We all learned a little something. Does the history of philosophy teach us anything? There are special cases of placing punctuation marks for introductory words

Yes, in the nineteenth century, if you believe Pushkin, they learned something and somehow.

And we in the Soviet Union, our pioneering twentieth century, learned little by little, what we need and what we don’t need. And now... Anything and no one knows why.

I listened to the radio today. And there again about the same thing as yesterday. What homework the whole family does with children from dusk to dawn. From dawn to dusk. And they remembered about children because one of the deputies, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education and Science, Boris Chernyshov, made a statement that homework should be cancelled! In his opinion, it is better for children to spend this time on walks fresh air. And how can you disagree with this...

Yesterday I remembered that Vladimir Vladimirovich has a wonderful video on this topic "Why do we torture children". And, of course, I watched it again. And now I remember again why I didn’t like it. I got carried away... But now I have corrected this defect too. Oh, why not like it? to a good person for a wonderful video!

But Vladimir Vladimirovich Shakhidzhanyan is not a State Duma deputy. And who knows, maybe this is the same video that the State Duma will watch and finally do the right thing.

Although, all this is so on the surface, all these homework in the Internet era... I remember the fairy tale by G.Kh. Andersen's "The King's New Clothes" and the key quote in the denouement "But the king is naked!" suddenly said some child. It is not clear how this will all end, maybe they will talk again and calm down... But we, the pioneers of the twentieth century, still believe in a bright future. And here, in my debut article on the Internet, I want to talk about my views and memories of my studies at school during the decline of the USSR.

Fortunately, I completed the “SOLO on the keyboard” course. And now I can freely write at the speed of thought.

I remember how my parents bought me such a beautiful leather satchel back then in Kharkov. With what happiness in my eyes I went to school for the first time. And then - the school was a whole world, mysterious, fantastic, magical. There were, of course, bitter days, as it seemed to me then. But this was school. School of life, the ability to make friends, forgive, ask for forgiveness, love, admire, be indignant, get out of difficult situations, look for approaches to teachers. But somewhere in between there was a work process. With textbooks, teachers and of course homework.

The main thing I remember about homework is poetry. Everyone learned poetry. Pushkin from first grade. I remember “Let’s drink out of grief, where’s the mug” - they were probably talking about tea. In addition to poetry, I remember the after-school program. In middle school. After school - we walk a lot, then do a little homework. At the same time, we had a samovar in the classroom. And for tea with bagels and funny conversations without any psychological stress, with musical breaks- they played vinyl records. Yes, we had so much fun. I had great teachers!

For the last two senior years I studied at a new school. New team. And one country was already dying, being born new country. Yes, in 1990 I went to 10th grade. And I was lucky again. Lucky with teachers. And first of all, with literature teacher Lyudmila Nikolaevna Rumyantseva. It should be noted that I was predisposed to mathematics and exact sciences. But she taught me a lot. Taught me to love books and reading. During those two years, I read so many books and learned so many new things. What a pity that those wonderful school years.

When we went through Dostoevsky, Lyudmila Nikolaevna said that “Crime and Punishment” was too difficult to master. She said, “It’s unlikely that anyone will read it.” But I read it. When she asked if anyone in the class had read it, everyone raised their hands.

Not long ago I met Lyudmila Nikolaevna on the street. I read my poem and remembered the past years.

And at school I read poetry.
So with an expression that everyone will envy!
That's why they all loved
I, like Yesenin, followed the suit.

But it was all just in childhood,
Of my past youth,
And then I became a programmer.
And now I write poetry myself! ...

When I moved to another school,
In the teachers' room we read poems one by one.
Well, my turn has come,
Come on, she tells me like this, with a sigh... uh...

Well, like, I can’t do it very well...
Then, just like now, I remember this thing!
Nekrasov. Memory of Dobrolyubov.
And then in silence she looked at me for so long...

I read so that everything in the teacher’s room thundered,
The impulses of my soul, the lines of poetry,
And she looked so confused in amazement...
That there was no edge or end to it!

And she apologized and swore that it was a bad thing.
What I just read to her. Like an orchestra
It was in that closet, and only her whole body was shaking.
I enjoyed it wholeheartedly... well, the reader's career went!!!

And I expressed the opinion that professional teacher Maybe someone like me can get used to literature. Great is the teacher who developed both those who were capable and those who were not initially predisposed to the subject. The lessons of which are expressive, infectious, magical. Great is the teacher who is surpassed by his students. A great teacher who prepared a worthy successor.

In mathematics in Last year Varvara Ivanovna taught, she incredibly developed my abilities. But even Vitalik, who was very far from mathematics, was taught to take the derivative of any complex function.

When my daughter was finishing school, Varvara Ivanovna had a reputation a good tutor. But it was difficult to get to her. You have to take the Unified State Exam. My wife tried several times to persuade me to take my daughter to study. But Varvara Ivanovna was adamant. Then I called her. She remembered me and said that she would prepare her daughter for full program. And so it happened. It’s good when they remember you and meet you halfway.

But physics was much more difficult for me. Oh, this physics, physics!

Naira Surenovna, my physicist.
I've had it for the last two years.
Ta new school that in the year ninetieth
We came to it, I’m not fully grown up.

They taught me how to make a nuclear bomb,
And how to turn anything into gold.
Yes, but I was a bad student,
At first I didn’t get into science at all.

But you called your father to the meeting,
I told him that your son is a badass.
My dad answered, not at all embarrassed
Tolik told me that the total would be five!

What five are there, she screamed for a long time!!!
I can only give a three for lard!
And Tolik said that he got a FIVE in physics!
There is no way my son could lie to me!

And then dad and the physics teacher said,
She betrayed the conversation to the whole class.
Why did you dad stress me out so much?
I had to correct my grades.

I walked long and tediously to this top five,
Naira stubbornly gave me bad marks.
But soon the answers were given at once,
Her eye sparkled from the calculation formulas.

And now in the last quarter there are five,
I have already straightened out the year to a B,
I chose physics as the exam again.
And he kept his word, a certificate of five.

Now my daughter has already grown up. My son is already 15 years old, but we don’t go to regular school. A little special. My beloved son has autism. He doesn't talk. Unfortunately, this is our fate, an unenviable one. Therefore, about my children about homework, about the chaos that happens during school years, I hear wonderful modern times only from stories on the radio.

I can’t say that in our time, during my childhood, there wasn’t an overload of tasks. Was. But we knew how to study for C grades, those who did not chase grades. I wasn't chasing grades. Well, if I know the subject. that's excellent. Well, if not, then no.

On last lesson chemistry, when everyone had already received their annual grades, it turned out that only I was able to solve one of the problems from the whole class. The teacher was ready to give me an A. But I refused. Let me have a three. If I knew the subject, then by five. And here my abilities in mathematics and physics helped. After 11th grade, the certificate had eight A's and eight C's. I am not a child prodigy and could not afford to study biology at the expense of mathematics, at the expense of football. But I still showed character even after the ninth grade.

I took biology at school
So, by the way, I didn’t like her at all.
These lymph nodes, leukocytes, my pestle
I couldn’t stand this horror, here’s a true cross for you.

And the geographer who ate the globe was our director,
I was finishing ninth grade, my brother was finishing eleventh grade.
It was a crazy year in the nineties, a bad grade straight into the certificate.
I’m not very happy about this, but neither was my brother.

My brother and I got two grades in biology this year...
My brother blurted out in class, “I have no enemies in my family.”
It’s bad, said the geographer, nothing, it’s not the first time.
I will help you, my friend, I will be your first enemy.

And only to correct the exam, so my brother passes it...
And the director comes in and asks questions.
Of course, my brother didn’t answer, he just copied it from the cheat sheet.
They put a D on his certificate and that’s how he went.

