Examples of punctuation marks for separate definitions. Checking homework

Definitions are isolated (that is, they are distinguished by intonation during pronunciation and punctuation marks in writing)	Definitions are not isolated
Refer to the personal pronoun: And he, the rebellious one, asks for a storm... (M.Yu. Lermontov);	Included in the predicate: A neat old man walked around armed with a rain umbrella. (M. Gorky);
They stand after the defined noun: Chichikov sat in a contented mood in his chaise, which had been rolling along the main road for a long time. (N.V. Gogol);	They stand before the qualifying noun and have no additional adverbial meaning: A lantern-lit alley led us to the house);
They stand before the noun they define and have an additional adverbial meaning: Satisfied with the festive dinner, the neighbor stands in front of his neighbor. (A.S. Pushkin);	The agreed definition is expressed by a compound comparative or superlative degree: A story has been written that is more interesting than I expected.;
They stand after indefinite, demonstrative, possessive and attributive pronouns that have the meaning of clarification or explanation: Everything connected with my childhood still evokes nostalgic feelings;	They stand after indefinite, demonstrative, attributive, negative and possessive pronouns, being indivisible parts of the sentence: Everything laughing, cheerful, marked with the stamp of humor was inaccessible to him. (V. Korolenko);
Remember: - the turnover taken together is always isolated: All this taken together convinces us of the correctness of our choice.; - a separate definition can be highlighted with a DASH: 1) In the middle of the sentence: Each of us decides this question - to leave or stay - for himself. 2) At the end of the sentence: I was attracted by this look - mysterious, reminiscent of the Sphinx. 3) Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, which can be preceded by namely: I came to you with pure motives, with the only desire - to do good! (A. Chekhov)	Inconsistent definitions are NOT isolated if they refer to a common noun: We approached a house with broken shutters, wide open and half-broken doors.

Punctuation marks for separate applications

Application- this is a definition expressed by a noun without a preposition, standing in the same case and number as the word being defined: winter- enchantress.

Single applications are written with a hyphen	In single applications, a hyphen is NOT included.
With the one defined by it. common noun: neighbor-musician;	If the application before the noun being defined can be replaced with a single-root adjective: Handsome man - handsome man;
With a proper noun acting as an appendix for a generic concept: Moscow River	If a proper name comes after a common noun: Moskva river;
	If words come first comrade, citizen, master, our brother: citizen judge;
	If in a combination of two common nouns the first denotes a generic concept (broader), and the second - a specific (narrower): boletus mushroom

Dedicated Applications- these are applications that are distinguished by intonation during pronunciation and punctuation marks (commas and dashes) in writing.

The application is separated and separated by commas, If:

• a common application refers to a noun:

  A healthy woman, one of his daughters-in-law, brought a pot of milk. (L. Tolstoy);

• the application is divorced from the defined word - noun:

  One of the participants in this competition, an actress, opened the door for us.

• a single uncommon application comes after a common noun that has dependent words:

  One girl, a Polish woman, looked after me. (M. Gorky);

• stands after the word being defined - a proper noun:

  Sergei Nikolaevich Voronov, an attractive man, has always been the soul of the women's team;

• stands before the word being defined (proper noun) and has an additional adverbial meaning:

  A renegade of violent pleasures, Onegin locked himself at home, yawning, and took up his pen. (A. Pushkin);

• serves to clarify or clarify a common noun (you can substitute the words: namely, that is, and the name is):

  One of the students, Natasha Petrova, immediately caught my attention;

• refers to a personal pronoun (in this case, it can appear before or after the word being defined - a personal pronoun):

  She, an optimist, did not want to think about the bad.

Distinguish:

• isolated applications and predicates expressed by nouns in the nominative case: He, a lazy person, had a hard time forcing himself to study. - He is lazy, so it is difficult for him to force himself to study.

Remember:

• separate applications can be appended with the words THAT IS, OR (= THAT IS), FOR example, BY ORIGIN, BY NICKNAME, BY LAST NAME, BY NAME, ORIGIN. A comma should NOT be placed after such words:

  Many students, such as chemists and biologists, took part in this event;

• separate applications can be joined by the union AS, which is important for the reason: As the best student, Nikolaev was elected head of the group.

