Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan) is a state in South Asia. Pakistan emerged as a sovereign political organization in 1947 as a result of the partition of British India. The name "Pakistan" literally means "land of the pure" in Urdu and Persian language. Gained independence from Great Britain in 1947.
It is washed by the waters of the Arabian Sea in the south, bordered by Iran in the southwest, Afghanistan in the northwest and north, China in the northeast and India in the east. Land borders: India - 2912 km, Afghanistan - 2430 km, Iran - 909 km, China - 523 km.
Territory - 803,940 km² (34th place in the world).
Population – 207 million 775 thousand people (6th place in the world).
The official language is Urdu, English. Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, and Pashto are spoken in the provinces.
The capital is Islamabad.
Large cities: Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad.
The currency is the Pakistani rupee. Introduced in 1948 to replace the Indian rupee.
The flag of Pakistan is a dark green cloth with a white stripe at the flagpole and a white crescent with a five-pointed star. Green color, as is known, is the color of the Islam religion. Pakistan is an Islamic republic, and the majority of the country's population professes Islam, mainly Sunnism, and to a lesser extent Shiism. White color is a symbol of purity.
The coat of arms of Pakistan is a shield that symbolizes the agriculture of Pakistan, within which are depicted the four main crops of the country: cotton, wheat, tea and jute. Above the shield are a crescent moon and a five-pointed star, which are symbols of Islam and the history of Pakistan. The shield is surrounded by a wreath of white jasmine woven in the form of a Mughal painting pattern, which is national plant Pakistan. The wreath design emphasizes the Mughals (i.e. Baburids), who left a significant mark on the cultural and historical heritage Pakistan. At the bottom of the wreath is a scroll inscribed with the national motto of Pakistan in Urdu - “Iman, Ittihad, Nazm” (Faith, Unity, Discipline).
Pakistan - Interesting Facts:
- Pakistan is home to the largest deep-sea port "Gwadar", the world's largest man-made forest "Changa Manga", the highest railroad station Asia has the world's largest irrigation system and 25 national parks.
- Ranikot, the world's largest fortress, is located in Pakistan. The perimeter of the fortress walls is 29 km, diameter – 6 km. The fortress was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List in 1993.
- Four out of five of all footballs on Earth are made in Pakistan. The country is concentrated the best specialists and the best equipment for the production of soccer balls; very high quality requirements are imposed on the manufactured products (up to 7 stars).
- Pakistan is part of the so-called nuclear club”, that is, a small coalition of countries that own nuclear weapons.
- Pakistan has the second highest Mountain peak in the world - Chogori. Its peak rises to a height of 8611 meters.
- The deserts of Balochistan are considered the driest places on Earth.
- There are two in this country official languages- Urdu and English, but in reality Pakistanis practically do not speak English. In total there are about sixty in use here different languages and dialects.
- Pakistan is poor country. A fifth of the population lives below the international poverty level (US$1.25 per day).
- 97% of Pakistan's population is Muslim. Just over 1.5% of the population are Christians.
- All new laws in Pakistan are checked against the Quran.
- At the same time, Pakistan ranks 7th in the world in terms of the number of scientists.
- The national cuisine of Pakistan is a mixture of Indo-Aryan and Muslim culinary traditions. For thousands of years, the staple food of the Indus Valley was wheat and rice, and there are many varieties of flatbread.
- The most popular drink in Pakistan is strong black tea with milk.
- Tourists who have a stamp in their passport indicating that they have crossed the Israeli border will not be allowed into Pakistan.
- Alcohol is strictly prohibited in Pakistan.
- In Pakistan, there is a tradition of “bacha pash” - raising a girl like a boy. This method is resorted to when only girls are born in a family, which is considered a shameful phenomenon. "Bacha Pash" is given male name, cut their hair short, dress in men's clothing. Such a girl can appear in public, play sports and attend school. But already at the onset of the first menstruation, the “bacha pash” loses all his male privileges and returns to normal women's life and gets married.
- In 1968, the Pakistani Foreign Minister visited China and presented Mao Zedong with a box of mangoes. Mao sent it to workers who were called to Tsinghua University to pacify the hostility between two groups of Red Guards. The workers had never seen a mango before and considered the leader’s gift almost sacred. The fruits were distributed to factories and carefully kept untouched, and at one factory, a mango that had begun to rot was boiled in a large amount of water and each employee was given a taste of this stew. For many years, a real mango cult reigned in China, firmly associated with the personality of Mao.
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brief information
Pakistan has fascinating story. Once upon a time, one of the most ancient civilizations in the world was formed in the Indus River Valley. Pakistan was at the crossroads of the trade route between India, China and Ancient Rome. Unfortunately, due to religious and political situation It is not very safe for residents of Christian countries to travel around Pakistan. We hope that someday tourists will be safe in Pakistan, and they will be able to see with their own eyes the ancient monuments of this country.
