The location chosen was picturesque and convenient - on small hill, at the confluence of the quiet Khudinets River with the wide and deep Moscow River. In 1282, the prince erected a wooden church here and ordered it to be consecrated in honor of his heavenly patron Saint Daniel.
On the one hand, the temple was located on a busy Horde road, and on the other, at a certain distance from the city. So soon the first monastic community in Moscow gathered around him, which the prince helped get on its feet with his personal savings. Now, having asked for blessings, it was possible to begin strengthening the economy.
The prince himself began to travel around the surrounding villages, inspect the lands, and receive reports from the elders. He sorted everything out himself, removed the lists, ordered the opening of granaries and barns. In the city, he immediately set about expanding the Kremlin, inventing work canteens and field kitchens. Work began to boil three times faster. Daniel himself supervised the construction of walls and defensive fortifications.
According to Moscow shopping arcades which, in the Pereyaslavl manner, the prince called Red Square, he always walked by himself, leaving his horse and his attendants far behind. He carefully examined the counters, touched the fabrics, asked prices, and talked with the merchants. The abundance of goods could not but rejoice: if there is something to sell, then there will be something to live on.
One day, as usual, the prince walked around the market. From everywhere came the joyful “To us, to us, prince!” Daniil Alexandrovich, dear father, come to us!” Seeing the intricately made salt shaker, the prince stopped:
- How much will you give it, mistress?
- Yes, at least accept it as a gift.
But the prince is not poor either. He unfolded the handkerchief and handed over the overseas wonder. From happiness, the woman collapsed at her feet, began to cry, and began to refuse the gift. She said that her son died in the service, but she got a good daughter-in-law, and they are raising their grandson together, so it’s a sin to complain.
The prince picked it up, took out a silver hryvnia and said seriously:
- No, you just accept it, mistress. After all, it was I who did not save your son.
Even during Daniel’s lifetime, legends circulated about the Moscow prince’s amazing responsibility for his people and his absolutely out-of-date 13th-century love of peace.
In 1282, in response to the unfair claims of his older brother, Grand Duke Dmitry, he gathers an army and opposes him. Having met the offenders, the Muscovites were ready to rush into the attack, when suddenly the prince suddenly ordered the all-clear to sound. He resolved this conflict through negotiations.
3 years later there was another threat, this time from his middle brother Andrei Alexandrovich. And again, Daniel’s peaceful policy stops civil strife and prevents bloodshed from beginning.
In 1293, a particularly difficult test befell Moscow. Prince Andrei brought the Tatars to Rus', led by the notorious Duden. Dudenev's army had already burned Murom, Suzdal, Kolomna, and devastated Dmitrov and Mozhaisk. Now this gang of ruthless robbers stood at the walls of Moscow. The forces were too unequal, and it was useless to resist.
According to the moral law of that time, the prince had every right to survive the attack in one of his villages. But what kind of father leaves his children? In order to avoid bloodshed, Daniel delivers the keys to the city to the enemy and, together with his people, experiences the horrors of the barbaric attack.
Before the sated robbers had time to leave the robbed and mutilated city, leaving Muscovites in the ashes, the prince was already gathering people to himself, encouraging them and distributing his estate to the victims. It’s hard to believe, but Moscow got back on its feet and rebuilt itself after the blow in just one year.
And a year later, in 1295, the prince set out on a campaign at the head of a large united army against his treacherous brother. Muscovites had both strength and truth on their side. Victory could punish Prince Andrei and bring power to Daniil. But he would have to pay for it with brotherly blood and the blood of his squad. And again negotiations, and again peace, sealed with the signatures of all the princes of the Russian land at their general congress in Dmitrov.
However, when necessary, the son of Alexander Nevsky knew how to hold a sword. In 1300, the Tatars came to Rus' again. This time they were brought by the Ryazan prince Konstantin, who was going to capture Moscow. Daniil Alexandrovich warned the Ryazan invasion and was the first to set out on a campaign. Having captured Kolomna with a quick maneuver, the Muscovites attacked Ryazan itself. The Tatar troops were defeated, Konstantin was captured.
But even here the Moscow owner remains true to himself. He receives the captive prince as a guest - with all due honors. Such a reception touches the heart of the captive, and the two Russian principalities conclude a long-awaited peace between themselves.
The exploits of Christian peacefulness could not but bear fruit. It is about people like Prince Daniel that the Gospel says: “Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.”
In 1296, Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich committed an act that is unlikely to have analogues in world history. Defeated by Daniel's humility and meekness, he gives his younger brother the power and title of Grand Duke.
The lack of lust for power, wisdom and non-acquisitiveness of Prince Daniel attract love and respect to him on the grand throne. It was during his reign that an event very important for the history of Moscow took place. His nephew, Ivan Dmitrievich, who has no heirs, bequeaths to his beloved uncle his principality, one of the richest and most powerful in Rus' - Pereslavl-Zalessky. It was from this moment that the Moscow state began to exist.
IN personal life the founder of Moscow was extremely modest, so we know little about her. It is only known that the prince’s wife’s name was Evdokia, that she bore him four sons, and that in her free time from raising children, she helped the poor and embroidered liturgical fabrics with gold for the Danilov Monastery.
Just as Saint Vassa instilled in her son a love of piety, Daniel’s wife taught the younger Vanechka to give alms. She sewed him a special wallet for the poor, which, even as he grew up, Ivan Danilovich never forgot to carry with him anywhere, for which he received his nickname Kalita.
Daniil Alexandrovich's first son, Yuri, did not have as gentle a character as Ivan. The prince knew this and therefore, leaving Moscow to his sons as undivided possession, he bequeathed to them to obey their elders and not allow hateful discord, no matter what.
The Lord granted the holy prince a quick and painless death. Literally the day before his death, he felt it approaching and hurried to his beloved monastery, where he received the great schema from the hands of the abbot, Archimandrite John. On March 17, 1303, the prince peacefully departed to the Lord.
All of Moscow mourned its breadwinner and protector, for, according to the chronicles, there was not a single person in the city who did not experience this loss as the loss of his own father. According to his humble will, he was buried as a simple monk, without honors, in the brotherly cemetery of the monastery he founded.
Less than 30 years had passed since the repose of the blessed prince, the Danilov Monastery was transferred to the Kremlin, the church was turned into a parish, the cemetery became secular, and the grave of Daniil himself was forgotten.
About 200 years later, a certain pious young man from the entourage of Ivan the Third, driving past this deserted corner, saw an unusual old man who appeared on his way from nowhere. “Don’t be afraid of me,” said the wanderer. - I am a Christian and the owner of this place. My name is Daniel, Prince of Moscow, by the will of God I am placed here.” Since then, all Moscow princes began to revere their wonderful ancestor and seek his prayerful help in all matters of city government.
At the time of the tomb of the Monk Daniel, the dying son of a Kolomna merchant was healed. The Tsar, amazed by the miracle, restored and decorated the ancient Danilov Monastery. Every year, the Metropolitan and the Holy Council began to make a religious procession to the burial place of the blessed prince, serve a memorial service there and honor Grand Duke Daniil Alexandrovich, the patron saint of Moscow.
The program was prepared by the Neophyte Studio of the Moscow St. Danilov Monastery, commissioned by the Kultura TV channel, 2002.
Daniil Alexandrovich. Miniature from the Tsar's title book
Daniil Alexandrovich (November/December 1261 (1261) - March 5, 1303, Moscow) - the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and his wife, Princess Vassa, the first appanage prince Moscow (from 1263, actually from 1277); the ancestor of the Moscow line of Rurikovichs: Moscow princes and kings. Grandson of Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich.
Annexed Kolomna in 1301. Received Pereslavl-Zalessky in his will, marking the beginning of the growth of the Moscow principality. Founded the Danilovsky Monastery in Moscow in 1282. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. The Tver charter of 1408 tells about the education of the Tver prince Yaroslav Yaroslavich, brother of Alexander Nevsky, little Daniil and about the management of the tiuns of the Grand Duke Yaroslav, intended for Daniil, for seven years while he occupied the grand-ducal table in Vladimir: from 1264 until his death in 1272 . After the death of his uncle Yaroslav Yaroslavich in 1272, young Daniil inherited Muscovy, small and meager compared to other estates, where his older brothers, Dmitry and Andrey, reigned.