Distinguish:

• separate applications joined using the union AS (= BY REASON) and AS (= AS):

  As a responsible person, Sergei was assigned the most difficult tasks. (Assigned why?) - I knew Sergei as (= as) a responsible person.

The application is isolated and highlighted with a DASH, If:

• The independence of the common application at the end of the sentence is emphasized:

  I don't really like this tree - aspen. (I. Turgenev);

• has an explanatory character (there is a dash on both sides):

  The hundred-year-old oak - the most beautiful tree in our park - always gathers a lot of people around it;

• before the application you can put the words NAMELY, THAT IS:

  I was waiting for our magnificent berry to ripen - the blackthorn. (V. Soloukhin);

• the application refers to one of the homogeneous members (for clarity):

  The director, the class leader - Alyosha Petrov and the class teacher spoke at the meeting.

Separate members of the sentence- these are minor members that stand out in meaning and with the help of intonation. On the letter isolated members are highlighted with punctuation marks.

The following can be separated:

1. Definitions.

Separate definitions.

Definitions in the sentence are isolated:

1. Two or more definitions that come after the word being defined:

And thunder struck, spring, life-giving.

2. Common Definitions which are expressed by a participial phrase or an adjective that has dependent words after the word being defined:

The boy saw a woman carrying a heavy bag and decided to help her.

3. Single definition, which comes after the word being defined and has an adverbial meaning:

The child, cranky, did not want to fall asleep.

4. A common or single definition that is separated from the word being defined by other words:

Having broken the window, the impudent boys ran away to play in another yard.

5. A common or single definition, which stands in a sentence immediately before the word being defined and has an additional adverbial meaning:

Crying, the baby whined quietly and shuddered.

6. Inconsistent definitions, which need to be torn away from the neighboring member of the sentence or to strengthen the conveyed or meaning:

First-graders, in beautiful uniforms, with bouquets of flowers, cheerfully walked to the line with their parents.

7. A definition that defines a pronoun (the word being defined is the pronoun):

He, tall and courageous, looked very attractive.

Definitions are not isolated in the following cases:

1. If we have before us a common definition, expressed by a participial phrase or an adjective with dependent words, which refers to an indefinite pronoun and comes after it in a sentence:

In the darkness I noticed something that looked like a dog.

2. If we have a common definition, which is expressed by a participial phrase or an adjective with dependent words, which is located before the word being defined:

This little lump is your little brother.

In writing, isolated definitions are separated by commas.

Isolated parts of a sentence in oral speech are distinguished by intonation, and in written speech - by commas on both sides.

Identification of separate additions

Specifying circumstances of place, time, manner of action are isolated if they come after the ones being specified.

The difficulty in applying this rule is that it is not always easy to distinguish the qualifying word from the qualifying word; to do this, you need to know what exactly the author wanted to say.

Compare:

The book lies in the corner, on the shelf. Concept corner(if we talk about the correlation between the part and the whole) is broader than the concept shelf: This is probably the corner of the room where the shelf is located. Circumstance on the shelf in this context, it is clarifying and is separated by a comma.

The book lies in the corner on the shelf. Concept corner already have ideas shelf: This is probably a closed shelf that has corners and the book is in the corner of the shelf rather than in the corner of the room. Here the clarifying circumstance will be the word in the corner, but it comes before the one being specified on the shelf and therefore is not isolated.

Another example:

Meet me on Tuesday at fifteen o'clock. The addressee knew nothing about the time of the meeting, so he first learns about the day of the meeting, and then the time within this day is specified. In this case, the qualifying circumstance will be at fifteen o'clock; it stands apart because it comes after the specified circumstance. Compare: Meet me at fifteen o'clock on Tuesday. If the meaning of the sentence has not changed, but the specified and clarifying circumstances have swapped places, then nothing is isolated, since the clarifying appears in front of the specified. The situation will be different if the sentence has a different meaning. Meet me at fifteen o'clock on Tuesday. The addressee knows that meetings always take place at fifteen o'clock; he must clarify on which day he will be invited. In this case, the clarifying circumstance will be on Tuesday, it stands out because it comes after what is being specified.

Since the placement of signs in clarifying circumstances strongly depends on the meaning that the author wanted to convey, when dictating such circumstances are necessarily highlighted by intonation.

Signs for constructions with gerunds

Commas on both sides are used to highlight adverbial constructions(circumstances expressed by single participles or participial phrases).

