Gosstandart of the Russian Federation chemistry 1st generation. Requirements for the level of training of graduates

Previously, this state standard had the number 032300 (according to the Classifier of directions and specialties of higher professional education)
4

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

I APPROVED

Deputy Minister of Education

Russian Federation

V.D.
Shadrikov
14_____04_______2000

State registration number

375 ped/sp___

STATE EDUCATIONAL

STANDARD

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Speciality

032300 Chemistry

Qualification chemistry teacher

Introduced from the moment of approval

Moscow 2000

1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIALTY 032300 Chemistry

The specialty was approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 686 dated March 2, 2000. Graduate qualification - chemistry teacher

Standard period for mastering the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher in the specialty 032300 Chemistry at full-time training 5 years.

Qualification characteristics of the graduate

A graduate who has qualified as a chemistry teacher must be ready to train and educate students taking into account the specifics of the subject being taught; promote socialization, the formation of a common personal culture, conscious choice and subsequent mastery of professional educational programs; use a variety of techniques, methods and teaching aids; ensure the level of training of students that meets the requirements of the state educational standard; be aware of the need to respect the rights and freedoms of students provided for by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Convention on the Rights of the Child; systematically improve your professional qualifications, be ready to participate in activities methodological associations and in other forms of methodological work, communicate with parents (persons replacing them); comply with the rules and regulations of labor protection, safety and fire protection, ensure the protection of life and health of students in the educational process.

A graduate who has qualified as a chemistry teacher must know the Constitution of the Russian Federation; laws of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation and educational authorities; Convention on the Rights of the Child; fundamentals of general theoretical disciplines to the extent necessary to solve pedagogical, scientific, methodological and organizational and managerial problems; pedagogy, psychology, age physiology, school hygiene, methods of teaching the subject and educational work; programs and textbooks;

requirements for equipment and equipment of classrooms and utility rooms; teaching aids and their didactic capabilities; main directions and prospects for the development of education and pedagogical science; fundamentals of law, scientific organization of labor; rules and regulations of labor protection, safety and fire protection. A graduate of specialty 032300 Chemistry is prepared to work in educational institutions of various types.

The types of professional activities of a specialist are:

teaching,

scientific and methodological,

socio-pedagogical,

educational,

cultural and educational,

correctional and developmental,

managerial.

Opportunities for continuing education of a graduate - a chemistry teacher who has mastered the basic educational program of higher professional education in specialty 032300 Chemistry

The graduate is prepared to continue his education in graduate school.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION OF THE APPLICANT
The applicant's previous level of education is secondary (complete) general education. The applicant must have a state-issued document on secondary (complete) general education or secondary vocational education, or primary vocational education, if it contains a record of the bearer receiving secondary (complete) general education, or higher vocational education.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

GRADUATE TRAINING IN SPECIALTY 032300 Chemistry
The basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher is developed on the basis of this state educational standard and includes a curriculum, programs of academic disciplines, programs of educational and practical training. Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of the basic educational program for preparing a chemistry teacher for the conditions of its implementation and the timing of its development are determined by this state educational standard. The main educational program for training a chemistry teacher consists of disciplines of the federal component, disciplines of the national-regional (university) component, disciplines of the student’s choice, as well as elective disciplines. Disciplines and courses of the student’s choice in each cycle must meaningfully complement the disciplines specified in federal component cycle. The basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher should provide for the student to study the following cycles of disciplines and state certification:

GSE cycle - general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines;

cycle EN - general mathematical and natural science disciplines;

OPD cycle - general professional disciplines;

DPP cycle - subject training disciplines;

FTD - electives.

The content of the national-regional component of the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher should ensure the preparation of the graduate in accordance with qualification characteristics established by this state educational standard.
4. Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher

specialty 032300 Chemistry

	Name of disciplines and their main sections	Total hours

	General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines
	Federal component
	Foreign language Specifics of articulation of sounds, intonation, accentuation and rhythm of neutral speech in the target language; the main features of the complete pronunciation style, characteristic of the field of professional communication; reading the transcription. Lexical minimum in the amount of 4000 educational lexical units of a general and terminological nature. The concept of differentiation of vocabulary by areas of application (everyday, terminological, general scientific, official and other). The concept of free and stable phrases, phraseological units. The concept of the main methods of word formation. Grammatical skills that provide general communication without distorting the meaning in written and oral communication; basic grammatical phenomena characteristic of professional speech. The concept of everyday literary, official business, scientific styles, style fiction. Main features of the scientific style. Culture and traditions of the countries of the language being studied, rules of speech etiquette. Speaking. Dialogue and monologue speech using the most common and relatively simple lexical and grammatical means in basic communicative situations of informal and official communication. Fundamentals of public speech (oral communication, report). Listening. Understanding dialogic and monologue speech in the field of everyday and professional communication. Reading. Types of texts: simple pragmatic texts and texts on broad and narrow specialty profiles. Letter. Types of speech works: abstract, abstract, theses, messages, private letter, business letter, biography.
	Physical Culture Physical culture in general cultural and professional training of students. Its socio-biological foundations. Physical culture and sport as social phenomena of society. Legislation of the Russian Federation on physical culture and sports. Physical culture of the individual. Basics of a healthy lifestyle for a student. Features of using funds physical culture to optimize performance. General physical and special training in the physical education system. Sport. Individual choice of sports or physical exercise systems. Professional applied physical training of students. Basics of self-study methods and self-monitoring of the state of your body.
	National history Essence, forms, functions of historical knowledge. Methods and sources of the study of history. Concept and classification of historical source. Domestic historiography in the past and present: general and special. Methodology and theory historical science. Russian history - an integral part of world history. Ancient heritage in the era of the Great Migration. The problem of ethnogenesis of the Eastern Slavs. The main stages of the formation of statehood. Ancient Rus' and nomads. Byzantine-Old Russian connections. Features of the social system of Ancient Rus'. Ethnocultural and socio-political processes of the formation of Russian statehood. Acceptance of Christianity. Spread of Islam. The evolution of East Slavic statehood in X I - XII centuries Socio-political changes in Russian lands in XIII - XV centuries Rus' and the Horde: problems of mutual influence. Russia and the medieval states of Europe and Asia. Specifics of the formation of a unified Russian state. The rise of Moscow. Formation of a class system of society organization. Peter's reforms I . Age of Catherine. Prerequisites and features of folding Russian absolutism. Discussions about the genesis of autocracy. