285. And if someone decides to look for pigs, or mares, or cows, or sheep, or any other animal, or bees with their offspring for the past years, for five years or more or less, and according to the court and for the investigation in that In the lawsuit, the plaintiff will be right, and for pigs and mares, and for cows, and sheep, or for any other animal, and for bees, he will rule over what someone takes possession of him, and refuse the offspring, for which he I didn’t search on it that year, as someone took possession of something from him. 286. And whoever learns to look for hay cuttings in tithes, and those hay cuttings are doshtsetsa, and he is responsible for the tithe of hay cuttings and ordered to rule in ten altyns. 287. And whoever learns to look for cut hay on someone, one by one, hauling piles, and the searcher, and he will be ordered to pay for the cut of hay at the altyn. Chapter XI THE COURT OF THE PEASANTS and in it there are 34 articles 1. Which sovereigns of palace villages and black volosts, peasants and peasants, having run out from the sovereign palace villages and black volosts, live for the patriarch, or for metropolitans, and for archbishops, and for bishops, or for monasteries , or for the boyars, or for the okolniki and for the Duma and for the house people, and for the stewards and for the attorneys and for the Moscow nobles, and for the clerks, and for the tenants, and for the city nobles and the children of the boyars, and for foreigners, and for all sorts of patrimonial landowners and landowners, and in the scribe books that the scribes submitted to the Local Order after the Moscow fire last year 134, then runaway peasants, or their fathers, are written for the sovereign, and those sovereign runaway peasants and looking for the bovines to be brought to the sovereign's palace villages and black volosts, to their old lots according to the scribe books with wives and children and with all their peasant bellies without prescribed years. 2. There will also be some votchinniki and landowners who will teach the sovereign to bash their foreheads about their runaway peasants and about the peasants, and they will say that their peasants and peasants, having run out because of them, live in the sovereign’s palace villages, and in the black volosts , or in the posadh in the townspeople, or in the archers, or in the Cossacks, or in the gunners, or in some of the service people in Zamoskovny and in the Ukrainian cities, or for the patriarch, or for the metropolitans, or for archbishops and bishops, or for monasteries, or for boyars, and for okolniki, and for Duma councilors, and for chamber people, and for stewards, and for attorneys, and for Moscow nobles, and for clerks, and for tenants, and for city nobles and for the children of the boyars, and for foreigners, and for all sorts of votchinniki and landowners, and for those peasants and landowners in court and for investigation, give according to the scribe books, which books the scribes in the Local Order gave after the Moscow fire last 134 year, those of their runaway peasants, or those of the runaway peasants’ fathers, will be written after them in those scribe books, or after those scribe books, the same peasants, or their children, at new dachas will be written behind whom in separate or in abandoned books . And to hand over runaway peasants and peasants from the races according to the scribe books of all ranks to people without formal years. 3. And whoever gets the chance to hand over the runaway peasants and peasants in court and for investigation, and hand over those peasants with their wives and children and with all their bellies, and with standing bread and milk. And do not indicate the possessions of those peasants for previous years until this current code. And whoever the peasants, being on the run, gave their daughters, girls, or sisters, or nieces in marriage to the peasants of those votchinniki and landowners for whom they lived, or to the side in a village or to a village, do not blame him and for those girls, their husbands should not be given back to the former patrimonial owner and landowner, because according to the current sovereign’s decree, there were no sovereign commandments that no one should accept peasants for themselves, and the decrees were runaway peasants during the lesson years, and also because after the scribes in For many years, votchinas and estates have changed over many years. 4. And to whom the fugitive peasants and peasants will be given, and from those people, in those peasants and peasants and in their bellies of the sovereign’s palace villages and black volosts, the ordered people and the patrimonial landowner and the landowner will take notes for their hands henceforth for dispute. And order the official records to be written in Moscow and in the cities by district clerks, and in villages and villages where there will be no local clerks, order such records to be written in other villages by the zemstvo or church clerk, and to give such records in their own hands. And those people who do not know how to read and write, order their spiritual father to put their hands on those records in their place, or whom they believe, outsiders, and order their priest and sexton and people not to write such records to anyone, so that in such records there was no argument with anyone or anyone in advance. 5. And for those votchinniki and landowners, in the scribe books, peasants’ and landowners’ empty yards, or courtyard places, are written, and about the peasants and landowners of those courtyards, it is written in the scribe books that those peasants and landowners fled because of them in previous years before those scribes books, and to this day there have been no petitions against anyone about those peasants, and in those empty courtyards and in the empty courtyard spaces in those peasants and peasants, no court should be given for the fact that they for many years about those of theirs The peasants did not beat the sovereign against anyone. 6. And because of whom the fugitive peasants and peasants will be handed over to the plaintiff in court, and according to the investigation and according to the scribe books, or who will give up the court according to the code, and those peasants according to the petition of those people for whom they lived on the run, register in the Local Order for those people to whom they will be given. And because of whom they will be taken, and from those landowners and votchinniki the sovereign’s exactions according to the census books will not be collected for them, but the sovereign’s all sorts of levies will be collected from those patrimonial landowners and landowners for whom they will learn to live as peasants according to the return. 7. And from those votchinniki, by court and by investigation and according to scribe books, the peasants will be taken and given back to the plaintiff for their purchased votchinas, and they bought those votchinas from the votchinniki with those peasants after the scribes, and in the deeds of sale those peasants from them written, and that patrimonial owner, instead of those tax-paying peasants, should take from the sellers the same peasants with all their bellies and with standing bread and milk from their other estates. 8. And which votchinniki and landowners in past years had a trial about runaway peasants and landowners, and from the trial to whom such runaway peasants, before this sovereign decree, were denied by the previous decree of the blessed memory of the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Mikhail Feodorovich of All Russia for decree years, and those runaway peasants and peasants were ordered to live with those people for whom they lived decree years, or with whom the landowners and patrimonial owners had an amicable agreement about the runaway peasants and peasants in the past years before this sovereign decree, and according to an amicable agreement, who gave up their peasants to whom, and strengthened themselves with records, or filed petitions of peace, and all matters should be carried out according to how those matters were completed before this sovereign decree, and those matters should not be brought up again and not renegotiated . 9. And those peasants and peasants who followed whom were written in the census books of the past 154th and 155th years, and after those census books, because of those people for whom they were written in the census books, ran away, or will continue to run away : And those runaway peasants and peasants, and their brothers, and children, and nephews, and their grandchildren with their wives and children and with all their bellies, and with standing bread and with milk, give from the run to those people because of whom they will run out census books, unschooled years, and henceforth, no one else’s peasants will be accepted by anyone, and no one will keep them with them. 10. And if someone, from this sovereign code, will teach runaway peasants, and peasants, and their children and brothers and nephews to take in and keep with them, and the patrimonial owners and landowners will find those of their runaway peasants after him, and for them those of their runaway peasants and the cattle, according to the court and according to the investigation, and according to the census books, should be given with their wives and with their children, and with all their bellies, and with standing bread and milk and earthen grains without prescribed years. And how long will they live for anyone from this sovereign code on the run, and for those for whom they learn to live, for the sovereign’s taxes and for the landowner’s income, they will take ten rubles per year for every peasant, and give it to the plaintiff whose peasants and peasants they are . 11. And if someone teaches the sovereign to beat him with his forehead about the runaway peasants and peasants, but in the census books of those peasants and their fathers the plaintiff and the defendant are not written, but those peasants are written behind the plaintiff or the defendant in the census books of the past 154 155, and those peasants and peasants should be given according to the census books to the person for whom they are written in the census books. 12. And if, by this sovereign’s decree, a peasant’s daughter will run away from her patrimony or estate, and having escaped, she will marry someone’s enslaved man, or a peasant, or who, by this sovereign’s decree, will persuade the peasant’s daughter to marry her, and by conspiracy, she will marry her to her bonded man, or to a peasant, or to a bog, and the one for whom she runs away will report her to the sovereign, and through the court and through the investigation it will be established that that girl ran away, or it is agreed upon, and give it to the one from whom she runs out, along with her husband and the children she has with that husband, but do not give her husband’s belly with her. 13. If that runaway girl marries someone’s man, or a widower’s peasant, and before her, that husband will have children with his first wife, and those husband’s first children will not be given to the plaintiff, but will be with him, whom they were born into serfdom or into the peasantry. 14. And if the plaintiff decides to seek demolition with that runaway girl, and he has a date for judgment, and from the court he will issue a decree, to what extent it will come to pass. 15. And it will be because of whom a peasant widow will run away, and her husband after whom she will run away is written in scribes or in separate books and in extracts, or in others in some fortresses in peasants or in peasants, and having escaped, that peasant woman will marry someone’s enslaved man, or a peasant’s wife, and that peasant woman will be the widow of the landowner for whom her first husband is written in the scribes or in the census books, or in the extracts and (s) fortresses, give it with your husband. 16. And that widow’s husband will be the first to marry the one for whom she runs out, it is not written in the scribes and census books and in other fortresses, and that widow will live with the one whose man or peasant she marries. 