Participial constructions are highlighted regardless of their place in the sentence.

Signs for homogeneous adverbial constructions are placed in the same way as for other homogeneous members. In order to determine whether the gerunds are homogeneous, look carefully to see whether they refer to the same predicate. Pay attention to the placement of signs: Scaring away the sparrowsAnd whistling , boywalkedon the street ( union And connects homogeneous participial constructions related to the predicate walked). Boy walked on the street,scaring away the sparrows, and, whistling, composed a melody. ( union And connects homogeneous predicates went and composed, each of which includes adverbial constructions, the adverbial constructions themselves are not homogeneous ).

Different groups of predicates are highlighted in color

Participial phrases and participles are not isolated in the following cases:

If the meaning of the gerund is close to the adverb. He sat hunched over.;

If the gerund is part of a stable turnover. Work carelessly.

Do not confuse adverbs derived from them with gerunds: standing, sitting, lying down, silently, reluctantly, without looking, slowly, playfully, hummingly, sneaking, etc. These words are gerunds if they form an adverbial phrase. I had to ride lying down. Lying on the seashore, you can dream.

Signs under the circumstances of assignment, reasons, purposes, conditions

Commas are used to highlight circumstances of the assignment, reasons, goals, conditions beginning with words: despite, in spite of, in spite of, thanks to, according to, as a result, in view of, for the reason, on occasion, by virtue of, with consent, for lack of, for the sake of, in order to avoid, provided, in case of, in the presence of, in the absence of, etc.

Identification of separate definitions

Agreed definitions are separated on both sides in the following cases.

1. Usually, are isolated(separated by a comma, and in the middle of the sentence they are separated by commas on both sides) agreed common definitions, expressed by a participle or an adjective with words dependent on them and standing after the word being defined.

For example: A dirty city downpour struck, mixed with dust (B. Past.) ; Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, crossed Siberia on horseback at the end of the last century on a trip to Sakhalin, missed you all the way to the Yenisei(Spread); Master, dozing on the grass, stood up and nodded(Hall.); In the rough grass similar to goat hair, low purple flowers bloomed between the low wormwoods(Color.); Dust, pink from the sparkle of lightning, rushed along the ground(Paust.); loose clouds, soaked in dark water, rushed low over the sea(Paust.).

2. Participles and adjectives with dependent words, standing after an indefinite pronoun, are usually not isolated, since they form one whole with the preceding pronoun.

For example: Her big eyes, filled with inexplicable sadness, seemed to be searching in mine. something like hope (Lermontov).

But if the semantic connection between the pronoun and the definition that follows it is less close and a pause is made when reading after the pronoun, then isolation is possible.

For example: And someone sweaty and out of breath, runs from store to store... (V. Panova)

3. Determinative, demonstrative and possessive pronouns are not separated by a comma from the participial phrase that follows them, but are closely adjacent to it.

For example: IN everything published in the book factual data has been verified by the author; IN this forgotten by people I rested in the corner all summer; Your handwritten the lines were hard to read.

But if the attributive pronoun is substantivized or if the participial phrase has the character of clarification or explanation, then the definition is isolated.

For example: All, railway related, is still covered in the poetry of travel for me(Paustovsky); I wanted to distinguish myself before this, dear to me, human...(Bitter).

Often sentences with agreed upon definitions allow for variations in punctuation.

Compare: That middle one plays better than the others (That– definition for a substantivized word average). – That one, the middle one, plays better than others(substantivized word That– subject, with it a separate definition average ).

The common definition is not separated by a comma from the preceding negative pronoun.

For example: Nobody qualified for the Olympics did not solve the last problem; Can't compare to these dishes nothing served under the same name in vaunted taverns (although such designs are very rare).

4. Two or more consistent single definitions are separated, standing after the noun being defined, if the latter is preceded by another definition.

For example: . ..Favorite faces, dead and alive, come to mind...(Turgenev); ...Long clouds, red and purple, guarded him[sun] peace...(Chekhov).

In the absence of a previous definition, two subsequent single definitions are isolated or not, depending on the author's intonation and semantic load, as well as their location (definitions that stand between the subject and the predicate are isolated).

