Structure and content of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. What knowledge will be tested at the Unified State Exam in Russian? What subjects does the Unified State Exam cover?

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

State exam in Russian language

What does the Unified State Exam in Russian consist of in 2018?

What will change in exam tasks in 2018?

How to prepare for your final essay?

Structure of the Unified State Exam in Russian

How is the Unified State Exam in Russian assessed?

Transcript

Part 1

First part of the written exam

The second part of the written exam is essay (C2)

Oral part of the exam

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the subjects required for passing final exams. Unified State Examination results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each field of study (specialty). Today we will look in detail at one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

Minimum number of points in Russian language:

to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
for admission to a university - 36 points.

Structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. The examination paper offers the following types of short-answer tasks:

open-type tasks to record a self-formulated correct answer;
selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of labor, Winner of the competition for the best teachers of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project “Education”. Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that rapid social changes on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that , which is found in large quantities on Earth “passionaries” are born - people of increased activity , promoting social change and guiding the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text concisely:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.

2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, the meaning of the gap cannot be replaced MEANWHILE );

Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );

Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the given sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.

Boyhood

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, poured, burst in, took, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, started, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combined with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Examples of use: accused of theft, accused of lying, accused of embezzling funds, accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	ACCUSATIVE- containing an accusation. Examples of use: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, accusatory party.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to the plant or animal world, relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, radical. 4. (trans.) Intrinsic to someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone or something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; whole, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Secretive: a person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~s people; ~ character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not revealed explicitly. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: meaning, hint; ~ enmity, irony, pain; ~ excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~ opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting of recording dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTATE- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party. Examples: Roman dictate;
ORIGINAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING- document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZVONCHE

V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

Not DROPING not a word

Answer: having spoken

Algorithm for completing the task:

To complete this task you need a good knowledge of theory.

1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive plural cases of nouns (For most masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlative adjective

Suffixes: *-EE, -E, -SHE* STRONG *HER* LOUD E JUNIOR E	*MORE* *LESS* *MORE* PERSISTENT *LESS* DIFFICULT	Suffixes: *-AYSH-, -EYSH-* DEEP *AISH* II NICE N *EIS* II	*MOST* *MOST* LEAST *MOST* KIND *MOST* DANGEROUS
Comparative adverb degree		Superlative adverb

Suffixes *-EE, -E, -SHE* ACCURATE *HER* VYSH E THINSH E	*MORE* AND *LESS* *MORE* EXACTLY *MORE* HIGH *MORE* THIN		Pronoun *ALL* + simple comparative form MORE PRECISELY *ALL* HIGHER *ALL* THINner ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in their syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal clause, a determiner and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.

There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from a perfective verb. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.

We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade you can already start working work program for teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

OFFERS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) Nekrasov’s poem “The Railway” presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.

8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.

A sentence in which the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund are performed by different persons is grammatically incorrect.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject CTO the predicate verb is placed in the singular, and with the subjects TE (ALL) the predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) lies in the fact that different syntactic constructions are included in the series of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Noteworthy

near..native (station)

hug..mother

Sat..regulate

analog..gical

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Things to remember:

1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in the unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)

pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bending, ..give

about..chalk, between..grove

under..yachy, over..eat

Answer: unbending, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you must know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in a given word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case - “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And does not change: super-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).

The prefix is missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

nomadic

suede

outshine

thoughtful...

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .

· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.

5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And nn depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;

· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) are offended...

(patients) recovered..t

sealed

(they) visit..t

Answer: They will be offended

It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation

I conjugation

Heterogeneous conjugates

1) All verbs end in –it,

except shave And lay .

2) and 11 more verbs:

Drive, hold,

breathe, offend.

Hear, see, hate.

And depend and endure.

And also look, twirl .

You will remember, friends,

them on -E- cannot be conjugated.

1) all other verbs, except for differently conjugated ones;

2) plus verbs shave And lay

want,

run,

honor

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.

Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.

My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).

Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),

2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),

3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

		Apart
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fable	If there is a contrast with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace it with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all beautiful
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn’t know, not knowing
		With attachments *not + until* not fully done can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home She didn’t finish and fell silent.
		With short participles: not_ closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition No one, no one
Exceptions: not in moderation, not as an example, not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - more than once (often).

13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Examining evidence (BECAUSE OF preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: Superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because

The first part of a compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.

The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberries)

2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: homeless woman

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker

3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve

3. No ¬: sifted flour

4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, deliberate, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. (high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."

9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered.

Short Communion

The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Exist. ? cr. ???

The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.

15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal cliffs.

3) In the excerpt from Bunin’s Antonov Apples, one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) Constant movement and striving towards other limits is the essence of creative life, and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.

5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.

Answer:2,3

2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.

3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" A punctuation mark is placed between parts of a sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;

· if it is a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;

· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;

· a comma is always placed before adversative conjunctions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.

16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participial phrase, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;

The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?

*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( BEFORE- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	Stands out participial phrase meaning reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset about his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of reason).	Do not stand out single gerunds, standing after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the manner of action, as well as those close in function to adverbs: He walked with a limp. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participial phrases connected by a single connecting or dividing conjunction: Pletnev’s selflessness, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin’s phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and without saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING WITH, BASED ON(they can be omitted without compromising the meaning): We begin work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not highlighted: They listened to his story WITH BEATHING BREATH.

17. Place all missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright boy

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore

Hugging a nearby bush.

Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Chekhov seemed unable to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-end of subordinate clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;

· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but

· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."