Indeed, small country estate on the steep bank of the Moscow River, due to its insignificance, in the first hundred years of its existence it was never a capital city, the capital of even a small princely appanage. Only in front of Vsevolod’s great-grandchildren Big Nest, after the death of Alexander Nevsky, Moscow in 1263 had its own prince - Nevsky’s young son Daniil. This was the beginning of the Moscow principality and the dynasty of Moscow princes. Legends and traditions about Daniel are usually rejected by historians. But one thing, undoubtedly, cannot be denied to the first Moscow prince, the father of Ivan Kalita. He was a big man common sense. He correctly understood the essence of what was happening in North-Eastern Rus' profound changes. And when the wind of luck filled the sails of his boat, when people are the main wealth of a devastated country! - began to move into his domain, Daniel did everything so as not to “scare off” the settlers. Peace-loving and unpretentious, accommodating and good-natured, he knew how to get along with both the Tatars and his neighboring princes. At the same time, Daniel was not at all as simple as it might seem at first glance. He was well aware of his personal interests and, on occasion, could knock down an opponent with a sudden, carefully measured blow. His relatives were afraid of him and tried not to hurt him in vain. As a result, he provided peace to his land - and it was filled with life and movement.
Almost invisible to the chronicler in the crowd of other princes, Daniel did not strive for glory. He worked for the future. And the Lord rewarded him for his wisdom and patience. The first Moscow prince received such a large number of subjects - peasants, artisans, warriors - which allowed his sons to immediately enter the first rank of the then Russian princes. (N. Borisov) The lack of prospects for taking the grand princely throne (Daniil was the youngest in the family) forced the prince from the very began to pursue an independent policy aimed at developing and expanding its land. To do this, from the very beginning I had to participate in many princely strife. In 1276, he agreed with his middle brother, Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Gorodets, about joint action against uncle (Dmitry Yaroslavich); Allied actions continued until the early 1280s.
At the same time, 15-year-old Daniil deployed active work within his own domain. He streamlined the system of trade duties and began active defensive construction, in particular, in 1282 he founded the Danilov Monastery with a temple in the name of Daniel the Stylite near Moscow. The monastery became an important link in the southern defensive belt of Moscow (now the place of residence of Moscow Patriarch Alexy II). Even the raid on Moscow by the Tatar prince Duden (Tudan), who captured the city by deception (“Duden’s army”), did not change the picture: the prince was forced to soon return to the Horde; successful reign Daniel continued.
Holy Blessed Prince Daniel of Moscow. Icon of the turn of the 17th-18th centuries
In 1296, Daniel quarreled with his brother Andrei and began to fight with him in alliance with the Tver prince Mikhail ( cousin Daniel). Andrei Alexandrovich turned to the Horde for help. Then Daniil urgently made peace with his uncle, Prince of Vladimir Dmitry Yaroslavich, and in 1285 Andrei was defeated along with the Horde forces from the troops of Dmitry and Daniil. This battle was the first victory of the Russians over the Horde troops. Without getting involved in the struggle with his older brothers for the right to a great reign, Daniel at that time was thinking about how, using princely feuds, to strengthen his inheritance, he wanted to equip his Moscow. The chronicler believes that he managed not to stain himself with unseemly actions, betrayal or cowardice.
Daniil Alexandrovich
In 1300, the Principality of Moscow, ruled by Daniil, came into conflict with neighboring Ryazan. In 1301, Daniil Alexandrovich managed to bribe the Ryazan boyars and capture the ruler of Ryazan, Prince Konstantin Romanovich, which gave Daniil the right to annex the cities of Kolomna and Lopasnya to Moscow, along with lands (volosts) along the lower reaches of the Moscow River. These were the first annexations of lands to the Moscow inheritance, which began the more than two-century process of the formation of the Russian state under the auspices of Moscow. Defeated enemy- the prince of Ryazan - according to the chronicle, Daniel “kept him in honor, wanted to strengthen him with a kiss of the cross and let him go to Ryazan,” as long as Konstantin did not interfere with the further “gathering of lands.” Kolomna became the most important strategic point in the defense of Moscow from the south; Moscow received access to the Oka River, which was then an important trade route and one of waterways to the East.
