– formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 “On introducing amendments to the list of federal districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 “Issues of the system and structure of federal bodies executive power"by separation from the Southern Federal District. The center of the North Caucasus Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000, the name North Caucasian federal district was worn by the Southern Federal District.
North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD)– includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern parts North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasian Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasus Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. Regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are included in the North Caucasus economic region.
Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, Agriculture, production building materials.
The North Caucasus remains the most conflict-ridden region in Russia.
NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
Administrative center North Caucasus Federal District - Pyatigorsk
Republic of DAGESTAN - Administrative center of Makhachkala
Republic of INGUSHETIA - Administrative center of Magas
Republic of NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA - Administrative center of Vladikavkaz
KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC - Administrative center of Nalchik
KARACHAY-CHERKASSIAN REPUBLIC - Administrative center of Cherkessk
CHECHEN REPUBLIC - Administrative center of Grozny
STAVROPOL TERRITORY - Administrative center of Stavropol
Cities of the North Caucasus Federal District.
Cities in the Republic of Dagestan: Buynaksk, Dagestan Lights, Derbent, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, Kizilyurt, Kizlyar, Khasavyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Makhachkala.
Cities in the Republic of Ingushetia: Karabulak, Malgobek, Nazran. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Magas.
Cities in the Republic North Ossetia- Alanya: Alagir, Ardon, Beslan, Digora, Mozdok. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Vladikavkaz.
Cities in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic: Baksan, Maisky, Nartkala, Prokhladny, Terek, Tyrnyauz, Chegem. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Nalchik.
Cities in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic: Karachaevsk, Teberda, Ust-Dzheguta. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Cherkessk.
Cities in the Chechen Republic: Argun, Gudermes, Urus-Martan, Shali. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Grozny.
Cities in the Stavropol Territory: Grateful, Budyonnovsk, Georgievsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Zelenokumsk, Izobilny, Ipatovo, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, Mineralnye Vody, Mikhailovsk, Nevinnomyssk, Neftekumsk, Novoaleksandrovsk, Novopavlovsk, Pyatigorsk, Svetlograd. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Stavropol.
– formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 “On introducing amendments to the list of federal districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 “Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies” by separating from the Southern Federal District The center of the North Caucasus Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000, the name of the North Caucasus Federal District was borne by the Southern Federal District.
North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD)– includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasus Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are included in the North Caucasus Economic Region.
Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, agriculture, production of building materials.
The North Caucasus remains the most conflict-ridden region in Russia.
NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
Administrative center of the North Caucasus Federal District - city of Pyatigorsk
Scientific publications (articles and monographs) related to the region North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) , published by the Creative Economy Publishing House (found: 27 for the period from 2008 to 2017).
1.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (№ 4 / 2017).
The regions with the most difficult conditions for conducting agricultural production include the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District. The food and processing industry is a vital sector here, with a direct and profound impact on the economy as a whole. Needs restructuring too organizational structure interaction between food and processing industry enterprises, the main forms of which may be the use of integration forms such as cluster, holding and other structures.
Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L. Analysis of the state of the food and processing industry in the constituent entities of the North Caucasus Federal District // Russian Entrepreneurship. – 2017. – Volume 18. – No. 4. – p. 483-500. – doi: 10.18334/rp.18.4.37536 .
3. Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 22 / 2016).
The possibilities for a radical improvement in agriculture are due to the need to modernize the industry and accelerate the development of technical and technological conditions for production. The dynamic socio-economic development of the macroregion will create, in our opinion, conditions for the development of related sectors of the economy and for the creation of new highly productive jobs in competitive industries, will ensure a reduction in unemployment and an increase in real cash incomes of the population, will increase the volume of goods of own production and the volume of investments in fixed capital in the North Caucasus Federal District, as well as the volume of tax and non-tax revenues transferred to the budget system.
Dokholyan S.V., Vartanova M.L. Prospects for the development of agriculture in the constituent entities of the North Caucasus Federal District // Russian Entrepreneurship. – 2016. – Volume 17. – No. 22. – p. 3107–3128. – doi: 10.18334/rp.17.22.36986.
13. Anokhina M.E., Mochalnikov V.N., Korostelev D.G.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 9 / 2014).
The article presents the results of a study of the influence of cluster technologies on the process of social economic development region. The main advantages of cluster structures that ensure increased competitiveness of regions and innovative development of territories are shown. Using the example of the creation and development of the North Caucasus tourism cluster, the problems of using cluster technologies in management are revealed regional development, and the problem is identified as the main one staffing. To solve this problem, based on the forecast of the number of human resources and the existing educational potential of the region, the authors developed a model of an industry educational cluster in the field of tourism and service, and recommended an organizational and functional structure corporate university and a model of interaction between the assessment and certification center and executive authorities was formed, educational institutions and interested organizations.