Geography of Oman
Pakistan is located at the crossroads of South, Central and West Asia. Pakistan borders India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. In the south, Pakistan is washed by the Arabian Sea. total area this country – 803,940 sq. km., and the total length state border– 6,774 km
The plains are in the coastal regions of southern Pakistan, and in the southeast is the Thar Desert. In the west and north-west of the country are the ranges of the Iranian Plateau, and in the north are the mountain systems of the Karakoram, Himalayas and Hindu Kush. The highest point in Pakistan is Mount Chogori, whose height reaches 8,611 meters.
One of the most important rivers flows through the territory of Pakistan. big rivers Asia - Ind. In summer, many Pakistani rivers overflow their banks due to rain and melting glaciers.
Capital
The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad, which is now home to more than 1.2 million people. Archaeologists believe that people lived on the territory of modern Islamabad 6 thousand years ago.
Official language of Pakistan
Pakistan has two official languages - Urdu and English, and 7 regional languages (Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Pashto, Saraiki, Hindku and Brahu).
Religion
About 97% of Pakistan's population is Muslim, the vast majority of them Sunni.
State structure
According to the current Constitution of 1972, Pakistan is a parliamentary republic where the state religion is Islam. Its head is the President, elected for 5 years.
The parliament in Pakistan consists of two chambers - the Senate (100 senators) and the National Assembly (342 deputies).
Basic political parties in Pakistan – “Pakistani people's party", "Pakistan Labor Party", "Pakistan Muslim League".
Climate and weather
The climate in Pakistan ranges from tropical to temperate. Summer (including September) most of The territory of Pakistan is subject to monsoons - due to the rains there are often floods. The average air temperature is +23.9C. The tallest average temperature air temperature is observed in July (+41C), and the lowest is in January and December (+5C). The average annual precipitation is 489 mm.
Rivers and lakes
One of the largest rivers in Asia, the Indus, flows through Pakistan. In summer, many rivers overflow their banks due to rain and melting glaciers, which leads to floods. Some reservoirs have very beautiful waterfalls.
One of the most beautiful lakes in Pakistan is the freshwater Kinjhar Lake, located near the city of Thatta.
Culture
The culture of Pakistan has its origins in the depths of centuries. Islam had (and continues to have) a decisive influence on it. However, even before the advent of Islam, the territory of Pakistan became the birthplace of some ancient civilizations (in the Indus River Valley). Pakistan was conquered by the ancient Greeks, Persians, Huns, Arabs, and Turks. However, Pakistanis have always maintained their cultural traditions.
All Muslim holidays are celebrated in Pakistan - Ramadan, Nowruz, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, etc.
Kitchen
Pakistan's cuisine is as diverse as its population. It is safe to say that Pakistani cuisine is influenced by Indian, Turkic, Afghan and Iranian culinary traditions. The main food products are meat, vegetables, lentils, wheat, rice, and dairy products. Spices are very common in Pakistan. IN last years V big cities Some Chinese and American dishes are beginning to gain popularity.
Traditional non-alcoholic drinks in Pakistan are tea (sometimes with cardamom and nutmeg added), cool yogurt lassi drink, sorbets, and fruit drinks.
Sights of Oman
Preserved in ancient Pakistan a large number of monuments of history, archeology and culture, dating back to the time of Alexander the Great. It's hard to choose the best ones. However, the Top 10 most interesting sights of Pakistan, in our opinion, may include the following:
- Mongkho Pir Temple near Karachi
- Shah Jehani Mosque in Tata
- Mausoleum of Quaidi Azam in Karachi
- Ranikot Fort in Hyderabad district
- Fort at Umarkot
- Mazum Shah Minaret in Sukkur
- War Mubarak Shrine in Rohri
- Badshahi Mosque in Lahore
- Archaeological complex of Mohenjodaro
- Mausoleums of Ali-Ashab in Bahawalpur
Cities and resorts
The largest cities in Pakistan are Karachi, Faisalabad, Lahore, and the capital is Islamabad.
There are several dozen ski and mountain climate resorts in Pakistan. In addition, Pakistanis love to relax on the shores of lakes and on the coast of the Arabian Sea (for example, Lake Kinjhar). The center of active recreation (climbing and mountaineering) in Pakistan is Concordia, which is located in the Karakoram mountain system.
Most tourists who come to Pakistan go there to conquer mountains 7-8 thousand meters high.
Souvenirs/shopping
Travelers from Pakistan bring women's scarves, Punjabi ceramics, embroidered bed linen, black onyx items, Jewelry, wooden chess, boxes, pakul (men's headdress), traditional Pakistani clothes, “Khussa” (traditional shoes), carpets.
