Requirements for the exam in literature. From ancient Russian literature

Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary to successfully pass the final exam in literature. This guide for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI, so that we can narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely be useful at hour X. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed to conduct a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the skill of analysis that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what he has read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the Unified State Exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that are taken at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made it onto the list. Therefore, the preparation stage dedicated to “re-reading” will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature has been completed quite recently and has not yet had time to be forgotten. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-study.

It is worth noting that the books chosen for the exam are not the most difficult ones. For example, the universally disliked Doctor Zhivago is found in variants extremely rarely, since its study in the codifier of works is called “review”, that is, there will not be a full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov’s prose, a student may prefer either “The Master and Margarita” or “The White Guard”. You don't have to read both novels, just choose the simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the Unified State Exam in Literature is very useful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Code	Content elements tested by KIM Unified State Exam tasks
1	Information on the theory and history of literature
1.1	Fiction as the art of words.
1.2	Folklore. Genres of folklore.
1.3	Artistic image. Artistic time and space.
1.4	Content and form. Poetics.
1.5	The author's intention and its implementation. Artistic fiction. Fantastic.
1.6	Historical and literary process. Lit. directions and movements: classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism (symbolism, acmeism, futurism), postmodernism.
1.7	Literary genres: epic, lyric poetry, lyric epic, drama. Literary genres: novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, message, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama.
1.8	Author's position. Subject. Idea. Issues. Plot. Composition. Epigraph. Antithesis. Stages of action development: exposition, plot, climax, denouement, epilogue. Lyrical digression. Conflict. Author-narrator. Author's image. Character. Interior. Character. Type. Lyrical hero. System of images. Portrait. Scenery. Speaking surname. Remark. “Eternal themes” and “eternal images” in literature. Pathos. Fable. Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue; inner speech. Tale
1.9	Detail. Symbol. Subtext.
1.10	Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism.
1.11	Tragic and comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque.
1.12	The language of a work of art. Rhetorical question, exclamation. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Fine and expressive means in a work of art: comparison, epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola. Allegory. Oxymoron. Sound design: alliteration, assonance.
1.13	Style.
1.14	Prose and poetry. Versification systems. Poetic meters: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrachium, anapest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza. Dolnik. Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre.
1.15	Literary criticism.
2	From ancient Russian literature
2.1	"The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
3	From literature of the 18th century.
3.1	DI. Fonvizin. The play "The Minor".
3.2	G.R. Derzhavin. Poem "Monument".
4	From the literature of the first half of the 19th century.
4.1	V.A. Zhukovsky. Poem "Sea".
4.2	V.A. Zhukovsky. Ballad "Svetlana".
4.3	A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit".
4.4	A.S. Pushkin. Poems: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” ( “I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson attire...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved: love still, perhaps...", "Winter morning", "Demons", "Conversation of a bookseller with a poet", "Cloud", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...", "The daylight has gone out...", "Desert sower of freedom ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler grumbled at God ...”), “Elegy”, (“The fading fun of crazy years ...”), “... I visited again...”.
4.5	A.S. Pushkin. Novel "The Captain's Daughter".
4.6	A.S. Pushkin. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
4.7	A.S. Pushkin. Novel "Eugene Onegin".
4.8	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…".
4.9	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov."
4.10	M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri".
4.11	M.Yu. Lermontov. Novel "Hero of Our Time".
4.12	N.V. Gogol. The play "The Inspector General".
4.13	N.V. Gogol. The story "The Overcoat".
4.14	N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls".
5	From the literature of the second half of the 19th century.
5.1	A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "The Thunderstorm".
5.2	I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".
5.3	F.I. Tyutchev. Poems: “Noon”, “There is melodiousness in the sea waves...”, “The kite rose from the clearing...”, “There is in the original autumn...”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature...”, “With the mind Russia cannot be understood...", "Oh, how murderously we love...", "We are not given the power to predict...", "K. B." (“I met you – and all the past…”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more true it is...”
5.4	A.A. Fet. Poems: “The dawn bids farewell to the earth...”, “With one push to drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
5.5	I.A. Goncharov. Novel "Oblomov".
5.6	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poems: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...”
5.7	ON THE. Nekrasov. Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5.8	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Minnow”.
5.9	M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Novel “The History of a City” (review study).
5.10	L.N. Tolstoy. Novel "War and Peace".
5.11	F.M. Dostoevsky. Novel "Crime and Punishment".
5.12	N.S. Leskov. One piece (of the examinee’s choice).
6	From the literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries.
6.1	A.P. Chekhov. Stories: “Student”, “Ionych”, “Man in a Case”, “Lady with a Dog”, “Death of an Official”, “Chameleon”.
6.2	A.P. Chekhov. Play "The Cherry Orchard".
7	From the literature of the first half of the 20th century.
7.1	I.A. Bunin. Stories: “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Clean Monday”.
7.2	M. Gorky. The story "Old Woman Izergil".
7.3	M. Gorky. The play "At the Bottom".
7.4	A.A. Block. Poems: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad...” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”), “On the Railway”, “I Enter Dark Temples...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About Valor, About Deeds, About Glory...” , “Oh, I want to live crazy…”.
7.5	A.A. Block. Poem "Twelve".
7.6	V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Sat over”, “Here!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”.
7.7	V.V. Mayakovsky. Poem "Cloud in Pants."
7.8	S.A. Yesenin. Poems: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...”, “A low house with blue shutters...”.
7.9	M.I. Tsvetaeva. Poems: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow").
7.10	O.E. Mandelstam. Poems: “Notre Dame”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears...".
7.11	A.A. Akhmatova. Poems: “Song of the Last Meeting”, “I clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I have no need for odic hosts...”, “I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", "Native Land", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are days like this...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about St. Petersburg ", "Courage".
7.12	A.A. Akhmatova. Poem "Requiem".
7.13	M.A. Sholokhov. Novel "Quiet Don".
7.14	M.A. Sholokhov. The story “The Fate of Man.”
7.15A	M.A. Bulgakov. The novel “The White Guard” (choice allowed).
7.15B	M.A. Bulgakov. The novel “The Master and Margarita” (choice allowed).
7.16	A.T. Tvardovsky. Poems: “The whole essence is in one single covenant...”, “In memory of the mother” (“In the land where they were taken in droves...”), “I know, it’s not my fault...”.
7.17	A.T. Tvardovsky. The poem “Vasily Terkin” (chapters “Crossing”, “Two Soldiers”, “Duel”, “Death and the Warrior”).
7.18	B.L. Parsnip. Poems: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
7.19	B.L. Parsnip. The novel “Doctor Zhivago” (review study with analysis of fragments).
7.20	A.P. Platonov. One piece (of the examinee’s choice).
7.21	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matrenin's yard".
7.22	A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.”
8	From the literature of the second half of the twentieth century.
8.1	Prose of the second half of the 20th century. F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratyev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works of at least three authors of your choice).
8.2	Poetry of the second half of the 20th century. B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems by at least three authors of your choice).
8.3	Drama of the second half of the twentieth century. A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin (work of one author's choice).