Tomorrow I have an exam, I have no time to argue with fate
In my apartment I placed a table and a textbook in front of me.
Day and night, it’s already four, I’m studying biology.
I've already read the textbook, now I'll sleep for at least an hour...

Here is ticket number one, I am writing a treatise on it.
I answer without hesitation and the teacher is very happy.
Then our geographer comes in and says, “Did he answer?”
He answered the first ticket perfectly, champion...

He said, “I didn’t hear anything, so give me a second ticket.”
I answer without hesitation, our director is not himself.
Ticket eighty-three, the third hour has already passed,
But he couldn’t find fault and didn’t find any mistakes.

They conferred and were amazed, “He’s a candidate of sciences!”
And the geographer is our director from the web of spider tears.
Well, they gave it a four, but in the end it turned out to be a three.
It was a state assessment, I’ll go through life with it...

But I believe, both then and now, that it is not necessary to teach all subjects. But if you teach, then do it with interest, brightly, beautifully, as Lyudmila Nikolaevna and Varvara Ivanovna did. Then there will be no incapables. At one time there was a teacher who called everyone “stupid”. But most likely they are not incapable stupid people. You need to learn correctly. Yes, a lot is said about this in the video of Vladimir Vladimirovich Shakhidzhanyan "Why do we torture children". And I completely agree with him.

Well, at the end I will offer you a couple of poems about love. ABOUT school love. First confession. First kiss.

Lyuba, my Lyubochka,
A new world has opened up.
repeat your name
I won't get tired again.

On the extension between the desks
She sat down nearby.
Your sweet gaze on me,
Like a bird was singing

Dropped, lured,
And she was holding a pencil case.
Your gentle soul
Everything in you was trembling.

Your charm
The soul let everything in.
I was ready for anything back then
That's the power.

First "G", our first class,
The first torment.
Girls, braid, bow,
Lyubochka, doubts.

All portals and worlds,
New consciousness
I love your first
First confession...

I went to school in first grade!
Everything was there for the first time.
There were also girls in the class.
Ira has mischievous brown eyes.

After classes everyone went home
He came out next to Ira and called him along.
I followed her, she was good
It just sounded very strange somehow.

Will you kiss? I was speechless!
Well, here you go, my Tolya. The spirit sang it.
I didn’t know what to do, but she kept saying it!
Will you kiss? The lip pattern beckons.

My heart suddenly began to beat and jump out of my chest!
Will you kiss? Irochka echoes!
I looked at Ira, bright brown eyes.
Why did this word escape you?

For me, Irina is from a girl at once,
Became a queen, light for brown eyes.
I looked into her eyes, the passion inside was burning!
We're only eight! Conscience speaks!

What are you saying, Irina, how did I live before?
You are mine forever, the voice said!
Will you kiss? Come on, Tolya, let's go!
I followed her, girl, my dream!

And there was a friend walking nearby. As it is,
Ira told her, just stay here for a moment.
And we went with her to a quiet corner,
He says kiss me, Tolya, my flower!

I tell her Irochka, my dear, my light.
How to kiss, it’s embarrassing at eight years old.
And Irochka closed her brown eyes,
And a thunderstorm made its way from my lips to Ira!

And I closed my eyes, oh heavens,
And we locked lips, maiden beauty!
And immediately your heavens opened!
And all my dreams and joys became mine!

We kissed for a long time, the heavens came together,
We kissed passionately, our lips parted!
There was an electric shock from my lips, my Irochka!
I still remember the feelings of the first for a long time.

And then I walked you home for a long time,
Every day he carried the briefcase, revealing his joy.
You loved, I loved, it was like in a movie.
And there seemed to be only one joy in life!

But the kids in the class began to notice
And different chants began to shout.
Bride and groom, I don’t care!
Well, it’s as if Ira wasn’t given a place.

And Ira said, you are defaming me!
Find someone else and let them laugh at her.
Why, I turned pale. After all, with you on the grass
We watched the sun and dreamed of happiness!

But Ira said, forget the road.
Everything that is dear to the heart is now untouchable.
She ordered harshly, go to the other one.
And I was left alone. Year eight and two.

We were eight. You will say that childhood.
I looked for love in others, but it turned out to be in vain.
Ah, my Soviet Union, fell apart early,
But he didn’t take Irochka’s wounds with him.

You left... You were nearby, desk behind the other.
A boy abused you in third grade.
You were looking for love in the wrong place, shame on you for being a bride.
I got the famous hepatitis for this.

That boy, he was bad, he was a crappy boy,
You try love early, I was waiting for you too much.
I never came close to you.
I still loved you in my heart, I feel sorry for you, stupid.

My first kiss was passionate and hot.
My lips still remember the burning heat.
Where are you, my Irochka, you are my bride,
Eh, guys, why, they disgraced childhood.

Arrange everything missing signs punctuation: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

We all learned a little bit

Something and somehow

So (1) upbringing (2) thank God (3)

It's no wonder for us to shine.

Onegin was (4) according to many (5)

(decisive and strict judges)(6)

A small scientist, but a pedant.

He had a lucky talent

Without coercion in conversation (7)

Touch (8) lightly to everything,

WITH scientific-looking connoisseur

And make the ladies smile

Fire of unexpected epigrams.

(Alexander Pushkin)

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Let's give the correct spelling.

We all learned a little bit

Something and somehow

So by upbringing, God bless,

It's no wonder for us to shine.

Onegin was according to many

(decisive and strict judges),

A small scientist, but a pedant.

He had a lucky talent

No coercion in conversation

Touch everything lightly

With the learned air of a connoisseur

Remain silent in an important dispute

And make the ladies smile

Fire of unexpected epigrams.

"So" is in this text not an introductory word, it is an adverb.

Commas 2 and 3 for an introductory word; 4 and 6 also for introductory words.

Notice why there is no number: 5 in brackets there is an insert sentence, and after it there is a comma.

Answer: 2346

Answer: 2346

Relevance: Current academic year

Difficulty: normal

Codifier section: Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence

Rule: Introductory words and appeal. Task 18 of the Unified State Exam.

Task 18 tests the ability to put punctuation marks on words that are grammatically unrelated to the sentence. These include introductory words (constructions, phrases, sentences), plug-in constructions and addresses

In the Unified State Exam 2016-2017, one part of tasks 18 will be presented in the form declarative sentence with introductory words

The dacha (1) can be (2) called the cradle from which for each of us the comprehension of the world began, initially limited to the garden, then to the huge street, then to the plots and (3) finally (4) to the entire country side.

The other part (judging by the demo version and the book by I.P. Tsybulko Typical exam materials 2017) will look like this:

Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Listen (1)maybe (2)when we leave

Forever this world, where our souls are so cold,

Perhaps (3) in a country where they do not know deception,

You (4) will be an angel, I will become a demon!

Swear then to forget (5) dear (6)

For a former friend, all the happiness of heaven!

Let (7) the gloomy exile, condemned by fate,

It will be heaven for you, and you will be the universe for me!

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Let's look at the rules and concepts necessary to implement of this type tasks.

17.1 General concept of introductory words and the basic rule for highlighting them.

Introductory words are words (or phrases) that are not grammatically related to the sentence and introduce additional semantic nuances. For example: Obviously, communication with children develops many good qualities in a person; Fortunately, the secret remains a secret.

These meanings are conveyed not only by introductory words, but also introductory sentences . For example: Evening, Do you remember, the blizzard was angry... (Pushkin).

The introductory units are adjacent to plug-in structures, which contain various additional comments, amendments and clarifications. Plug-in constructions, like introductory ones, are not related to other words in the sentence. They abruptly break the sentence. For example: Magazines foreign literature (two) I ordered to be sent to Yalta ; Masha talked to him about Rossini (Rossini was just coming into fashion), about Mozart.