Office hours
The Pakistani Foreign Minister visited and presented Mao Zedong with a box of mangoes. Mao sent it to workers who were called to Tsinghua University to pacify the hostility between two groups of Red Guards. The workers had never seen a mango before and considered the leader’s gift almost sacred. The fruits were distributed to factories and carefully kept untouched, and at one factory, a mango that had begun to rot was boiled in a large amount of water and each employee was given a taste of this stew. For many years, a real mango cult reigned in China, firmly associated with the personality of Mao: plastic copies of the fruit were sold in stores, giant replicas of it were carried in parade columns, and an image of the fruit was present on large number household items and everyday goods.
Pakistan, since its founding, has always been a multinational state, and over the past 25 years the country has been forced to accept more than 3 million (!!!) refugees. Most of them came from.
Pakistan is a terribly poor country. Firstly, there is very little fertile soil here that would satisfy the needs of the population. Only a quarter of the country's entire territory is suitable for agriculture, and even then only with the help of artificial irrigation. Secondly, British colonial rule was not in vain for the country: the British left a legacy feudal system, which assumes that all the benefits of the country are controlled by a small circle of people. The country is still ruled by rival family clans, whose intentions and power structure remain unclear to most local residents. The social insurance system simply does not exist here. Thirdly - artificial borders, a protracted conflict with due to mutual territorial disagreements, a neighboring country to the west torn apart by civil wars, and, finally, a chaotic domestic politics– all these factors do not allow Pakistan to rise from its knees and the country practically does not develop economically.
In Pakistan, the Ranikot Fort is located, where the largest fortress in the world is located. The perimeter of the walls of this fortress is 29 km, and the diameter is 6 km. Ranikot Fort is one of the most mysterious fortresses in the world. What was the purpose of creating this fortress and why it was built on this territory still remains a mystery to modern scientists.
In Afghanistan and Pakistan, there is a tradition of raising girls as boys - such children are called "bacha posh". Families in which only girls are born resort to this method, which, according to local customs, is considered almost a disgrace for the family. Bacha posh is given a man's name, dressed in boyish clothes and has her hair cut short, she has more possibilities appearing in public, going to school and playing sports. However, upon the onset of puberty, the bacha posh has to return to the life of a girl again, losing all male rights, and then get married. They often become bad spouses because they have not properly learned to cook, sew and do other work that is considered feminine.
Alcohol is strictly prohibited in Pakistan.
Geographically, Pakistan and India are located nearby, on the same peninsula. However, different religious beliefs are the reason that these countries find it extremely difficult to tolerate their mutual proximity. Pakistan, for almost a thousand years, has been a country professing Islam: this religion dominated here even when the state itself did not exist. Officially, the state of Pakistan was formed in 1947: the end of British colonial rule marked the birth of a new state, divided into two parts - West Pakistan, between and India, and East Pakistan (East Bengal), separated 1,800 kilometers from there, the territory of which is practically completely separated from India. In 1971, as a result of a short civil war, not without the participation of India, on the territory of East Pakistan was formed independent state.
Almost half of Pakistan's residents are under 15 years of age.
Nowadays, carrier pigeons are rarely used to deliver letters, but they successfully cope with other tasks. For example, in remote areas of England, pigeons deliver blood samples to hospitals. And drug traffickers launch entire flocks of pigeons to deliver heroin from Afghanistan to Pakistan.
All new laws in Pakistan are checked against the Quran.
Pakistanis love to decorate their cars and buses in all sorts of ways. Everything is used, from paint to carpets.
Pakistan produces 80% of the world's soccer balls, 75% of which are made in Sialkot (accounting for 60% of the world's total production). The factories in Pakistan have the best equipment and professional people to produce soccer balls in the world. In this country there are very high requirements for the quality of expensive soccer balls (7 stars).
The modern world, the modern behavior of people, runs counter to the thoughts and ideas of the people of Pakistan. Social media are not recognized by them at all, the use of the Internet is practically prohibited, and if it is allowed to open the network, it is only for the sake of some very necessary information. Most of the entertainment sites, educational sites, sites where people can communicate with each other and exchange opinions were closed and completely prohibited in the country. Among such sites are the popular Facebook and Youtube. They were banned because they do not contain Islamic propaganda, and they contain only what, on the contrary, goes against Islam. However, strangely, access to sites with pornography was not closed.
The word "Pakistan" means "land of the pure". “Pakistan” – few people know this – artificial word, which was invented by Cambridge student Chaudhuri Rahmat Ali. In 1931, he expressed the idea of separating several Muslim provinces from India, which should be united into a separate state. The name of the future state was collected mainly from the first letters of the names of those historical and cultural regions that, according to his plan, were to be separated from India and form a new state: “P” means “Punjab”, “A” - “Afghani” (North-West Frontier Province), "K" - "Kashmir", "I" - "Indus", "S" - "Sindh", and finally "Tan" - "Balochistan".
In the Indus Valley, highly developed cultures have existed for 5 thousand years (!!!).