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many poems, which also makes the preparation process easier. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, systematic reading of them guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where you need to select similar works by analogy and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write down your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: “Sea”, Ballad “Svetlana”
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K***” (“I remember a wonderful moment...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson attire...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps...", "Winter Morning", "Demons", "Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", "Cloud", "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...", "The daylight has gone out...", "Desert Sower of Freedom ...”, “Imitations of the Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler grumbled at God ...”), “Elegy”, (“The fading fun of crazy years ...”), “... I visited again...”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under a mysterious, cold half-mask...”, “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing one worries Niva...", "Duma", "Poet" ("My dagger shines with a golden finish..."), "Three Palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment of life..."), "Both boring and sad", "No, It’s not you that I love so passionately...", "Motherland", "Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan..."), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road…". Poem "Song about... merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony...”, “Railroad”, “On the Road”, “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”, “You and I are stupid people...”, “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let changing fashion tell us…”), “O Muse! I’m at the door of the coffin...” Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth...”, “With one push, drive away a living boat...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “This morning, this joy...”, “Whisper, timid breathing ...", "The night was shining. The garden was full of moonlight. They were lying...", "It was still a May night."
6. A.A. Block: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lantern, pharmacy...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad...” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”), “On the Railway”, “I Enter Dark Temples...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About Valor, About Deeds, About Glory...” , “Oh, I want to live crazy…”. Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Getting to sit up”, “Here!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Giveaway sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Go you, Rus', my dear!..”, “Don’t wander, don’t crush in the crimson bushes...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, “Letter to the mother,” “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain...", "You are my Shagane, Shagane...", "I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry...", "Soviet Rus'", "The road was thinking about the red evening...", "The hewn horns began to sing...", "Rus" , “Pushkin”, “I am walking through the valley. On the back of the head is a cap...", "A low house with blue shutters..."
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in the hand...”), “Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...”, “Longing for the homeland! A long time ago...", "Books in red binding", "To Grandmother", "Seven hills - like seven bells!.." (from the series "Poems about Moscow")
10. O.E. Mandelstam: “Notre Dame”, “Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears..."
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “Clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic army...", "I had a voice. He called comfortingly...", "Native Land", "Tear-stained autumn, like a widow...", "Seaside Sonnet", "Before spring there are days like this...", "I am not with those who abandoned the earth...", "Poems about St. Petersburg ", "Courage". Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: “February. Get some ink and cry!..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to achieve everything...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter Night” (“It’s chalk, it’s chalk all over the earth...”), “There will be no one in the house... “,” “It’s snowing,” “About these poems,” “Loving others is a heavy cross...”, “Pines,” “Hoarfrost,” “July.”
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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Changes in the system of conducting the Unified State Exam in 2018 have been known for a long time. For the first time, the former head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Litvinov, announced big changes. In particular, innovations will affect Unified State Examination in Literature 2018.