Compare:

1) ...I especially liked the eyes, big and sad (Turgenev); And the Cossacks, both on foot and on horseback, set out on three roads to three gates(Gogol); Mother, sad and anxious, sat on a thick knot and was silent...(Gladkov);

2) Under this thick gray overcoat my heart was beating passionate and noble (Lermontov); I walked along a clean, smooth path, but didn’t follow(Yesenin); He moved his bow across the old gypsy violin lean and gray (Marshak).

5. The agreed single (non-extended) definition is isolated:

1) if it carries a significant semantic load and in meaning can be equated to a subordinate clause.

For example: The caretaker, sleepy, appeared at his cry.(Turgenev);

2) if it has additional circumstantial meaning.

For example: It is impossible for a young man in love not to spill the beans, but I confessed everything to Rudin(Turgenev) (Compare: “ if he's in love»); Lyubochka's veil clings again, and two young ladies, excited, run up to her(Chekhov);

3) if the definition is torn off in the text from the noun being defined.

For example: Their eyes closed and, half-closed, they also smiled(Turgenev);

4) if the definition has a clarifying meaning.

For example: And about five minutes later it was pouring heavily,(Chekhov).

6. Consistent common or single definitions standing immediately before the defined noun are separated if they have an additional adverbial meaning (causal, conditional, concessional, temporary).

For example: Accompanied by an officer, the commandant entered the house(Pushkin); Stunned by the blow of a cargo fist, At first Bulanin staggered in place, not understanding anything.(Kuprin); Tired to the last degree, the climbers could not continue their ascent; Left to our own devices, children will find themselves in a difficult situation; Wide, free, the alley leads into the distance(Bryusov); Disheveled, unwashed, Nezhdanov looked wild and strange(Turgenev); Well-versed in real village life, Bunin literally flew into a rage at the far-fetched, unreliable portrayal of the people.(L. Krutikova); Tired of mom's cleanliness, the guys learned to be cunning(V. Panova); Confused, Mironov bowed to his back(Bitter).

7. An agreed common or single definition is isolated if it is torn off from the defined noun by other members of the sentence (regardless of whether the definition is located before or after the word being defined).

For example: And again, cut off from tanks by fire, infantry lay down on a bare slope...(Sholokhov); Spread out on the grass, well-deserved shirts and pants were drying...(V. Panova); Over the noise, they did not immediately hear a knock on the window - persistent, solid (Fedin) (several separate definitions, often at the end of a sentence, can be separated by a dash).

8. Agreed definitions relating to the personal pronoun are isolated, regardless of the degree of prevalence and location of the definition.

For example: Lulled by sweet hopes, he slept soundly(Chekhov); He turned and left, and I, confused, remained next to the girl in the empty hot steppe(Paustovsky); From him, the jealous one, locked in a room, you, lazy one, will remember me with a kind word(Simonov).

Definitions for personal pronouns are not separated:

a) if the definition is meaningfully and grammatically connected with both the subject and the predicate.

For example: We went away happy with their evening (Lermontov); He's coming out of the back rooms already completely upset... (Goncharov); To the hut we arrived soaked through (Paustovsky); She came home upset, but not discouraged(G Nikolaeva);

b) if the definition is in the accusative case (this construction, with a hint of obsolescence, can be replaced by a modern construction with the instrumental case).

For example: I found him ready to hit the road(Pushkin) (compare " found it ready...»); And then he saw him lying on a hard bed in the poor neighbor's house(Lermontov); See also: And when she’s drunk, the police hit her on the cheeks(Bitter);

c) in exclamatory sentences like: Oh, you're cute! Oh, I'm clueless!

9. Inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns(usually with a preposition) in artistic speech they are usually isolated if the meaning they express is emphasized.

For example: Officers, in new frock coats, white gloves and shiny epaulets, paraded through the streets and boulevards(L. Tolstoy); Some plump woman with sleeves rolled up and apron raised, stood in the middle of the yard...(Chekhov); Five, without frock coats, in only vests, were playing...(Goncharov).

In a neutral style of speech, there is a steady tendency towards the absence of isolation of such definitions.

For example: Teenagers in knitted hats and down jackets- permanent inhabitants of underground passages.

Inconsistent definitions can also appear before the noun being defined.

For example: In a white tie, in a smart overcoat, with a string of stars and crosses on a gold chain in the loop of his tailcoat., the general was returning from lunch, alone(Turgenev).

Typically, such inconsistent definitions are isolated (the isolation of inconsistent definitions in all of the following cases is affected by their location):

a) if they refer to your own name.