It is very important for the people of Pakistan that the world understands that “Pakistani” does not equal “terrorist”. Not every Pakistani hates America and India. Like the rest of the world, many people dream of travel, education and living abroad. They don’t drive tanks through the streets here, just as they don’t keep tame bears in Siberia.
Official and national species sport in Pakistan - field hockey. However, wrestling is the most popular sport. Their team won the ICC World Cup in 1992.
The name "Islamabad" means "city of Islam". 
In Pakistan, because of a two-minute delay to class, schoolchildren must read the Quran for 8 hours (!!!).
The wealth of the former ruler, Faisal, was embodied in the greatest mosque in the world, which today bears his name. King Faisal, who visited Islamabad in 1966, was so admired by the beauty of this place that he decided to build a mosque on it, paying all the costs of its construction in full. As is known, the ruler of the world’s richest country in oil did not experience a shortage of funds. The Shah Faisal Dar is today not only the most outstanding mosque in the Muslim world, but also one of the best and most significant centers of Islamic spiritual education.
According to a 2014 World Health Organization report, the most polluted country in the world is Pakistan, with PM 2.5 pollution levels of 101 micrograms per m³. PM 2.5 pollution level measures the presence of pollution fine particles diameter 2.5 micrometers or less. Pakistan's pollution results in an estimated 80,000 hospitalizations, in addition to five million cases of lower respiratory illnesses among children under five years of age. Pollution in Pakistan also causes thousands of adult deaths every year and is responsible for an estimated 8,000 cases of chronic bronchitis. The pollutants that make up Pakistan's pollution are particles such as smoke, pollen, mold and dirt.
The territory of Pakistan in the 3rd - 2nd centuries BC was the center of the Indus civilization - one of the oldest in human history and the largest territorially at that time.
While the construction of Islamabad was underway, the role administrative center Pakistan was played by Rawalpindi - the residence of the head of state and numerous government buildings were located there.
Lahore is home to three of the most significant landmarks of the Islamic world: the Fort, the Badshahi Mosque and the Shalimar Gardens. The impressive gardens of Shalimar, along with the gardens of Srinagar, are unparalleled in the Indian subcontinent.
Today, the largest manufacturer of bagpipes is Pakistan, exporting instruments throughout the world, including to Scotland itself.
Despite the fact that this country is called the most dangerous country in the world, according to the British magazine " The Economist", the tourism industry is growing in Pakistan every year. Thus, Pakistan becomes less dangerous for tourists to visit.
The Karakoram Highway passes through the Khunjerab Pass in the north-east of the country - the most high mountain road in the world, which was built along the ancient route of the Great Silk Road.
Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan, many times larger in population than other cities in the country. From 1947 to 1959 it was the capital of the state. In 2013, it was named the cheapest city to live in the world. However, Karachi, of course, cannot boast of a high level of comfort: there are a lot of people, unfinished buildings, garbage on the streets, and no metro.
Pakistan has the second largest Muslim population in the world. Is second after .
The Empress Market got its name from Queen Victoria, who bore the title “Empress of India” until her death in 1901.
Karachi remains the center of the cult of Zarathustra today. In this strange sect, the dead are laid out on the tops of towers and hills to be pecked by birds.
Pakistan is a nuclear power.
The Pakistani army ranks 7th in the world in terms of the number of military personnel. Throughout the history of this country, it has more than once become the force that overthrew a democratically elected government and brought representatives of its high command to power.
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Local philanthropist Abd-us-Sattar Edhi founded the largest voluntary ambulance organization in the world a year after the formation of the state of Pakistan. The service provides free medical examinations, soup kitchens, training for nurses, and funeral arrangements.
French Beach in Karachi can only be visited by foreigners and very few Pakistanis. Here women are allowed to swim in bikinis - a liberty that is unacceptable in other places in this country, known for religious prohibitions.
Clifton in the south of Karachi is a very relaxing place wealthy people. This best area city, which is a magnificent coastal resort.
The Indus Valley is the birthplace of an ancient highly developed civilization, which at that time had no equal on the entire Earth. Today it is considered proven that this ancient civilization did not have direct contacts with the contemporary civilizations of the Sumerians and Egyptians. Their writing is completely different.
Prodigy Shofan Thobani from Pakistan became a Microsoft Certified Professional at the age of eight.
Pakistan is the only country in the world that has never been recognized as an independent state.
Nowadays, the soil in the Indus Valley is fertile only thanks to cleverly carried out reclamation, but 5 thousand years ago the inhabitants of the Indus Valley did not have to incur special costs in order to provide themselves with food. The prevailing climate here and the large amount of precipitation made it possible to obtain high yields, without any additional tricks.
The Indus River is navigable only in its middle reaches.