The main mistake of most writers is related to inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be highlighted, and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker’s feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to chagrin, to horror, unfortunately, what good...

2. introductory words expressing the speaker’s assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, indisputably, obviously, certainly, probably, perhaps, truly, perhaps, should be, it seems, in all likelihood, apparently, essentially, essentially, I think... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.

3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts presented and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand… This group is also quite large and insidious.

4. introductory words indicating techniques and ways of forming thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak...

5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, according to..., according to rumors, according to information..., in opinion..., in my opinion, I remember...

6. introductory words representing the speaker’s address to the interlocutor: you see, you know, understand, forgive, please agree...

7. introductory words indicating an assessment of the measure of what is being said: at most, at least...

8. introductory words showing the degree of commonality of what was said: it happens, it happens, as usual...

9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the statement: All jokes aside, it’s funny to say, to be honest, between you and me...

17.1. 1 THE following words ARE NOT INTRODUCTORY WORDS and therefore are not set off with commas in the letter:

literally, as if, in addition, suddenly, after all, here, there, hardly, after all, ultimately, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which are most often mistakenly isolated as introductory ones.

by tradition, by advice..., by direction..., by request..., by order..., by plan... - these combinations act as non-isolated (not separated by commas) members of the sentence:

On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University.

By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet.

17.1. 2 Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence.

MAYBE and COULD BE, MUST BE, IT SEEMED (SEEMED) act as introductory ones if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported:

Maybe, will I come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; May be, he is ill. You, there must be, this is the first time you encounter such a phenomenon. I, Seems, I saw him somewhere.

The same words can appear as predicates:

What can meeting you bring me? How can a person be so unnecessary! It should be yours independent decision. This all seems very suspicious to me. Note: you can never remove its predicate from a sentence, but the introductory word can.

OBVIOUSLY, POSSIBLY, VISIBLY turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement:

You, obviously, do you want to apologize for your actions? Next month I Maybe, I'm going to go on vacation. You, it is seen, do you want to tell us the whole truth?

These same words can be included in predicates:

It became obvious to everyone that we needed to look for another way to solve the problem. This became possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.

SURELY, TRUE, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of what is being reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced with words of this group that are close in meaning) - You, probably (=must be), and you don’t understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, is that same Sidorov? She, exactly, was a beauty. All these discussions naturally, so far only our assumptions.

These same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He translated the text correctly (= correctly, circumstance of the course of action). I don’t know for sure (=certainly, the circumstance of the course of action), but he had to do it to spite me. The student accurately (=correctly) solved the problem. This naturally (=naturally) led us to the only correct answer.

BTW is an introductory word if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He's a good athlete. By the way, he studies well too.

This same word does not act as an introductory word in the meaning of “at the same time”:

I'll go for a walk, by the way, I'll buy some bread.

BY THE WAY it turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts:

Her parents, friends and by the way, best friend against the trip.

This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context:

He said long speech, in which he incidentally noted that he would soon become our boss.

FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word, it indicates the connection of thoughts:

First of all(=firstly), is it necessary to raise such a sensitive topic at all?

The same word can act as an adverbial adverb of time (= first):

First of all, I want to say hello from your parents.

It must be said that in the same phrase “first of all” can be considered either introductory or not, depending on the will of the author.

REALLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, UNCONDITIONALLY, ACTUALLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported:

From this hill really(=exactly, in fact, without any doubt), the most best view. Undoubtedly(=really, really), your child is capable of music. He, undoubtedly, read this novel. - or to the method of forming thoughts - Here, actually, and the whole story.

The same words are not introductory if they appear in other meanings:

I really am what you imagined me to be (=in reality, in fact). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= without a doubt, in fact). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (=very, quite right). I had nothing actually against the school, but I didn’t want to go to this one (=in general, exactly). The words “really” and “unconditionally,” depending on the intonation proposed by the speaker, can be either introductory or not in the same context.

AND, Then, she turned out to be a celebrity. Further, we will tell you about our conclusions. Thus(=so), our results do not at all contradict those obtained by other scientists. She's smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, in the end, what do you want from me? Typically, sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations; the words themselves have the meaning “and also.” In the context above, the words “firstly”, “secondly”, “on the one hand”, etc. may appear. “Thus” in the meaning of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the conclusion.

The same words are not highlighted as introductory in the meanings: “in this way” = “in this way”:

In this way he was able to move the heavy cabinet.

Typically, time adverbials, such as “first,” are found in the preceding context. "Later" = "then, after that":

And then he became a famous scientist.

“Finally” = “at the end, finally, after everything, as a result of everything”:

Finally, all matters were successfully completed. Usually in this meaning the particle “-that” can be added to the word “finally”, which cannot be done if “finally” is an introductory word. In the same meanings as indicated above for “finally”, the combination “in the end” is not introductory:

In the end (= as a result) an agreement was reached.

HOWEVER, it is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence:

Rain, however, was already in its second week, despite weather forecasters’ forecasts. How cleverly I however!

"However" does not appear to be introductory at the beginning of a sentence or at the beginning of a clause complex sentence when it acts as adversarial union(=but): However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We didn't expect to meet, but we were lucky.

Please note that sometimes the word “however” can appear at the beginning of a sentence, but not serve as a conjunction: However, it's incredibly difficult.

GENERALLY is introductory in the sense of “generally speaking” when it indicates the way thoughts are formed:

His works, at all, is of interest only to narrow circle specialists. In other meanings, the word “in general” is an adverb meaning “in general, completely, in all respects, under all conditions, always”:

Ostrovsky is for Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. According to the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.

In my opinion, in your opinion, in our opinion, in your opinion, they are introductory, indicating the source of the message:

Your child, In my, caught a cold. This, In your, proves something? The word “in his own way” is not introductory: He is right in his own way.

OF COURSE is most often introductory, indicating the degree of reliability of the statement:

We, Certainly, are ready to help you with everything.

Sometimes this word is not isolated if it is intonationally highlighted with a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word “of course” is considered an intensifying particle: I certainly would have agreed if you had warned me in advance.

IN ANY CASE, it is more often introductory and used for evaluation:

I, anyway, I would not like to remember this. These words, anyway, indicate the seriousness of his attitude to life.

In the meaning “always, under any circumstances” this combination is not introductory:

I anyway was supposed to meet him today and talk to him.

IN REALLY, more often than not, it is NOT introductory, speaking in the sense of “really” - Petya is really good at computers. I really have nothing to do with this. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - What are you, Indeed, are you pretending to be a smart guy?

IN TURN it can be introductory when it indicates a connection of thoughts or a way of forming a thought:

Among the many modern writers Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in its turn, we can especially highlight “Novel”. Having asked me to help him with his work, he in its turn, also did not mess around. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meaning “in response”, “for one’s part” (= when it’s the turn) - Masha, in turn, talked about how she spent the summer.

MEANS is introductory if it can be replaced by the words “therefore”, “therefore”:

The message is complex Means, it must be submitted today. The rain has already stopped Means, we can go for a walk. If she fights us so hard, Means, she feels she is right.

This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to “means”:

The dog means more to him than his wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. “So” can appear between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed by infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before “means”:

To be offended means to admit that you are weak. To be friends means to trust your friend.

ON THE CONTRARY, it is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He didn't want to offend her, but vice versa, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she vice versa, sits at home all day.

The combination “and vice versa”, which can act as homogeneous member sentences, it is used as a word that replaces a whole sentence or part of it:

In spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes become brunettes). The more you do, the more high marks you get, and vice versa (i.e. if you study a little, the grades will be bad; the comma before “and” ends up at the end of part of the sentence - it turns out like a complex sentence, where “on the contrary” replaces its second part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (i.e. I will fulfill it, there is no comma before “and”, since “on the contrary” replaces a homogeneous subordinate clause).