Anokhina M.E., Mochalnikov V.N., Korostelev D.G. Cluster technologies in the regional development management system // Russian Entrepreneurship. – 2014. – Volume 15. – No. 9. – p. 62-74. – url: .
16. Glaz Yu.A., Salpagarov R.U.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 5 / 2013).
Of all the regional labor markets of the North Caucasus Federal District, instability of functioning is most characteristic of the labor market of the Stavropol Territory. In the article, the labor market of this region is assessed according to the “objective” segmentation criterion: from the point of view of distribution work force by type economic activity, number of jobs occupied by industry, size wages workers.
Glaz Yu.A., Salpagarov R.U. Segmentation of the labor market of the Stavropol Territory according to the object criterion // Russian Entrepreneurship. – 2013. – Volume 14. – No. 5. – p. 131-135. – url: .
17. Abduljalilov M.M., Gadzhieva S.A.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 3 / 2013).
The growing differentiation of levels of regional economic development is one of the most serious threats to national and economic security. In the article we're talking about about the North Caucasus Federal District. According to the authors, a rational tax policy in this region can help reduce the differentiation in the level of its socio-economic development compared to other territories of Russia.
Abduljalilov M.M., Gadzhieva S.A. North Caucasus Federal District: taxation and the economic growth// Russian entrepreneurship. – 2013. – Volume 14. – No. 3. – p. 137-140. – url: .
19. Gichiev N.S., Surakatov N.S.
// Russian entrepreneurship. (No. 19 / 2012).
The article examines the foreign economic activity of the region in the context of the country's accession to the WTO, the need for the participation of individual territories, in particular the North Caucasus region, in world economic relations. The authors propose using statistical accounting as a tool for identifying and increasing the role of foreign trade factors in accelerating economic dynamics region.
Gichiev N.S., Surakatov N.S. Foreign economic activity in North Caucasus region// Russian entrepreneurship. – 2012. – Volume 13. – No. 19. – p. 145-150. – url: .
20. Tatuev A.A., Nagoev A.B., Gergova Z.Kh.
/ 2012. – url: .
The book discusses theoretical and methodological basis regional economy, as well as the problems of forming the prerequisites for its comprehensive modernization. The features of the formation of the Russian market economic space in modern conditions, trends and contradictions in the development of the North Caucasus Federal District. Special attention is given to the main directions and effective organizational and economic tools for modernizing the regional economy.
The monograph is intended for scientific workers, teachers, graduate students, students, practitioners and heads of subjects interested in the modernization of regional economies.
Publish your monograph in good quality for only 15 rubles!
The basic price includes text proofreading, ISBN, DOI, UDC, BBK, legal copies, uploading to the RSCI, 10 author’s copies with delivery throughout Russia.
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This article is about the North Caucasus Federal District, created in 2010. For the North Caucasus Federal District, created in 2000, see Southern Federal District.
| Federal District of the Russian Federation | |
| North Caucasus Federal District | |
| Educated | January 19, 2010 |
|---|---|
| FO Center | |
| Territory - area | 170,439 km² (1% of the Russian Federation) |
| Population | ↗ 9,823,481 people (2018) (6.69% from the Russian Federation) |
| Density | 57.64 people/km² |
| % urban us. | 49,81 |
| Number of subjects | 7 |
| Number of cities | 56 |
| GRP | RUB 1,798 billion (2016) |
| GRP per capita | RUB 184,466/person (2016) |
| Plenipotentiary | Matovnikov, Alexander Anatolievich |
| Official site | skfo.gov.ru |
North Caucasus Federal District(NCFD) is a federal district in the south of the European part of Russia, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus.
The North Caucasus Federal District includes seven federal subjects with an area of 170,439 km² (1% of the territory of the Russian Federation) and a population of 9,823,481 people. (6.69% of the population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2018). The administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District is the city.
Story
Initially, the North Caucasus Federal District was the name of the federal district formed by the decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, but already on June 21 of the same year this district was renamed and received its current name- Southern Federal District.
