The total length of Russia's borders is the longest in the world, because our country is the largest on the planet. We are also ahead of everyone in the number of neighbors - 18
And our country, like no other, has enclaves, exclaves and semi-exclaves, that is, territories that belong to the Russian Federation, but do not have a common border with it - located on the territory of other countries.
Some discrepancies
62,262 kilometers is the total length of the land border and it is divided like this - the sea border, stretching for 37,636.6 kilometers, is much longer than the land border, equal to 24,625.3 km. It should be noted that the data in some sources differs. Inconsistencies occur due to the annexation of Crimea. Of the total length of maritime borders, the largest part, namely 19,724.1 km, falls on the Arctic sector, that is, on the northern border of Russia.
Border in the north
The eastern border also runs exclusively along the seas, but this time the Pacific Ocean - it accounts for 16,997.9 km of the total water border of Russia. The length of Russia's maritime borders is one of the longest in the world. Its shores are washed by 13 seas, and our country is the first in the world in this indicator. What seas do our country’s cordons pass through? In the north, Russia is washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean. Located from west to east, they follow in this order: Barents and Kara, Laptev and East Siberian.
The easternmost one is In the western part there is also the White Sea, which washes Russia, but it is completely internal. Except for part of the westernmost Barents, all the rest are covered with pack ice (slid down from continental glaciers) of perennial ice, which makes the passage of ships through them very difficult and only possible with the help of True, now the ice is melting so much that unknown islands are appearing from under it. The entire territory from the northern shores to the Pole belongs to Russia. And all the islands, except a few in the Spitsbergen archipelago, belong to our country.
Eastern Frontiers
The maritime boundaries themselves lie at a distance of 22 km from the coastline. In addition, there is such a thing as a maritime economic zone. It extends from the mainland and islands for 370 km. What does it mean? And the fact is that ships from all over the world can sail in these waters, and only Russia has the right to extract minerals from the bottom of the seas and conduct other economic activities.
The length of Russia's borders in the east, as mentioned above, is 16,997.9 km. Here the borders pass through the following seas: Bering, Okhotsk and Japan, which does not freeze in winter, belonging to the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern neighbors are the USA and Japan. The border with the United States, whose length is 49 km, runs through the islands of Romanov and Kruzenshtern. The first belongs to Russia, the second to the USA. The border between Russia and Japan runs along the La Perouse Strait with a total length of 194.3 km.
Borders along the western and southern seas
The nine seas of the north and east are listed. What are the names of the other four along which the border runs? Baltic, Caspian, Black and Azov. Which countries does Russia border on these seas? The total length of Russia's western border is 4222.2 km, of which 126.1 km is on the Baltic Sea coast. The northern part of this sea freezes in winter, and ship movement is only possible with the help of icebreakers. "Window to Europe" allows you to trade with everyone
Along the Black and Azov Seas, Russia borders with Ukraine, and along the Caspian Sea with Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. It should be noted that the total length of Russia’s borders includes 7 thousand km along rivers and 475 km along lakes.
Length of borders with neighbors in the west
The land border runs mainly in the west and south of Russia. Here the neighbors are Norway and Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. From Poland to Russia. In the south, our neighbors are Abkhazia, Georgia (its common border with Russia in the middle is broken by the border of South Ossetia), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China and the DPRK in the southeast.
The total length of Russia's land borders between its neighbors is divided as follows. The land border with Norway is 195.8 km, of which 152.8 km along seas, rivers and lakes. Our land borders with Finland stretch for 1271.8 km (180.1). With Estonia - 324 km (235.3), with Latvia - 270.5 km (133.3), with Lithuania (Kaliningrad region) - 266 km (233.1). The Kaliningrad region has a border with Poland of 204.1 km (0.8). Further on, for 1239 km, there is a completely land border with Belarus. The length of Russia's borders with Ukraine is 1925.8 km (425.6).
Southern neighbors
The border with Georgia is 365 km, Abkhazia and South Ossetia share 329 km. The Georgian-Russian border itself split into two parts - western and eastern, between which the 70-kilometer Russian-South Ossetian border was wedged. The Russian-Azerbaijani border is 390.3 km. The longest border between Russia and Kazakhstan is 7512.8 (1576.7 km passes along the seas, rivers and lakes). 3485 km is the length of the Russian-Mongolian borders. Then the border with China stretches for 4209.3 km, and with the DPRK it is only 30 km. 183 thousand border guards guard the borders of our vast homeland.