17. And if a peasant or a bog runs out for someone, and while on the run he gives his daughter, a girl or a widow, in marriage to someone’s bonded man or to a peasant or a bog to whom he runs, and after that that runaway peasant the court will have to hand over his wife and children to the one from whom he runs away, and hand over his son-in-law along with that runaway peasant or his old landowner to his former landowner, to whom he will marry his daughter on the run. And that son-in-law will have children with his first wife, and from then on his first children should not be given to the petitioner. 18. If such a runaway peasant or a runaway on the run gives his daughter in marriage to someone who is a bonded or old-naked man, or to a peasant, or to the runaway of another landowner or patrimonial landowner, and that peasant’s daughter who is on the run is given in marriage, give it to the plaintiff and her husband. 19. And if a landowner or a votchinnik from his estate, or from the votchina, or whose stewards and elders, peasant daughters, girls or widows, are taught to let go and marry whose people or peasants, and to those peasant daughters, to girls and widows, give vacation pay for their own or for their spiritual fathers, in advance for the dispute. And the conclusion is for those peasant daughters under the contract. And whoever takes the withdrawal, write it down in the vacation pay. 20. And some people will come to someone’s patrimony and estate, and they will say that they are free, and those people will want to live behind them as peasants, or in peasant estates, and to those people to whom they come , ask them what kind of free people they are, and where their homeland is, and who they lived for, and where they came from, and whether their people and peasants and bobs were runaways, and whether they had vacation pay. Yes, those who do not say leave pay, both the landowner and the patrimonial owner should truly inquire about such people, whether they are truly free people, and having verifiably inspected them, he brings them in the same year to a note to Moscow in the Local Prikaz, and by the Kazan and Kazan at - cities to Kazan, and Novgorod residents and Novgorod suburbs to Novgorod, and Pskov residents and Pskov suburbs to Pskov. And in the Local Prikaz and in the cities, the governors should question such free people for the same reasons, and record their speeches authentically. Let those people who will be brought to the note be led, according to their rosprosr speeches, to be given over to Christianism by those people who will lead them to the note, and to those people to whom they will be given to Christianity, order those people to put their hands to the rosprosr speeches. 21. If a patrimonial landowner or a landowner brings a person to the parish without checking for the truth, and for such people they will be taught to marry in the Christian faith, and those people in the Christian faith will be brought to justice in court and according to the investigation and according to the census books with their wives, and with children, and with bellies. Yes, for the same people who, without checking, truly accept someone else’s peasant or peasant, receive an income of ten rubles per year for the years for which they lived for whom, for the sovereign’s taxes and votchinniks and landowners, for that, without checking truly, do not accept someone else’s. 22. And those Christian children learn to deny their fathers and mothers, and torture them. 23. And whoever people of all ranks, although they will strengthen the fugitive foreign peasants and peasants behind them, will take on them bondage or records in many loans, and to whom those fugitive peasants and peasants will be handed over through court and investigation, and they will be handed over to those people according to those loan records and bondages in that loan they will be punished, and those people who have such loan and bondage and records will be refused, and for those loan bondages and for all fortresses they will not be given justice to those bondages and Don’t believe the loan records, but take those records and bonds from them to the Prikaz, and write them down in the books, and give those runaway peasants and landowners to the old patrimonial landowner and landowner with all the loans. And to those people from whom those runaway peasants or peasants will be taken, refuse that loan, do not accept other people’s peasants and peasants, and do not give them a loan. 24. And among those who have votchins and landowners, peasants, their brothers, and children, and nephews are written in the census books in the households of their fathers and their tribes together, and after the correspondence they separated and taught them to live in their own households, and not to keep those households hidden , and do not call them extra households, and do not write them down in the Local Order, because they are written in the census books with their fathers and their tribe together. And henceforth, from September 1st of this year, 157, the sovereign shall not bash anyone about the hidden courtyards, and in the Local Order, do not accept petitions from anyone for the fact that in the past in 154 and in In the year 155, according to the sovereign's decree, for all sorts of votchinniki and for landowners of peasants and nobles, Moscow stolniks and nobles copied the kiss of the cross, and who did not write in the truth, and were sent to those places to copy suddenly in a row, but for The scribe inflicted cruel punishment on the wrong letter. 25. And which people of all ranks will instruct on whom to look for their runaway peasants and their peasant bellies, and will write fifty rubles or more in the search for those peasant bellies, or who will instruct on whom to look for their runaway peasants and in the search petition for their bellies of the peasants, namely, how many bellies of which, and will not write down the price for them, and the defendant of those peasants will not tell for himself, and will be brought to faith, and for those peasants, against the claim petition, put four rubles for each head, and five for the dead bellies rubles, and in big bellies administer justice. 26. And whoever the defendant does not deny that he is a peasant, but says about bellies that that peasant came to him without bellies, and the plaintiff says that his peasant came to that defendant with his bellies, and how many bellies did that peasant have? , and he won’t write the price for those peasant bellies in his petition, but he will bring it to the faith, and for such peasant deaf bellies, Vera will put five rubles each, and the peasants, taking it from the defendant, will give it to the plaintiff. 27. And who at the trial in whose peasant the forbidden and kissed, and after that peasant in whom he kissed, declared from him, and having taken that peasant from him, give the plaintiff with all the bellies against the claim petition, and to him for guilt that he kisses the cross not in truth, inflict a cruel punishment, beat him with a trade whip for three days, so that many people would know about it, for which he was ordered to inflict such a punishment, and beat him with a trade whip for three days, put him in prison for a year, and henceforth not to trust him in anything, and not to put anyone on trial in any matter. 28. And in which the peasant defendants in court are not locked up and brought to justice, those peasants in court, having taken from the defendant, are given to the plaintiff, and those peasants are given by the plaintiff to the peasantry with their wives and children, whose children of those fugitive peasants are even in the scribe books it is not written, but they live with their father and mother together, and not in separation. 29. And whoever the defendants at the trial will accuse the runaway peasant women and their peasant bellies of being zapiratsa, and after that, at the faith of the kissing of those peasants on the cross, they will say in themselves, and will teach the plaintiff to give, and in their bellies they will still be accused of being zapiratsa, and those The peasants' bellies are ordered to be corrected and given to the plaintiff without a kiss on the cross, because at the trial they were locked up in everything, in people and in the bellies, and after that they give the peasants away, but they themselves want to be selfish with their bellies. 30. And for which the landowners and patrimonial owners, peasants and gods were in the scribes, or in separate or in refuse books, and in the extracts written on their local and on patrimonial lands separately, and to those landowners and patrimonial owners of their peasants from the local Do not reduce your lands to patrimonial lands, and therefore do not waste your estates. 31. And it will happen that landowners and patrimonial owners teach their peasants to reduce their estate lands to their patrimonial lands, and after that their estates will be given to someone else by the landowner, and those new landowners will teach the sovereign to beat those peasants who of the local lands were reduced to patrimonial lands, so that those peasants from the patrimonial lands would be given to the local lands from which they were reduced, and by the new landowner, those peasants from the patrimonial lands would be given to the local lands with all their peasant bellies, and with bread standing and with milk. 32. And it will be whose peasants and peasants learn from whom to hire for work, and those peasants and peasants will be hired to work from all ranks of people, according to records, and without records, in abundance. And for those people from whom they are hired to work, housing and loan records and service bondages should not be placed on them and they should not be secured in any way, and as soon as those hirelings work off them, they should release them from themselves without any detention. 33. And from which all sorts of ranks from landowners and votchinniki and from border towns their people and peasants run abroad, and having been abroad, having come from abroad, they do not want a life with their old landowners and votchinniki, they begin to ask for freedom , and asking those fugitive people and peasants to hand them over to their old landowner and patrimonial owner, for whom they were running, and not to give them their freedom. 34. And from which patrimonial owners and landowners, who are located in border cities, their people and peasants run abroad to the German and Lithuanian side, and abroad marry runaway wives and girls of various landowners, and marry from abroad to their old landowner and patrimonial owner, and how they get out, and those old landowners of theirs will tell the sovereign one about the girl or the little woman that his peasant woman married that runaway peasant, and his defendant will begin to say that his peasant is on He married that runaway girl or wife abroad while on the run, and according to the court and investigation they gave the foals to the same runaway people and the peasants, and whoever got the foal of the litter, gave him for the girl, or for the wife, or for the peasant withdrawal of five rubles, for the fact that they were both on the run abroad. Chapter XVI ABOUT LAND LANDS and there are 69 articles in it. In the Moscow district there were estates: 1. For the boyars, two hundred quarters per person. Behind the okolnichy and behind the Duma clerks are one hundred fifty quarters per person. For the captains, and for the solicitors, and for the Moscow nobles, and for the clerks, and for the Moscow archers, for the heads, and for the sedate, and for the good ones, the housekeepers, one hundred quarters per person. For nobles from cities who serve by choice, seventy quarters per person. For the tenants, and for the grooms, and for the centurions of the Moscow archers, fifty quarters per person. For the servants, for the solicitors, and for the sytniki, and the tsarina’s rank, for the boyar’s children, from their local salaries from one hundred quarters to ten quarters. 