In its modern form - as a separate federal district - the North Caucasus Federal District was formed by a decree of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev dated January 19, 2010, by separating some of the subjects from the Southern Federal District. The new district included 7 Russian regions (see list). The city of Pyatigorsk was established as the center of the district (which made it the only center of the federal district that is not at the same time the administrative center of a federal subject), but from April 2010 to June 2011 the residence authorized representative The President's Office in the North Caucasus Federal District was temporarily located in. In September 2010, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Comprehensive Strategy for the Social and Economic Development of the North Caucasus Federal District until 2025.
Composition of the district
The North Caucasus Federal District includes 6 republics and 1 region, being the only federal district in Russia that does not include regions.
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № | Flag | Subject of the federation | Area (km²) | Population (persons) | GRP, billion rubles (2016) |
GRP per capita population, thousand rubles/person (2016) |
Administrative center and its population (persons) |
| 1 |  |
50 270 | ↗ 3 063 885 | 597,1 | 197,1 | (596 356) | |
| 2 |  |
3628 | ↗ 488 043 | 50,9 | 106,8 | (8771) | |
| 3 |  |
12 470 | ↗ 865 828 | 132,7 | 153,7 | (239 300) | |
| 4 |  |
14 277 | ↘ 466 305 | 73,2 | 156,6 | (122 395) | |
| 5 |  |
7987 | ↘ 701 765 | 125,5 | 178,4 | (306 258) | |
| 6 |  |
66 160 | ↘ 2 800 674 | 651,9 | 232,6 | (433 931) | |
| 7 |  |
15 647 | ↗ 1 436 981 | 166,7 | 118,7 | (297 137) | |
Geography
The North Caucasus Federal District is the smallest federal district in Russia by area. By land it borders with the Southern Federal District, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The district borders only by water.
In the east, the federal district is bounded by the Caspian Sea, in the south - by the Main Caucasus Range and the borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the west and north - by internal Russian administrative borders (Southern Federal District). The district has no access to the world's oceans.
Population
The population of the district according to Rosstat is 9 823 481 people (2018), which is 6.69% of the Russian population. Population density - 57,64 people/km² (2018), high by Russian standards, and second only to (60.46 people/km²). Urban population - 49,81 % (2018). The district is characterized by record population growth for Russian federal districts.
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| 9 428 826 | ↗ 9 439 041 | ↗ 9 492 909 | ↗ 9 540 758 | ↗ 9 590 085 | ↗ 9 659 044 | ↗ 9 718 001 |
| 2017 | 2018 | |||||
| ↗ 9 775 770 | ↗ 9 823 481 | |||||
| Fertility (number of births per 1000 population) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
| 20,1 | ↗ 20,3 | ↘ 20,1 | ↘ 15,0 | ↘ 12,1 | ↗ 13,9 | → 13,9 | ↗ 15,8 | ↗ 17,0 |
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | |||
| ↗ 17,1 | ↗ 17,2 | ↗ 17,3 | ↗ 17,4 | ↘ 17,2 | ↗ 17,3 | |||
| Mortality rate (number of deaths per 1000 population) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
| 7,3 | ↗ 8,7 | ↗ 9,0 | ↗ 10,6 | ↘ 10,2 | ↘ 9,4 | ↘ 9,3 | ↘ 8,8 | ↘ 8,7 |
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | |||
| ↗ 8,9 | ↘ 8,5 | ↘ 8,4 | ↘ 8,2 | ↘ 8,0 | ↗ 8,1 | |||
| Natural population growth (per 1000 population, the sign (-) means natural population decline) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
| 12,8 | ↘ 11,6 | ↘ 11,1 | ↘ 4,4 | ↘ 1,9 | ↗ 4,5 | ↗ 4,6 | ↗ 7,0 | ↗ 8,3 |
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | |||
| ↘ 8,2 | ↗ 8,7 | ↗ 8,9 | ↗ 9,2 | → 9,2 | → 9,2 | |||
National composition
The North Caucasus Federal District is the only district in which Russians (and Slavs in general) do not constitute the overwhelming majority of the population (less than a third). In six of the seven regions of the district, the titular nation predominates over the Russians; in Ingushetia, the Russians occupy only third place after the Ingush and Chechens, and in Dagestan - eighth. The only region in the North Caucasus Federal District, the majority of the population of which is Russian, is the Stavropol Territory.
According to the 2010 population census in six republics of the North Caucasus (Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic) 621,887 people identified their nationality as Russian. In total, 6,606,378 people answered the question about nationality in these republics, so the share of Russians in the republics of the North Caucasus was less than 9.41% of those who determined their nationality.