(10) Judah took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

(15) He took out his left hand and sadly ran it over his face.

(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages (19) Torchbearers march out with lanterns (20) Cardboard coats of arms are hanging on the horses: they are burying an important person (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?

- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.

3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

· Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

· Choose the correct answers

Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)

Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need the money for a funeral

So answer number 5 too incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested fragments carefully;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narrative tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”

The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.

So this one the answer is correct

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. It contains an introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the words “wave” and “stone,” “poetry” and “prose,” “ice” and “fire” are antonyms.

3. Define the specified lexical item

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people

23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating conjunction

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence contains both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also

Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same

Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit h./pl. h.


	he, she, it/they

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

For the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.

Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.

Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.

Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street" is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Therefore this epithet.

The second task deals with lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: No. 4

In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.

Let’s remember the syntactic means of expressiveness and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.

The list of terms includes:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, answer #6

I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.

The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2"

Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

20.04.2018

The Unified State Exam in the Russian language is one of the main compulsory and most important subjects. All graduates must take it, including when choosing technical specialties. This does not apply only to certain universities in which the Unified State Exam is not a primary selection criterion (military institutions or specialties related to state secrets).

How to achieve a good result? It is important to start preparing for the exam in advance. School, of course, provides the necessary foundation, but this is not enough for an excellent result. It is up to the graduate to decide whether to study independently, hire a personal tutor or attend specialized courses to prepare for the Unified State Exam. Remember that often topics that seem the most banal and have been studied for a long time can literally sink you in the exam and prevent you from receiving a certificate.

To obtain a certificate you must obtain at least 24 points; for successful admission to a university – 36 points. Time to complete the exam is 3 hours 30 minutes.

There will be 2 parts of 26 tasks in the exam. The most difficult part is the last 26th task, where you need to write an essay based on the text you read. If you encounter difficult questions in the first part (1-25), do not hesitate and write further.

This year, the test and measurement material (CMM) included a basic level task, which will become the main one when testing knowledge of lexical norms. Graduates will have to edit the sentence to remove the extra word. The difficulty is that you either need to have a great understanding of vocabulary or have brilliant intuition.
The number of tasks will increase. The difference is only 1 question, but because of this the number of total points increases. Graduates are required to be able to analyze their mistakes, understand the structural features of tests, know the approximate wording of questions, and be able to correctly allocate time to complete all tasks. You can’t get stuck on difficult issues; you need to move on immediately.

Leave about an hour to write an essay based on the text given in the assignment. We read the passage, draw up a rough plan for the essay, select the necessary arguments, and add examples.

This is the most difficult and important part of the state exam. You need to understand the main topic, very clearly formulate your position on the problem and idea, etc. The essay consists of 3 main parts:

Introduction. We interpret the author’s main idea, reflect on this topic and move on to the main part.
Main part. We formulate the problem, describe its relevance and importance. We comment on what in the text helped you highlight this particular issue. We also use quotes to explain the author’s position. Next, we either agree with the author or provide counterarguments (minimum two, one of which is literary).
Conclusion. Let us briefly summarize all of the above.

The admissions committee pays special attention to the ability to rely on the text specified in the assignment. Don't write a heavy and long introduction. It should take no more than a quarter of the total work.

Traditionally, Russian language and mathematics are compulsory subjects for 11th grade. And if the second is considered the most difficult test, then as for the first, many are sure that it is impossible to fail the Russian language.

It is really possible to get high scores; year after year, the majority of graduates successfully cope with this task. Behind good results is invariably high-quality and serious preparation, observation of all trends and changes in the field of the Unified State Exam, and the ability to adapt to them.

In particular, the minimum passing score for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is never known in advance. FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) evaluates the results every year after testing and determines the passing score individually for each year.

The written part consists of two parts.

The first traditionally includes questions with a choice of answers (a sequence of numbers; a word or phrase; the ratio of letters and numbers) - there are 25 of them in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language.

Each is based on one of the sections of the Russian language, on a question on each of the topics:

Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres.
Lexical meaning of the word.
Orthoepic norms (stress placement).
Lexical norms (the use of a word in accordance with the exact lexical meaning and the requirement of lexical compatibility).
Morphological norms (formation of word forms).
Syntactic norms. Approval standards. Management standards.
Spelling of roots.
Spelling of prefixes.
Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н-/-НН-).
Spelling personal endings of verbs and participle suffixes.
Spelling NOT and NOR.
Integrated, hyphenated, separate spelling of words.
Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech.
Punctuation marks in a simple complex sentence (with homogeneous members). Punctuation in complex sentences and simple sentences with homogeneous members.
Punctuation marks in sentences with isolated members (definitions, circumstances, applications, additions).
Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence.
Punctuation marks in complex sentences.
Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connections.
Lexical norms ( In this task you will need to carefully read an excerpt from the text and evaluate which word does not fit in the context).
Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text.
Functional and semantic types of speech.
Lexical meaning of the word. Synonyms. Antonyms. Homonyms. Phraseological phrases. Groups of words by origin and use.
Means of connecting sentences in the text.
Speech. Language means of expression.

An essay for the exam must be written based on the text you read. There is a clear plan on how to complete this task:

Select in your opinion the main problem posed by the author and formulate it.
Add a personal comment about it.
Include 2 examples from the text in your commentary to illustrate your chosen point, but do not include too much of the original text in your essay (this may be considered rewriting by your graders and you will lose points).
You shouldn’t deviate too much from the text either. If the essay has little to do with the assignment, you are also unlikely to get a high score. Try to find the “golden mean”.
Formulate the position of the author of the text on the key topic.
Express your personal opinion: whether you agree or disagree with the narrator’s position.
Give arguments to support what has been said. It could be:

a similar situation from a literary work
knowledge from other fields of science
personal experience and examples from life

Take the choice of arguments seriously and do not write too much - the examiner will evaluate only the first two as elements of the essay.