For example: Sasha Berezhnova, in a silk dress, with a cap on the back of his head and a shawl, sitting on the sofa(Goncharov); Elizaveta Kievna never left my memory, with red hands, in a man's dress, with a pitiful smile and meek eyes(A.N. Tolstoy); Light brown, with a curly head, without a hat and with his shirt unbuttoned on his chest, Dymov seemed beautiful and extraordinary(Chekhov);

b) if they refer to a personal pronoun.

For example: I'm surprised that you, with your kindness, don't feel it(L. Tolstoy); ...Today she, in the new blue hood, was especially young and impressively beautiful(Bitter);

c) if separated from the defined word by any other members of the sentence.

For example: After dessert everyone moved to the buffet, where in a black dress, with a black mesh on her head, Caroline sat and watched with a smile as they looked at her(Goncharov) (regardless of whether the word being defined is expressed by a proper or common noun); On his ruddy face, with a straight big nose, bluish eyes shone sternly(Bitter);

d) if they form a series of homogeneous members with preceding or subsequent separate agreed upon definitions.

For example: I saw a man wet, in rags, with a long beard (Turgenev); With bony shoulder blades, with a lump under his eye, bent over and clearly afraid of water, he was a funny figure(Chekhov) (regardless of what part of speech the word being defined is expressed in).

Inconsistent definitions are often identified when naming persons according to degree of relationship, profession, position held etc., since due to the significant specificity of such nouns, the definition serves the purpose of an additional message.

For example: Grandfather, in grandma's katsaveyka, in an old cap without a visor, squints, smiles at something(Bitter); Headman, in boots and a saddle-backed coat, with tags in hand, noticing the priest from afar, took off his red hat(L. Tolstoy).

Isolating an inconsistent definition can serve as a means of deliberately separating a given phrase from a neighboring predicate, to which it could be related in meaning and syntactically, and attributing it to the subject.

For example: Women, with a long rake in his hands, wandering into the field(Turgenev); Painter, drunk, drank a glass of lacquer instead of beer(Bitter).

Compare also: ...It seemed to Mercury Avdeevich that the stars were growing in the sky and the entire yard, with its buildings, rose and walked silently towards the sky(Fedin) (without isolation, combination with buildings would not play the role of definition).

10. Inconsistent definitions expressed by a phrase with the comparative form of an adjective are separated if the defined noun is usually preceded by an agreed definition.

For example: Force, stronger than his will, threw him out of there(Turgenev); Short beard slightly darker than hair, slightly shaded the lips and chin(A.K. Tolstoy); Another room, almost twice as much, was called the hall...(Chekhov).

In the absence of a previous agreed definition, the inconsistent definition expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective is not isolated.

For example: But at other times there was no more active person than him(Turgenev).

11. Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, are isolated and separated with the help of a dash, before which the words “namely” can be placed without prejudice to the meaning.

For example: ...I came to you with pure motives, with the only desire - to do good!(Chekhov); But this lot is beautiful - shine and die (Bryusov).

If such a definition is in the middle of a sentence, then it is highlighted with a dash on both sides.

For example: . ..Each of them solved this issue - leave or stay- for yourself, for your loved ones(Ketlinskaya).

But if, according to the context, there must be a comma after the definition, then the second dash is usually omitted.

For example: Since there was only one choice left - lose the army and Moscow or Moscow alone, then the field marshal had to choose the latter(L. Tolstoy).

See next page

In Russian, a sentence consists of main and secondary members. The subject and predicate are the basis of any statement, however, without circumstances, additions and definitions, it does not so widely reveal the idea that the author wants to convey. To make the sentence more voluminous and fully convey the meaning, it combines the grammatical basis and secondary members of the sentence, which have the ability to be isolated. What does it mean? Isolation is the separation of minor members from the context by meaning and intonation, in which words acquire syntactic independence. This article will look at separate definitions.

Definition

So, first you need to remember what a simple definition is, and then start studying the separate ones. So, definitions are the secondary members of a sentence that answer the questions “Which?” and “Whose?” They indicate a sign of the subject being discussed in the statement, are distinguished by punctuation marks and depend on the grammatical basis. But isolated definitions acquire a certain syntactic independence. In writing they are distinguished by commas, and in oral speech - by intonation. Such definitions, as well as simple ones, are of two types: consistent and inconsistent. Each type has its own characteristics of isolation.