2. And those landowners of all ranks want to exchange their estates among themselves, and they are beaten by the sovereign about the registration of those of their exchange estates, and petitions about this are submitted to the Local Prikaz, by hand. 3. And to exchange the estates of Moscow people of all ranks with Moscow people of all ranks, and with city nobles, and boyar children, with foreigners, a quarter for a quarter, and residential for residential, and empty for empty, and non-residential for empty , and those of their exchange estates between them should be painted according to their amicable petition and according to the petitions they have made. And where someone will have a few quarters in excess of the exchange and an extra one, and those few quarters will be the same for them according to their amicable petition. 4. And if some landowners and patrimonial lords decide to exchange their monasteries with the archimarite, and the abbot, and the builder with his brothers, for monastery patrimonial lands, and those landowners and patrimonial lords and archimarites and abbots and builders with their brothers will decide to beat with the forehead of the sovereign of those bartered lands about the registration, and according to their amicable petition and according to their petitions, such lands should be painted for them in the same way. 5. And those landowners and patrimonial owners of all ranks will teach themselves to exchange patrimonial lands for local lands, or local lands for patrimonial lands, and will teach to beat their heads so that, according to their petition, those lands of theirs will be painted, local land into patrimonial land , and the patrimonial land into the estate, and according to their amicable petition, those lands are scattered behind them, contrary to the same as is written about this above. 6. If someone exchanges estates with someone, or someone exchanges their patrimonial land for someone else’s land, and they will own those exchanged lands according to the records, but without signing in the Local Order, and one of them will die and the other will remain. , and will teach those barter lands to be beaten about the registration, and to refuse such barter lands, and those barter lands behind them after the dead not to be painted. 7. If someone instructs the sovereign to ask the sovereign to register the exchange of his estate, or votchina, from the peasants, and he exchanges his residential estate, or for a local votchina, or empty patrimonial land, and about the peasants of his residential estate or votchina he writes that he should bring the peasants from his estate to his other local land, and such estates and estates should be painted according to the petitions he received. 8. And if someone teaches the sovereign to beat his forehead about the estates, which estates were given for subsistence to the nobles and old boyar children who were dismissed from service, and to the old widows, so that the sovereign would grant them, he ordered those noble and widows subsistence estates to be given they should be allowed to live, and those people who learn to fight against someone to live on the estate, refuse, and will not be given the opportunity to live on the estate. 9. If someone gives an estate in old age to an uncle to a nephew, or a brother to a brother, and writes in the deed and on the signature in the petition that the nephew’s uncle, or the brother’s brother, is to be fed until his belly, and after that the uncle will start beating him with his forehead. against the nephew, and the brother against the brother, that they do not feed them and knock them out of their estates, and the peasants are not ordered to listen to them, and take those tribute estates from such nephews and brothers, and give them to those whose they were before, A which they have given records on themselves, and those records that are not in the record. 10. And if widows or girls learn to give their subsistence estates to someone else, in return for feeding and marrying those people to whom they give their estates, and for those people to whom they give their estates, in the fact that Feed them with those people and marry them off, take notes with their hands. And if a widow or a girl, having established her estate, tells the sovereign to beat him with his forehead that those people to whom they give their estates do not feed them, and do not marry them, and they knock out their subsistence estates, and according to their petition, a decree organize, take the subsistence allowances of their widows and girls’ estates, give them to those widows and girls for their subsistence as before, and those they gave records, and those records are not in the record. 11. And give the girls their subsistence estates, which the girl will be fifteen years old. And if someone tells the sovereign about the girl’s subsistence estate, and says that the girl is giving him her subsistence estate, and at that time the girl will be less than fifteen years old, and such a petitioner should not be believed, and the girl’s subsistence Do not sir behind them. 12. And those people of all ranks own estates according to the deed records, but they did not complain to the sovereign about those estates, and in the Local Prikaz those estates were not registered for them, and those estates were taken away from them and given to the petitioner for distribution because they Those estates are owned by grant records without a sovereign decree. 13. And the escheated estates of Moscow people of all ranks, and city nobles, and children of boyars, and foreigners, should be given to their wives for subsistence and to their children by decree. And what will be left over from the wives' subsistence and from the children's dachas, and those estates should be given to the families of the homeless and marginalized. And in which case there will be no placeless and local family, those estates will be given to other families of Moscow ranks by Moscow people, and city nobles, and boyar children, and city nobles, and boyar children by city nobles , and to the children of boyars and Moscow people of all ranks whom the sovereign will grant. 14. And foreigners shall be treated as foreigners without locality and locality, and by foreigners, foreign estates shall not be given to anyone. And don’t let Russian people become foreigners. 15. If someone steals, marries a fourth wife, and has children with her, and after him, his estates and estates will not be given to that fourth wife and the children whose children he has with that fourth wife. 16. And after which the Moscow ranks of people and city nobles and the children of boyars and foreigners, their wives will remain childless, and there will be no estates and purchased estates left after their husbands, and there will be nothing to give them to live on, but their husbands’ service and family heritage will remain estates, and those deceased wives should be given for the subsistence of their husbands from the estates they have served, upon consideration, according to their belly. And those widows cannot sell those well-served estates, and do not mortgage them, and do not give away their souls, and do not write them down as dowries. If she gets married, or takes monastic vows, or dies, those estates will be given to the estate owner who is closest to those estates in the family. 17. And whoever the widow says to marry her estate and her daughter’s, and the groom’s date is the widow’s foal, he will understand her, or the girl will understand, whoever understands the girl. And the girl will remain, and the girl will own that estate until she has time to get married, and she will also get married with that lot of hers. 18. If a widow, a foreigner’s wife, plans to marry a nobleman, or a boyar’s son who has no place of residence, or a local man with his subsistence estate, and those subsistence estates for those people whom they are talking about marrying will be dealt with in the same way. 19. And if a noble widow, or a boyar’s son, with a subsistence estate asks him to marry a baptized foreigner, then that widow, with her subsistence estate, is free to marry the baptized foreigner. 20. And whoever a widow or a girl with her subsistence estate is talking about marrying, he should beat the sovereign about the certificate of that subsistence estate before his marriage. And if someone like that does not manage the subsistence estate for himself before his marriage and orders the sovereign to beat that subsistence estate after his marriage, and not to manage that subsistence estate for him, and to give it to the family of those who have no place and those with little place, according to consideration. And if in that family there are no landless or small estates, such estates will be given as a petitioner and to other families, whoever tells the sovereign to sue about that estate. 21. And it will happen that widows marry nobles and children of boyars with their subsistence estates, and their husbands, while managing their subsistence estates, begin to hide their subsistence estates for themselves, and having taken those subsistence estates they will die, and those subsistence estates estates will continue to be given to their same wives who will come with those estates for them, and for those same wives there will be petitioners for those subsistence estates against the husbands of their old hidden estates, and that petitioner will also refuse the widows for hiding their husbands’ old estates those living estates cannot be taken away. 22. And those nobles and boyar children died in the sovereign’s service near Smolensk, and after them were left mothers and wives with children, with sons, with minors, and the estates of those nobles and boyar children in dachas were small, quarters of forty, and fifty, and sixty, and seventy, and eighty, and a hundred, and from those of their estates after them were given for subsistence to their wives, besides their children, and their children at that time were They were undergrown, three and four years old, and those widows with their subsistence estates went to marry, and their husbands and the rest of their subsistence estates. there are other estates, but their children are immature about them because their mothers married those estates, they did not beat them with their foreheads, because they were small at that time, and now those children of theirs will teach the sovereign to beat them with their foreheads about those estates, so that give those father's estates to them, and those of their father's estates from those people whom their mothers went to marry, taking them, give them to them, although there will be those people for whom their mothers have no place. 23. And it will happen that after the deceased landowners, their estates will be given to their wives and children, or stepsons or nephews, and the children, or stepsons, or nephews will then be small, and there will be no one to stand up and beat the sovereign for them, and in the case they will be offended by those estates, and when they get older, they will tell the sovereign about that insult, and they will be confronted with those people whom they teach to be beaten with their foreheads, and, looking for them, they will be given to the estate redistribution 24. And those nobles and the children of boyars have their father’s old estates in ruined cities, and they learn to beat the sovereign about the estate again, and they should declare those old father’s estates, which are also in ruined cities, and not hide them. But whoever does not hide the old estate, and having found the date of the estate again, the old estate will be completely empty, and there will be nothing to serve him with. 25. If someone is given an estate again, but hides his father’s estate or his own former dacha, and there will be petitioners against him, but it will be proven outright that he hid his father’s estate or his former dacha, and he is against it take the same number of quarters from the father's estate or his hidden estate, and give it to the petitioner from his other estate, about which the petitioner instructs the sovereign to beat his forehead. 26. If someone tells the sovereign to sue the sovereign about his estate by secretly and falsely, and it is proven outright that that petitioner slammed his forehead to the sovereign falsely, although it is in vain to take away someone’s estate with his false petition, and against such petitioners, for their false petition, to people against whom they teach to attack falsely, to eat away and to edit red tape, from the date on which they file their false petition, and from the date on which the matter is completed, two hryvnias per day, so that against no one It was not common practice to falsely hit someone with one's forehead. 