According to the results of the 2010 census, according to Rosstat, the ethnic composition of the district is as follows: Total - 9,428,826 people.
- Russians - 2,854,040 (30.26%)
- Chechens - 1,335,857 (14.17%)
- Avars - 865,348 (9.18%)
- Dargins - 541,552 (5.74%)
- Kabardians - 502,817 (5.33%)
- Ossetians - 481,492 (5.11%)
- Kumyks - 466,769 (4.95%)
- Ingush - 418,996 (4.44%)
- Lezgins - 396,408 (4.2%)
- Karachais - 211,122 (2.39%)
- Armenians - 190,825 (2.02%)
- Laksy - 166,526 (1.77%)
- Azerbaijanis - 155,394 (1.65%)
- Tabasarans - 127,941 (1.36%)
- Balkars - 110,215 (1.17%)
- Nogais - 82,026 (0.87%)
- Circassians - 61,409 (0.65%)
- Ukrainians - 42,431 (0.45%)
- Abazins - 41,037 (0.44%)
- Greeks - 37,096 (0.39%)
- Gypsies - 36,465 (0.39%)
- Turks - 31,040 (0.33%)
- Agul - 29,979 (0.32%)
- Rutulians - 29,413 (0.31%)
- Tatars - 22,541 (0.24%)
- Georgians - 19,696 (0.21%)
- Turkmens - 15,750 (0.17%)
- Koreans - 12,551 (0.13%)
- Tsakhur - 10,215 (0.11%)
- Belarusians - 9,217 (0.10%)
- others - 170,391 (1.81%)
- did not indicate nationality - 63,022 people. (0.67%)
Languages
In terms of ethno-linguistic composition, they are dominated by the following groups and families:
- North Caucasian family - 4,532,498 people (48.07%)
- Dagestan group - 2 170 329 (23,02 %)
- Nakh group - 1,755,129 (18.61%)
- Abkhaz-Adyghe group - 607,040 (6.44%)
- Indo-European family - 3,682,392 (39.05%)
- Slavic group - 2 908 236 (30,84 %)
- Iranian group - 492,056 (5.22%)
- Armenian group - 190,826 (2.02%)
- Altai family - 1,109,244 (11.76%)
- Turkic group - 1,107,851 (11.75%)
- Kartvelian family - 19,696 (0.21%)
- Koreans - 12,551 (0.13%);
- Ural family - 5,079 (0.05%)
Ethno-linguistic composition of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District (in%, 2010):
| family or group | North Caucasian F. O. | Dagestan | Ingushetia | Kabardino-Balkaria | Karachay-Cherkessia | North Ossetia | Chechnya | Stavropol region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Caucasian family | 48,07 % | 74,42 % | 98,11 % | 58,25 % | 20,25 % | 5,18 % | 95,96 % | 3,94 % |
| Slavic group | 30,84 % | 3,64 % | 0,81 % | 23,15 % | 31,93 % | 21,23 % | 1,96 % | 81,51 % |
| Turkic group | 11,75 % | 20,91 % | 0,27 % | 15,14 % | 45,04 % | 3,56 % | 1,70 % | 3,80 % |
| Iranian group | 5,22 % | 0,08 % | 0,03 % | 1,19 % | 0,72 % | 64,58 % | 0,05 % | 0,53 % |
| Armenian group | 2,02 % | 0,17 % | 0,00 % | 0,58 % | 0,57 % | 2,28 % | 0,04 % | 5,79 % |
Big cities
The largest city in the North Caucasian Federal District is , several more cities ( , ) are also larger than the administrative center of the district - Pyatigorsk, which makes it the only center of the federal district in Russia that is not the largest settlement in the district (although Pyatigorsk is logistics center KavMinVody, the largest agglomeration in the North Caucasus Federal District).
Settlements with a population of more than 50 thousand people
|
Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District
- Khloponin, Alexander Gennadievich from January 19, 2010 to May 12, 2014
- Melikov, Sergey Alimovich from May 12, 2014 to July 28, 2016
- Belaventsev, Oleg Evgenievich from July 28, 2016 to June 26, 2018
- Matovnikov, Alexander Anatolyevich from June 26, 2018
see also
- North Caucasus economic region
Notes
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District” in its original version
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2000 No. 1149 “Issues of ensuring the activities of the offices of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in federal districts”
- Kommersant-Gazeta - Kazantsev made a throw to the south
- A new federal district was formed by Presidential Decree - www.kremlin.ru
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 19, 2010 No. 82 “On introducing amendments to the list of federal districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 “Issues of the system and structures of federal executive authorities" // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 2010. - No. 10, 01/21/2010. // on kremlin.ru
- Gritchin, Nikolay Alexander Khloponin will work in the dietary canteen. Izvestia (04/09/10). Retrieved April 10, 2010. Archived August 24, 2011.
- Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (.xlsx). federal Service state statistics(March 2, 2018). - Official statistics. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
- Gross regional product per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
- Georgia and most countries of the world do not recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, counting Russian border with these countries parts of the Russian-Georgian border.
- The border with Georgia and Azerbaijan does not always coincide with the Main Caucasus Range
- Population census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements(Russian) . Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 26, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- Number permanent population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2013
- Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural increase population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- Life expectancy at birth, years, year, indicator value per year, entire population, both sexes
- Life expectancy at birth
- Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in relation to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individual nationalities
- All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
- Features of the CMS region - website of the Caucasian Administration Mineralnye Vody
- Population by municipalities of the Stavropol Territory as of January 1, 2018 // Management website Federal service state statistics for the North Caucasus Federal District (North Caucasusstat). - Date of access: 04/27/2015.
Links
- skfo.gov.ru, kavkaz.rf, skfo.rf - official website of the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District
- “He will come and silently fix everything” - analytical article - Lenta.ru (01/20/2010)
- Novitsky I. Ya. Managing the ethnopolitics of the North Caucasus. - Krasnodar, 2011. - 270 p.
Administrative-territorial composition of the Southern Federal District: Republics of Adygea, Kalmykia. Krasnodar region. Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions. The administrative center is Rostov-on-Don.
Administrative and territorial composition of the North Caucasus Federal District: republics: Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetia - Mania, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechen. Stavropol region.
Territory— 589.2 thousand km 2
Population— 22.9 million people.
Administrative center- Pyatigorsk.
The North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) is a new district of the Russian Federation, created on January 19, 2010 by special Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 82 of January 19, 2010 “On amendments to the list of federal districts approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 . No. 849, and in Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 “Issues of the system and structure of federal executive authorities.”
In fact, the North Caucasus was separated from the Southern Federal District. The creation of the North Caucasus Federal District should contribute to accelerated development southern territories Russia and solving economic and ethnopolitical problems.
It should be noted that upon its formation, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 of May 13, 2000, the district was named North Caucasian, but already on June 21 of the same year, by decree No. 1149 it was renamed Yuzhny. The renaming was motivated by geographical reasons: the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions and Kalmykia do not belong to the North Caucasus. The Rostov region is classified conditionally.
Currently, the Southern Federal District includes the subjects of the Federation belonging to the North Caucasus economic region, as well as the territory Lower Volga region(Republic of Kalmykia. Astrakhan and Volgograd regions), which, according to the current zoning grid, belongs to the Volga economic region.
The territory of the North Caucasus Federal District is included according to the economic zoning grid into the North Caucasus economic region.
Let us characterize the features of the location and development of the productive forces of these districts in certain territories: the North Caucasus economic region and the Lower Volga region.
Southern Federal District
Southern Federal District (center - Rostov-on-Don) occupies the south of the East European Plain, the Ciscaucasia and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, accounting for approximately 3.5% of the country's territory. The landscapes of the territory are varied - semi-desert and steppe plains, mountain ranges, stormy mountain (Terek) and calm lowland (Don, Kuban) rivers, subtropical oases, snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains.
The Southern Federal District is one of the most densely populated in Russia. It concentrates 15% of the country's population. The district is one of the most multinational. More than 40 peoples live here, belonging mainly to the Slavic, Nakh-Dagestan and Turkic groups. The clash of dissimilar cultures belonging to different civilizations, the administrative-territorial division of the republics, deportation(forced relocation) of many North Caucasian peoples, military operations in the region for two centuries - all this, of course, influenced the severity interethnic conflicts in the region.
By natural features The territory of the district can be divided into four parts: flat steppe, foothill, mountain and lower Volga.
Plain steppe territory extends from the Don River to the valleys of the Kuban and Terek rivers. This is the main agricultural region, the main granary of Russia. In this area there is practically no surviving natural landscapes. Natural and anthropogenic agricultural landscapes, in which natural vegetation has been largely replaced by crops.
The plowed area of steppe landscapes reaches 90%. Mainly grains and industrial crops are grown here.
Due to the fact that the forest cover of agricultural land is slightly more than 3% instead of 5-6% according to accepted standards, the agricultural landscapes of the steppe zone of the district have become very unstable, i.e., susceptible to active soil erosion (destruction), siltation of small rivers, and pollution of water bodies.