The new exam, which all graduates of the 2017-2018 academic year will take, will consist entirely of creative tasks. According to the current Minister of Education of Russia Olga Vasilyeva, next year a new promising model of the unified state exam, specially developed by leading specialists of the FIPI Institute, will come into force.

FIPI has finished testing the new model of the unified state exam in literature and graduates of 2018 will already take the exam in a completely new way.

Employees of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements took drastic measures, completely eliminating test tasks from CMM. What other innovations await already anxious eleventh graders?

There will be no more short answer questions.

First, let's figure out which ones are the most important in literature. So, as mentioned above, the tests were extracted from the exam.

There were reasons for this step - according to the developers of the new method, the tests do not pose any difficulty for the graduate, being an unnecessary element of assessment. In test tasks, there is a high probability of “guessing” the correct answer, which FIPI experts in no way agree with.

In the Unified State Examination in literature there will no longer be open-ended test questions, where the student is required to answer in one word or in the form of numerical sequences.

Today's Unified State Exam has twelve such questions out of the total. Most of these questions test the graduate's knowledge of the basic terms of literary studies.

However, schoolchildren these days are well versed on these points. In addition, tasks that require detailed written answers are already designed to operate with terms, so additional testing of this knowledge is not required.

Much to the sadness of graduates, they lose the guaranteed opportunity to score points based only on a thorough knowledge of terminology. In addition, the strategy of C grade students to get away with “little loss”, that is, to do only one part with tasks that require short answers, completely collapses. Beginning in 2018, every test taker will be expected to demonstrate the ability to express their thoughts clearly and effectively.

Increasing the number of optional tasks

From now on, graduates will have a wider choice of options: instead of three tasks for an extended essay, there will be four. That is, you will need to take one topic from the growing list. Having received this or that work for a “big” essay, the student can choose which question will be more interesting for him to answer.

The volume of the essay will increase

In the “main” essay, the minimum amount of required text will be increased. In the current Unified State Examination in literature, the minimum volume is 200 words, but in a year you will need to “put” at least 250 words on paper.

Also, the developers of the new method came to the decision to specify the requirements for mini-essays. If now there are no strict conditions regarding the number of words in such essays (when writing mini-essays, a recommendation of 5-10 sentences appears), then by 2018 FIPI plans to set a minimum volume of 50 words. This requirement will apply to both comparative tasks and text analysis tasks.