In 1302, Daniel’s nephew, Ivan Dmitrievich, son of Dmitry Alexandrovich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, died childless. According to the laws of that time, he could have bequeathed his inheritance - Pereyaslavl-Zalessky - to the eldest of the brothers, but he “signed off” this huge region to Daniel. The will of Ivan Dmitrievich and the transfer of Pereyaslavl to Daniil aroused the indignation and envy of many princes (“indignant at Danilo Velmi”). The Gorodets prince tried to challenge the will by sending his governors to Pereyaslavl, but the residents of Pereyaslavl themselves supported Daniel. The territory of the Moscow principality grew sharply and the principality became one of the most significant ones in Rus' at that time. In Moscow itself, the Church of the Savior on Bor was then built, and a monastery was founded on Krutitsy. Andrei Alexandrovich went to the Horde to complain to the khan about the growing power of the Moscow prince. Sending Horde army interfered unexpected death 42-year-old Daniel on March 4, 1303. Before his death, he accepted the schema.
Death and burial (miniature of the Front Chronicle)
He handed over to his children the reign of Moscow, which was increased by at least twice as much as what he himself received from his father, and thus prepared the successes of his successors. Prince Daniel left five sons: Yuri, Ivan Kalita, Alexander, Afanasy and Boris. Prince Daniel was buried in the wooden church of St. Michael, standing on the site of the current Archangel Cathedral. Ivan the Terrible restored the Danilov Monastery, which had fallen into complete decline, the foundation of which is attributed to Prince Daniil. The name of Daniel's wife is not mentioned in the primary sources. P.V. Dolgorukov calls her Evdokia Alexandrovna.
Children: Yuri Daniilovich (d. 1325) - Moscow prince from 1303, Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1319-1322 (as Yuri III), Prince of Novgorod from 1322. Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita (1288-1340/1341) - Prince of Moscow from 1325, Grand Duke Vladimirsky from 1328, Prince of Novgorod in 1328-1337. Alexander Daniilovich (d. 1322). Afanasy Daniilovich (d. 1322) - Prince of Novgorod in 1314-1315 and 1319-1322. Boris Daniilovich (d. 1320) - Prince of Kostroma since 1304.
Grand Duke Daniil Alexandrovich
Daniil Alexandrovich is the first Moscow appanage prince, the founder of the line of Rurikovichs, Moscow kings and princes.
Daniel was named after Saint Daniel the Stylite, whose feast day is celebrated on December 11th. In this regard, the prince was born sometime in November - December 1261, the year of birth is mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle.
The Tver charter, dated 1408, tells about the upbringing of little Daniel by Yaroslav Yaroslavich, the Tver prince and brother of Alexander Nevsky. She also talks about the management of the tiuns of Prince Yaroslav for 7 years, while he occupied the grand-ducal chair in Vladimir until his death: from 1264 to 1271.
Daniil Moskovsky participated in the struggle between his brothers - Dmitry Pereyaslavsky and Andrei Gorodetsky. This struggle was fought for the Grand Duchy of Vladimir. The inevitably involved Prince Daniil Alexandrovich himself showed himself to be very peaceful.
In 1282, he united the Moscow troops with the troops of Andrei, together with the Tver prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. Peace was concluded without bloodshed. Since 1283, Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow was on the side of Prince Dmitry.
Moscow was taken by the Tatar prince Tudan in 1293. And in 1294, after the death of Prince Dmitry, Prince Daniil of Moscow headed the famous Moscow-Pereyaslav-Tver alliance, which opposed Prince Andrei. But after Andrei became the Grand Duke of Vladimir, disagreements between the Russian princes opened again in 1296.
Here Daniil Alexandrovich together with Prince of Tver Mikhail negotiated, after which the brothers again made peace. Daniil of Moscow in 1301 took part in the Dmitrov Congress of Russian princes.
The prince's wife was Ovdotya, originally from Murom. She was closely related to the Rostov princess, the wife of Boris Vasilkovich. The sons of Prince Daniil Alexandrovich: Yuri Daniilovich, Ivan Daniilovich, Alexander Daniilovich, Afanasy Daniilovich and Boris Daniilovich.