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On our planet there is a sea route approximately 32,000 km long, which is 80% of the length of the equator, along which you can sail without ever changing direction. The line starts on the Kamchatka Peninsula, passes the Aleutian Islands along Pacific Ocean, then through the Drake Passage along the Atlantic Ocean, then between the east coast of Africa and ending in Pakistan.
Not far from northern current Indus is the city of Peshawar. The gloomy fame and wealth of this city was brought by the large-scale trade in weapons, which local figures, in the second half of the twentieth century, sold to neighboring Afghanistan.
Tourists who have a border crossing stamp in their international passport will not be allowed into Pakistan.
K-2 is the second highest mountain peak in the world, distinguished by its almost perfect cone-shaped shape. The mountain is covered with snow throughout the year. Climbing K-2 is an expensive endeavor: the Pakistani Ministry of Culture and Sports needs to pay US$9,000 and a deposit.
King George VI, as head of the country, was at war with However, technically he remained the head of the neutral and was forced to sign credentials German ambassadors. And in 1947, during the Indian-Pakistani conflict, George VI generally found himself at war with himself, since he was the head of these two states.
The Karakoram mountain system is the largest glacier-covered area on Earth that is not part of the polar zone. This mountain system represents the western end of the Himalayas. From geological calculations it follows that the Himalayas arose approximately 55 million (!!!) years ago. Nowhere else in the world is there such a high concentration of mountains, with a height of about 8,000 meters.
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Between India in the east and Afghanistan in the west, it is located modern state Pakistan. The sights of this country are very diverse. These are fortresses and mosques, ruins of ancient cities, interesting museums and numerous natural objects. Pakistan is still poorly explored by tourists, but this makes it even more attractive and colorful.
General information about the country
Pakistan is an Asian state that gained independence in 1947. Its name is artificial, it was proposed by an Arab student at Cambridge University.
Modern Pakistan is a federation consisting of four provinces. The country is headed by a president who must be a Muslim. State religion Sunni Islam is recognized. Pakistan has the sixth largest population in the world. The army, by the way, has enormous authority in the political arena in the state, which was formed during several wars with India and others
Pakistan today has a population of about 200 million people. Largest cities: Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad. The capital is the city of Islamabad.
Modern Pakistan is an industrial-agrarian power, in whose economic structure agriculture occupies an important place. Hydroelectric power is also very developed here and light industry. Pakistani culture is based on rich Muslim traditions. True, the era of centuries-old British rule also left its mark on it.
Pakistan: 9 interesting facts
Many of us know almost nothing about Pakistan. We bring to your attention nine facts about this country that will surprise you:
Pakistan, attractions: photos and list of the most visited places
The number of travelers wishing to visit this little-known country is only increasing every year. And this is not surprising. Color, deep traditions, delicious cuisine and Pakistan's diverse attractions attract tourists who are already fed up with traditional European routes.
Numerous historical and architectural monuments are located in the largest cities of the country - Karachi and Lahore. Listed below are the most visited attractions in Pakistan (list includes top 10 tourist spots):
- Lahore Fort.
- Ruins of Mohenjo-Daro.
- Mausoleum of Jinnah.
- Shalimar Gardens.
- Faisal Mosque.
- Badshahi Mosque.
- Baltit fortress.
- Hannah Lake.
- Nur Mahal Palace.
- Freer Hall Cathedral.
Mausoleum of Jinnah in Karachi
Jinnah's mausoleum can perhaps be called one of the main symbols of the Pakistani people. After all, it was built in honor of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of Pakistani statehood. It was thanks to his efforts and unique political sense that this state emerged. The mausoleum is a massive building made of white marble 43 meters high. The founder of the nation is buried inside it. Hundreds of Pakistanis come to Jinnah's grave every day.
What other attractions of Pakistan can you highlight?
Mohenjo-daro - “dead city” in Sindh province
Faisal Mosque
The sights of Pakistan are, first of all, beautiful mosques. One of them is located in Islamabad. This is the Faisal Mosque, which is considered one of the largest in the world. Externally, the structure resembles a huge tent that can accommodate up to 300 thousand people!
Construction of the mosque lasted ten years under the leadership of a Turkish architect, but with funds from Saudi Arabia. The shrine was named in honor of King Faisal from the state that sponsored the construction. The Faisal Mosque is especially picturesque at night, when its walls and minarets are bathed in bright lights.
Baltit Fortress
The sights of Pakistan are not only mausoleums and mosques. Thus, in the city of Karimabad the monumental Baltit fortress has been preserved. It was built back in the eighth century. The fort is a three-story structure on top of a hill. The first floor previously housed weapons and ammunition warehouses, and the second floor housed an observation post. On the third floor there were rooms for relaxation and reception of foreign delegations.
In the 1990s, work began on the restoration of the fort. Today this monument is a candidate for inclusion in the UNESCO Heritage List.