Simplify matching tasks

The changes also affected tasks for the so-called “immersion in the literary context.” If today the Unified State Examination in Literature suggests comparing a text with two texts, thereby showing your horizons as a reader, then in 2018 it is proposed to abolish the task, mentioning only one text for comparison.

Evaluation criteria are being clarified

Now that the Unified State Examination in Literature has no tasks with short answers at all, automatic checking has become impossible. In light of this, the developers of the promising method of a unified examination in literature faced an important task - how to achieve the most objective assessment of a student’s knowledge?

Now the Unified State Examination in literature consists of five essays, which brings it closer to the “traditional” school final exam. The experts take the matter seriously; all sorts of meetings are held where wishes and suggestions for the approach to evaluating work are expressed. We must assume that by the time of delivery we will know the final decision of the FIPI specialists.

The new Unified State Exam in literature has already been launched

In the academic year 2015-2016, a trial Unified State Examination in literature was conducted with some changes made. More than 1,000 schoolchildren from 60 educational institutions in 13 regions of the Federation took part in the “experiment.”

During testing of a new approach to passing the Unified State Exam in literature, it was revealed that 94% of teachers were in favor of introducing the updated exam. In addition, experts emphasize the fact that the new model is not too different from the previous one in its complexity. In other words, schoolchildren should not worry - passing the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018 will not become fundamentally more difficult.

Every year, demo versions of the current year's Unified State Exam are published on the official website of the FIPI.

On August 21, 2017, draft documents were presented regulating the structure and content of the KIM Unified State Exam 2018 (including a demo version of the Unified State Exam in literature).

There are documents that regulate the structure and content of CMMs - codifier and specification.

Unified State Exam in Literature 2018 - demo version with answers and criteria from FIPI

Total tasks – 17; of which by type of task: with a short answer - 12; with a detailed answer – 5; by difficulty level: B – 12; P – 4; IN 1.

The maximum score for the work is 57 (significant changes compared to last year).

Changes in the 2018 Unified State Examination in Literature compared to 2017

1. The criteria for assessing detailed answers have been improved and brought closer to the OGE.

2. The algorithm of expert actions when evaluating detailed answers of different types has been simplified; greater transparency has been ensured in the formation of assessments for individual tasks and the work as a whole (for the expert and the examinee). The changes are aimed at increasing the objectivity of assessment of examination work and strengthening the continuity between forms of final control at different levels of school education.

3. Control over the quality of the examinee’s speech has been strengthened (speech is assessed in answers to all tasks).

4. The requirements for completing comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: the instructions for them do not require giving a justification for choosing an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their evaluation.

5. The fourth task has been introduced in part 2 (the topics of the essays vary, taking into account the genre-generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).

6. The maximum score for the entire work has been increased from 42 to 57 points.

7. The procedure for appointing 3 experts has been clarified.

8. Instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of ​​what actions and in what logic the examinee must perform)

Duration of the Unified State Examination 2018 in literature

The duration of the Unified State Examination in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).

Distribution of CMM tasks by content, types of skills and methods of action

The list of content elements tested on the Unified State Exam is presented in Section 1 of the codifier. The list contains eight subsections. Based on subsection 1 “Information on the theory and history of literature,” certain terms and concepts are used in the formulation of tasks.

The remaining subsections distribute works of fiction according to different literary eras:

From ancient Russian literature;

From literature of the 18th century;

From the literature of the first half of the 19th century;

From the literature of the second half of the 19th century; -

from the literature of the late 19th – early 20th centuries;

From the literature of the first half of the 20th century;

From the literature of the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century;

To compile the Unified State Exam KIM, these subsections are combined into content blocks. Each version of the examination paper must contain tasks from three content blocks:

1) Old Russian literature, literature of the 18th century. and the first half of the 19th century;

2) literature of the second half of the 19th century;

3) literature of the late 19th century – early 21st century;

The Unified State Exam in Literature is not included in the list of mandatory examination tests for school graduates, but is required for admission to many universities for popular specialties: journalism, philology, television, acting and others. “Solving the Unified State Exam in Literature” online is an opportunity to effectively prepare for the exam by completing tests on various topics.