The volume of the essay is 150 words (not less). Also, you should not write too much: there is a risk of making more mistakes and not maintaining the structure of the text.

One of the major innovations that will most likely await eleventh graders in 2019 is the oral part.

You also need to carefully prepare for it for a number of reasons.

Quite deep academic knowledge will be tested. Despite the fact that oral delivery may seem easier, without solid knowledge this will not be possible.
It is likely that successful (or unsuccessful) passing of this section of the test will affect admission/non-admission to the written part.
The grade will be summed up, and therefore will directly affect the overall score on the exam.

The model of the oral part of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language has already been tested in 2017-2018 in 9 classes taking the Unified State Examination certification. In 2019, adjustments to assessment are planned, but the model itself will most likely be introduced for 11th grade graduates.

Presumably, the interview will have a similar structure:

Task 1. Reading

Task 2. Retelling

The fragment you received will need to be presented to the examiner in your own words, while supplementing the story with details, information on the problem and personal comments.

Task 3. Monologue

Topics will be offered to choose from. For one of them, it will be necessary to prepare a monologue speech. The task may require you to describe the picture, answer questions, give examples and give your comments.

Task 4. Dialogue

Here the examiner not only evaluates, but also participates in completing the task together with you. He may ask questions and express personal opinions in response to your arguments. Taking into account his words, your speech should sound logical, structured and consistent.

We have already said earlier that it will be problematic to calculate the points accurately; you can only focus on how it was in 2018.

To convert primary scores into test scores, use table No. 1. To understand what final score you can expect on a 5-point scale, use table No. 2.

Table No. 1

Primary

Test

Primary

Test

Table No. 2

Do not calculate the “thresholds” exactly, because then one single mistake can cost you the required point, there is no need to take such risks. Try to set the bar as high as possible for yourself - and then the results of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language will definitely please you.

Size: px

Start showing from the page:

His, her, his

Him, her, him

His, her, his

To them, to them, to them

About him, about her, about him

2 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 5 Basic concepts Unified state exam, examination package, content of work, structure of work, evaluation of individual tasks, evaluation of work, answer forms. The Unified State Exam in Russian is mandatory for all 2017 graduates. To receive a school certificate, a graduate must pass two mandatory exams in the form of the Unified State Examination (Russian language and mathematics) and for each of them score a number of points exceeding the minimum threshold. Unified State Examination results in the Russian language are required for admission to universities and secondary specialized educational institutions for all specialties. Therefore, the Unified State Exam is an important step in the life of a graduate, and it should be taken very seriously. How to prepare for the exam? When preparing for the Unified State Exam, it is important to understand the main thing: in the text of the examination paper there is nothing that would go beyond the scope of school textbooks and programs. Test measurement materials for the Russian language were developed by specialists from the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements based on the school curriculum. Therefore, you can prepare using the textbooks you studied at school, consulting with your Russian language and literature teacher. It should be remembered that preparing for the Unified State Exam, like preparing for a traditional exam, does not exclude the necessary generalization and systematization of the material studied at school. What should be in the exam package? The package with examination materials includes an examination paper in the Russian language, answer forms (1 and 2), and an additional form. What can you take with you to the Unified State Examination? For the Unified State Exam in the Russian Language, you must take ONLY a black gel pen. No additional materials or equipment are used during the Russian language exam. How much time is given to complete the examination paper? 3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work. Part 1 contains 24 tasks. The average time to complete one task in this part is 3 4 minutes. The estimated time to complete this part of the work is 100 minutes. The recommended time for completing part 2, which consists of one task with a detailed answer, is 110 minutes. How is the examination work in the Russian language organized? The examination paper in the Russian language consists of two parts containing 25 tasks. Part 1 includes 24 tasks, part 2 one task. The main content of the work on the Russian language can be presented as follows (see. With. 6):

3 6 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment 1 Text (information processing of the text) 2 Means of communication of sentences in the text PART 1 Microtext 3 Lexical meaning of the word 4 Orthoepic norms (sound, syllable, word, stress) 5 Lexical norms (word, text) 6 Grammatical norms (word form) 7 Grammatical norms (phrase, sentence) 8 14 Spelling (significant part of a word (morpheme), word, sentence) Punctuation (sentence, grammatical basis of a sentence, minor members of a sentence, simple and complex sentences) 20 Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text 21 Functional and semantic types of speech 22 Lexical meaning of a word 23 Means of communication of sentences in the text 24 Linguistic means of expressiveness TEXT Review text PART 2 25 Information processing of the text Essay reasoning