AT LEAST is introductory if evaluation matters:

Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick his teeth with a fork.

This phrase can be used in the meaning “no less than”, “at least”, then it is not isolated:

At least she will know that her father did not live his life in vain. At least five from the class must take part in cross-country skiing.

FROM VIEWPOINT is introductory meaning “in opinion”:

From my grandmother's point of view, a girl shouldn't wear trousers. Her answer from the examiners' point of view, worthy of the highest praise.

The same phrase can have the meaning “in relation to” and then it is not introductory:

The work is going according to plan in terms of timing. If we evaluate the behavior of some heroes literary works from the point of view of modern morality, it should be considered immoral.

IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as an introductory one if it indicates the connection of thoughts in a statement: She is interested in in particular, the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The company takes an active part in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187.

If the combination IN PARTICULAR happens to be at the beginning or at the end connecting structure, then it is not separated from this construction (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section):

I love books about animals, particularly dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, vacationed in Spain this summer. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the conjunction “and” with the word “in general”:

The conversation turned to politics in general and, in particular, to the latest government decisions.

It is MAINLY introductory when it serves to evaluate a fact and highlight it in a statement: The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, add such chapters to it... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly, for organizing ceremonial dinners.

This combination may be part of a connecting structure; in this case, if it appears at its beginning or end, it is not separated from the structure itself by a comma:

Many Russian people mainly representatives of the intelligentsia did not believe the government's promises.

In the meaning of “first of all”, “most of all” this combination is not introductory and is not isolated:

He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. What I like about him mainly is his attitude towards his parents.

FOR EXAMPLE, it will always be introductory, but it is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides:

Pavel Petrovich is an extremely attentive person to his appearance, For example, he takes good care of his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end already detached member, then it is not separated from this turn by a comma:

In many big cities, For example in Moscow, the situation is unfavorable ecological situation. Some works of Russian writers, For example"Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace" served as the basis for the creation feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after “for example” there can be a colon if “for example” comes after a generalizing word before a series of homogeneous members:

Some fruits can cause allergies, For example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

17.1.3 There are special cases of placing punctuation marks with introductory words.

To highlight introductory words and sentences, not only commas, but also dashes, as well as combinations of dashes and commas can be used.

These cases are not included in the course high school and are not used in Unified State Examination tasks. But some phrases that are often used need to be remembered. Here are examples from Rosenthal's Punctuation Handbook.

So, if introductory combination forms an incomplete construction (a word is missing that is restored from the context), then it is highlighted with a comma and a dash: Makarenko repeatedly emphasized that pedagogy is based On the one side, on unlimited trust in a person, and with another- high demands placed on him; Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: On the one side to give the horses a rest, with another- to relax and refresh yourself(comma before subordinate clause“absorbed” by the dash); On the one side, it was important to make an urgent decision, but caution was required - with another.

17.2 General concept of circulation and the basic rule for its isolation.

First included in Unified State Exam assignments in 2016-2017. Students will have to seek treatment in poetic works, which greatly complicates the task.

Addresses are words that name the person to whom the speech is addressed. The appeal has the form nominative case and is pronounced with a special intonation: Tatiana, dear Tatiana! With you now I'm shedding tears. Appeals are usually expressed animate nouns, as well as adjectives and participles in the meaning of nouns. For example: Take advantage of life living . IN artistic speech Inanimate nouns can also be addressed. For example: Make noise, make noise, obedient sail ; Don't make noise rye, ripe ear.

Personal pronouns You And You, as a rule, act not as a reference, and as the subject: Sorry, peaceful valleys, and you , familiar mountain peaks, and you , familiar forests!

17.1.2. There are also more complex rules for highlighting requests.

1. If the address at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it (the word following the address is written with capital letter): Old man! Forget about the past; Young native of Naples! What did you leave on the field in Russia?

2. If the address is at the end of a sentence, then a comma is placed before it, and after it - the punctuation mark required by the content and intonation of the sentence: Think about it master of culture; Hello to you, people of peaceful labor!; Are you here, cute?; You're a pig brother…

3.Repeated requests are separated by a comma or exclamation point: The steppe is wide, the steppe is deserted, why are you looking so gloomy?; Hello, wind, menacing wind, favourable wind world history! ; Vaska! Vaska! Vaska! Great!

4. Homogeneous addresses connected by a union And or Yes, are not separated by commas: Sing, people, cities and rivers! Sing, mountains, steppes and fields!; Hello, sunshine and a cheerful morning!

5. If there are several requests to one person that are in different places sentences, each of them separated by commas: Ivan Ilyich, give orders, brother, about snacks; ...I because Thomas, isn't it better, Brother, breake down?

6. If a common address is “broken” by other words - members of the sentence, then each part of the address is separated by commas general rule: Tighter, horse, hit, hoof, minting a step! ; For blood and tears, thirsty for retribution, we see you, forty-first year.

Pushkin said. He studied little by little. And now they study a lot. But they come out of there, well, from these very educational institutions, well, these... Well, okay, I won’t. You know it yourself.

He studied Pushkin at least something, but who can say what they are learning now?

To knock all the cards out of your hands, I’ll say right away that the ability to read, write, count, use an encyclopedia and geographical maps- Every parent is quite capable of teaching their child themselves. But what will they teach next? And most importantly - why?

Well, it’s clear that they finish school to get a matriculation certificate. And without it, they won’t admit you to university. They graduate from university to get a diploma - and without it, the employer will not hire you. True, many of these employers have a diploma higher education No. There is a problem.

Let's figure it out. Who has a higher status - the owner of the company or an ordinary office manager? Well, of course, the owner of the company.

But to become the owner of a company, you don’t need a diploma. And to become a manager, you need it. They're tricking us somewhere here again, don't you think?

What is so attractive for a non-diploma owner about holders of diplomas - especially red ones? Knowledge?

It would be nice if this were so, but in practice you know that people often work outside their profile. But honors diplomas are still valued. For what?

Now I'll open this one for you terrible secret. She's really scary. And offensive to the holders of these very honorable diplomas.

Remember that the one who sets his own goals is his own master. Does the excellent student himself set goals - well, at least some? Of course not.

He has no choice, he does not have the right to study one subject (his favorite) and, one might say, ignore the second - pass with C grades. Excellent students do EVERYTHING they are told to do.

He is an ideal office worker... ra... well, a slave, so be it, I’ll say. The excellent student is OBEDIED! He gets used to it long years studying at school and college, obediently do everything they say, and never ask - WHY!

If an excellent student starts asking (why?), then this question can lead him to deadly conclusions.

What if an excellent student decides that he will need some subjects and not others? What then? Then he will cease to be an EXCELLENT student! What could be worse for an excellent student?

Therefore, he never asks the question - why? He just does what he says. That's all! This is why holders of honors diplomas are valued.

And among entrepreneurs there are quite a few C students and very few excellent students. Why? Yes, because in business, ingenuity is more important than knowledge.

You never know in advance what will come in handy, so it’s better to rely on ingenuity rather than knowledge.

And given that the C-grade students never had answers in their memory, the C-grade students had to demonstrate miracles of resourcefulness and ingenuity during classes, exams and tests.

What happens to an excellent student if, for example, a tax inspector tells him: you made a serious mistake here and will pay a large fine? Stupor.

An excellent student has no experience in dealing with a situation where there is a mistake and he needs to get out of it as he goes. For a C student, this is, one might say, a standard situation.

You will say that an excellent student will have all his documents in order. But here you are clearly posing as an amateur. An entrepreneur cannot have all his documents in order - because this is not allowed!!!