27. And those nobles and boyar children will learn to sue themselves about certificates of capital estates, about their old estates, so that those of their estates will be settled for them, and there will be no petitioners against them about those of their capital estates in advance. , although in one day, and for those people, their old capital and hidden estates are transferred to the estate as before to their old estates and in salaries, but they do not put it in secret. 28. And if petitioners begin to attack someone about such registered and hidden estates, their petitions will be filed in advance, even in one day, and those people will have such capital and hidden estates and give them to the petitioner according to the previous code. 29. And those nobles and boyar children were in full for ten years, and fifteen, and twenty, and twenty for five years, and more, and the estates of their fathers, or their special estates without them, as they were in full, distributed as distribution, and they will teach the sovereign to give their fathers and their special estates to them, and to give away their fathers’ and their estates from the distribution according to their discretion. 30. If any nobleman, or the son of a boyar, or a foreigner in the sovereign’s service in the regiments is killed by military men, their wives and their estates will be given one hundred to twenty quarters for subsistence from their salaries, and their daughters from one hundred to ten quarters . 31. If a nobleman, or a boyar’s son, or a foreigner dies in the sovereign’s service in a regiment, their wives and their estates should be given one hundred to fifteen quarters for subsistence from their salaries, and their daughters from one hundred to seven quarters. osmina. 32. And which nobleman, or the son of a boyar, or a foreigner will not be at home, and not in the sovereign’s service, and give their wives from their estates for subsistence from their salaries from one hundred to ten quarters, and to their daughters five quarters. 33. And it will happen that after those who die, their estates will be given to their children forever, and those children of theirs will die forever, and after their death their wives and daughters will be left, and those wives and daughters will teach the sovereign to beat them with their foreheads and place their estates for their subsistence. , and the father’s salaries of those who died have not been found, and their fathers were beaten or died in the sovereign’s service, and those unclaimed dead wives and daughters from their estates should be given for subsistence against the salary of the new large and middle article. And those whose fathers have died at home, and those to give against the salary of the average and lower article. 34. And those nobles and boyar children have two or three sons, and those nobles and boyar children have managed their estates for their younger children, and have written their older children in the allotment, and those of their children whom they have written in recusal, they will teach the sovereign to beat their younger brothers with their foreheads, so that the sovereign would favor them, order them to give their father’s estate to everyone, and divide the residential and empty ones into quarters so that behind them the estates are small new dachas, and according to his petition, such The father's petitioner distributed their estate, mixing it with their new dacha, to all the brothers equally, and distributing the living and the empty in quarters, so that no one would be wronged by anyone. If someone is given an estate, it will be a large dacha in quarters, and do not give him his father’s estate, but give his father’s estate to his smaller brothers. 35. And as for the Moscow and after the Moscow fire in the Seversky cities, in Rylsk, in Putivl, in Belegorod, the boyar children of those cities were given empty empty flats on the estate as salaries for quarter arable land, and others were given quitrents the lands on the estate and in dues, and from now on, about such empty dues, and about the quitrent lands of those cities, the boyars’ children will teach the sovereign to beat the estates with their foreheads, and to give such empty dues to the estates, looking for great detectives firmly , those on-board grooms will be right apart, and there will be no dispute about them with anyone. And don’t give quitrent lands and quitrent crops to anyone on the estate for quarter arable land. 36. And if a landowner finds where there are empty lakes or in rivers there are open fishing grounds, and not local, and not patrimonial, and not quitrent, and he will teach about those waters to beat the sovereign on the estate for a quarter arable land, and such waters to every landowner give to the estate for a quarter of arable land upon consideration. 37. And those nobles and children of boyars and landowners of all ranks teach the sovereign to beat their foreheads about escheated estates, and write in their petitions that after the dead there are no wives and children left for the family, and that petitioner order his hands to those petitioners apply. Yes, to whom such escheat estates will be given, and after that, those petitioners will instruct the sovereign to beat with their foreheads those dead wives and children or family that those petitioners hid in their petition, although it is in vain to take possession of their estates, and it is clear that their first The petitioners hid it, and taking those escheated estates from those first petitioners, they gave the deceased to their wives and children and relatives according to the decree, to whom it was given. And as for the return of the first petitioners to the peasants, they will inflict losses on them, and take those losses on those petitioners twice, and give those who died to their wives and children, or relatives, to whom those estates will be given. 38. And if, by the sovereign’s decree, an estate will be taken from someone and given for distribution, and on those estates rye will be sown on the old landowners’ peasant arable land, and from that rye the new landowner will give seeds for the living arable land on the peasant arable land, the same as what was sown on the old one the landowner, and give half of it to the old landowner, and reap that grain by the same peasants who sowed that grain. And in which the grain for the old landowners was sown by business or hired people, and that grain was reaped by the old landowner himself, but the peasants were not forced to reap that grain from the business and hired people. 39. And which wastelands and open lands of the Moscow district and in the cities are given as rent from the Great Parish, and from quarters, and those lands to the boyars, and the okolnichy, and the Duma people, and the steward, and the solicitor, and the Moscow nobles, and all kinds ranks of servants and clerks with a monetary quitrent should not be sold to the estate and not given for plowing, but those quitrent wastelands should be given to the estates by a petitioner without a place, and to those with small estates to their former estates in salaries. Yes, such quitrent lands will be given to someone in local distribution, and those quitrent lands will be paid out from the quitrent. 40. And in the Ukrainian cities, the children of the boyars, who give their foreheads to the sovereign on the estate on the open lands, on the wild field, shall be given from the open lands from the wild fields, who receive salaries of four hundred quarters, and those of seventy quarters, and those of three hundred quarters , and to those one hundred quarters, and to those two hundred fifty quarters, and to those fifty quarters, and to those two hundred and one hundred fifty quarters, and to those forty quarters, and to those one hundred quarters, and for those, thirty quarters, and for those, salaries for seventy quarters, and for those for twenty, five quarters, and such lands should be given to the petitioner in moderation. 41. And which lands from time immemorial were local lands of Russian people, and lay empty for many years, and in the past years, Tatars and Mordovians settled on those newly opened lands in dachas according to sovereign charters, and others according to boyar charters, which charters were given in a stateless time, as the boyars stood near Moscow, and others without a dacha live on those lands for many years, and from those lands they serve the sovereign, and those lands cannot be taken away from them. And in front of the Russian people, the estate lands will be given to the Tatars, and the Tatar lands will not be given to the Russian people on the estate. 42. And the Tatars and the Mordovians of the Russian people have local lands, and they pay rent from them, and ahead of those lands there will be petitioners from Russian people, and those lands are taken from the Tatars and the Mordovians, and given to the Russian people as estates . 43. And in the cities of the princes, and the Murzas, and the Tatars, and the Mordovians, and the Chuvash, and the Cheremis, and the Votyaks, and the Bashkirs, the boyars, and the okolnichy, and the Duma people, and so on Do not buy or exchange lands of any kind, nobility, solicitors, Moscow nobles, city nobles, boyar children, and all ranks of Russian people; And there will be those from Moscow and from the cities, nobles and boyar children, and people of all ranks in the cities from the princes, and from the Murzas, and from the Tatars, and from the Mordovians, and from all sorts of yasak people, to take land from the dacha, or buy it, or As a mortgage, or for rent for many years, or to exchange, and for those of all sorts of ranks of people, give those Tatar local and yasak lands to the sovereign, and for this they will be in disgrace from the sovereign. 44. And those princes, and Murzas, and Tatars, and Mordvins, and Chuvash, and Cheremis, and Votyaks were baptized into the Orthodox Christian faith, and those newly baptized local lands should not be taken away from them, and the Tatars should not be given away. 45. And the Murzas and Tatars should not empty their estates; and from those estates of yours to the old cities and towns and villages, do not run anywhere and do not leave the services, but live in your estates and estates, and the Murzas and Tatars own each of their estates, where anyone is located in their dachas. And if the Murzas and Tatars do not want to serve the sovereign, and through their theft, not least for themselves, they will teach their estates to Moscow and city nobles and boyar children, and to give or change and sell all sorts of ranks to people, and to give them as mortgages and for rent, and to waste them , to rob the peasants, and to impose taxes and violence, and from their taxes the peasants will run away from those of their estates, and those of their estates, having been desolated or stolen, will begin to run to new cities and to Tatar and Cheremisk villages and will learn to avoid and serve , and then it will be found out about that, and those Murzas and Tatars will inflict punishment for that, whatever the sovereign specifies. Yes, and those people whose Murzas and Tatars learn to live on the run, therefore inflict cruel punishment, and firmly order them so that they do not keep the fugitive Murzas and Tatars in their place in any way. 46. And which sovereign palace villages and black volosts were distributed to the boyars and okolnichi, and duma people, and the steward, and the solicitor, and the Moscow nobleman, and the tenant, and the city nobleman, and the boyar’s children, and the foreigner, and all service people to estates and estates, and in those of their dachas the land is average, or poor, and in advance, as the scribes progress, exemplary land will appear in those dachas, and those of their dachas will be flavored with exemplary lands. And those people will not have approximate land in their dachas, and for those people those lands will be against their dachas, because there is nothing to approve the land from, and there is no subtracting land from the dachas. A fathom, which is used to measure land or something else, should be made into three arshins, and do not make fathoms larger or smaller than three arshins.