Lahore (Pakistan): attractions and historical monuments of the city
Lahore is the second largest city in Pakistan, the first mention of which dates back to the tenth century. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, almost on the border with India. According to demographers, almost 10 million people live in the Lahore urban agglomeration. The city has a number of interesting sights and historical monuments. Among them are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These are the Shalimakh Gardens and the Badshahi Mosque. In addition, tourists are attracted here by the Museum of Weapons, the Jalloh Natural Park and other interesting places.
The grandiose Badshahi Mosque was built in the 17th century and can accommodate up to 50 thousand believers. The structure has eight minarets, the tallest of which reach a height of 62 meters. The size of the inner courtyard of the shrine is 159 by 527 meters. The scale of the structure is truly impressive - it is the second largest mosque in the state of Pakistan.
What to see in the mosque itself? There is a small museum here that is famous for its valuable Islamic relics. In particular, in the Badshahi Mosque you can see Muhammad's first turban, as well as an impression of his foot.
The second most famous attraction in Lahore is the Shalihama Gardens. They were erected in 1642 on the orders of Emperor Shah Jahan. The gardens are located on three terraces and are decorated with ponds, waterfalls and mosaic elements. Another outstanding historical and architectural monument in the city is the Lahore Fort, built in mid-17th century century. Inside the fortress, masterpieces of Mughal architecture have been preserved - the Pearl Mosque and the Mirror Palace. During their construction, an exotic material was used - Aleppo glass.
Finally…
A curious, unusual and very controversial country is Pakistan. Many call it an artificial state formation. Indeed, this power appeared on the world map only in 1947 due to the collapse of the British Empire. The knowledge of modern Pakistan among earthlings is extremely poor, although tourists and travelers are becoming more and more interested in it.
The main attractions of Pakistan are the Lahore Fort, the Nur Mahal Palace, the Faisal and Badshahi mosques, and the Baltit fortress. In addition, there are many interesting natural sites here. For example, Khanna Lake or the safari park in Karachi attracts a large number of excursionists every year.
Basic moments
Pakistan arose relatively recently - in 1947, as a result of the partition of British India. However, despite the fact that it is a very young nation, it can boast ancient history and rich cultural heritage. A variety of Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist traditions are mixed here, as well as elements of their multifaceted cultures, the origins of which appeared more than 5 thousand years ago. Now the people of Pakistan profess Islam, which plays a primary role in social, political and cultural life countries. Literally, the name Pakistan translates as “Land of the Pure”.
Today, Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and has the second largest Muslim population after Indonesia. In addition, Pakistan is a member developing countries G33, as well as a member of the UN, WTO and the Commonwealth of Nations, which speaks of the brilliant prospects for the development of this colorful country.
Climate and weather
Most of Pakistan is dominated by a tropical monsoon climate, while in the north-west of the country the weather is shaped by a hot and humid subtropical climate. In winter in lowland areas the temperature is +12...+16 °C, in summer - +30...+35 °C. At the same time, frosts often occur in the foothill areas in winter, and in summer the thermometer often rises to +42 °C. Well, in high mountain areas frosts are possible almost at any time of the year (–12...–16 °C).
Annual precipitation in the plains is 100–400 mm, and in the mountains - 1000–1500 mm. The year is conventionally divided into three seasons: winter (October - March), summer (April - June) and rainy season (July - September).
In addition, powerful winds are common in Pakistan, which bring dusty and hot air masses in summer and cold in winter. Such contrasting conditions lead to the fact that weather V different regions countries vary significantly.
The best time to travel to Pakistan depends directly on the intended area.
Nature
Pakistan lies in the basin of the Indus River, which flows into Central Asia. The southern part of the country is washed by the Arabian Sea, which here has formed slightly indented and low shores. The entire territory of Pakistan is divided into three natural-geographical regions. The northern part of the country is occupied by the high mountain systems of the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Hinduja, as well as many highlands and young mountain ranges. In the west of the country there are not very high mountain ranges Iranian Plateau (Braguch, Tobacacar, Suleiman Mountains, Siyakhan, Kirthar, Balochistan Plateau, Makran, etc.), between which lie dry basins and deep valleys. Also in this part of the country are the desert regions of Kharan, Garmser, Thal, etc. The east of Pakistan is occupied by the vast plain of the Indus River. Within the plain, three regions can be distinguished: northern Punjab (formed by the Indus and its five tributaries), Sindh (the middle and lower reaches of the Indus) and the Thar desert regions.
The natural vegetation of the country is heterogeneous and depends on the region. It is represented by coniferous and deciduous forests, as well as alpine meadows, Mediterranean-type forests and herbaceous shrubs.
Attractions
Pakistan is a country of majestic landscapes, unique cultural traditions and hospitable people. In addition, Pakistan is recognized as the cradle of an ancient civilization that challenged Egypt and Mesopotamia for leadership, so it is not surprising that there are so many valuable historical monuments here.