So many laws are not published and so many instructions are written so that an entrepreneur can feel independent and free.

No, they are written in such a way that there is always something to complain about.

And how will an excellent student feel in such a situation? Yes, he will be depressed! He’s used to doing everything so that a mosquito doesn’t hurt his nose - but here you won’t have such a freebie. You can die in paperwork - you can still find fault, and they will definitely find fault.

Well, then. Who will praise an excellent student? After all, he simply needs praise! He received them from almost birth and long after reaching puberty.

Who will praise, well who?

The tax inspector will praise him - never! Fireman - no way! Sanitary and Epidemiological Station - don’t get your hopes up. The labor inspectorate checking the condition of work premises is a ridiculous calculation. Customs officials are a deep misconception. Environmental police - why would she need it? Maybe the valiant tax police? Well, in those black masks, you know? Only a man, not knowledgeable of life, can count on it.

Maybe his employees will praise him? Where have you seen such employees? Well, who? last hope on relatives - so they prefer to envy entrepreneurs rather than admire them.

And why the hell does an excellent student need such a life?

Another thing is a kind owner. This one will definitely say something encouraging. Why is he sorry? It is better to praise three times than to pay a bonus once. Is not it so?

So, according to common sense - no for an excellent student better place, - than an office ra - that is, a manager.

But for a C student who is not used to systematically working and prefers to come up with something instead of working and then achieving straight A’s, there is no other way than to become an entrepreneur.

He’s at work, you know, he’ll suffer terribly. Without hard work, it is difficult to be an employee - almost impossible.

So, the hardworking should get hired, and the lazy should become entrepreneurs. This is our schedule.

Conclusions should be drawn in conclusion. What is the best way for your child to study? Excellent or are there any alternatives?

Why then go to school, you say? Uh, no. I’m asking you, why do you send your children to school? What do you want them to learn there? Do not know?

I think you know your music CD library better than school curriculum. Yes, and that’s true. You (!) listen to CDs. And the school curriculum is not you!

But there's nothing to worry about. There are specially trained people to decide what your children need. They create the program.

You have the right to decide what music you listen to, but what your child will be taught at school and what you were taught is none of your business. We haven’t yet matured enough to resolve such issues.

The Ministry of Education knows better what a citizen of our country needs to know and be able to do.

Question. Who is the Ministry of Education worried about? About you, so that the child loves his parents and is generally good son or daughter? Or about him being the kind of person the state needs?

I don’t think you will argue that the state is not interested in your child being a good son. The state will pay you a pension. So rejoice.

And in return, your son will pay taxes to the state, so that the state will have something to pay your pension for when you are already retired.

Don't worry. In order to pay you a pension, they will take as much as necessary from your son or daughter. They will not be able to leave you without food. If necessary, they will send tax policemen and take it away. So, the state will take care of you!

And at school your child will be taught for a long time and painfully that without the state there is no way, well, there is simply no way you can manage.

And they will teach that this is correct. And it’s even more correct to sit for unknown reasons for many years at school, then at the institute, and then sit in the office and then receive a pension. And the state will already take away from your grandchildren as much as is necessary so that your son or your daughter can receive a pension.

It’s not for nothing that I keep coming back to this pension. Everything is done for the sake of pensions!

Is it true, average duration The life of men in Russia is now equal to the time of retirement, but what does this matter?

If you don't go to work, they won't pay you your pension!!! True, there is one incomprehensible place here. What if your son would help you in your old age only if you went to work? But this is important for the state!

You say: how can I live any longer? Well that's another question. You and I will still solve it. In the meantime, let's decide: are you working for a pension or for what? What is the purpose of these decades of work??? What is the goal? Survival is not the goal. The goal is achieved. Well, like a pension, for example. And survival is a process.

Without an answer to the question: what is the purpose of decades of work, it is impossible to understand what it is and why. If you don’t have such a goal, then look for who benefits from the fact that you have been working for these decades. And by the way, look for who and how formed this goal for you. Is the task clear?

They formed, I’ll give you a hint, at school and at the institute, constantly saying that without a certificate of secondary education or without a diploma they would not hire you. Ah... Got it. Getting a job is a great blessing! Not everyone is accepted!

And to get hired, you need to study for a long time. Now everything is clear, right?

One more little touch. Why do first-graders' eyes sparkle - they are so happy when they go to school, but high school students don't. And they are no longer happy about school. And the freshmen’s eyes sparkle, but the seniors’ eyes don’t. And those who just started work have sparkling eyes, but after working for several years, their eyes already become bored. But this is a small thing, right?

And at first they also rejoice at retirement. And then for some reason this pension doesn’t make me happy. What does this mean? This means that expectations were not met. That's what it means!

Yes, and here's another. 99% of all jobs, in my opinion, require on-the-job training, two to three weeks maximum. Why do we have to teach everyone at school for so many years? If then, it doesn’t matter if you go to work. And the work is usually simple. None special knowledge does not require.

So, let’s leave the question open about what they teach at school. Some kind of mystery of nature.

Gong!!!

What's happened? Ahh... This is the end of the FIRST ROUND. You and I, my dear reader, will have several rounds. I won’t say exactly how much, just to make you more intrigued.

And, accordingly, there will be an end to the fight, and then a victory on points, by knockout, or due to the fact that one of the rival friends :) cannot continue the fight for medical reasons or simply gave up.

Well I won't give up. This time. :) For medical reasons, you won’t wait either. :)

I removed all the doctors from the room. I’ll tell you more about my attitude towards medicine.

Thus, you can either refuse the fight (that is, quit the book without reading to the end), or... I’ll be honest - you have no chance of winning.

I've been preparing for so many years!!! I'm in great shape. And I learned a lot. He spent so many training fights and sparrings. I have received more than ten thousand letters in the last two years alone! And there they most often objected to me. :) Unsuccessful. :)

Are you ready? Of course not! The routine has gotten to you. The turnover doesn't let you take your head off. Everyday life takes away the last remnants of free time... Relatives... Well, let's not talk about sad things. :)

So, let's not get distracted and let's find out everything about summing up. Or, more precisely, about how refereeing is organized here.

Well, a drowning man, help yourself, of course. You will be the judge. I trust you completely. But a few conditions. Which, of course, you may not accept if they seem incorrect to you and you can refute them.

What conditions?

Remember what I already said about truth. Which is alone. I'll add something else...

Freedom of speech is one of greatest achievements...Uh, where does this take me?

... Well, freedom of speech is what fools demand to protect their right to express their opinion WITH IMPUNITY.

Well, let’s say that a resolution has been adopted: if you expressed an opinion and it turned out to be wrong, then pay, well, let’s say, in favor of nature conservation - one rupee.

Imagine how much, I think, simply thousands of times, the amount of meaningless, unnecessary, incorrect, stupid and even idiotic chatter would decrease.

But instead, under the guise of some kind of achievement, the right of every idiot to carry whatever he wants is promoted, he only needs to add at the end of the statement: this is just my opinion.

And if you say: well, that’s a stupid statement, they will gently correct you. Like, you need to respect other people's opinions. Hinting that otherwise your opinion will not be respected.

Have you noticed where they threw us all here? If you didn't notice, I know for sure.

And they threw us in that very place - where they EQUALIZED a TRUE statement with an INCORRECT statement. The words of a sage, bearing the truth, in a democratic society are EQUAL to the ravings of an idiot. Both must be respected.

Have you forgotten what we are talking about yet? We are talking about refereeing here.

Let us not follow this vicious path and either speak the truth or remain silent - which is wise. Remember: the word is silver - silence is golden.

But how to distinguish truth from error - you ask? Well, first of all, you need to TRY TO DISTINCTION, I don’t think you will argue with this?