Russia has common borders with a number of European countries. Russia (Murmansk region) and Norway have 196 km of borders. The length of the border between Russia (Murmansk region, Karelia, Leningrad region) and Finland is 1340 km. A border line of 294 km separates Estonia and the Leningrad and Pskov regions of Russia. The Russian-Latvian border is 217 km long and separates the Pskov region from the territory of the European Union. The Kaliningrad region, located somewhat, has 280 km of border with Lithuania and 232 km with Poland.
The total length of Russia's borders, according to the border service, is 60,900 km.
Western and southwestern borders.
Russia has 959 km of common border with Belarus. Russia and Ukraine share 1,974 km of land and 321 km of sea border. With Belarus are the Pskov, Smolensk and Bryansk regions, and with Ukraine - the Bryansk, Belgorod, Voronezh and Rostov regions. In the Caucasus Mountains region, Russia has 255 km of border with Abkhazia, 365 km with Georgia, 70 km with South Ossetia (or 690 km of border with Georgia according to the UN), as well as 390 km of border strip with Azerbaijan. Abkhazia is bordered by the Krasnodar Territory and Karachay-Cherkessia, and Georgia is bordered by Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan. With South Ossetia North Ossetia. Dagestan borders Azerbaijan.
Estonia, Latvia, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Japan are trying to dispute some of Russia’s border territories.
Southern borders.
The longest border of the Russian Federation is with Kazakhstan – 7512 km. The Russian regions bordering Central Asia are the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk regions, as well as the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic. Russia has a 3,485 km border with Mongolia. Mongolia is bordered by Altai, Tuva, Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory. Russia has a 4,209 km border with the People's Republic of China. This border separates the Altai Republic, Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Okrug, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories from China. Primorsky Krai also has a 39 km border with North Korea.
Russia shares exclusive economic zone borders with Norway, the USA, Japan, Abkhazia, Ukraine, Sweden, Estonia, Finland, North Korea, Turkey, Poland and Lithuania.
Maritime borders.
Russia borders by sea with 12 countries - the USA, Japan, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and North Korea.
Switzerland is a country in Western Europe. It borders on several other European countries and is landlocked; part of the border runs through the Alpine Mountains. The ancient name of Switzerland is Helvetia, or Helvetia.
Borders of Switzerland
The area of Switzerland is about 3 thousand square meters. km. There are several other states nearby. Switzerland borders Germany to the north, France to the west, Austria and Liechtenstein to the east, and Italy to the south.
A significant part of the border with Germany runs along the Rhine River, and near Schaffhausen the river crosses into Swiss territory. Then, on the eastern side, part of the border with Germany and Austria runs along the shores of Lake Borden. with France it also passes along the water shore - this is Lake Geneva, it is known for its beauty and picturesque landscapes. Of all Switzerland's borders with different countries, the longest is Italian. Its length is approximately 741 km. To feel the difference, it is useful to say that the border with France is only 570 km long, and with Germany it is about 360 km. The total length of the border with Austria and Liechtenstein is about 200 km.
Geography of Switzerland
More than half of Switzerland's territory is covered by the Alps (only 58% of the territory). Another 10% of Switzerland is occupied by the Jura Mountains. It is not surprising that the ski resorts of Switzerland are among the most popular in the world: there are many beautiful peaks and slopes. The highest mountain in the Jura system, Mont Tandre, is located in Switzerland. The highest point in Switzerland, however, is in the Alps, the Dufour peak. Lake Lago Maggiore is the most significant lake in the country.
In the central part of Switzerland there is a mountain plateau, it is called the Swiss Plateau. Most of the industry is located in this part of the country. Agriculture and cattle breeding are also especially developed here. Almost the entire population of the country lives in the Swiss Plateau.
The territory of Switzerland is largely covered by various lakes, many of which are of glacial origin. In total, as experts have calculated, the country contains about 6% of the world's fresh water reserves! Despite the fact that the country's territory is relatively small. Large rivers such as the Rhine, Rhone and Inn begin in Switzerland.
Switzerland is usually divided into 4 regions. The flattest is the northern one, where the cantons of Aargau, Glarus, Basel, Thurgau, St. Gallen and Zurich are located. The western region is already more mountainous, with Geneva, Bern, Vaud, Friborg and Neuchâtel located there. In central Switzerland there are the cantons of Unterwalden, Lucerne, Uri and Schwyz. The southern region of the country is very small in area.
Why is Switzerland called that?