The city of Karachi is recognized as the cultural capital of the country. Its main attractions include the Quaid-i-Azam Mazar Mausoleum, the National Defense Society Mosque, the House Honeymoon, Holy Trinity Cathedral, the ancient quarter of Kharadar, the Church of St. Andrew and the Zoroastrian Tower of Silence. Also to the most important historical monuments relate archaeological excavations the ancient city of Mohenjodaro and the Chaukundi Tomb.
The city of Lahore is famous for its magnificent architecture and many mosques. The main attractions here are the Lahore Fort, Badshahi Mosque, Aitchison College and Chauburji Gardens. Also notable ancient city Hyderabad, where we are reminded of past centuries ancient quarters, Shahi fort and old market. In addition, not far from the city there is the most big lake Manchar country.
Another must-see city is Mohenjodaro, which is more than 4 thousand years old. Of interest here are the old quarters, the ruins of an ancient palace and citadel, as well as a large Showroom with a unique collection archaeological finds. In addition, it is worth visiting the city of Quetta, which is famous for National Park Hazarganji-Chiltan, and the city of Harrapa, which is considered the most important center Hindu civilization, as well as the archaeological center of Taxila and the city of holy pilgrimage Hasan Abdul.
Besides northern regions Pakistan is famous for its beautiful wild landscapes with many hiking and water tourism routes.
Kitchen
Pakistani cuisine is quite similar to Indian cuisine, but it has some elements of Middle Eastern cooking. It is characterized by an abundance of various seasonings, all kinds of flatbreads and sauces. However, Pakistanis, like all Muslims, do not eat pork.
The most popular snack, eaten here on the street, is samosa. It consists of charcoal-grilled meat served with salad or wrapped in a flatbread. Also, any restaurant or snack bar serves such dishes as “korma” (meat curry), “dam-pakht” (lamb with cottage cheese), “halim” (meat and lentil stew), “kofta” cutlets, “handi-sag” (stew) and all kinds of kebabs.
In addition, it is worth trying “biryani” (fried rice with meat) and “kheer” (rice pudding with spices). In addition, local vegetable dishes are good: “baingan-ka-raita” (eggplant with yogurt), “keema-bhali-shimla-mirch” (stuffed peppers), “dal-palak” (spinach with lentils), “kadu-ka” -salan” (pumpkin in onion sauce), etc.
The range of desserts here is also large: “mitai” (sweets made from syrup, flour and milk), “raita” (creamy paste), “phirni” (rice pudding), special halwa, as well as all kinds of cakes, sorbets, biscuits, etc. d. Well, the main national drink here is strong tea with milk, cardamom and sugar. Other popular options include coconut milk, lassi yoghurt drink and sugar cane juice.
Drinking alcohol is frowned upon in Pakistan, but they still brew their own beer and arak. Imported strong drinks are sold in closed bars, upscale restaurants and high-level hotels.
Accommodation
In Pakistan, most hotels are small “guesthouses” that are scattered throughout the country. The cost of accommodation in such places depends on their location, as well as the number and quality of amenities and additional services. It is worth noting that bargaining is allowed in such establishments, as a result of which the initial price here can be significantly reduced.
There are not too many large hotels and inns in Pakistan. Most often they are 2 or 3* establishments, with an obligatory courtyard and an outdoor pool. 4 and 5* establishments are mainly located in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, and a third of them are hotels of international hotel operators (Crowne Plaza, Marriott, Four Season, Holiday Inn, etc.). In addition, some upscale hotels are located in historical mansions from the colonial period.
Entertainment and relaxation
Pakistan's major cities have many cultural and entertainment venues (museums, theaters, clubs, parks, restaurants, etc.), so you won't get bored here. In addition, a trip to the country can be timed to coincide with one of the traditional Islamic or national holidays, which are accompanied by colorful festivals here. For example, Islamic New Year, Pakistan Day, Independence Day, Eid al-Fitr (end of Ramadan), Eid al-Adha (festival of sacrifice) and many others.
In addition, the Pakistani government maintains a whole network of nature reserves and national parks, which are popular tourist sites.
The most famous include national park Ayyuba, Kirthar National Park, historical and cultural park and Salt Range Nature Reserve, Hawke Bay Turtle Beaches, Great Lakes Region, Deosai Plateau National Park and the Lower Indus, which is home to the unique blind dolphin.
Pakistan is also a real paradise for lovers of active entertainment and extreme sports. In the north of the country, many of the highest peaks on the planet are concentrated, which attract fans of trekking and mountaineering. Also in Pakistan there are a great many high-mountain glaciers, rivers suitable for rafting and fishing, as well as about three dozen ski and mountain resorts.
