sympathizing with a person, instilling in him the joy of life. |
3. The problem of the relationship between man and nature c. (How is the life of a city person related to the life of nature?) | 3. A person living in a city feels especially keenly his connection with nature, the beauty of which helps to perceive the world around him more clearly. |
4. The problem of nature conservation. (Why does the death of a tree cause deep emotions in a person’s soul?) | 4. It is very important to preserve the natural urban landscape, since in the human soul there is always a feeling of deep connection with surrounding nature, the beauty of which gives rise to a thirst for life, a sense of beauty, a desire to preserve beauty. |
Handbook for preparing for the Unified State Exam
Reference information for all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know, don’t remember, don’t understand something, come here. Simple, accessible, many examples.
Collection of training test tasks: 1 - 24
Practice tests with answers to all tasks
"Unified State Examination Navigator"
Interactive preparation course for the Unified State Exam in Russian. 26 sections. Individual achievement statistics. Options are formed for each individual upon new visits. Fully complies with the new Unified State Exam format.
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"Unified State Exam Answerer"
Who is interested? training options Unified State Exam in Russian with answers and comments? Our New episode"Unified State Exam Answer" is for you.
Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)
It’s easier to learn how to write essays based on the source text if you know exactly what they are Unified State Exam requirements for task 26 in the Russian language. Analysis of graduates' work shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.
Final winter essay
All about the graduation essay. Concept. School inspection criteria. Assessment criteria in universities. Samples of work.
Workshop on orthoepy
Nouns from the FIPI list. How to remember them? Intensive interactive training will help
Helpful information
The word Unified State Examination has a fascinating effect on people. Most people, long before the exam, begin to treat it as a fatal milestone: terrible and inevitable. It seems that the will and mind of people are paralyzed... Clear images of a conveyor belt, a meat grinder or a current emerge, carrying the unfortunate people to an unknown destination... What is the consequence of such an attitude towards the upcoming test? Passivity, indifference or, on the contrary, feverish activity, meaningless vanity, unnecessary nervous tension. Get reliable information about the upcoming exam.
Useless information
Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. A section for those who want to relax a little
Self-defense. If an appeal is needed
It is better not to prepare yourself for an appeal in advance. There is such a pattern in life: people often attract situations about which they think too much. The situation of filing an appeal is not the most pleasant. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is inevitable, then it is better to know how to file it.
Therefore, I think it is important to talk about this topic.
Options for the Unified State Exam in Russian
To easily prepare for exams and correctly complete the exam work for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, we included in the “Options” section:
- In Russian.
- and how task 27 will be tested - essay.
- Full list topics that will appear in this year’s Unified State Examination are indicated in the assignments.
- A collection of 10 online practice tests with answers and solutions and the ability to download in PDF format.
Unified State Examination tests in the Russian language 2019 consist of two parts:
- Part 1 contains 26 short answer tasks. The answer to tasks is given in the form of a number or word, written without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
- Part 2 contains 1 task open type with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.
Converting points to grades:
- “Two” - from 0 to 35 points;
- "Troika" - 36-57;
- "Four" - 58-71;
- “Excellent” - 72 and above.
Minimum the number of points for admission to the university is 36.
Maximum primary score – 58.
Duration exam – 210 minutes (3.5 hours).
Maximum quantity points for essay– 24. The number of points given for each criterion is disclosed in detail.
- Solve Unified State Exam tests in the Russian language online - this will help you navigate the tasks, monitor and eliminate gaps in knowledge. Theoretical material and practical problems were selected by the teachers.
- Download demo version for 2019, will be useful in preparing for the exam.
- Solve 1-3 options every week.
Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)
Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)
Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)
Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)
Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis assignments with specialists
The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the mandatory exams final exams items. Unified State Examination results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each field of study (specialty). Today we will look in detail at one of the options for the exam task.New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:
Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.
3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.
Minimum number of points in Russian language:
- to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
- for admission to a university - 36 points.
Structure of the examination paper:
Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.
Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. IN exam paper The following types of short-answer tasks are offered:
- open-type tasks to record a self-formulated correct answer;
- selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.
Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.
Our experts:Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.
Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, teacher highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of Labor, Competition Winner the best teachers Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority national project"Education". Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.