The Russian name of the country goes back to the word Schwyz - this was the name of the canton (as the administrative unit is called in Switzerland), which became the nucleus for all the other cantons to unite around it in 1291. In German this canton is called Schweiz.
Video on the topic
Once upon a time, a union country called Czechoslovakia had a state border, after crossing which one could get into two completely different worlds - capitalist and socialist. The first was represented on the map by West Germany (FRG) and Austria, the second by East Germany (GDR), Poland, Hungary and the Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR). But after the well-known political events of the early 90s, the current Czech Republic has only four neighbors left - the now united Germany, Austria, Poland and Slovakia, which separated from it.
USSR, goodbye!
The current independent Czech Republic, or the Czech Republic, began to change and legally formalize immediately after leaving the CSFR (Czech and Slovak Federal Republic) on January 1, 1993. Thus, for two “transitional” years before the collapse, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) created after World War II was called. A country in which the military-political bloc of socialist countries called the “Warsaw Pact” was disbanded a little earlier.For four decades, Czechoslovakia has been building socialism, both with the capitalist Federal Republic of Germany and Austria, and with other representatives of the European socialist camp - Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, Poland and even the USSR. But, since political and closely related territorial redistributions in Europe took place not only on the territory of the former Czechoslovakia, but also in other countries of the continent, the changes turned out to be serious. Firstly, the “pro-Soviet” GDR and the “hostile” FRG, and therefore willingly accepting Czech emigrants, which became a united Germany, disappeared from the world map forever.
Secondly, after a peaceful “divorce” with Slovakia, later called “velvet”, the sovereign Czech Republic lost its common border not only with Hungary, but also with Ukraine, which had by that time left the USSR. By the way, the disintegration of Czechoslovakia into two separate states is the only such case in Europe that was not accompanied by armed conflict, bloodshed, mutual territorial border claims and other revolutionary excesses.
Finally, thirdly, the newly created country in the center of the continent has a new border - with its sister Slovakia. And the total length of the border strip was now 1880 km. In Czechoslovakia it was, naturally, longer. The longest section of the Czech border is located in the north and connects it with Poland; it is 658 km. In second place and slightly inferior to the leader is the Czech-German border in the west and north-west of the country - 646 km. The third longest is the southern state border with Austria, it reaches 362 km. And the last, fourth place is occupied by the eastern and youngest border, with Slovakia - only 214 km.
Edges at the border
Individual regions of the Czech Republic are called “regions” and almost all of them border on one or even two neighboring countries. In particular, the South Bohemian Region, with its capital in the city of Ceske Budejovice, located in the south of the historical region of Bohemia and, partly, in Moravia, has 323 km of common borders with Austria and Germany. There are four more regions adjacent to Germany - Pilsen (its capital is Pilsen, the city of Prazdroj beer and Skoda cars), Karlovy Vary (a half Russian-speaking resort town with healing springs of Karlovy Vary), Ustetsky (Usti nad Labem, famous for the Ore , Labskie and Lusatian mountains) and Liberec (Liberec). Moreover, the latter is territorially close not only to Germany (the length of the common border is 20 km), but also to Poland (130 km).With the former Polish People's Republic, with its mining Silesian region, the Czech Republic is connected by a common border in four other regions - in Pardubice (Pardubice), Kralovegrad (Hradec Kralove), Olomouc (Olomouc), where it has the longest length - 104 km, and , finally, in Moravian-Silesian (Ostrava). In the north and northeast, the Moravian-Silesian Region is in close contact with Poland, and in the southeast - with Slovakia. The Carpathian region of Zlín (Zlín) and the South Moravian region (Brno) also have a common border with a “relative”, next to which there is not only the Slovak, but also the Austrian border territory.
United Europe
In 2004, the Czech Republic entered the zone of the so-called European Union and the Schengen Agreement, removing security and opening borders for free movement. Moreover, all border states - Austria, Germany, Poland and Slovakia - also joined the European Union. All the more surprising is the fact that the first places in the number of foreigners who came to the Czech Republic not only for the sake of such popular tourism (Slovaks are out of competition), but also settled here, are occupied by Ukrainians, Vietnamese and Russians.Federation - a line and a vertical surface passing along this line that define the limits of the state territory (land, water, subsoil and airspace) of Russia, the spatial limit of the state sovereignty of the Russian Federation.
The protection of the state border is carried out by the Border Service of the FSB of Russia within the border territory, as well as by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (air defense and naval forces) - in the airspace and underwater environment. The arrangement of border checkpoints is in charge of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.