Agreed Definitions

An isolated agreed definition, just like a simple one, always depends on the noun, which is the defining word for it. Such definitions are formed by adjectives and participles. They can be single or have dependent words and stand in a sentence immediately after the noun or be separated from it by other members of the sentence. As a rule, such definitions have a semi-predicative meaning; it is especially clearly visible in the case when the sentence construction contains adverbial words that are distributive for this definition. Single definitions are also distinguished if they appear after a noun or pronoun and clearly indicate their characteristics. For example: the child, embarrassed, stood near his mother; pale, tired, he lay down on the bed. Definitions expressed by short passive participles and short adjectives are necessarily excluded. For example: then the beast appeared, shaggy and tall; our world is burning, spiritual and transparent, and it will become truly good.

Inconsistent definitions

Like simple inconsistent definitions, conditional in a sentence, they are expressed by nouns in indirect case forms. In a statement, they are almost always an additional message and are meaningfully associated with personal pronouns and proper names. The definition in this case is always isolated if it has a semi-predicative meaning and is temporary. This condition is mandatory, because proper names are sufficiently specific and do not require constant features, and the pronoun is not lexically combined with features. For example: Seryozhka, with a worn spoon in his hands, took his place by the fire; Today he, in a new jacket, looked especially good. In the case of a common noun, a characterizing meaning is required to isolate the definition. For example: In the middle of the village stood an old abandoned house with a massive tall chimney on the roof.

Which definitions are not excluded?

In some cases, even in the presence of relevant factors, the definitions are not isolated:

1. In the case when definitions are used together with words that do not have an inferior lexical meaning (Father looked angry and menacing.) In this example there is a defining word “appearance”, but the definition is not isolated.
2. Common definitions cannot be isolated when connected with the two main members of a sentence. (After mowing, the hay lay folded in bins.)
3. If the definition is expressed in a complex comparative form or has a superlative adjective. (More popular songs appeared.)
4. If the so-called attributive phrase stands after an indefinite, attributive, demonstrative or possessive pronoun and forms a single whole with it.
5. If the adjective comes after a negative pronoun, such as no one, no one, no one. (No one admitted to the exams was able to answer the additional question.)

Punctuation marks

When writing sentences with separate definitions, they should be separated by commas in the following cases:

1. If the isolated definitions are a participle or an adjective and come after the qualifying word. (The perfume given to her (which one?) had a divine aroma, reminiscent of spring freshness.) This sentence has two definitions, expressed by participial phrases. For the first turn, the defining word is perfume, and for the second, aroma.
2. If two or more definitions are used after a defining word, they are separated. (And this sun, kind, gentle, was shining right through my window.) This rule also applies in cases of using inconsistent definitions. (Father, wearing a hat and a black coat, walked quietly along the park alley.)
3. If in a sentence the definition indicates an additional circumstance (concessive, conditional or causal). (Tired by the hot day (reason), she fell on the bed exhausted.)
4. If in a statement the definition depends on the personal pronoun. (Dreaming of a vacation at sea, he continued to work.)
5. A separate definition is always separated by commas if it is separated from the defining word by other members of the sentence or stands in front of it. (And in the sky, accustomed to the rain, a raven circled senselessly.)

How to find isolated definitions in a sentence

In order to find a sentence with a separate definition, you should pay attention to punctuation marks. Then highlight the grammatical basis. By asking questions from the subject and predicate, establish connections between words and find definitions in the sentence. If these minor members are separated by commas, then this is the desired construction of the statement. Quite often, isolated definitions are expressed by participial phrases, which, as a rule, come after the defining word. Also, such definitions can be expressed by adjectives and participles with dependent words and single ones. Quite often there are isolated homogeneous definitions in a sentence. It is not difficult to identify them; in a sentence they are expressed by homogeneous participles and adjectives.

Exercises for consolidation

To better understand the topic, you need to consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice. To do this, you should complete exercises in which you need to find sentences with separate definitions, place punctuation marks in them and explain each comma. You can also take dictation and write down sentences. By performing this exercise, you will develop the ability to identify isolated definitions by ear and write them down correctly. The ability to place commas correctly will come in handy both during your studies and during entrance exams to a higher educational institution.