4 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 7 What tasks will be on the Russian language exam? The examination paper in the Russian language consists of two parts. Part 1 includes 24 tasks. You must formulate the answers to these tasks yourself. The answer can be written in word(s) or numbers. Please note that when writing a word or combination of words, spelling will be taken into account. Part 2 consists of one task (25) and is a short written work on the text (essay). When preparing for the Unified State Exam, it is important to understand the main thing: there is no need for special preparation for the Unified State Exam in the content of the subject. There is nothing in the text of the examination paper that goes beyond the scope of school textbooks on the Russian language and programs. However, preparation for the Unified State Exam, like preparation for a traditional exam, does not exclude the necessary generalization and systematization of the material studied at school. How is Russian language work assessed? For correct completion of each task in Part 1 (except for tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24), the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or lack thereof, 0 points are given. For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct. 1 point is given if one of the numbers indicated in the answer does not correspond to the standard and/or one of the numbers indicated in the answer standard is missing. In all other cases, 0 points are given. The order in which the numbers are written in the answer does not matter. For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points. For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to a number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: 1 error made; 3 points: 2 errors made; 2 points: 2 digits indicated correctly; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof). The order in which the numbers are written in the answer matters. For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct. For each correctly indicated number corresponding to the number of a term from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (4 points: no errors; 3 points: 1 error made; 2 points: 2 errors made; 1 point: only one number is indicated correctly; 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof). The order in which the numbers are written in the answer matters. The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he or she correctly completes the task in Part 2 is 24 points. For correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can receive a maximum of 57 primary points. How to write down answers on the form? The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word, phrase, number or sequence of words, numbers written without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. If there is no numbering in the task, a word or combination of words should be written down on the answer form. For example: A B C D E Answer: Answer: PURPOSELESS SPLIT. Answer: A S C O L 14 B E 3 4 PURPOSE WORD or NUMBER in the answer? Answers that include numbering require writing down the numbers.

5 8 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence. The first exhibition of the Peredvizhniki (1) opened in 1871 (2) convincingly demonstrated the existence in painting (3) of a new direction that was taking shape throughout the 60s (4). Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) Someone was cleaning the mansion and waiting for the owners. 2) In the syntactic structure of the two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences. 3) M.V. Lomonosov outlined the distinction between significant and function words, and later this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science. 4) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about Goethe’s correspondence with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin. 5) A. S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both ancient forests and cozy seaside towns. Answer: For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct. SPECIFICITY OF RECORDING THE ANSWER TO TASK 1 Read the text and complete tasks 1 3. (1) If you look at the map, you will be convinced that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of all land Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly< >Siberia is given much attention in Russia's economic development plans. 1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. 2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals. 3) In Russia's economic development plans, much attention is paid to Siberia, since enormous natural resources are concentrated in this region. 4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region makes up one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth and enormous natural resources are concentrated here.

6 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 9 5) Siberia, which has enormous natural resources, receives great attention in Russia's economic development plans. Answer: SPECIFICITY OF RECORDING AN ANSWER TO A TASK Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) Someone was cleaning the mansion and waiting for the owners. 2) In the syntactic structure of the two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences. 3) M.V. Lomonosov outlined the distinction between significant and function words, and later this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science. 4) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about Goethe’s correspondence with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin. 5) A. S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both ancient forests and cozy seaside towns. Answer: SPECIFICITY OF WRITING AN ANSWER TO TASK 7 7 Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position from the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. GRAMMAR ERRORS A) violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial phrase B) error in the construction of a complex sentence C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate E) violation of the type-temporal correlation of verb forms SENTENCES 1) I. S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test, the “test of love,” and thereby reveals the true essence of his hero. 2) Everyone who visited Crimea took with them, after parting with it, vivid impressions of the sea, mountains, southern herbs and flowers. 3) The work “The Tale of a Real Man” is based on real events that happened to Alexei Maresyev.

7 10 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Evaluation 4) S. Mikhalkov argued that the world of merchant Zamoskvorechye can be seen on the stage of the Maly Theater thanks to the excellent acting. 5) In 1885, V.D. Polenov exhibited ninety-seven sketches brought from a trip to the East at a traveling exhibition. 6) The theory of eloquence for all types of poetic works was written by A.I. Galich, who taught Russian and Latin literature at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. 7) In I. Mashkov’s landscape “View of Moscow” there is a feeling of the ringing beauty of a city street. 8) Happy are those who, after a long road with its cold and slush, see a familiar house and hear the voices of relatives. 9) Reading classical literature, you notice how differently the “city of Petrov” is depicted in the works of A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoevsky. Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters. Answer: A B C D E For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. The answer that contains all the numbers from the standard and no other numbers is considered correct.

8 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 11 SPECIFICITY OF WRITING AN ANSWER TO TASK 24 Read a fragment of a review compiled on the basis of the text that you analyzed while completing tasks. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.<...>24 “In order to transport the reader to wartime, V.P. Nekrasov, along with the vocabulary of the thematic group “War” (“dugout”, “quilted jacket”, “machine guns”, “dugout”, “overcoat”), uses (A) (“cage”, “little by little”, “guy”). The author is stingy with detailed descriptions. The more expressive are the rare paths. Thus, when describing the defense of the site, the author uses trope (B) (“bloody battles” in sentence 2, “disgusting approaches” in sentence 3). Enhances the effect of reading (B) (“it couldn’t even occur to me” in sentence 36). The syntactic means of expressiveness (G) (sentence 37) fixes the reader’s attention on the realities of wartime.” List of terms: 1) epithet 2) comparative phrase 3) exclamatory sentences 4) professional vocabulary 5) phraseology 6) lexical repetition 7) opposition 8) colloquial vocabulary 9) a number of homogeneous members of a sentence Answer: A B C D For each correctly indicated number, corresponding to the number of the term from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (4 points: no errors; 3 points: 1 error was made; 2 points: 2 errors were made; 1 point: only one number is correct; 0 points: a completely incorrect answer, i.e. e. incorrect sequence of numbers or lack thereof). The order in which the numbers are written in the answer matters. What are the secrets to successfully completing the exam paper? Rely only on your own strength! Be sure to check out the 2017 demo and answer sheet 1. Complete all questions on the exam test! Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score as many points as possible. The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up.