Part 1
Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.
(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that rapid social changes on the continent associated with cycles solar activity , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that what's on Earth large quantities “passionaries” are born - people increased activity , promoting social change and guiding historical movement peoples
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.
2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and strengthening ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.
3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.
4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.
5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.
Answer: 3 5
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Highlight in each sentence keywords, important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.
2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.
3. Shorten the text by crossing out unimportant information ( various kinds explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).
4. Convey in one sentence main information, which is contained in the text.
5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.
Try to retell the text concisely:
Let's compare the retelling with the options:
- in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
- in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
- in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
- in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
- in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.
Correct answer options - 3 5
2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,
Answer: 5
Algorithm for completing the task:
To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:
1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.
2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:
Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );
Is not introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, it is impossible to choose the place of omission according to the meaning MEANWHILE );
Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );
Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );
3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.
1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.
2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.
3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.
4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.
Answer: 3.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the assignment carefully.
2. Find the given sentence.
3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.
4. Determine whether the proposal was lost or not lost during the study linguistic experiment its semantic integrity:
If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;
If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.
Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.
R. idea. R. argumentation.
4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.
Boyhood
bleeding
vulgarize
Answer: vulgarize
Algorithm for completing the task:
It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.
1. In past tense verbs female The accent usually falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, poured, burst in, took, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, started, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.
Note:
The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;
For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.
5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.
Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.
“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.
Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.
I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.
Answer: secretive.
Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.
Members of paronymic pairs
They have different lexical meanings;
Combined with different words.
|
ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. |
ACCUSATIVE- containing an accusation. |
|
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to plant or animal world relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, radical. 4. (trans.) Intrinsic to someone. |
ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone or something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; whole, inseparable. |
|
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Secretive: a person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~s people; ~ character. |
HIDDEN. Secret, not clearly visible. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: meaning, hint; ~ enmity, irony, pain; ~ excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~ opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy. |
|
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting of recording dictated text. |
DICTATE- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong point and imposed for unconditional execution on the other, weaker side. |
|
ORIGINAL- initial. |
OUTGOING- document flow term. |
The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
WILL ERASE from the board
sing ZVONCHE
V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters
two pairs SOCKS
Not DROPING not a word
Answer: having spoken
Algorithm for completing the task:
For execution of this assignment you need a good knowledge of theory.
1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive cases plural nouns (For most nouns male, in the initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the shape of genitive case plural: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).
2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( Numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).
3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
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comparative adjective |
Superlative adjective |
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Suffixes: -EE, -E, -SHE STRONG HER LOUD E JUNIOR E |
MORE
MORE PERSISTENT LESS DIFFICULT |
Suffixes: -AYSH-, -EYSH- DEEP AISH II NICE N EIS II |
MOST MOST LEAST MOST KIND MOST DANGEROUS |
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Comparative adverb degree |
Superlative adverb |
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Suffixes -EE, -E, -SHE ACCURATE HER VYSH E THINSH E |
MORE AND LESS MORE EXACTLY MORE HIGH MORE THIN |
Pronoun ALL + simple form comparative degree MORE PRECISELY ALL HIGHER ALL THINner ALL |
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The comparative degrees of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in syntactic functions in a sentence: comparative the adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a modifier and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.
There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from the verb perfect form. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.
We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.
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7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
A) misuse case form of the noun
with a pretext
B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members
OFFERS
1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.
2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.
3) In Nekrasov’s poem “ Railway"presents a picture of people's life.
4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.
5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.
6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.
7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.
8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.
9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.
B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.
A sentence that is grammatically incorrect is one in which the action expressed by a predicate verb, and action, expressed by a gerund are committed by different persons.
AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.
In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject WHO, the verb-predicate is placed in singular, and with subjects TE (ALL), predicate verbs are used in the plural.
D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.
When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.
D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.
The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) lies in the fact that different syntactic constructions are included in the series of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
Noteworthy
near..native (station)
hug..mother
Sat..regulate
analog..gical
Answer: hug
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be vocabulary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.
If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer
2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.
Things to remember:
1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word
(V unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under the stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - to notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).