Russia recognizes the existence of borders with 18 states: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Japan and the United States, as well as the partially recognized Republic of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The length of the Russian border (excluding the annexation of Crimea in 2014) is 60,932 km according to the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation (or 62,269 km according to other data), including 38 thousand km of maritime borders; Among the land borders, 7 thousand km of borders along rivers and 475 km along lakes stand out.
Length
Russia has maritime boundaries of exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the Barents Sea, Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japan, Azov, Black and Baltic seas with the following countries: Norway, USA, Japan, North Korea, Abkhazia, Turkey, Ukraine, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland. According to the Federal Law of December 17, 1998 No. 191-FZ “On the Exclusive Economic Zone of the Russian Federation” and the corresponding UN Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, the internal border of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation is the external border of the territorial sea (territorial waters), and the external border of the EEZ is at a distance of 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
The Russian Federation is a huge country, ranking first in the world in terms of area. The states bordering Russia are located from all directions of the world, and the border itself reaches almost 61 thousand km.
Types of borders
The border of a state is the line that limits its actual area. Territory includes areas of land, water, underground minerals and airspace located within a country.
There are 3 types of borders in the Russian Federation: sea, land and lake (river). The sea border is the longest of all, it reaches about 39 thousand km. The land border is 14.5 thousand km long, and the lake (river) border is 7.7 thousand km long.
General information about all states bordering the Russian Federation
Which states does the Federation recognize its neighborhood with? 18 countries.
Name of states bordering Russia: South Ossetia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Abkhazia, Ukraine, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Norway, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, United States of America, Japan, Mongolia, China First order countries are listed here .
Capitals of states bordering Russia: Tskhinvali, Minsk, Sukhum, Kiev, Warsaw, Oslo, Helsinki, Tallinn, Vilnius, Riga, Astana, Tbilisi, Baku, Washington, Tokyo, Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Pyongyang.
South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia are partially recognized because not all countries in the world have recognized these countries as independent. Russia did this in relation to these states, therefore, it approved the neighborhood and borders with them.
Some states bordering Russia argue about the correctness of these borders. For the most part, disagreements arose after the end of the USSR.
Land borders of the Russian Federation
The states bordering Russia by land are located on the Eurasian continent. These also include lake (river) ones. Not all of them are currently protected; some of them can be crossed freely with only a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, which is not always necessarily checked.
States bordering Russia on the mainland: Norway, Finland, Belarus, South Ossetia, Ukraine, Republic of Abkhazia, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Georgia, Azeybardzhan, Mongolia, People's Republic of China, North Korea.
Some of them also have a water border.
There are Russian territories that are surrounded on all sides by foreign states. Such areas include the Kaliningrad region, Medvezhye-Sankovo and Dubki.
You can travel to the Republic of Belarus without a passport and any border control along any of the possible roads.
Maritime borders of the Russian Federation
Which states does Russia border by sea? The sea border is considered to be a line 22 km or 12 nautical miles from the coast. The country's territory includes not only 22 km of water, but also all the islands in this sea area.
States bordering Russia by sea: Japan, the United States of America, Norway, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, North Korea. There are only 12 of them. The length of the borders is more than 38 thousand km. Russia has only a maritime border with the USA and Japan; there is no land boundary line with these countries. There are borders with other states both by water and by land.
Settled disputed sections of the border
At all times, there have been disputes between countries over territories. Some of the disputing countries have already agreed and are no longer raising this issue. These include: Latvia, Estonia, People's Republic of China and Azerbaijan.
The dispute between the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan occurred over a hydroelectric complex and water intake structures that belonged to Azerbaijan, but were in fact located in Russia. In 2010, the dispute was resolved, and the border was moved to the middle of this waterworks. Now the countries use the water resources of this hydroelectric complex in equal shares.
After the collapse of the USSR, Estonia considered it unfair that the right bank of the Narva River, Ivangorod and the Pechora region remained the property of Russia (Pskov region). In 2014, the countries signed an agreement on the absence of territorial claims. The border did not suffer any noticeable changes.
Latvia, like Estonia, began to lay claim to one of the districts of the Pskov region - Pytalovsky. An agreement with this state was signed in 2007. The territory remained the property of the Russian Federation, the border did not change.