9 12 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Complete the assignments in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that you cannot complete immediately and move on to the next one. If you have time left after completing all the work, you can return to the missed tasks. Read the assignment wording carefully! Read the question to the end! Do not predict the answer based on the first words of the assignment! Manage your time. Carefully follow the instructions for filling out the forms. Don't forget to transfer your answers to your answer sheets. Fill out all Unified State Exam forms with bright black ink. You can use a gel, capillary or fountain pen. When completing assignments, take the opportunity to write in KIM, use a draft. Before you write your essay, make a plan. Write your essay carefully, in legible handwriting, and do not go beyond the boundaries of the form. Don't forget to check your essay. You will definitely cope with the exam paper! Good luck! WORK AT HOME Complete a version of the exam paper in the Russian language. Instructions for completing the work The examination work consists of two parts containing 25 tasks. Part 1 contains 24 tasks, part 2 contains one task. 3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in the Russian language. The answers to tasks 1 24 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it according to the samples below into the answer form 1. KIM Form A B C D E Answer: Answer: PURPOSELESS SPLIT A C O B E S PURPOSE Answer : Task 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the text read. This task is completed on answer sheet 2. All Unified State Exam forms are filled out in bright black ink. You can use a gel, capillary or fountain pen. When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Entries in the draft are not taken into account when grading work. The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points. We wish you success!

10 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 13 PART 1 The answers to tasks 1 24 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form. Read the text and complete tasks 1 3. (1) Dialectology is closely related to such sciences as the history of language and ethnography. (2) Historians of language have always turned to the data of modern dialects, since, due to uneven development, they often retain archaic elements of the phonetic and grammatical structure, which can be used to explain the history of sounds. (3)< >ethnographers and historians of folk culture are primarily interested in dialect vocabulary, since the main thematic groups of dialect vocabulary express folk ideas about the world. 1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) The close connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography is due to the fact that surviving archaic elements help language historians explain the origin of certain sounds, and dialect vocabulary, which reveals folk ideas about the world, is of interest to ethnographers and historians of folk culture. 2) Dialectology is closely related to such sciences as the history of language and ethnography, because modern boundaries of dialects make it possible, with a greater or lesser degree of probability, to restore the boundaries that separated ancient tribes and then various feudal regions. 3) Historians of language have always turned to data from modern dialects, since they preserve archaic lexical elements that can be used to explain the history of sounds. 4) Ethnographers and historians of folk culture are primarily interested in dialect vocabulary, since, due to uneven development, it often retains archaic elements of the phonetic and grammatical structure. 5) Modern dialects retain archaic elements that can be used to explain the history of sounds, and dialect vocabulary helps to understand folk ideas about the world, which explains the close connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography. Answer:

11 14 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words). For example, A Thus, despite this, If Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word RETURN (ADVERSE). Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. TO TURN UP, -I'm looking for, -I'm looking for; owls 1) around what. Make a circular motion around something. O. around its axis. 2) to someone or something. Turn in the direction of someone. O. facing the window. 3) why. Direct to smth. one's activity, to begin, to take on something. O. to the primary sources. O. to classes. 4) to whom. To go to someone. with a request or to treat someone. with some in words, with speech. O. see a doctor. O. with a question, to someone for advice. 5) into someone or something. Same as transforming. The water turned to steam. The conversation turned into a joke. O. out loud (translated: start listening carefully). In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down. disabled Boyhood driver Wholesale news One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word INCORRECTLY. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word. The fruitful pedagogical, social and EDUCATIONAL activities of the famous actor deserve deep respect. The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities of talented students for professional growth and INVENTIVE activities. With an increase in CUSTOMER demand, the plant is ready to produce more products. Russia has DIPLOMATIC relations with many countries. The pulp of ROOT celery is very dense, aromatic, with a sweetish taste, so this plant is widely used in cooking.

12 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. A RIDICULOUS outfit with SEVEN locks A pack of PASTA in the year 2000 is TASTIER than cake Match grammatical errors with the sentences in which they are made: for each position from the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. GRAMMAR ERRORS A) violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial phrase B) error in the construction of a complex sentence C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate E) violation of the type-temporal correlation of verb forms SENTENCES 1) I. S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test, the “test of love,” and thereby reveals the true essence of his hero. 2) Everyone who visited Crimea took with them, after parting with it, vivid impressions of the sea, mountains, southern herbs and flowers. 3) The work “The Tale of a Real Man” is based on real events that happened to Alexei Maresyev. 4) S. Mikhalkov argued that the world of the merchant Zamoskvorechye can be seen on the stage of the Maly Theater thanks to the excellent acting of the actors. 5) In 1885, V.D. Polenov exhibited ninety-seven sketches brought from a trip to the East at a traveling exhibition. 6) The theory of eloquence for all types of poetic works was written by A.I. Galich, who taught Russian and Latin literature at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. 7) In I. Mashkov’s landscape “View of Moscow” there is a feeling of the ringing beauty of a city street. 8) Happy are those who, after a long road with its cold and slush, see a familiar house and hear the voices of relatives. 9) Reading classical literature, you notice how differently the “city of Petrov” is depicted in the works of A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoevsky.