This exam, according to surveys of graduates, is considered one of the most difficult. There are several reasons: you need to operate with a huge amount of information, you need to write an essay, you are given a lot of time (about 4 hours), and it is not enough to successfully complete all the tasks.

How to solve these problems?

• Master the theory so that you can confidently use it during the exam test;
• Learn to rationally plan time during the exam;
• Master the skills of writing high-quality essays on a given topic, and succinctly formulate thoughts.

Preparation stages:

1. The main thing is to set a clear and precise goal. The goal is the result you are going towards. To present the required result, you need to make a list of your preferred universities where you plan to enroll - each has its own passing score, which reaches 80 in the most prestigious educational institutions.
2. Take the necessary textbooks to review literary theory. In order for the preparation to be systematic and thorough, it is recommended to start by familiarizing yourself with – it specifically identifies all the points that you should pay attention to.
3. Use all resources to prepare, do not neglect school education.
4. When writing an essay, you need training and the help of a teacher or tutor who will check the essay, give recommendations, and help analyze mistakes.
   

Please note: it is impossible to qualitatively and thoroughly prepare for the exam in six months, since the program involves a significant amount of theoretical information.

The structure of the test includes tasks that can be divided into two types: testing and essay.

• The questions of the first part require knowledge of the theory and literature of different centuries - from ancient times to modern times. Awareness of events, heroes, characters, issues, and styles of works is assumed. Testing involves choosing the correct option from those offered. More complex questions concern establishing correspondences, analyzing a poem; the examinee is given a fragment of a literary work and tasks for it that must be completed. The biggest problem is working with poems and determining the means of artistic expression.
• The second part involves formulating your own opinion in the form of an essay on a given topic. From the proposed options for topics, you can choose the appropriate one - there are three of them, according to the periods of development of literature: ancient Russian, classical, modern literature. The criteria for evaluating an essay are: completeness of the topic, logic of text construction, mastery of terminology, factual accuracy, ability to argue.

The Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018 is an elective subject. Not every graduate chooses this exam - basically, only those guys who in the future want to connect their lives with philology, linguistics, journalism and other humanities that require knowledge of literature. The complexity of this exam is due to the fact that the student needs to prepare very seriously and a lot, read a large number of works of Russian literature, both lyrical and prosaic.

Not all children have time to master such a volume of information in a year, since meaningful reading of large novels takes an extremely long time. Therefore, in order to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Literature in the 11th grade, it is necessary to begin preparation in a timely manner - preferably not a year in advance, but at least from the 10th grade, while regularly turning to the theoretical basis and returning to previously read works. Let's figure out how to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2018.

At the Hodograph TC you will find qualified tutors to prepare for the OGE in literature for students, and. We offer individual and group lessons for 3-4 people and provide discounts on training. Our students score on average 30 points more!

Literature for the Unified State Exam 2018 - preparation from scratch

If you decide to take the Unified State Exam in Literature, but don’t know how to start preparing, we’ll give you some advice. First, you need to develop a good theoretical base, that is, read all the necessary works and become familiar with the basic concepts from the theory and history of literature. Look through the codifier on this subject (it is presented on the FIPI website or in the corresponding article on our portal), mark those works that you have already read, and those concepts from the theory that you fully understand. Then start reading the works.

We advise you not to “rush” from one author to another, but to read sequentially so that you can trace changes in works within a particular period of history. You can “dilute” large prose works with poems: for example, you decided to read the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov, then you can read 50-60 pages a day (or, for example, 1 chapter), and after that another 1-2 program poems. This way you will save time and diversify your preparation.

As for historical and literary information, you can keep a separate notebook where you will write down terms and definitions: for example, what is an artistic image, what is the difference between the form and content of a work, why plot and plot are not the same thing, etc.

Also, for clarity, make diagrams and tables: types of literary genres, what are their features and what examples of works can be given; why the main means of artistic expression can be divided into lexical (tropes) and syntactic (figures of speech); what are the poetic meters in the syllabic-tonic system of versification, etc. Such notes will help you “sort out your thoughts” and clearly structure a continuous set of terms. Try to start and you will get hooked, it is actually a very exciting process!