2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)
pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather
not..bending, ..give
about..chalk, between..grove
under..yachy, over..eat
Answer: unbending, surrender
For correct execution assignments you need to know the following spelling rules:
Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)
Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;
Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PR- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in this word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on lexical meaning words. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in in this case- “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);
Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .
But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.
Excl.: charge);
Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).
The prefix is missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.
10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
nomadic
suede
outshine
thoughtful...
Answer: Thoughtful
This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.
Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.
Reasoning algorithm:
1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.
2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then indefinite form set the verb conjugation:
vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;
vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .
3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:
· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .
· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.
4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:
· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;
· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.
5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And NN depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:
· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before NN in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;
· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before NN only written e ;
before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.
Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,
Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .
11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.
hopeful
(they) are offended...
(patients) recovered..t
sealed
(they) visit..t
Answer: They will be offended
It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:
Conjugation of verbs
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II conjugation |
I conjugation |
Heterogeneous conjugates |
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1) All verbs end in –it, except shave And lay . 2) and 11 more verbs: Drive, hold, breathe, offend. Hear, see, hate. And depend and endure. And also look, twirl . You will remember, friends, them on -E- cannot be conjugated. |
1) all other verbs, except for differently conjugated ones; 2) plus verbs shave And lay |
want, run, honor |
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.
Open the brackets and write down this word.
We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.
My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.
It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.
The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.
She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.
Answer: They were malnourished, because.:
UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).
Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs
1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),
2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),
3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).
The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.
It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT With in different parts speeches can be grouped in the following way:
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Apart |
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If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fable |
If there is a contrast with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie |
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If you can replace it with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow |
If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all beautiful |
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There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one |
With verbs and gerunds: didn’t know, not knowing |
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With attachments not + until not fully done |
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WITH short participles: not_closed |
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Pronouns HAVE a preposition No one, no one |
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Exceptions: not in moderation, not as an example, not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - more than once (often). |
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13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
Examining evidence (BECAUSE OF preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.
Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.
(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .
(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.
The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.
Answer: Superpersonal, to
Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because
The first part of a compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;
Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.
Reasoning algorithm:
1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.
2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.
Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.
Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.
Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .
Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .
For merged, hyphenated or separate writing adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.
Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)
Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to
Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),
Climb to the top of the mountain.
Participles with negation
Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.
14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.
The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.
Answer: 1,3,4.
The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN
1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with NN
2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N
Reasoning algorithm:
1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;
2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.
Noun: NN
1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberries)
2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)
3. Remember: homeless woman
1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)
2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker
3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr
Adjective:
1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket
2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless
3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN
Yunnats (young naturalists)
4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)
5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .
The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full
foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl
Participles:
N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES
1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)
But: wholemeal flour
1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour
2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve
3. No ¬: sifted flour
4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles
Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)
5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:
Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.
The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless
Exception: wounded, windy
6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.
7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.
Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, deliberate, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.
8. The spelling does not change in the composition difficult words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. ( high degree quality), and not the meaning of “adj. + participle."
9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled
SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED
Short adjective
The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced full adjective: educated.
Short Communion
The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.
Exist. ? cr. ???
The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.
15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.
2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal cliffs.
3) In an excerpt from “ Antonov apples“Bunin one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.
4) Constant movement striving for other limits is the essence creative life and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.
5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.
Answer:2,3
2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.
3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" A punctuation mark is placed between parts of a sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).
Reasoning algorithm:
1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.
2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:
· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;
· if this double union (both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;
· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;
· before adversarial conjunctions between homogeneous members there is always a comma.
3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.
16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.
Answer: a) 1,2- participial, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)
Reasoning algorithm:
Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;
The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?
*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;
*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;
*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.
Reasoning algorithm:
1) Find the participles and participial phrases, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.
2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( BEFORE- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted
3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.
Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.
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Participial |
Participial turnover. |
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Stands out participial phrase meaning reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset about his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of reason). |
Do not stand out single gerunds, standing after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the manner of action, as well as those close in function to adverbs: He walked with a limp. Reading lying down is harmful. |
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Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participial phrases connected by a single connective or separation union: The selflessness of Pletnev, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin’s phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and without saying a word. |
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Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING WITH, BASED ON(they can be omitted without compromising the meaning): We begin work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not highlighted: They listened to his story WITH BEATHING BREATH. |
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17. Place all missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.
Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)
Notice my past life.
I want to be a bright boy
Or a flower from a meadow border.
I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore
Hugging a nearby bush.
Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)
My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.
(S. Yesenin)
Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal
8.9 is an appeal
Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea syntactic construction. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.
Reasoning algorithm:
1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.
· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.
· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.
Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose , certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.
18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
Chekhov seemed unable to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.
Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated
Reasoning algorithm:
1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.
3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.
Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore comma before union word not installed. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”
4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts complex sentence- comma, homogeneous members of the sentence - no comma.
19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.
Answer: put commas
3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins
5-between parts of a complex sentence
6-end of subordinate clause
Reasoning algorithm:
1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.
3. See how these parts are connected to each other.
4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:
· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;
· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.
5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:
· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but
· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT
Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.
(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.
(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."
(10) Judah took out right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.
(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”
(15) He took out left hand and sadly passed it over his face.
(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages. (19) The torchbearers step out importantly with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms dangle from the horses: they are burying an important person, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!
- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?
- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.
- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”
- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?
- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."
(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.
(according to A.P. Chekhov*)
*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.
2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.
3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.
4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.
5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.
To complete the task, use the following algorithm:
· Read the text carefully
Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement
· Choose the correct answers
Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.
The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)
Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.
In the fifth version only part of the answer is contained correct information(the old lady was poor), but she didn’t need money for a funeral
So answer number 5 too incorrect.
Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.
Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.
Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3
21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.
1) Sentence 2 contains a description.
2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.
3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated
in sentences 21–22.
4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning
5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.
Algorithm for completing the task:
Read the suggested fragments carefully;
Remember that the description shows, describes.
Varieties of description:
1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)
2) description of the place
3) description of the state of the environment
4) description of the state of the person (person)
5) description of actions
The narrative tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).
Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.
Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.
Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to
Let's try to apply this algorithm.
1) Sentence 2 contains a description.
“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”
The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.
So this one the answer is correct
2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.
(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”
This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. He has introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.
3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.
(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.
4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.
(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...
This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.
5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.
(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.
A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.
Therefore, the correct answer is: 134
22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Remember what antonyms are.
Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.
Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the words “wave” and “stone,” “poetry” and “prose,” “ice” and “fire” are antonyms.
3. Define the specified lexical item
4. Choose the correct answer
(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."
These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.
Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people
23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).
Reasoning algorithm:
Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)
1. Find coordinating conjunction
2. Remember the categories of pronouns
3. Find a personal pronoun
4. See which sentence contains both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also
Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same
Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that
Personal pronouns (initial form)
|
Unit h./pl. h. |
|
|
he, she, it/they |
|
He she it |
||||||
|
His, her, his |
||||||
|
Him, her, him |
||||||
|
His, her, his |
||||||
|
To them, to them, to them |
||||||
|
About him, about her, about him |
Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?
For the initial form and question:
saw (who?) her, him, them .
Initial form: she, he, it, they.
Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.
Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).
Initial form: her, him, them books.
Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.
Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.
(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?
24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.
Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments- his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, competent selection figurative and expressive funds. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”
List of terms
1) phraseological units
2) antithesis
3) epithets
4) colloquial vocabulary
8) hyperbole
9) synecdoche
Reasoning algorithm:
Let's divide all terms into 3 groups
There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.
Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.
Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.
Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group
Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.
Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.
« Evil clouds», « gloomy street" is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.
Therefore this epithet.
In the second task we're talking about about lexical means.
We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.
The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - stable combination words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.
Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).
Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group
- The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.
Therefore, the answer is: No. 4
In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.
- Let's remember syntactic means expressiveness, and look at what is in the list of terms:
antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.
- The list of terms includes:
Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.
Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.
Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.
Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.
Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.
(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?
These are interrogative sentences.
Therefore, answer #6
I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.
1) phraseological units
2) antithesis
3) epithets
4) colloquial vocabulary
5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence
6) interrogative sentences
7) lexical repetition
8) hyperbole
9) synecdoche
(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.
The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.
Therefore, answer "No. 2"
Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
State one of the problems delivered author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any
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