13 16 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Write down the selected numbers under the appropriate letters in the table. Answer: A B C D E Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. v..rkhovye ornament..nt te..retical k..slept p..noram Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter. be..intact, r..col not..sightly, went..went pr..found, pr..white once..skate, obliquely stop..become, oh..fighting Write down the word in which in the place of the gap the letter I is written. (through and through) (geese) plucking..t (grass) rejoicing..towards (guest) pricking (object) Determine the sentence in which NOT is written CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. The paintings of I.K. Aivazovsky received recognition from the audience (UN)USUALLY early: already in his youth, the artist was awarded a silver medal for the sketch “Air over the Sea”. The author of the project understood: when reconstructing the old part of the city, he would have to make a (UN)SIMPLE decision.

14 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Evaluation Lesson Poetry by A. A. Akhmatova returns things to their original meaning and draws attention to the fact that we normally (NOT) EVALUATE. A strong east wind that continued all night raised large waves. From the dark sky, from the shaggy clouds, crushing each other in confusion, peals of thunder (NON-STOPING) are heard. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words. On Earth, even before the advent of man, events took place for millions of years that changed our planet: mountain ranges rising from sea waters were undermined by snow waters, and ALSO by glaciers that descended from mountain peaks. In many countries, recreation areas are expanding (FOR) DUE to vast areas of former quarries: (FOR) EXAMPLE, in Greece it is planned to develop several quarries where sports fields, attractions and beaches will be located. (C) FOR long hours, Andrei Rublev remained in the temple (ON) ALONE with his teacher Theophan the Greek, who revealed the secrets of painting to the icon painter. The unique composition of the text is determined by variable repetitions, when the thesis (F)INITIALLY is formulated, and (FOR)THEN it is repeated many times. The lightning flashed, and hordes of clouds rushed WHERE (IN) DISTANT. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written. The corner entrances to the city square are decorated with (1) forged (2) bars and gates, decorated with (3) elegant gilded (4) patterns. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) In 1856, in the German city of Karlsruhe, the first edition of the poem “Demon” by the former lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment M.Yu. Lermontov was published and in the same year in Omsk in the family of the staff captain of the same Tenginsky infantry regiment A.M. Vrubel was born son, future artist Mikhail Vrubel. 2) Many of I.K. Aivazovsky’s paintings are perceived as musical or poetic improvisations. 3) For the first time in so many war years, the ringing laughter of children came from the park and the creaking of a swing, rusted from the rain, cut into the air. 4) Composer A. A. Alyabyev was associated with the Decembrist poets both by common views and by many circumstances of life and difficult personal fate. 5) In the Meshchera region, the sources of rivers and springs, groves and oak forests have become protected areas. Answer:

15 18 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence. In the rays of the sun, the grove lit up, as if everything in it was smiling, the thin trunks of the birches (1) taking on the reflection of white silk (2) were still wet from the rain, they were dappled and lit up with red gold (3) the leaves lying on the ground (4). Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences. The space age began (1) maybe (2) when a modest mathematics teacher from Kaluga was the first to prove that a person is capable of flying into space. The first to make drawings of a rocket that is capable of going into space, and to derive the formula for its flight (3) was (4) K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence. The State Tretyakov Gallery (1) collection (2) of which (3) numbers more than sixty thousand works of art (4) reflects the development of Russian art since the 11th century. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence. The regiment stretched out like a long snake (1) and (2) when the rays of the sun hit the bayonets and rifle barrels (3) you could see (4) how the weapons glittered. Read the text and complete the tasks (1)I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She once told me: There are many trials in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first test of need. (7) The second is prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life. (10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless. (14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.” (15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.

16 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson 1 19 (16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice. (25) The boy broke the glass. (26)Who did this? asks the teacher. (27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.” (31) What is he afraid of? (32) Flying down the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them? (36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.” (37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought. (39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary. (40) I’ll tell the truth, but for this I’ll be expelled from school... (41) If I tell the truth, I’ll be fired from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent. (43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge. (45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs. (50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions. (According to F.A. Vigdorova *) * Frida Abramovna Vigdorova () Soviet writer, journalist. 20 Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers. 1) According to Ryleev’s observations, people who have proven themselves on the battlefield as fearless warriors may be afraid to speak out in defense of justice. 2) The boy, fearlessly skiing down the mountains and swimming across unfamiliar rivers, could not admit that he had broken the glass. 3) A person who went through a war as a hero will always stand up for his friend who has been slandered, since he is not afraid of anything. 4) Fear has many faces, but it is only truly scary in war; in peaceful life there is nothing to be afraid of.

17 20 Lesson 1 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment 5) There are many trials in life, and the manifestation of courage is expressed in the ability to “overcome the monkey within oneself” not only in war, but also in peacetime. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers. 1) Sentences 3 9 present a narrative. 2) Sentences contain answers to the questions posed in the sentences) Sentences contain reasoning. 4) The sentences present reasoning. 5) The sentences provide a description. Write out antonyms (antonymous pair) from the sentences. 23 Among the sentences, find one that is connected to the previous one using a personal pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number of this offer. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing assignments. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in ANSWER FORM 1 to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form. 24 "F. A. Vigdorova talks about complex phenomena in our everyday life; it is no coincidence that (A) becomes the leading technique in the text (sentences 24, 29 30). Another technique (B) helps the author focus readers’ attention on important thoughts (sentences 28-29). The author’s sincere excitement and caring attitude towards the problem posed in the text are conveyed by the syntactic device (B) (“as yourself”, “as in your own” in sentence 22) and the trope (G) (“dizzy mountain” in sentence 28, “ treacherous funnels" in sentence 29)". List of terms: 1) book vocabulary 2) epithet 3) opposition 4) colloquial vocabulary 5) anaphora 6) personification 7) introductory word