The agro-industrial complex of the Southern District occupies a leading role in the country's economy, determines the specialization of mechanical engineering - the production of agricultural machinery (Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Millerovo, Krasnodar), technological equipment for the agro-industrial complex (Krasnodar, Stavropol), as well as the chemical industry - production nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and pesticides (Nevinnomyssk, Belorechensk).
Food industry has also developed everywhere and specializes in the processing of various agricultural raw materials, vegetables and fruits, the production of meat, butter, flour, cereals (Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Novocherkassk, etc.).
Shipbuilding development in the district is associated with the implementation of the “Revival of the Russian Fleet” program, which provides for the construction of river-sea vessels, tankers, and dry cargo ships (Astrakhan, Volgograd).
Fuel and energy complex specializes in the oil (Dagestan, Groznenskoye, Stavropol, Krasnodar fields), gas (Kubano-Priazovskoye, Stavropol fields, as well as fields in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions) and coal industry (eastern ring of Donbass in Rostov region) (see atlas map).
Oil refineries are located in Krasnodar, Maikop, Tuapse.
Transport engineering(Novocherkassk) specializes in the production of electric locomotives.
Despite the construction of powerful thermal power plants and the presence of hydroelectric power stations, the region experiences a constant shortage of electricity.
Recreational complex North Caucasus uses unique natural conditions and regional resources.
On Black Sea coast famous resorts are located: Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Sochi. Subtropical climate, plenty of sun, sea bathing, mud and hydrotherapy, brought here from all over the world globe vegetation attracts many tourists and vacationers.
Caucasian [Mineralnye Vody] region unites the balneological resorts of Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk and is famous for such attractions as the “Castle of Treachery and Love”, “Temple of Air”, “ Blue Lakes", "Dombay", "Blue Stones", State Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontov.
Environmental problems of the lower Volga. Volga is the most long river in Europe. Its length from the source to the Caspian Sea is 3530 km.
The modern Volga is actually a chain of huge reservoirs, turning into one another. It is regulated by cascades of eight hydroelectric power stations. Only from Volgograd to the Caspian Sea has the Volga retained its natural flow.
The construction of hydroelectric power stations and the creation of reservoirs made it difficult natural processes self-purification of water in the river. Petroleum products, lead salts, and sulfur compounds can be found in it. The way out of this situation is to limit industrial waste, install filters, and build treatment facilities- they don’t give it yet desired results. This problem is especially acute in the lower reaches of the Volga.
Ecological situation in Volga delta is assessed by experts as catastrophic. In its lower reaches they accumulate harmful substances from all over drainage basin rivers. 8-9 km 3 of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater is discharged into the Volga annually, which is almost equal to the volume of the Tsimlyansk reservoir.
Of all the hydroelectric power stations, only the Volgograd and Saratov hydroelectric power stations have devices for fish passage. However, they are low-power and require reconstruction. Cascades of hydroelectric power stations reduce water flow, which leads to the death of fish. IN last years control over enterprises discharging harmful substances into the river has been tightened. However, the Volga water still contains heavy metals, petroleum products, pesticides, detergents exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). This is especially alarming because the waters of the lower Volga are rich in fish (sturgeon, perch, herring, smelt, carp, pike).
Caspian Sea- the most large lake in the world (368 thousand km 2). Yours modern name it received in honor of the ancient Caspian tribes (horse breeders) who lived in the 1st century. BC e. on its coast. Most low level Caspian Sea (-29 m) was registered by scientists in 1997. Since 1998, the water level began to rise, currently it has reached -27 m.
Many scientists are studying the problem of water level fluctuations in the Caspian Sea. According to a number of experts, main reason- climatic, and it is associated with a decrease in solar activity and, as a consequence, a decrease in the evaporation of water from the surface of the lake. The average salinity of water in the lake is 11‰, i.e., each liter of water contains 11 g of salt (in the Azov Sea - 10-12 g, in the Black Sea - from 17 to 22 g).
The flora of the lake is represented by more than 700 species of algae, including green and blue-green. The wealth of the Caspian Sea is sturgeon and salmon species of fish.
To restore stocks of especially valuable sturgeon fish in the lower reaches of the Volga, eight sturgeon hatcheries were built, where sturgeon fry are grown from eggs (Aleksandrovsky, Volgogradsky, Lebyazhiy).