The dispute between China and Russia ended with the demarcation of the border along the center of the Amur River, which led to the annexation of part of the disputed territories to the People's Republic of China. The Russian Federation transferred 337 square kilometers to its southern neighbor, including two plots in the Tarabarov region and one plot near Bolshoy Island. The signing of the agreement took place in 2005.
Unsettled disputed sections of the border
Some disputes over territory are not closed to this day. It is not yet known when the agreements will be signed. Russia has such disputes with Japan and Ukraine.
The Crimean Peninsula is a disputed territory between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Ukraine considers the 2014 referendum illegal and Crimea occupied. The Russian Federation established its border unilaterally, while Ukraine passed a law creating a free economic zone on the peninsula.
The dispute between Russia and Japan is over the four Kuril Islands. The countries cannot come to a compromise because both believe that these islands should belong to them. These islands include Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and Habomai.
Boundaries of exclusive economic zones of the Russian Federation
An exclusive economic zone is a strip of water adjacent to the border of the territorial sea. It cannot be wider than 370 km. In this zone, the country has the right to develop subsoil resources, as well as to explore and preserve them, to create artificial structures and their use, and to study water and the bottom.
Other countries have the right to move freely through this territory, install pipelines and otherwise use this water, but they must take into account the laws of the riparian state. Russia has such zones in the Black, Chukchi, Azov, Okhotsk, Japanese, Baltic, Bering and Barents seas.
Our country occupies a huge area, so it is not surprising that its border is so long - 60,932 km. More than half of this distance is by sea - 38,807 km. To find out which states it borders on, you need to look at the political map of Eurasia. The list of our neighbors includes 18 countries, and Russia does not have common land borders with two of them.
Countries bordering Russia by land
This list includes 6 countries. The borders between them and Russia pass not only on land, but also along lakes and rivers.
- The northernmost border of our country runs between Norway(capital - Oslo) and Murmansk region. The total length is 195.8 km, of which the sea part accounts for 23.3 km. For several decades, there were territorial disputes between Russia and Norway over the shelf border, but they were resolved in 2010.
- (the capital is the city of Helsinki) borders on three constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Murmansk and Leningrad regions, as well as the Republic of Karelia. The length of the land part of the border is 1,271.8 km, the sea part is 54 km.
- (the capital is the city of Tallinn) borders only two regions - Leningrad and Pskov. By land the length of the border is 324.8 km, by sea it is approximately half as long – 142 km. It is noteworthy that the main part of the land border consists of river (along the Narva River - 87.5 km) and lake (Lake Peipsi - 147.8 km) boundaries.
- Between Lithuania(the capital is the city of Vilnius) and the Kaliningrad region also have very few actual land borders. They account for only 29.9 km. Basically, the demarcation is along lakes (30.1 km) and rivers (206 km). In addition, there are maritime borders between the countries - their length is 22.4 km.
- (the capital is the city of Warsaw) also borders the Kaliningrad region. The length of the land border is 204.1 km (of which the lake part accounts for only 0.8 km), and the sea border is 32.2 km.
- As is known, with Ukraine(the capital is the city of Kyiv) our country currently has difficult relations. In particular, the Ukrainian government has not yet recognized Russia’s rights to the Crimean Peninsula. But since this section has been recognized as a subject of the Russian Federation since 2014, the borders between these countries are as follows: land – 2,093.6 km, sea – 567 km.
- (the capital is the city of Sukhum) is another republic that separated from Georgia. It borders on the Krasnodar Territory and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The land border is 233 km long (of which 55.9 km is riverine), and the sea border is 22.4 km long.
- (the capital is the city of Baku) borders only one republic of the Russian Federation - Dagestan. It is at this point that the southernmost point of our country is located. The length of the land border here is 327.6 km (including 55.2 km along rivers), and the sea border is 22.4 km.
- Border between (the capital is Astana) and in Russia it occupies a leading position in terms of its length. It divides Kazakhstan and a number of subjects of our country - 9 regions (from Astrakhan to Novosibirsk), Altai Territory and the Altai Republic. The length of the land border is 7,512.8 km, and the sea border is 85.8 km.
- WITH (the capital is Pyongyang) our country has the shortest border. It runs along the Tumannaya River (17.3 km) and separates the DPRK from the Primorsky Territory. The sea border is 22.1 km.
There are only 2 countries that have only maritime borders with Russia.
Which states Russia borders with is a question that has to be periodically reviewed. The historical past of our country is rich in events. Russia's borders changed as a result of the collapse of empires and various military conflicts. Therefore, we can safely assume that this list will most likely be modified in the future.