... Old Believers 2) pagans 3) strigolniki 4) non-covetous 61A025 ________________________________________ Establish a correspondence between the terms and the time of their appearance. TERMS TIME OF APPEARANCE 1) Vira 2) Baskaks 3) orders 4) Streltsy A) XIII century. B) XI century. B) XVI century. D) XV century. D) XIV century. B0BDBC ________________________________________ Arrange the names of historical figures in chronological order of their activities. A) Bogdan Khmelnitsky B) Patriarch Filaret C) Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich D) Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich F9B572 ________________________________________ Indicate from which document the passage below is taken. “Also, there will be some patrimonial owners and landowners who will teach the sovereign to confront the sovereign about their runaway peasants and the peasants and the peasants who have run away, and to give those peasants and peasants for investigation according to the scribe’s books without a specified period. They seek justice for their peasants and they are the nobles and boyars’ children who are held accountable in all cases, except for theft and robbery, and red-handed murder and capital murder.” 1) “Cathedral Code” of 1649 2) “Code of Law” of 1497 3) “Code of Law” of 1550 4) “Russkaya Pravda” 5D5586 ________________________________________ What was the name of the community among the Eastern Slavs? 1) polyudye 2) rope 3) elderly 4) camp 1D44FB _____________________________________________ Establish a correspondence between the terms and their definitions. TERMS OF DEFINITION 1) patrimony 2) veche 3) appanage 4) governor A) head of local government appointed by the central government B) territory allocated to the possession of one of the younger members of the princely family C) struggle for power in one principality or for the formation of an independent reign D ) people's assembly E) land ownership, which was passed from father to son 3D7A16 _________________________________________ Establish a correspondence between the terms and their definitions. TERMS OF DEFINITION 1) corvée 2) posad 3) rada 4) epic A) folk tale about the exploits of heroes B) council of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania C) labor of dependent peasants on the farm of the landowner D) community among the Eastern Slavs E) trade and craft part of the city 02B692 ________________________________________ In the XV - XVI centuries. The Boyar Duma was 1) the highest advisory body under the Grand Duke 2) the highest legislative body 3) the body in charge of the palace economy 4) the body that compiled a set of everyday and moral rules 08A7E6 _________________________________________ What goal did the Elected Rada pursue by abolishing feeding? 1) replace the power of governors with voivodeship rule 2) replace the power of governors with a military Cossack circle 3) transfer local control to the guardsmen 4) transfer local control to the Boyar Duma E6A3B0 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from “The Tale of Bygone Years” and indicate which of the princes of Ancient Rus' this characteristic applies to . “He was lame, but he had a kind mind, and he was brave in battle: another remarkable feature was added, that he was a Christian and read books himself. During his reign, Christianity and literacy were to spread. Gathered many scribes; they translated books from Greek into Slavic and copied many books, many in and bought them. The prince built churches in cities and unfenced places, installed priests at them, to whom he gave maintenance from his own property, ordering them to teach people. The prince ordered to gather children (300 people) from the elders and priests and teach them books.” 1) Oleg 2) Igor 3) Rurik 4) Yaroslav 350257 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the work of historian V.O. Klyuchevsky and indicate with the name of which monarch the activities of the persons named in the source are associated. “Of the entire moral stock drawn by ancient Russia from Christianity, Rtishchev cultivated in himself the most difficult and most akin to ancient Russian man valor - humility... Peace-loving and benevolent, he did not tolerate hostility, anger, got along with all the outstanding businessmen of his time: and with Ordin- Nashchokin, and with Nikon, and with Avvakum, and with Slavinetsky, and with Polotsk, with all the dissimilarity of their characters and directions, he tried to keep the Old Believers and Nikonians in the field of theological thought, book dispute, not allowing them to get into church discord.” 1) Peter I 2) Alexei Mikhailovich 3) Boris Godunov 4) Alexander I 357933 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the work of historian V.O. Klyuchevsky and indicate to whom this characteristic applies. “With kindness and gentleness of character, this respect for human dignity in the subject had a charming effect on his own and others and earned him the nickname “the quietest king.” Foreigners could not be surprised that this king, with his unlimited power over a people accustomed to complete slavery, did not encroach on anyone’s property, anyone’s life, or anyone’s honor.” 1) Alexey Mikhailovich 2) Pyotr Alekseevich 3) Pavel Petrovich 4) Pyotr Fedorovich EE60B6 ________________________________________ Read excerpts from the work of the historian N.I. Kostomarov and indicate which independent center of Rus' during the period of political fragmentation is being discussed. “...was not a passable region - not like the Kiev and Chernigov Lands, through which military people could walk up and down...it was separated by swamps and forests from the rest of Rus'...The soil of its lands was not fertile...The Tatar conquest did not touch it; as the chronicler says, the conquerors did not reach a hundred miles in total... The old, not yet completed building of the Russian federal state was destroyed; a corner remained from it in the north: it was... with Pskov - its smaller brother.” 1) Galicia-Volyn land 2) Vladimir-Suzdal land 3) Novgorod land 4) Smolensk land 6C19AB ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the work of historian V.O. Klyuchevsky and indicate the name of the order of official relations characterized in it in the Muscovite state of the 15th – 16th centuries. “In Moscow of the 16th century, when filling senior positions with service people, they took into account not the personal qualities of those appointed, but the relative service meanings of surnames... Each pedigree surname and each individual person of such a surname occupied a certain and permanent position among other surnames and individuals... Hierarchical relationship between persons was not established during their appointment to positions at the discretion of the authority that appointed them, but was indicated in advance, in addition to it, by the family status of those appointed.” 1) feeding 2) localism 3) length of service 4) recruitment 4ADEA4 _________________________________________ The annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates to Russia took place during the reign of 1) Ivan III 2) Ivan IV 3) Boris Godunov 4) Peter I 7B7C83 _________________________________________ According to the terms of the Stolbovo Peace Treaty with Sweden, concluded in 1617, Russia 1) lost access to the Baltic Sea 2) lost Left Bank Ukraine 3) gained access to the Baltic Sea 4) lost the Smolensk lands E8019E ________________________________________ One of the consequences of the adoption of the Council Code of 1649 was 1) the establishment of an indefinite search for fugitive peasants 2 ) extension of the search period for peasants to 15 years 3) abolition of the rule “no extradition from the Don” 4) permission for landowners to exile peasants to Siberia C6F1A2 ________________________________________ The result of the conclusion of the “Eternal Peace” with Poland (1686) was that 1) Russia received the Left Bank Ukraine and Kiev 2) Russia received access to the Baltic Sea 3) The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth renounced Right Bank Ukraine 4) The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth returned Novgorod to Russia 79ED0C ________________________________________ Who was elected to the kingdom by the Zemsky Sobor in 1598? 1) Boris Godunov 2) False Dmitry I 3) Vasily Shuisky 4) False Dmitry II 634F9A ________________________________________ The order and time of the peasant transition from one owner to another were first defined in 1) “Russkaya Pravda” 2) “Code Code” of Ivan III 3) “Code Code” of Ivan IV 4) “Conciliar Code” B49561 _________________________________________ The growth of the power of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the 12th century is associated with the name of which prince? 1) Alexander Nevsky 2) Yaroslav the Wise 3) Andrei Bogolyubsky 4) Oleg the Prophet 79E6D3 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the historical “Tale” and indicate which year these events relate to. “And Tsar Batu the accursed Ryazan land began to fight, and went to the city of Ryazan. And they laid siege to the city and fought relentlessly for five days. Batya’s army changed, and the townspeople fought continuously. And many townspeople were killed, and others were wounded, and others were exhausted from great labors. And on the sixth day, early in the morning, the filthy ones went to the city - some with lights, others with vices (siege weapons), others with countless ladders - and took the city of Ryazan in the month of December on the twenty-first day.” 1) 1111 2) 1237 3) 1380 4) 1480 94708C ________________________________________ What event happened in 1654? 