Secondly, if you want to convince someone of something, like me, for example, you need to act correctly. How is that?

Let's start with how wrong it is. For example, you say: AS IS KNOWN, this is the case in such and such a way and from this follows such and such, and therefore, they say, you Yura are wrong!

Do you think this approach is okay? Nothing like this! And all this is destroyed by one single question. Who knows??? Let me remind you that three question marks means a question asked with great expression. :)

I know, what do you think? No. Unknown. More precisely, I heard about something similar, but I don’t agree and that’s why... And then I can give three or more arguments why I don’t agree. With this very thing, supposedly known to everyone.

Am I making this too complicated? So, it seems that the logical chain here has no more than two links, but at school, when proving a theorem, there are logical chains of ten or more links. :)

Ahh... you learned theorems by heart at school, right? :) AND DID NOT UNDERSTAND the logic of the evidence? Well, I understand that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks, but let’s push ourselves.

I’m making titanic efforts to explain everything as simply as possible, and you make an effort to reach that very simple explanation which I am capable of. :)

But what about that, you ask, deep in thought. How can you argue about something or agree on something if you do not refer to what is known? How did they teach you at school? He said that THIS is what is written in the textbook and everything has been proven!

Well, you and I are not at school. And then what do I need links to other books? I'm a writer myself. :) You never know what is written in another book, but in mine it is written DIFFERENTLY. :)

It is obvious that not the best are elected. But by a majority vote. Thus - using the example of elections, it has been PROVEN - that a majority of votes does not guarantee choice best politician or best solution from a set of alternatives.

Do you agree with me on this? We agree, I think. It's hard to argue with this. You see, I just showed you how you and I can argue. If you agree with this thesis, then this thesis constitutes something like one of the axioms. Which we then rely on.

Remember geometry? Bad, right? :) Ahh, ... it was you who wanted to prove its usefulness to me school education, Yes? :) Well, it didn't do you any good. As seen. :)

Well, okay, if you don’t remember, then I’ll tell you. First, Euclid came up with a set of axioms, five, it seems. One of them, do you remember, yes, is that parallel lines never, never, well, never (!) intersect.

And then, taking these axioms as the foundation, based on them, Euclid proved everything else. A bunch of different theorems. And Pythagoras later proved that Pythagoras’ trousers are equal in all directions. That is, the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. Do you remember?

So, Lobachevsky, there was such a Russian mathematician, took and created ANOTHER geometry - Lobachevsky’s geometry.

And he did this - just by changing one axiom from Euclid. He accepted that parallel lines DO intersect! And he ended up with a completely different geometry. Quite another. Completely different theorems and completely different pants. Everything is different.

What does this have to do with you and me? The most direct. If you prove to me theorems from Euclid’s geometry, or, even worse, refer to theorems already proven by Euclid, and I am working on Lobachevsky’s geometry, then we will end up with a bazaar-station. And we will not understand each other and refer to DIFFERENT BOOKS!

Therefore, you and I, dear reader, need to understand the axioms. With a set of axioms. Whether they coincide with us or not. And only then argue about private issues. Logical?

Well, whose axioms are better, let me ask this question? I’m a writer, thanks to my axioms, I get pleasure from clicking on the keyboard, but who are you? :)

Well, maybe you're even an entrepreneur - which is very commendable. What can you say? It’s better to run to the office every day to force stupid employees to work, or to click the keys for fun, huh?

Well, I haven’t convinced you yet, I see, I see... and okay, I’ll convince you again. :) For now, let’s dwell on the question that there is a well-known, common set of axioms that are shared by the majority of the population.

The same majority who work a lot and hard earn little and in general all the joy in life is a day off and a vacation. But you can’t quit your job - you’ll die of hunger. And without an owner, this very majority has only numerous troubles. It cannot feed itself.

The owner has his own problems: either the tax office is sharpening a hole punch on him, or some sanitary and epidemiological station is trying to find Koch’s wand. Life isn't easy either.

That's what I suggest. I propose to do what is called a feint with our ears and go completely beyond these two difficult alternatives.

Of course, the life of the owner of his own business is easier. You are your own boss and have more income. And again, there is an air of freedom. Apart from the hole puncher, of course. :)

Specifically, I suggest to you: through an intermediate point - " entrepreneurial activity" - break into next point- “the kingdom of freedom”, where there is no tax office, no lazy employees, no work from 9 to 5.

Just keep in mind that this feint is impossible in Euclidian geometry. ANOTHER GEOMETRY is needed here!

Well, what axiom are we going to change? In my opinion, ONE is enough! And then you will be convinced that no matter where you poke, we will always come across her dear. ONE AND ONLY.

What kind of axiom is this? Let's start with this thesis. Do you know how to distinguish a great man from a small man? And you can easily distinguish.

The little man is trying in every possible way to smear and stain EVERYTHING (note the word everything) that he sees that is different from the average level. As the Japanese said: “Protruding nails are driven in with hammer blows.” On the head, probably :)

Of course, this little man has no connection with great people, and here he is, sitting in his kitchen or watching TV, saying all sorts of nasty things about everyone who is higher than him.

Yes, they bought everything for money.

Yes, she achieved all this through bed.

Yes, this one stole it.

Yes, the one who cheated someone...

Yes, I would, if I had such money, then I would

Yes, pay me that much, I would too...

I remember that Ostap Bender repeated the words of Marx, it seems: “All large fortunes are acquired dishonestly.”

Yes, I agree, dishonest. Especially the big ones. But do you know many people who would refuse to get a job as a deputy (or president) for this very owner of a large fortune? For a very, very decent salary?

This small man I just agree to any shame to be hired for such a job. That's why they don't take him.

Nobody needs people who are ready to do anything for money. They will betray instantly if anyone offers them more.

And, as you know, those who are ready to do anything for money consider EVERYONE corrupt. And he refuses to admit that there is at least one person for whom money is NOT THE MAIN THING.

So. We got distracted. Anyone who considers those around him, especially those who have achieved MORE than him, to be worse than himself - ATTENTION AXIOM - what is called, will not see happiness.

Look around you - see how many people around you are helplessly envious of those who have achieved more, and, being envious, try to discredit everything that they managed to achieve.

Such envious people may not count on anything. And it’s better not to have anything to do with them at all. Extremely unreliable and extremely harmful people for any business. What is called - neither steal nor guard.

I think that if you are reading this book, then you do not fall into this category, but nevertheless, watch yourself carefully: do similar phrases slip through your mind?

And who is great person or simply good master in some matter? This is a person who carefully watches everyone who has achieved more and tries to understand how he achieved it and will definitely ASK and ATTENTION AXIOM - and he will receive an answer!

It is incorrect to refer to yourself - but I received more than ten (or even fifteen) thousand letters and answered almost everything!

Do you know who I didn’t answer, although sometimes I answered them too? To those little people - who spewed anger in letters addressed to me - who tried... well, you yourself understand that they wrote to me, and you... and you... so and so...

Well, what can be achieved with this approach (what did they even want to achieve?) and what provoked them to write such letters? Of course, the most acute complex own inferiority or simply dissatisfaction with oneself.

Well, if you are dissatisfied with YOURSELF, why write letters to me saying that you are dissatisfied with ME? Where is the logic, where is the reason?

You've probably heard this joke? I'll tell you just in case. This is my favorite, so to speak, conceptual joke.

Vovochka walks along the corridor at school and mutters to himself: “Where is the logic, where is the reason, where is the logic, where is the reason... ???

The director goes and asks Vovochka: “Vovochka, why aren’t you in class?”

Vovochka answers: “Well, so I say: where is the logic, where is the reason?”

“I,” says Vovochka, “farted in class and was kicked out of the class, but they stayed.” Where is the logic, where is the reason!?