18 Unified State Exam in Russian. Structure. Content. Assessment Lesson) synonyms 9) comparative phrase Answer: A B C D Do not forget to transfer all answers to ANSWER FORM 1 in accordance with the instructions for completing the work. PART 2 To answer this task, use the ANSWER FORM Write an essay based on the text you read. Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text. Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The essay should be at least 150 words. Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

19 22 Lesson 2 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres Basic concepts Text, main information, secondary information, text compression. I AM COMPLETING THE USE TASK Read the text and complete tasks 1 3. (1) If you look at the map, you will see that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly< >Siberia is given much attention in Russia's economic development plans. 1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences. Answer: 1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. 2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals. 3) In Russia's economic development plans, much attention is paid to Siberia, since enormous natural resources are concentrated in this region. 4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth and enormous natural resources are concentrated here. 5) Siberia, which has enormous natural resources, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words). however, therefore it is because although 3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word PLAN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. PLAN, -a, m. 1) A drawing depicting something on a plane. area, building. P. city. P. of the building (image of it in a horizontal section).

20 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres Lesson) A pre-planned system of activities, providing for the order, sequence and timing of work. Production point. Work according to plan. Strategic item Calendar item 3) The relative arrangement of parts, a brief program of some kind. presentation. P. report. 4) Place, location of something. subject in perspective. Front, rear p. Pull something out. to the first paragraph (also translated: to give something important, significant meaning). 5) The scale of the image of someone or something. Give faces in close-up (in a film or television frame: in the foreground, closer to the viewer). 6) The area of manifestation of something. or way of considering something, point of view (bookish). The action in the play develops on two levels. In theoretical terms. Description of the content of the task. Tasks 1 to 3 are completed within the same text. You need to read the text, consisting of three sentences, and understand its content. In task 1, you must choose from the five proposed options two that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Incorrect statements most often come in three types: secondary information is given that does not reflect the main idea of the text; a factual error has been made that distorts the content of the text; a logical error was made: the semantic relationships between different parts of the text were incorrectly conveyed. In the answer form you should write down the numbers of the answers that correctly convey the main information contained in the text. In task 2 you need to choose the missing word or combination of words that should be in the place of the gap< >, and write it down. In task 3, a fragment of a dictionary entry will be offered, which provides the lexical meanings of a word from the text. You should determine one meaning, namely the one in which the highlighted word is used in the text, and write the corresponding number in the response line. Example of reasoning: Complete the task. Read the text carefully. We highlight the keywords in it. These words are most often repeated in the text because they reflect its theme. (Siberia, dimensions, treasury, development plans.) 2. Consider the semantic connection between the sentences of the text, determine what new information the next sentence brings: it clarifies, refutes, complements or reveals the content of the previous sentence. 3. Let's exclude incorrect statements. Let's look at the example above. 1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. This option is incorrect because it distorts the cause-and-effect relationships: much attention is paid to the development of Siberia not only because it occupies a large territory. 2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals. This option is incorrect because the information offered in it does not exhaust the content of the source text: the text does not only talk about how Siberia surprises us. 3) In Russia's economic development plans, much attention is paid to Siberia, since enormous natural resources are concentrated in this region. This option is correct, since it reflects the main semantic parts of the source text: 1) Siberia is a rich land; 2) this feature determined the importance of this region in the economic development of the country. 4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth and enormous natural resources are concentrated here.

21 24 Lesson 2 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres This option is incorrect because a logical substitution is made in it: two equivalent qualities are cited as the reason: size and natural resources. But Siberia became the object of attention not because of its size, but because colossal reserves of natural resources are hidden in its depths. In addition, a factual error was made: the text does not talk about the “world economy”, but about “the economic development of Russia.” 5) Siberia, which has enormous natural resources, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. This option is correct, since it reflects the main semantic parts of the source text: 1) Siberia is a rich land; 2) this feature determined the importance of this region in the economic development of the country. I write down on the answer form: We complete task 2. We read the text again. We clarify the semantic relationships between the sentences of the text. Let us choose from the words (combinations of words) given below the one that should stand in the place of the gap in the specified sentence of the text, since it reflects these connections. The text states that Siberia is the largest treasury of natural resources, so it receives much attention in economic development plans. Therefore, from the proposed set you need to select the word THEREFORE and write it down on the answer form. I write down on the answer form: 2 P O E T O M U We complete task 3. The word “plan” has multiple meanings. We find it in the text. Let's define its meaning: the text says that great attention will be paid to the development of the natural resources of Siberia. Consequently, we are talking about organizing purposeful activities, preparing the necessary funds, setting deadlines for implementation, and breaking them down into stages. Let's read the dictionary entry, find the meaning in which this word is used in the text (this is meaning 2), pay attention to those examples that illustrate its use in speech (Production clause. Work according to plan. Strategic clause. Calendar clause.) I write it down in answer sheet: 3 2 CLASS WORK Task 1. Insert the missing letters, open the brackets. Read the highlighted words aloud, placing the emphasis correctly. 1) In nouns denoting intermediate countries of the world, a hyphen should be placed: southeast, northwest. 2) Self-interest is dangerous because it makes a person blind and deaf, he commits (un)considered actions and often, uncontrollably striving for personal gain, he loses everything. 3) In the village... we lived happily until our grandfather (not) began to reproach us for laziness and idleness. 4) When the boat tilted r..really and water poured over the side, I cried for a moment. 5) All day we waited tensely for auntie, who was always up to date with all the news, to call. Task 2. Work in pairs. Read the sentences given in task 1 to your classmate, and then listen to him read. Evaluate the correctness of his pronunciation.