1) publication of the Charter of the Nobility 2) annexation of Left Bank Ukraine to Russia 3) adoption of the Council Code 4) signing of the Peace of Nystadt with Sweden E65EDF ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the work of a modern historian and write the name of the patriarch in question. “Exiled to the Ferapontov monastery on Beloozero with the rank of monk, he outlived his “sobin’s friend” Alexei Mikhailovich by five years. All the years spent in the monastery, he hoped for the renewal of the former friendship of the king, who humanly experienced the breakup and persecution against him, and repeatedly asked for blessings for himself and his family. In 1676, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich died, and in 1681 the Patriarch was allowed to return to the New Jerusalem Monastery, but death prevented this.” 9F70DC ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from a historian’s essay and name the king in question. “He came to power at a very difficult time for the country. The decline of statehood, devastation and acute crisis in all spheres of society, the collapse of national and religious ideals, the incessant political and civil struggle within society, foreign intervention seeking to destroy a single state - this is what the young tsar inherited. It seemed that the unbearable burden should have broken the 16-year-old tsar, but he survived and, having united and reconciled his subjects, “began to rebuild the Muscovite kingdom anew.” F84443 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the historian’s essay and name the king in question. “The fact that contemporaries called the 17th century a “rebellious” century is largely based on the realities of Russian history during this period. It would seem that the sovereign who ruled in such difficult conditions could become embittered, hardened, introduce an exclusively authoritarian regime, in a word, resemble his not so distant predecessor, Ivan the Terrible. The Tsar, of course, resorted to tough and even cruel measures when it came to suppressing popular uprisings, when the question was about preserving the entire system of state power. But in his character, inclinations, and preferences in everyday life, he was very different from the Russian tyrant of the 16th century. It’s not for nothing that they called him the Quietest.” 0B48E9 ________________________________________ The split of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century. reflected in the confrontation between 1) Patriarch Nikon and Archpriest Avvakum 2) Joseph of Volotsky and Nil Sorsky 3) Metropolitan Macarius and priest Sylvester 4) Ivan the Terrible and Andrei Kurbsky BBD1AE _____________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the historian’s essay and indicate which army is being discussed. “Ivan IV, for the first time in Rus', began to form a new type of army - a permanent one, and the core of this army was the squeaker detachments. They were recruited from free people and had to serve all their lives, and their military occupation became hereditary. By 1584 their number was approximately 12 thousand, of which seven and a half thousand were in Moscow.” 1) Streltsy 2) regiments of the “foreign system” 3) Cossack 4) noble militia 2F00BA ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the document and indicate to which century the events described in it belong. “...Boris Godunov... began to commit many untruths: and God took revenge on him for his murder..., and the thief Grishka Otrepiev-undressed took revenge from God for his deeds and died an evil death; but not many people elected Tsar Vasily to the state, and then, due to the enemy’s action, many cities did not want to serve him, but separated from the Moscow state...” 1) XV century. 2) XVII century. 3) XVIII century. 4) XIX century 6B39EC ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the letter of Tsar Mikhail Romanov and indicate with what events the facts described in the document are connected. “Just as we, the Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich of All Rus', were in Kostroma last year and at the same time Polish and Lithuanian people came to the Kostroma district, and Ivan Susanin, the Lithuanian people took him away and tortured him with great immeasurable torments, and they tortured him, where at that time we, the great sovereign, the tsar and the Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich of All Rus', were, and he, Ivan, knowing about us, the great sovereign, where we were at that time, suffering from those Polish and Lithuanian people immense torture, about He didn’t tell us, the great sovereign, to those Polish and Lithuanian people where we were at that time, and the Polish and Lithuanian people tortured him to death.” 1) the Livonian War 2) the Time of Troubles 3) the Northern War 4) the oprichnina 0148E7 ________________________________________ To what time and phenomenon does the concept of “Seven Boyars” refer? 1) the Time of Troubles 2) the transformations of Peter the Great 3) the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible 4) the uprising under the leadership of S. Razin 94CE99 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the historian’s essay and indicate with which event the given facts are connected. “The painful wait for a decision on the fate of the Russian state has begun again. Meanwhile, a Polish garrison was introduced into the capital, and the shipment of royal treasures to Poland began under the pretext of preparing for the wedding of Vladislav. From near Smolensk, where negotiations between the Russian ambassadors and Sigismund took place, alarming news began to arrive. The king refused to fulfill the conditions of the Russian side, continuously besieged Smolensk, wanting to seize it by force, and did not send his son. Soon the news came that all the stubborn ambassadors, including Filaret, were arrested and sent into Polish captivity.” 1) the Livonian War 2) the Time of Troubles 3) the Smolensk War 4) the conclusion of the Deulin Truce B45E81 ________________________________________ Read an excerpt from the historian’s essay and name the church figure in question. “Coming from a peasant background and becoming a monk, thanks to his remarkable abilities, he advanced far in the church hierarchy; by the time Alexei ascended the throne, he was the archimandrite of the Novospassky Monastery. The young pious Tsar was undoubtedly greatly influenced by this talented Orthodox preacher. They developed a close relationship. And as a result, with the support of Alexei Mikhailovich, in 1649 he became Metropolitan of Novgorod, and in 1652 - Patriarch.” 1) Filaret 2) Job 3) Avvakum 4) Nikon ABB1AA _________________________________________ In what year, according to the chronicles, did the Mongol-Tatars, led by Khan Batu, capture Ryazan? 1) 1113 2) 1237 3) 1380 4) 1480 4B9C53 ________________________________________ Which of the following events happened before all the others? 1) Battle of the Neva 2) baptism of Rus' 3) annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia 4) Battle of Kulikovo 2754AA ________________________________________ The name of Alexander Nevsky is associated with the events of which century? 1) X century 2) XI century. 3) XIII century. 4) XIV century. F10A42 ________________________________________ In what century did the Astrakhan Khanate annex to Russia? 1) XIV century. 2) XV century. 3) XVI century 4) XVII century. 97E81D ________________________________________ In what century was the independence of Veliky Novgorod eliminated and it was annexed to Moscow? 1) XIII century. 2) XIV century. 3) XV century. 4) XVI century C21AD4 ________________________________________ Which of the listed princes ruled later than all the others? 1) Dmitry Donskoy 2) Svyatoslav Igorevich 3) Ivan III 4) Alexander Nevsky 2F3D6C ________________________________________ In what century did the Rurik dynasty end with the death of the sons of Ivan the Terrible? 1) XIV century. 2) XV century. 3) XVI century 4) XVII century. 499310 ________________________________________ In what years did Ivan the Terrible carry out the oprichnina policy? 1) 1325 – 1340 2) 1462 – 1505 3) 1565 – 1572 4) 1606 – 1610 8B7F0A ________________________________________ In the XI - XIII centuries. main material served for writing in Veliky Novgorod 1) ...
a) the emergence of manufactures;
b) specialization of regions in the production of certain goods;
c) the formation of an all-Russian market;
d) production by peasants of products for sale.
Who constituted the main military force of S. Razin's army?
a) Zaporozhye Cossacks;
b) Don Cossacks And;
c) Siberian Cossacks;
d) Simbirsk nobles.
Which people were not part of the Russian state in the 17th century?
a) Kalmyks;
c) Kyrgyz;
What literary work was created in the 17th century?
a) The Tale of the Shemyakin Court;
b) The Legend of the Princes of Vladimir;
c) A book about poverty and wealth;
d) The Tale of Peter and Fevronia.
What document is associated with the name A.L. Ordina-Nashchokina?
a) Cathedral Code;
b) New Trade Charter;
c) Trade regulations;
d) Kalyazinskaya petition.
What dates are associated with Russian foreign policy?
a) 1654, 1667, 1681;
b) 1640, 1655, 1666;
c) 1620, 1631, 1677;
d) 1648, 1662, 1670
What was the role of the Zemsky Sobor at the beginning of the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich.
a) he did not play a noticeable role, rarely met;
b) never met during all the years of his reign;
c) soon after the election of the Tsar, he transferred his functions to the Boyar Duma;
d) ruled the country together with the king, sitting almost constantly.
What provision was contained in the Council Code?
a) merger of patrimony and estate;
b) permission for nobles not to serve;
c) attaching privately owned peasants to the land forever;
d) abolition of localism and feeding.
What was the essence of the monetary reform of the mid-17th century?
a) withdrawal of copper money from circulation;
b) replacing silver coins with paper money;
c) replacing silver money with copper money;
d) introduction throughout Russia of a single monetary unit - the ruble.
Who was the actual co-ruler of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich?
a) Patriarch Nikon;
b) Patriarch Filaret;
c) boyar B. Morozov;
d) boyar V. Matveev.
Russia in the 17th century
Section B
Read the text and write what event it describes.
“The people then began to unanimously and loudly cry out and very persistently seek Morozov, as well as Trakhaniotov... Immediately after lunch, a large and terrible fire broke out in five different places in the city, which in thirteen or fourteen hours devastated half of Moscow, turning it into a pile of ash. In total, about ten thousand households were burned in this fire; and since there were many different houses in different courtyards, it can be estimated that about fifteen thousand houses were burned... The rebels captured several scoundrels who were arsonists... and they openly admitted that they had been bribed by Morozov in order to take revenge on the people, as well as other nobles, his opponents. The people, having learned about this, became even more bitter against Morozov and demanded that he be extradited without any delay...” (Salt riot)
Read an excerpt from G. Kotoshikhin’s essay and determine which department it is talking about. Write its name in the text.