Literature of the Unified State Exam - preparation for short answer tasks

Having developed a good theoretical basis, you can begin to practice - namely, tasks with a short answer (tasks 1–7 and 10–14), where the answers are written either in the form of a word, a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Let's look at the specifics of each task:

In tasks 1 and 10 you need to indicate the literary movement/direction within which the given work was written, or its genre. Understand and learn the differences between classicism, realism, futurism, etc.

In tasks 2 and 11, as a rule, you are required to indicate the artistic device used in a certain sentence (line) of the passage: it can be anaphora, hyperbole, antithesis, metaphor. A glossary of terms to help you: learn and find means of artistic expression in all kinds of texts!

Tasks 5-7, sometimes 11-13 may have a “mirror” form: you may be asked to write down a word or phrase that is one or another means of expression (for example, “Write down an epithet”; “Write down the line number that contains a metaphor”, etc. .d.). The preparation is exactly the same: we learn the terms and practice finding them.

Task 4 in the Unified State Exam in Literature, as a rule, tests knowledge of the content of the work presented in the first block of tasks: it is necessary to compare the character and his characteristics/further fate/role in the work. There is only one way to prepare: read the work and simply remember its characters.

In task 14 you need to indicate the poetic meter in which the presented lyrical work is written. Here it is necessary to know the system of syllabic-tonic versification by heart, and not only be able to “distinguish an iambic from a trochee,” but also a dactyl from an amphibrachium and anapest, and it would also be nice to understand what a spondee and a pyrrhic are. Don’t be intimidated by these terms - once you understand them, you will easily learn to identify any poetic meter.

Thus, tasks 1-7, 10-16 imply knowledge of basic concepts from the theory and history of literature.

Unified State Exam Literature -
preparation for tasks with a detailed answer

Now let's look at how to prepare for tasks with a detailed answer. First of all, you should start by practicing mini-essays of 5–10 sentences (tasks 8,9,15,16). As a rule, tasks 8 and 15 relate directly to a prose or lyrical work (or an excerpt thereof) given in the KIM, for example, “What character traits of the hero does the given episode allow us to judge?” or “What is the contradictory nature of the poet’s attitude towards Russia in this poem?”

Here you need to answer the question posed directly and as succinctly as possible, without “water” and “without thoughts spreading over the tree,” justifying your answer with a quotation - just imagine that your friend asked you this question and you answer him. Tasks 9 and 16 involve comparing the given text with works of similar themes and justifying the similarities (as a rule, prose is compared with prose, poetry with poetry).

The task sounds something like this: “In which works of Russian classics does the theme of public service, military or civilian, sound, and in what ways can these works be compared with “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin? or “In which works of Russian poets the image of Russia was created and what are its similarities and differences in these works

and a poem by A.A. Blok? Here it is already necessary to demonstrate knowledge of other works, the ability to compare different texts and the ability to argue your point of view.

Literature of the Unified State Examination - preparation for essays

As for the essay from task 17 in the Unified State Examination in Literature 2018, here you already need to rely on both theory and direct knowledge of a particular work, its plot and characters, and features of the composition. The task may sound, for example, like this: “What role did Sonya Marmeladova play in the fate of Rodion Raskolnikov?”

There is only one way to prepare: write as many essays as possible. When writing, you need to rely on the author’s position and formulate your point of view, and then argue your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you need to analyze at least three poems). Also, do not forget to use theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work (the same ones that you wrote down in a separate notebook).

Pay special attention to the composition of the essay - it should have an introduction, main part and conclusion. Thoughts must be presented coherently and logically, in compliance with the norms of speech. The volume of the essay is not that large - a minimum of only 200 words. Such tasks are similar to ordinary school essays, with the only difference being that you will not have the opportunity to use cheat sheets and the Internet - but you don’t need them, do you?

Practice solving as many standard options as possible, look at different options and formulations of tasks, write essays (and track how much time it takes you) - this way you will develop your own algorithm for writing answers and develop your own style of reasoning. Good luck on the exam!