So, let's get back to our sheep and co... Big man looking for reasons that someone has achieved more, IN THEMSELVES! The little man is looking for reasons IN OTHERS!

He apparently does not have a single shortcoming and has a host of advantages, his conscience is clear and his skill in his work exceeds all reasonable limits.

Whereas these “stars” are just the last scum!!! Well, that's what he thinks. And he is just a very clean and conscientious person.

Firstly, if you are so pure and conscientious, why call others scum, and secondly...

It is said: ... do not point out the speck to your brother if you have a plank in your own eye.

Or you can remember: “He who is without sin, let him throw the first stone.” Or: “Judge not, lest you be judged.”

These are simply statements that, indeed, intuitively and immediately, seem true, and no one usually argues with them.

This is the property of truth or a true statement: after the truth is uttered, the dispute ends.

So, a small man tries to lower everyone to himself, and then lower, a great man tries to raise everyone to his level and, having identified someone as an ideal, he strives to reach the level of this ideal.

Do you understand the simple and easy to apply axiom? If you see how someone does not strive to rise higher, but strives to bring others down in one way or another, know that this is a small person.

A well-known application of this approach is the example of pessimists and optimists.

The pessimist says - this (and nothing at all) will work out for you. Just like he himself, nothing works out.

The optimist says: you will succeed, you see, how I did this and that, it’s true that there are failures, but I overcome them, and you will overcome them.

Just? Elementary! I may have taken a long time, but it seems to me that it’s good and clear :) I explained that thesis - how we will sum up our battle between two worldviews. :)

What is your worldview - pessimist? And are you still going to defend the gray-black flag of this club?

And our bright yellow sunny flag makes you feel optimistic desire smear it with roadside mud? We'll clean up nothing :) We'll handle it.)

And then, sunny bunny does not get dirty. :)

So, the thesis is very simple: you will succeed! Everything you dream of! And no one can stop you. On one condition, though.

If you achieve what you dream of, not at the expense of others. Otherwise, those at whose expense you will achieve everything will begin to interfere with you.

True, even if you are the most noble man in the world, there will be a lot of people who will envy you and tell all sorts of nasty things about you - but these people are completely helpless, and why be afraid of them?

To be honest, I no longer understand what you can argue with here? Is a second round even necessary? Maybe it's time to declare a clear victory? Ippon, as the Japanese say. :)

Are you going to argue that you will succeed? :) Are you really going to? What for? What benefits will you get if you argue with this? Well, which ones? :)

It’s worth warning you that if you try to tell someone you know that everything will work out for him, too, then I’m sure you’ll learn a lot of new and interesting things about yourself. :) Try it, try it. Get a very rewarding experience.

But let’s say, you say, I’m also an optimist and I think that everything will work out for me. And what will this give me?

How is it going, did your coach give you any final instructions? :) Did you stretch your shoulders well? Are you ready for round two?

I understand that you have already planned such a left hook for me - they say, what will it GIVE me, so what? Answer, please.

I have an answer. :) I'm just in last time I suggest throwing out the white towel. :)

Or are you going to give it your best shot and use your best arguments? If so, then I ask you to enter the ring!

“We all learned a little something, somehow.” This legendary quote from the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin” is familiar to all of us literally from school.

But, I think, neither we, nor even Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself is a recognized classic, legend and pride Russian culture- could not imagine that in beginning of XXI century, this phrase will begin to reflect the content of school education in literature. Unfortunately, in 2012 such times have come. Coincidentally or not, they coincided with the arrival in May last year to the Ministry of Education of the new head of the department, Dmitry Livanov.

School reform, as is known, involves the introduction of new educational standards. These are quite complex documents that contain a lot of details. It is quite difficult for a non-specialist to understand them.

However, there are things that anyone can appreciate thinking person, studied at school. One of them is the content of literature programs. We all understand, let’s say, that unknown works written in obscenities should not be studied in lessons. Or, excuse me, savoring physiological details, let's say, various kinds actions. We just don't want schoolchildren to read this. For the simple reason that they are children.

The striking fact, however, is that such “reading” is now recommended by “education officials” headed by Dmitry Livanov as part of the school curriculum.

Moreover, we note, not in quality additional reading, but instead of recognized classics of Russian literature, which are known and loved by millions of people.

Indeed, this is hard to believe. But facts, as we know, are quite stubborn things. Before our eyes, under the cover of the Ministry of Education, there is a terrible in its senselessness primitivization of children’s ideas about Russian literature. And it happens under the flag " school reform", designed, it would seem, to improve the situation at the school.

Almost everyone who makes up the golden fund of Russian culture turned out to be “circumcised.” These are authors whose works are studied and known all over the world.

Thus, the study of the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin has been reduced. " Bronze Horseman" is no longer part of the compulsory school curriculum, which will inevitably be chosen in most schools. It is reserved only for an in-depth course, i.e. for the "elite". Apparently, it is believed that the rest do not need to get acquainted with this great work.

The same fate befell the works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. On basic level(i.e. “for everyone”) children should no longer read either “The Man in the Case” or “The Lady with the Dog.”

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his " Petersburg stories"; and Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel with his " Odessa stories"And Sholokhovsky" Quiet Don" is intended to be studied only in the form of individual chapters.

Alas, this is not all. If the great authors of the nineteenth century were only subjected to reduction, then the literature of the twentieth century, in a fit of administrative delight of the “gentlemen of education,” was “rethought” much more radically.

Some famous authors, who have become legends for entire generations, are completely excluded even from the “in-depth” course. Among them is the poetry of Bella Akhmadulina, Vladimir Vysotsky, Bulat Okudzhava. The compulsory course does not include Alexei Tolstoy or the prose of many other recognized writers.

The question arises: for what? For what "engineers" human souls“and their “great creations” did the Ministry of Education allow the school curriculum to be “cut off” in such a way?!

The list of these “classics” includes, for example, Y. Rytkheu, A. Eppel, A. Gladilin, A. Terekhov.

I would venture to guess that most parents do not suspect that some works, in addition to the lack of any clear grounds for inclusion in educational program, are replete with obscene language, pornographic scenes and drug propaganda. For example, the works of V. Pelevin - a well-known author, but clearly not corresponding to any level cultural development 15-17 year old teenagers, much less the needs of school.

However, it is precisely these works, according to the Ministry and the Academy of Education, that can now be read aloud and discussed by underage teenagers within the walls of schools! This is exactly what our children should learn from!

For this (and, I emphasize, exclusively for this) reason, I will give here only one excerpt from the work of the aforementioned A. Eppel. At the same time, contrary to tradition, I (and not the author of the book that is now required to be read at school) will still put an ellipsis in some places. I assure you that in the original there are letters written in place of these dots. So:

"...The summer street is bright and sunny, and behind another barn the boys are mating rabbits. The girls deliberately crowd in the distance, but still see how the rabbit, who was intently nibbling the grass next to the rabbit, at some second stands on top of the rabbit, someone one of the long-eared animals squeals sharply, and both, wiggling their noses, immediately begin to feed. The boys continually state that the rabbits are e... I. The girls, looking from afar, also know what the rabbits are doing, but the word e... I don’t Impudent boys, wanting to attract the attention of girls, make a ring out of two fingers of their left hand and, sticking it into this ring forefinger right hand, move it back and forth..."

For what reason similar works(and this is just one example - there are, alas, much more of them) even included in the school curriculum?! Can you imagine how it will be read and analyzed in class?! And most importantly - why?!

It would be interesting to know whether Minister Livanov and his subordinates read these works. If not, then why doesn’t anyone do this? famous work included in the school curriculum? After all, by definition, there should only be classics: those whose works have been tested by time and appreciated by society.