“And in it sits the Duma clerk, and two clerks, 14 clerks. And in that Order the affairs of all surrounding states are known, and foreign ambassadors are received and they receive leave; Also, Russian ambassadors and envoys and messengers are sent to whichever state they arrive, their leave is according to the same Order; Yes, for translation and interpretation of translators of Latin, Svean, German, Polish, Tatar, and other languages, with 50 people, interpreters with 70 people...” (Embassy order)
3. Match the concepts and definitions:
Read an excerpt from the document and write its title.
“There will also be some votchinniki and landowners who will teach the sovereign to bash their foreheads about their runaway peasants and about the peasants, and they will say that their peasants and peasants, having run out because of them, live in the palace villages, and in the black volosts, or in the suburbs of the townspeople , or in the archers, or in the Cossacks, or in the gunners... and for all sorts of patrimonial landowners and landowners, and those peasants and peasants should be handed over to the court and for investigation according to the scribe books... And to hand over the fugitive peasants and peasants from the run according to the scribe books all sorts of ranks for people without formal years. And whoever gets the chance to hand over the runaway peasants and peasants in court and for investigation, and hand over those peasants with their wives and children and with all their bellies, and with standing (unharvested) bread and milked (harvested) ...” (Council Code. Peasants' Court)
Match events and dates.
(...) Chapter XI. The trial of the peasants. And there are 34 articles in it
1. Which sovereigns of palace villages and black volosts, peasants and nobles, having run out from the sovereign's palace villages and black volosts, live for the patriarch or for the metropolitans, and for the archbishops, and for the bishop, or for the monasteries or for the boyars, or for the okolnichy and for the Duma, and for housekeepers, and for stewards, and for solicitors, and for Moscow nobles, and for clerks, and for tenants, and for city nobles and boyar children, and for foreigners and for all sorts of patrimonial landowners and landowners, and in scribe books, which books scribes submitted orders to the Local and (s) after the Moscow fire of the last year 134, those runaway peasants, or their fathers. Written for the sovereign, and looking for those sovereign runaway peasants and peasants to be brought to the sovereign's palace villages and black volosts, to their old lots, according to the scribe books with their wives and children and with all their Peasant bellies without due years.
2. There will also be some votchinniki and landowners who will teach the sovereign to beat their foreheads about their runaway peasants and about the peasants, and they will say that their peasants and peasants, having run out because of them, live in the sovereign’s palace villages, and in black volosts, or for posads in the townspeople, or in the archers, or in the Cossacks, or in the gunners, or in some of the service people in Zamoskovny and in the Ukrainian cities, or for the patriarch, or for the metropolitans, or for the archbishops and bishops, or for monasteries, or for boyars, and for okolniki, and for Duma councilors, and for chamber people, and for captains, and for attorneys, and for Moscow nobles, and for clerks, and for tenants, and for city nobles and children boyars, and for foreigners, and for all sorts of patrimonial landowners and landowners: and those peasants and landowners in court and in search of the scribes, which the scribes gave to the Local Order after the Moscow fire last year 134, will be those of their fugitive peasants, either their fathers of those fugitive peasants are written after them in those scribe books, or after those scribe books the same peasants, or their children at new dachas are written after them in separate or abandoned books. And to give away runaway peasants and peasants from the races according to the scribe books of all ranks to people without formal years.
(...) 9. And which peasants and peasants were written after them in the census books of the past, 154 and 155, and after those census books, because of those people for whom they were written in the census books, ran away or will be taken into account in the future run: and those runaway peasants and peasants, and their brothers, and children, and nephews, and their grandchildren with their wives and children and with all their bellies, and with standing bread and with milk (to give from the run to those people because of whom they they will run out, according to the census books, without assigned years, and henceforth, no one else’s peasants will be accepted by anyone, and no one will keep them with them.
(...) 22. And those Christian children learn to deny their fathers and mothers: those too will be tortured. (...)
30. And for which the landowners and patrimonial owners, peasants and lords, in scribes, or in separate or in refuse books, and in the extracts written on their local and on patrimonial lands separately, and to those landowners and patrimonial lords of their peasants from their local lands to patrimonial lands Do not reduce your lands, and therefore do not empty your estates.
(...) 32. And whose peasants and peasants will learn from whom to hire for work, and those peasants and peasants will be hired to work from all ranks of people according to records, and without records in abundance. And for those people from whom they are hired, do not place housing and loan records and service bonds on them and do not attach anything to them, and as soon as those hirelings work off them, they must release them from themselves without any detention. (...)
Chapter XIX. About the townspeople. And there are 40 articles in it
1. Which settlements in Moscow are patriarchs and metropolitans, and rulers, and monasteries, and boyars and okolniki and duma and neighbors, and all sorts of ranks of people, and in those settlements live trade and craft people and engage in all sorts of trade trades and own shops, and the sovereign's They don’t pay taxes, and they don’t serve, and all those settlements with all the people who live in those settlements are all taken into taxation by the sovereign and into service without flight and irrevocably, including enslaved people. And the enslaved people, upon questioning, will say that they are eternal, give them to the people whose they are, and order them to be brought to their yards. And those who are enslaved people, and their fathers and parents were townspeople, or from sovereign volosts: and these should be allowed to live in towns. And henceforth, apart from the sovereign’s settlements, there will be no one’s settlements in Moscow or in the cities. And from the Patriarch of the Settlement, take away completely those courtyard people who, since ancient times, behind the previous patriarchs lived in their patriarchal ranks, the children of the boyars, singers, clerks, clerks, stokers, watchmen, cooks and bakers, grooms and other ranks of his courtyard people, who are given an annual salary And . (...)
5. And those settlements of the patriarch and ruler, and monastic, and boyar, and duma and all ranks of people near Moscow, and those settlements with all sorts of industrial people, besides bonded people, therefore, according to the investigation, take for the sovereign. And the old peasants who have arable land will appear after asking for their estates and estates, and brought to those lands, and from those settlements, order those people from whom those settlements will be taken to be brought to their estates and estates. And those arable peasants in Moscow and in the cities will have shops and cellars and saltworks, and they will sell those shops and cellars and saltworks to the sovereign's tax people, and from now on no one will keep the shops and cellars and saltworks.
6. And for the pastures of everyday life near Moscow, on all sides from Zemlyanoy Gorod, I will cut two versts from each other, and measure out those pastures with a new fathom, which, according to the sovereign’s decree, was made into three arshins, and in a verst they made a thousand fathoms.
7. And which patriarchs, and rulers and monasteries, and boyars and okolnichi and duma and all ranks of people of the settlement, are established in cities on the sovereign's posad lands, or on white places, on purchased and not purchased, or on livestock releases without the sovereign decree: and those settlements with all the people and lands, upon request, were taken into settlement without years and irrevocably, for this reason, do not build settlements on the sovereign’s land, and do not buy the settlement’s land. (...)
11. And who in the cities are archers, and Cossacks, and dragoons in all sorts of trade trades, and sit in shops, and those archers and Cossacks, and dragoons, pay customs duties on their trade trades, and quitrents from the shops, and taxes on the townspeople do not pay them, and do not perform taxing services. (...)
13. And those Moscow and city townsmen who were tax-paying people themselves, or their fathers, lived in Moscow in past years, and in towns on towns and in settlements in taxation, and paid the tax, while others lived. in the suburbs and in the settlements of tax-paying people as svdeltsy and in hirelings, and now they live as pawnbrokers for the patriarch, and for metropolitans, and for archbishops, and for bishops, and for monasteries, and for boyars, and for okolnichy, and for the Duma, and for neighbors and for people of all ranks in Moscow and in cities, in their courtyards, and in estates, and in estates and on church lands, and find them all and take them to their old towns, where anyone lived ahead of this, flightless and irrevocable. And let all those people who will be taken for the sovereign not be registered as pledgers for anything, and peasants and people will not be called anyone’s. And in the future they will learn to lay down forfeits and call themselves whose peasants or people; and for this they inflict a cruel punishment, beat them with a trade whip and exile them to Siberia to live on the Lena. Yes, and those people who will teach them to accept them as pawnbrokers in advance, according to the same life from the sovereign in great disgrace, and the lands where those pawnbrokers are behind them, will in advance make jigs, take them to the sovereign. (...)
21. And those townspeople gave the daughters of their girls in marriage to all sorts of people, and those wave people should not be taken into black settlements by their wives.
22. And those water people married the tax widows of the townspeople, and having married they left the tax, and the former husbands of those wives of theirs are written in the scribe books on the estates in the tax, and those people who married the wives of the tax people should be taken to the town for this purpose that they married tax-paying wives and went to their houses.
23. And the townspeople accepted their sons-in-law into their houses, and gave their daughters for them so that their son-in-law could live in their houses, feed them and feed them, and for all of them they would pay taxes in hundreds and in settlements; and if they marry someone, they will be taken to prison. (...) 37. And there will be someone’s old people, or enslaved people, or peasants and peasants, who are written down in the scribe’s books, running around to marry someone in Moscow and in the cities of townspeople, daughters, girls, or widows, and such runaway people to the fortresses, and the peasants from the suburbs according to the scribe books, with their wives and children, to those people for whom they run away, and in the suburbs, do not take their wives as a tax.