22 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres Lesson 2 25 Task Read the meanings of paronyms. Diplomatic, subtly calculated, deft. D. refusal. Diplomatic relating to international politics. D. body. 2. Make up phrases with these words, using a paronym that is suitable in meaning from the ones given above. Sample. Diplomatic response. Reception, person, conversation, representation, action, approach, protocol. Task 4. Work in pairs. A couple of words are given in the exercise. Determine the semantic connection between them and build a second pair of words on the same semantic relationships, choosing the required word from brackets to replace the gap. Formulate an explanation and share it with your classmate. Sample. Day night = movement (running, rocket, darkness, peace) peace. Sample reasoning. Day and night are words with opposite meanings, therefore, the same connection must exist between the word “movement” and the word in brackets. We must choose the word “rest” because it is the opposite in meaning to the word “movement”. 1. Car designer = music (composer, voice, singer, poetry). 2. Book paper = fortress (gate, assault, victory, stone). 3. Utensils cup = beast (hunter, prey, wolf, chicken). Task 5. Read the text. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences. (1) The exceptionally rapid increase in fuel consumption will, over time, apparently lead to a significant increase in carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. (2) Increased carbon dioxide content does not pose a direct threat to animals and people, but it can have catastrophic consequences for the Earth’s climate. (3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, intensively absorbing the infrared radiation of the Earth, will cause heating of both the planet itself and the lower layers of the atmosphere (a greenhouse effect is created), which will lead to the creation of such a hot and humid climate in which all living things will die. 1) An increase in fuel consumption will cause a significant increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but the carbon dioxide content does not threaten either animals or people. 2) The Earth's climate does not directly depend on the content of carbon dioxide, but if a greenhouse effect occurs over time, this will cause a life-threatening content of infrared radiation. 3) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere intensively absorbs infrared radiation from the Earth, which can kill all living things.

23 26 Lesson 2 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres 4) An increase in fuel consumption does not pose a direct threat to people and animals, but due to an increase in carbon dioxide content it leads to a general heating of the Earth and atmosphere, which can cause the death of all life on Earth. 5) Due to increasing fuel consumption, the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere increases, and this can lead to the creation of such a hot and humid climate that life on Earth will be impossible. Answer: Task 6. Read the text. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences. (1)Dance is the main means of expression in ballet, because through movement the content of the ballet, the characters of the characters, their thoughts and feelings are revealed. (2) Music is also of great importance in ballet, its dramatic, emotional power, richness and beauty of melodies and rhythms. (3) In addition, an important role in ballet belongs to scenery, costumes, and lighting. 1) In ballet, scenery, costumes, lighting are important, but the main thing is dance and music. 2) Music reflects the emotional state of a person, allows you to convey feelings inexpressible in words. 3) Ballet uses two main means of expression: music and scenery. 4) Ballet originated at the beginning of the 15th century in Italy, incorporating various dances. 5) Ballet uses various means of expression: scenery, costume, lighting, but dance and music are of main importance. Answer: Task 7. Read the text. (1) According to some, of course, very tentative data, in the era of hunting and gathering fruits, the biosphere could feed no more than 10 million people. (2) Probably, even then, in some of the most densely populated areas, people began to feel a constant lack of food. (3) That is why it was then that man, by taming animals and growing plants, began to adapt the biosphere to his own needs. 1. Using the text material, give detailed answers to the questions orally. 1) How many people could feed themselves during the era of hunting and gathering? 2) What danger did overpopulation pose? 3) What solution did people find? 4) What two periods can be distinguished in the historical development of mankind? 5) How can you title the text? 2. Indicate the sentence that correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text. 1) Already in the era of hunting and gathering, a shortage of food began to be felt in some densely populated areas. 2) People began to engage in hunting and gathering because there were only enough biological resources on Earth for 10 million people.

24 Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres Lesson) When people began to occupy densely populated areas of the Earth, it became necessary to subordinate biological resources to human needs. 4) The lack of biological resources prompted people to switch from hunting and gathering to animal husbandry and plant cultivation. 5) At present, in some densely populated areas, people are experiencing food shortages. WORK AT HOME Task 1. Read the text. (1) Nature conservation in Russia has always been of great social importance. (2) The fate of our native nature constantly worried and concerned the best minds of Russian society. (3)< >Since the 19th century, various scientific circles began to appear in the country, the first of which was the Moscow Society of Natural Scientists, founded in 1805. 1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. 1) The best minds of Russian society thought about how to subordinate nature to social needs. 2) In the 19th century, circles began to appear where the best minds of Russian society gathered and discussed pressing social problems. 3) The fate of Russian nature has always worried the best minds of Russian society, this is evidenced by the fact that already in the 19th century scientific circles began to appear where they studied nature. 4) For Russian society, nature conservation has always been an important social matter; it is no coincidence that already in 1805 the first scientific circle appeared, where they studied nature. 5) Much attention was paid to the development of science in Russia, which is why the first scientific society appeared already in 1805. Answer: 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words). It is no coincidence Although Unfortunately, While However Task 2. Read the text. (1) On the Moon, no air shell prevents the fall of meteorites, therefore even the smallest meteorites, smaller than a pinhead, leave traces in the lunar stone - craters, in which one can clearly distinguish a molten wall, colored stone, fragments, ruptures. (2) If a larger object falls on the surface of the Moon, a gray cloud of dust remains above the impact site for several hours. (3)< >on Earth even meteorites weigh

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