Prince Daniel founded a monastery in Moscow, built on the site of a wooden church in the name of St. Daniel the Stylite. This temple became the beginning of the Danilov Monastery. There are two versions about the burial place of the Prince of Moscow. The first says that Daniel was buried in the Archangel Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin).
N.M. Karamzin at one time made an extract about the death of the prince from the Trinity Chronicle that burned in 1812. This extract read: it was laid out in the church of St. Mikhail in Moscow. The second version is set out in the Degree Book, which states that Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow was buried near the Danilov Monastery in the fraternal cemetery.
The Russian people recalled the righteous life of the prince with great gratitude. And therefore, already in 1791 he was canonized in the Russian Orthodox Church for veneration as the holy noble prince Daniel of Moscow.
He became the idol of an entire generation. This action movie gave the actor the image of a supermacho man of the nineties. His popularity was off the charts, and he chose someone who knew nothing about him. It was an actress. By the time they met, Pevtsov already had a son, Daniil, born from his theater classmate Larisa Blazhko. If it weren’t for Drozdov, he probably wouldn’t have started communicating with his son. She put forward a condition for him: if you want to be friends with me, start seeing your child. And he couldn’t miss her, because for the first time in his life he truly fell in love. They met at a screen test for the film “Walk on the Scaffold,” where they played lovers. Today their couple is considered one of the most beautiful and strong in the acting community. They have been together for almost a quarter of a century. Pevtsov’s son Daniil grew up and also became an actor. Together they worked in the theater and acted in films, and those around them were amazed at their external similarity. Daniil became a close person for Olga, because she and Dmitry have their own children for a long time did not have. Their son Elisha was born when they had given up hope. Olga was 42 years old at the time, and the child became a real gift of fate. However, a blow soon followed, from which Pevtsov could not recover for a long time: his eldest son Daniil died. About how I survived this terrible tragedy, Dmitry Pevtsov said in the program.
There was a period in Dmitry Pevtsov’s life when he didn’t even think about the acting profession. He entered Department of Biology pedagogical institute. Dmitry's older brother studied there, and Pevtsov followed in his footsteps. And as a child, the boy had one dream - to go to another city and live in a hostel, the main thing is to be separate from his parents. The actor’s father is an honored pentathlon coach of the USSR, his mother is a sports doctor. As a child, Dima was involved in figure skating, gymnastics, alpine skiing, judo, karate, and at the age of four he was put on a horse.
He never entered the pedagogical school and went to work as a milling machine operator at a factory. Mechanical work at the machine made the young man think about the future. Using cheap tickets that were distributed in the workshop, he began to often go to the theater. He liked it and began preparing a program for the theater. At the institute, he “didn’t grab stars from the sky and was an average student.” And Pevtsov felt like a real actor after the play “Phaedra” by Roman Viktyuk, for which he is very grateful to the director. Until now, Pevtsov puts theater first, and cinema is secondary for him.
On May 7, 1991, Dmitry met Olga. Then, during auditions, actors who were completely unfamiliar with each other had to hug and kiss. This is where they started Honeymoon, since they immediately began to live together in the dormitory of the Sovremennik Theater. Dmitry did not waste time; he quickly introduced his chosen one to her parents, who approved of his choice. They wandered for a long time different apartments, the young family did not have enough money. There was a period when Dmitry, by that time already famous actor, even "bombed". And they “earned their 100-meter-long dwelling, in which they still live, with sweat, blood and humiliation from the old man Dumas” (film “The Countess de Monsoreau”).
Dmitry considers one of his great sins to be that he did not recognize his eldest son for a long time. Everything changed thanks to Olga. Dmitry gave the boy his last name, and especially last years During Daniel's life, father and son communicated very closely. They managed to star in three films together, Dmitry helped the young man with “excerpts at the institute.”
Dmitry and Olga did not have children together for a very long time; the couple already despaired of becoming parents. And in 2007, 15 years after they met, their first child was born - son Elisha. Daniel enjoyed talking with younger brother, he “grabbed him into his arms, and they talked about something of their own.” “It was genuine love. Unfortunately, Elisha practically doesn’t remember this, Dani passed away in 2012, he left us as a bright Angel,” said the actor.
Did Dmitry and Olga have a wedding? When did they get married? What does the Temple mean in Pevtsov’s life? And who opened the doors for him? The answers are in the program.