North Caucasus economic region
Composition of the district(ten subjects of the federation) - republics: Adygea, Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetia - Alania, Ingushetia, Chechen, Dagestan; Krasnodar, Stavropol territories; Rostov region.
The area stands out among others due to the presence maximum quantity republics in its composition (seven republics).
Conditions of a developed economy. The main wealth of the region is its agroclimatic potential. There are optimal combinations of climatic and soil conditions for growing most cultivated plants temperate zone, as well as for the development of almost all sectors of livestock farming.
The region provides itself with coal from the deposits of the eastern wing of Donbass. There are oil reserves good quality, gas, non-ferrous metal ores (lead, zinc, tungsten and molybdenum, copper, mercury). There are also significant resources of non-metallic raw materials (barite, rock salt, gypsum, marls, dolomites).
Combination climate resources With mountainous terrain, warm sea creates conditions for the development of resorts and different types tourism.
Population. This is the only region of the country where the population tends to stabilize. In many republics of the region, a fairly high natural increase has remained, and the territories of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Rostov Region are the main regions for receiving migrants not only from the national republics of the region, but from all over post-Soviet space. Average density population is relatively high - 50 people/km 2 .
The national composition is very diverse; for example, it is believed that more than 130 nationalities live in Dagestan. Representatives of the North Caucasus stand out language family(Adygs, Circassians, Kabardians, Ingush, Chechens, Avars, Laks, Dargins, Lezgins, etc.). Representatives also live in the republics Turkic group Altai language family (Karachais, Balkars, Nogais, Kumyks). Ossetians belong to Iranian group Indo-European language family. Russians have a predominant importance in the region as a whole (62%), but their share in national republics decreases from the west (Adygea - 68%) to the east (Dagestan - 9%). Among Slavic peoples the percentage of Ukrainians is high.
The urban population is approaching 10 million people, or more than 55% of total number(lowest in the Russian Federation). Largest cities: Rostov-on-Don (1 million people), Krasnodar (640 thousand people). Rural settlements numerous. Lowland areas are characterized by very large villages (more than 25-30 thousand people).
The North Caucasus region as a whole is provided with labor resources.
Farming. The role of the North Caucasus region in the country’s economic complex is determined by agro-industrial complex and a recreational complex.
Agro-industrial complex. The region occupies a leading position in the country as the largest producer of rice, sunflowers, corn, grapes, tea, fruits and berries, and wool. It stands out for the production of grain crops (Krasnodar region produces more than 10% of Russian grain) and sugar beets (2nd place in the country), vegetables (4th place), milk (5th place), meat (4th place) . Almost all agricultural products are processed locally. In some cases, enterprise capacity Food Industry so large that they allow the use of not only local raw materials (for example, the sugar industry processes imported raw sugar).
Industry. IN Soviet time the district was one of the largest in the country in terms of agricultural engineering(Rostov, Taganrog, Krasnodar), but the economic crisis sharply reduced the performance of this industry. Among other areas of mechanical engineering, production of electric locomotives (Novocherkassk), nuclear reactors(Volgodonsk), steam boilers (Taganrog). Equipment for the food and chemical industries is produced in small numbers.
Currently the leading position is occupied by chemistry(fertilizers - Nevinnomyssk, Belorechensk, organic chemistry- Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, Budennovsk, Volgodonsk).
The electric power industry is mainly represented by large thermal power plants. In connection with the commissioning of the Rostov NPP in 2001, the importance of nuclear energy has sharply increased.
Transport. The transit position of the area determines the development of almost all types of transport. The largest oil loading port in Russia, Novorossiysk, is located in the region. Roads and railways pass through the area, connecting the country with the south of Ukraine, Georgia, and via a ferry with Turkey.
Basic problems and development prospects. Analysis of modern economic situation Russia shows a clearly expressed trend of declining production volumes in most sectors of the economy. In the North Caucasus, this trend, common to all regions, is exacerbated by the complex political situation, armed conflicts. The cessation of hostilities in the region, the establishment of peace and stability in the region is the main task of further economic and social development North Caucasus economic region.
Development prospects include the most effective use of favorable natural and climatic factors of the region’s balneological resources for the development of resort areas and turning them into resorts of world importance, areas of domestic and foreign tourism.
Lower Volga region
This is the northern part of the Southern Federal District, covering the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. The region has access to the Caspian Sea. The main industries of specialization are oil production and oil refining, gas industry. In addition, the Volga region is the main region for catching valuable sturgeon fish, one of the most important regions for growing grain crops, sunflowers, mustard, vegetables and melons, and a major supplier of wool, meat, and fish.