Purchases
In Pakistan you can not only relax, but also make interesting and unique purchases that can only be found in this country. Moreover, prices for goods here are low, so purchasing souvenirs here can bring incomparable pleasure. In Pakistan, in almost all stores and, especially, in markets, it is necessary to bargain. Bargaining here usually starts with small talk and cups of tea. Then the traders proceed to describe the properties of their goods and declare their obviously inflated prices, and after that the bargaining itself begins. Moreover, often the size of the discount directly depends on the emotionality and emancipation of the buyer, as well as his politeness and respect for the seller.
The most common and popular souvenirs from Pakistan are magnificent carpets with all kinds of patterns.
Another typical purchase that comes from this country is handmade chess. The most valued chess from Ivory, however, figures made of jasper, agate, onyx, opal and sandalwood are no less impressive. Another original purchase is salt lamps, which, by the way, saturate the air with negative ions and improve its quality. They are made from rock salt, and their cost depends on the quality of its processing (grinding, cutting or artistic trimming).
Most shops and markets are open on Sundays, and on Fridays and during all religious holidays they are almost all closed.
Transport
The transport system of Pakistan is well developed, and the main importance here is given to railway transport. Also big role Domestic flights and bus services play a role. In addition, the country has several seaports, the main one is in Karachi. Total length highways is about 220 thousand km, of which 60% is asphalted.
Public transport is available in all cities and is designed for all segments of the population. Main vehicle are buses that belong to both public and private companies. Mini-buses of private companies are more convenient and faster, but travel on them is more expensive than on public ones. There is a ring metro in Karachi. In addition, “tuki-tuks”, which are small motor scooters, are popular in the cities of Pakistan. The cost of travel for this type of transport must be negotiated directly with the driver. Also, in all cities of the country there are taxi services, the cars of which are always equipped with meters. Locals, in addition to cars, they often travel on carts pulled by donkeys, buffalos or camels.
Connection
Within the country's major cities, any call can be made from numerous pay phones that operate using prepaid cards. They come in different denominations and are sold in telephone company offices, stores and kiosks. Well, in the provinces, international calls are often possible only from post office. The cost of a minute of negotiations with Moscow ranges from $0.7 to $0.9.
Cellular communications in Pakistan are developing at an explosive pace and have good coverage quality. Roaming with local operators is available to all subscribers of large Russian mobile companies.
There are Internet cafes in all major cities, but in the provinces, access points are only available in some libraries and office complexes, as well as at the post office.
Safety
Due to the unstable political situation, the governments of many countries have included Pakistan in the list of countries that are not recommended for visiting. First of all, visiting the border areas of this unstable country is not recommended.
Well, in general, places of mass gatherings, gatherings and demonstrations, as well as military infrastructure facilities, should be avoided in Pakistan. In addition, you must follow standard personal safety rules: do not carry large sums of money with you, do not walk in the dark, do not demonstrate expensive equipment, do not accept invitations from strangers, do not exchange currency on the street, etc. You should always have your visa and passport (or copies thereof) with you.
Business climate
Today Pakistan is a developing agrarian-industrial country. Small-scale manufacturing and export also play a vital role in the economy and business life of Pakistan. Industry here is represented by textile, cement and sugar factories, as well as metallurgy and oil refining. Despite this, unemployment remains a chronic problem for the state: many Pakistanis, both qualified specialists and ordinary workers, are forced to work abroad.
It is worth saying that in recent years the Pakistani government has begun to pursue a fairly liberal economic policy, for example, some large banks, the main telecommunications company and a number of other companies were privatized.
Real estate
In Pakistan, the procedure for purchasing real estate by foreigners is in the process of government regulation, which is aimed towards its liberalization. Currently, Pakistani legislation is planning to introduce a number of new reforms that should increase the dynamics of foreign investment in local residential and commercial properties.
Today, foreigners who want to buy property in Pakistan most often resort to the help of legal and real estate companies that assist in the purchase of any property. On average, the cost of a small apartment of average quality here is $65–78 thousand, and a house is $100–130 thousand.
Before traveling to Pakistan, tourists are advised to take prophylaxis against typhoid, malaria, yellow fever, polio and cholera. The import of alcohol, firearms, pornography, matches, drugs, plants, vegetables and fruits into the country is prohibited. Without paying customs duties, you are allowed to import 250 ml of unpacked eau de toilette or perfume, up to 200 cigarettes (or 50 cigars), as well as any number of gifts, the total value of which does not exceed 2,000 rupees (about $21). The export of antiques is prohibited, and for the export of local handmade carpets or other goods that represent artistic value, you will need a receipt from the store or a written statement about the purchase of this product at the market.
Visa information
To enter Pakistan, citizens of the Russian Federation will need to obtain a visa, the type of which depends on the timing and purpose of the trip. It can be short-term (C) or transit (A and B). The most common short-term visas are type C, which are divided into guest, tourist and business. In addition, visas can be either single or multiple entry.
Applications for visas are processed at the Embassy of Pakistan in Moscow at st. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 17.