(...) 39. And those tax people sell their yards with a tax bill, and write mortgages instead of bills of sale, and those of their yards are overdue, and those people to whom they have overdue mortgages whitewash them, and to black people in black hundreds and settlements of tax yards and yard spaces should not be mortgaged by untaxable people, and should not be sold. And whoever sells, or mortgages a tax yard to white people, will take those yards and give them away without money in the hundreds, and according to mortgages, those who have those yards were mortgaged in money will refuse. And those black people will sell their yards, or mortgage them, and those black people will be whipped for theft.
40. And those who have all sorts of ranks among Russian people have yards in Moscow in China and in the White and Zemlyanoy Gorod in suburban settlements, and do not buy those yards and courtyards from Russian people for Germans and German widows, and do not mortgage them. And which Germans and their wives and children buy yards or courtyards from Russian people, or take out mortgages against Russian people, and bring the bills of sale and mortgages to the note in the Zemsky Prikaz, and do not write down those bills of sale and mortgages. And if some Russian people teach the Germans, or German women, to sell yards and courtyard places, and for this they will be in disgrace from the sovereign. And in the German courtyards where German kerks were placed, those kerks will be broken, and in the future in China and in the White and Zemlyanoy cities there will be no kerks in German courtyards. And they lived outside the city behind Zemlyan, from the churches of God in distant places.
Quote According to the Reader on the History of the USSR. XVI – XV centuries. / Ed. A. A. Zimina./Compiled V. A. Alexandrov and VD. Koretsky. – M., 1962.
4. What has changed in the situation of the townspeople? Compare their situation with the situation of the peasants.
If someone of other faiths, whatever their faith, or even a Russian person, lays blasphemy on the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ, or on the Most Pure Lady and Ever-Virgin Mary who gave birth to him, or on the honorable cross, or on his saints, let it be found out about this straight up, and having exposed that blasphemer, execute and burn. If someone has any intention of planning an evil deed on the sovereign's health, and someone informs about his evil intention, and according to that information, the intention is directly discovered, such a person will be executed by death. Also, there will be someone who wants to take possession of the Moscow state and become sovereign, who will teach the Tsar’s Majesty to be friends with his enemies, and refer with letters of advice, and help them in every way to repair. Such a traitor must be executed by death. And take the estates and fiefdoms and treacherous lives to the sovereign. And the wives and children of such traitors knew about their betrayal, and they were executed for the same reason. And someone will discover in which people there is a conspiracy or some other evil intent. If he doesn’t inform the sovereign about this, he will be executed by death without any mercy. There will also be some patrimonial owners and landowners who will teach the sovereign to confront the sovereign about their runaway peasants and the peasants and the peasants who are in search of them, to give them according to the scribe’s books without the required years. They seek justice for their peasants and they are the nobles and boyars’ children who are held accountable in all cases, except for theft and robbery, and red-handed murder and capital murder. Which settlements in Moscow do not pay the sovereign's taxes and do not serve in services, and those settlements with all the people who live in those settlements, take everyone for the sovereign as a tax and into service without flight and irrevocably, including enslaved people.
And henceforth, apart from the sovereign’s settlements, there will be no one’s settlements in Moscow or in the cities.
Trade and craft people of all ranks were distributed into tax hundreds, and those people will henceforth irrevocably belong to the sovereign, wherever anyone is given as tax. Document No. 55 From the composition of Yuri Krizhanich*"Policy"Questions and tasks for document No. 55:
- Analyze the above fragment and determine the author’s attitude towards Russia. Support your opinion with fragments of text. What does the author accuse the Russian people of? What does he see as the reasons for these shortcomings? Do you agree with the author? Support your answer with facts you know.
merciless robbers and murderers, foul-mouthed people and slobs. Where does this come from? Because every place is full of taverns, and monopolies, and prohibitions, and tax farmers, and kissers, and seizers, and customs officers, and secret informers, so that people are tied up everywhere and everywhere and cannot do anything of their own free will and not can freely use what they have obtained through their labor and sweat. They must do everything and trade secretly and silently, with fear, trembling and deceit, they must hide from these numerous servants, robbers and villains, or rather, executioners. And these kissers and tormentors of peasants themselves, not receiving sufficient payment, cannot act justly, but need forces them to seek self-interest and take gifts from thieves.
Thus, people, accustomed to doing everything secretly and like thieves, with fear and deception, forget about all honor, lose military courage and become rude, discourteous and sloppy. They do not know how to value honor and do not know the differences between people, and from the very first words they usually ask any stranger: “Do you have a wife?” And the second question: “What royal salary do you receive, how much property do you have, are you rich?” They are not ashamed if they are seen naked in the bathhouse. And if they need someone’s mercy, then they disgustingly disgrace themselves, and humiliate, and beg, and beat their foreheads to the floor until they are disgusted.” Document No. 56 From “The Life of Archpriest Avvakum”*: about the church reform of Patriarch Nikon Questions and tasks for document No. 56:
- How did Habakkuk understand the meaning of church reform? How does Avvakum feel about the reform and personally about Nikon and why?
What does Habakkuk call believers to? Justify your attitude to this.
Name the forms of struggle against the followers of Habakkuk. What do you think brought representatives of different classes to the camp of Habakkuk’s supporters? What does this indicate?
Document No. 57
“A Lovely Letter” by Stepan Razin*Questions and tasks for the document№ 57: 1. Fill the table. 2. Why do you think Razin calls for standing for the Tsar? What does this indicate? Certificate from Stepan Timofeevich from Razin Stepan Timofeevich writes to you of all the mob. Who wants to serve God and the sovereign and Stepan Timofeevich, and I sent out the Cossacks, and for one thing you should bring out the traitors and the worldly bloodsuckers. And my Cossacks will begin to repair as a trade, and you should go to their council, and the enslaved and disgraced would go to the regiment of my Cossacks. You, black Russian people and Tatars and Chuvashs, should stand for the house of the Most Holy Theotokos and for all the saints, and for the great sovereign Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. And those nobles and children of boyars and Murzas and Tatars, who for one thing also wanted to stand for the house of the Most Holy Theotokos and for all the saints and for the great sovereign and you mob, those nobles and children of boyars and Murzas and Tatars cannot be touched by anything And do not destroy their houses. From Stepan Razin’s address to those who transferred on his side to the archers: Now take revenge on your tormentors, who kept you in captivity worse than the Tatars and Turks: I came to give you benefits and freedom! You are my brothers and children, and you will be as rich as me if you remain faithful and brave to me! * Razin Stepan Timofeevich(1630-1671) - Don Cossack, leader of the peasant-Cossack uprising in 1670. He sent “charming letters” throughout the country (from the word “to seduce” - to attract), of which only one has survived.Document No. 58
Foreign news of the uprisingStepan Razin. (Newspaper and chronicle reports)Questions and tasks for document No. 58:- IN What is unique about this source? What demands did the rebels put forward? Can this list be considered exhaustive? Do you think the demands listed by the author reflect the true goals and reasons for the uprising? How does the author characterize the leader of the rebels? What qualities does it give him? Why do you think the letter writer devotes significant space to describing the execution of the rebel leader? Why and why, in your opinion, “the details of this execution are quite interesting” for the author of the letter? How does the author of the source characterize the king’s attitude to the events described? Underline the phrases that the author uses to describe the king’s behavior during the uprising, his feelings and the specific actions he took. Do you agree with such assessments? Explain your answer.
that Dolgorukov, the commander of the Grand Duke's troops, having recovered from a dangerous illness, is gathering a strong army to oppose the rebels, whose number has reached 200,000 people. They also say that the Persian king is in agreement with them [the rebels] and promised to send them help from the Caspian Sea.
"NEWSPAPER", No. 42 (extraordinary issue dated 10.IV. 1671, containing a continuation of Polish affairs in a letter from Warsaw) ... [The Grand Duke of Moscow] is in considerable difficulty due to the ongoing rebellion in his possessions, which some of his neighbors seem to want to take advantage of in order to take revenge for not were able to conclude no agreements with him. There is also a rumor that the Persian king is at one with the leader of the rebels and promised to send him help; however, the news received in this regard is not very reliable, and at present there is no clarity regarding the progress of these affairs. At the beginning of last month it was reported that the rebels, developing their successes, forced the Grand Duke, who was afraid of a complete revolution in the country, to offer their leader an agreement and that he, intoxicated with his victories, refused to talk about it until many of his daring plans had been carried out. demands that you may already know about, namely: that he be recognized as the title of Prince of Astrakhan and the rest of the lands of which he became the owner; so that he would be paid two million in gold to distribute to the troops; that he be given twenty persons whom he names, and that the patriarch, who was removed several years ago, be restored. In conclusion, he declared that he would continue his victorious campaign as long as fortune favored him. The Grand Duke, frightened by such a daring answer and feeling insecure in Moscow, was preparing to leave and seek refuge in Arkhangelsk on the White Sea, where many merchants of different nations were also going to follow him, taking with them their most valuable property. Then it was reported that the highest Muscovite officers went to fight him [Razin] and that he defeated them and, easily continuing what he started, annexed several other principalities to the already conquered Kazan kingdom. Many office