. Natural resource potential differs in variety. A significant area is occupied by the Volga Valley, which passes into the Caspian Lowland in the south. Special place occupies the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, composed of river sediments, favorable for agriculture.
Creation in the Volga basin large industry polluting its waters, the intensive development of river transport, agriculture that uses large volumes of mineral fertilizers, a significant part of which is washed into the Volga, the construction of hydroelectric power stations has an impact negative impact on the river and creates a zone in this area environmental disaster. The region's water resources are significant, but unevenly distributed. In this regard, there is a shortage of water resources in the interior regions, especially in Kalmykia. The region has oil and gas resources in the Volgograd region - Zhirnovskoye, Korobkovskoye, the largest gas condensate field is located in the Astrakhan region, on the basis of which a gas industrial complex is being formed.
In the Caspian lowland there are resources in lakes Baskunchak and Elton table salt; These lakes are also rich in bromine, iodine, and magnesium salts.
Population. The population of the Volga region is distinguished by its diverse national composition. Significant specific gravity In the structure of the population in the Republic of Kalmykia, Kalmyks occupy 45.4%. In the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, with a predominance of the Russian population, Kazakhs, Tatars, and Ukrainians live. The population of the Volga region is characterized by its high concentration in regional centers and the capital of the republic. The population of Volgograd exceeds a million inhabitants. The most low density population in Kalmykia, here is the smallest share of the urban population.
Economy of the region. Oil and gas are produced in the region. The largest is the Astrakhan gas condensate field, where natural gas is produced and processed.
Oil refineries and petrochemical plants are located in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. The largest enterprise is the Volgograd Oil Refinery. The Astrakhan region has significant prospects for the development of the petrochemical industry based on the use of hydrocarbon fractions from the Astrakhan field.
The region's electric power industry is represented by the Volgograd hydroelectric power station and thermal power plants.
The region has a developed engineering complex: shipbuilding centers - Astrakhan, Volgograd; agricultural engineering is represented by a large tractor plant in Volgograd; chemical and petroleum engineering is developed in the Astrakhan region.
Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy is developed in Volgograd, the largest enterprises are OJSC Volzhsky Pipe Plant and an aluminum plant. The vast resources of salt lakes have led to the development salt industry, which provides 25% of the country's need for food-grade salt and other valuable chemical products.
In the Lower Volga region it is developed fishing industry, the main enterprise of the industry is the fishing concern "Kaspryba", which includes a caviar and balyk association, a number of large fish processing plants, a base navy, fishing fleet (“Kasprybkholod-fleet”), leading expeditionary fishing in the Caspian Sea. The concern also includes a fish hatchery for the production of juvenile sturgeon and a net knitting factory. In agricultural production, areas of specialization are the cultivation of vegetables and melons, sunflowers; in livestock farming - sheep breeding.
Transport and economic relations. The Volga region exports crude oil and petroleum products, gas, tractors, fish, grain, vegetables and melons, etc. Imports timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, products light industry. The Volga region has a developed transport network that provides high-capacity cargo flows.
The region has developed river, railway and pipeline transport.
Intradistrictdifferences. The Lower Volga region includes the Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and Kalmykia. The Lower Volga region is a subdistrict developed industry— mechanical engineering, chemical, food. At the same time, it is an important agricultural region with developed grain farming, beef cattle and sheep farming, as well as the production of rice, vegetables and melons, and fishing.
The main centers of the Lower Volga region are Volgograd (developed mechanical engineering, chemical industry), Astrakhan (shipbuilding, fishing industry, container production, various food industry), Elista (building materials industry, mechanical engineering and metalworking).
The most industrialized is Volgograd region, where mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical, food and light industries have the largest share in the diversified complex.
Main problems and development prospects. Degradation of natural forage lands, especially in Kalmykia with its system of distant-pasture livestock farming, is one of the main environmental problems region. Environmental damage caused by industrial emissions and transport to the water and fish resources of the region. The solution to the problem is possible based on the implementation of the target federal program"Caspian" the main task which is the cleaning of the Volga-Caspian water basin and an increase in the number of valuable fish species.
One of the main tasks is to equalize the levels of socio-economic development of the most backward regions of the Volga region and, first of all, Kalmykia, which has been granted a number of benefits in taxation and financing. The development prospects of this republic are associated with the expansion of oil and gas production, in particular on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Oil Company (COC) has been created, which will engage in exploration and development oil fields in a number of promising areas of the sea shelf.