The problem with the new standard school course literature is by no means reduced to only scraps of obscene texts that, through oversight or out of a desire to “reform education to the fullest,” found their way to children.

The new program radically - by 1.5 times - reduces the number of hours of teaching literature in the two senior grades of school. At the same time, by reducing the time allocated to studying the works of truly recognized classics, she sharply increased the number little-known authors. As a result, the volume of classes devoted to studying the works of each domestic writer represented on the list decreased by approximately 2 times. This, according to the ideologists of this “reform,” is apparently just enough to read aloud and discuss in class a passage similar to the one given above.

A lot of protests in the teaching community were also caused by the unification in single item two: “Russian language” and “literature”. This also creates whole line unexpected, but no less real problems.

On the one hand, the professional community is already pointing out the lack of sufficient correlation between the program and content of the Unified State Exam in the subject "Russian language and literature". This means that schoolchildren will simply encounter difficulties when passing the exam: with all the ensuing consequences for their admission to, for example, a university.

On the other hand, experts understand that within the framework of a single subject, teachers will be forced to reduce even the hours allocated for literature reduced by the program: simply in order to devote more time to the Russian language. After all, the Unified State Exam on it, unlike literature, is mandatory. And it is by the results of this exam that both the success of students and their own work. As a result, schoolchildren will gradually stop studying literature altogether.

Finally, confusion is created by the incomprehensible legal status this list of references. In fact, in the subject “Russian Language and Literature” there is no list of authors and works - either in the standard itself or in any other document officially emanating from the ministry. He was taken from there to " Sample program academic subject", which is being developed and recommended Russian Academy Education (RAO).

Thus, the list of recommended authors and works may be subject to regular adjustments by some representatives of RAO: absolutely without control from the public and with the complete connivance of the Ministry of Education and Science. Which now obviously believes that it no longer bears responsibility for the content of education.

Of course, after all of the above, I really want to shout: “Author!”

It is clear that the list of literature for high schools was compiled with virtually no broad consultation with the professional community. Otherwise it simply would not have passed.

Until recently, Mr. Lanin presented himself as a representative of the “creative class” and the opposition. Many people remember his interview with the Voice of America radio station: “Why, under the reigning vertical of power? critical thinking? To critically comprehend the vertical of power and bring it into an uncritically lying horizontal? Nobody needs this. Children need to be moderately educated. The most important thing is that they should be brought up insignificantly patriotically.”

There were quite a few other “ideas” put forward in that interview. For example, about the fact that it is not worth allocating money for schoolchildren’s excursions to the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War, since “70 years later this is not the most relevant thing for raising children.”

God be with him, with Mr. Lanin. It's not about him. He will probably go to America someday and get a very good job there, giving lectures on the shortcomings of Russia.

We need to understand why education officials allowed a person who foamed at the mouth to allegedly criticize existing problems power vertical, immediately began to implement these very own statements: “It is necessary that children are moderately educated. The most important thing is that they are insignificantly patriotically raised.”

We need to understand and fix this clearly broken system. The mistakes or crimes of some “scholarship holder” should not jeopardize the education of millions of children. This simply shouldn't happen.

After all, no strategic documents or requirements force Minister Livanov to promote the ideas of such a “literary reform”. It is significant that even in the recent Presidential Address, Vladimir Putin called “not to forget about of great importance quality of teaching the Russian language, history, literature, fundamentals secular ethics and traditional religions." Please note that the Russian language and literature in this quote stand separately: nothing indicates their unification into a single subject.

And there were already plenty of signals about public dissatisfaction with such a “literary policy”. Suffice it to mention at least the recent performance in State Duma Sergei Mironov, who, showing his colleagues a collection of works recommended for study in schools, called for the resignation of the Minister of Education, literally declaring: “We need to end this Lebanese thing.”

It’s hard to believe that the minister shares the views of the people who proposed introducing obscene language and scenes that go far beyond even the word “erotic”. It is much more likely that he simply does not consider it necessary to deal with such problems. The Ministry is more interested in much more “loud” or “monetary” issues: where they can lobby for something, give out orders. And educational authorities are not particularly concerned about what is happening in the quiet of classrooms. By defending Gogol and Vysotsky, you won’t earn many political points.

But I still want to remind him that it is too late to plead ignorance or the fact that “Fursenko was misled”: almost a year has passed. It is not for loud statements “out of the box”, but precisely for what and how our children are taught in the lessons that society gave him a position and pays him a ministerial salary.

All of the above gives reason to think about Sergei Mironov’s proposal about the fate of the ministry and the minister heading it. Because schoolchildren can freely become acquainted with this kind of literature by watching porn films and reading inscriptions on fences.

We all learned a little, Something and somehow

Quote from “Eugene Onegin A.S. Pushkin, chapter 1, stanza 5 (1825).

People who... boast of their learning... turn out to be very bad students... Supposed great scientists can say about themselves, if they are frank: We all learned a little, Something and somehow.

Dictionary winged words . Plutex. 2004.

See what “We all learned a little, Something and somehow” in other dictionaries:

From the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1823 1831) by A. S. Pushkin (1799 1837), ch. 1, stanza 5: We all learned a little, Something and somehow, So through education, thank God, It’s no wonder for us to shine. Playfully ironic: about amateurism, shallow... Dictionary of popular words and expressions

We all learned a little, something and somehow- wing. sl. Quote from “Eugene Onegin A.S. Pushkin, ch. 1, stanza 5 (1825). ... people who... boast of their learning... turn out to be very bad students... Supposed great scientists can say about themselves if they are frank: We all studied... ... Universal additional practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky

We all learned a little, Something and somehow, Thanks to our upbringing, thank God, It’s not difficult for us to shine. A. S. Pushkin. Evg. Oneg. 1, 5. Wed. Aliquis in omnibus, nullus in singulis. See Not Without Sin. See On Desolation and Thomas the Nobleman... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

For something and somehow, Thanks to God, it’s not difficult to shine with our upbringing. A.S. Pushkin. Evg. Oneg. 1, 5. Wed. Aliquis in omnibus, nullus in singulis. See not without sin. See on solitude and Thomas the nobleman... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary

somehow- I somehow = somehow 1) In any way, way; anyway. He will somehow settle down in the village. 2) decomposition Not good enough, somehow, carelessly. * We all learned a little Something and somehow (Pushkin) 3) colloquial. When… … Dictionary of many expressions

SOMEHOW, SOMEHOW, adv. 1. In any way, manner; anyway. He will somehow settle down in the village. 2. Unwind Not good enough, somehow, carelessly. * We all learned a little something and somehow (Pushkin). 3. Unfold… … encyclopedic Dictionary

And somehow, adv. 1. In any way, manner; anyway. There's no need to worry about me. My friends will somehow accommodate me. Saltykov Shchedrin, Poshekhon antiquity. Arseny Romanovich was in a hurry to somehow adjust the brace. Fedin,... ... Small academic dictionary

Something, etc. (see what 1), places. indefinite. Some object, phenomenon, etc. from a number of similar ones, or no matter what object, phenomenon, etc. We all learned a little Something and somehow, So through education, thank God, With us... ... Small academic dictionary

Aphorisms can be divided into two categories: some catch our eye, are remembered and are sometimes used when we want to show off wisdom, while others become integral part our speech and move into the category catch phrases. About authorship... ...

- (1799 1837) Russian poet, writer. Aphorisms, quotes Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich. Biography It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court. Slander, even without evidence, leaves eternal traces. Critics... ... Consolidated encyclopedia aphorisms

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• Learn to study. Brain, learning, memory, reading, Smirnov I.A.. We all learned a little. Something and somehow... Do you want to study better? Read faster? Remember more? The author of this book has found and collected together all the most effective teaching techniques...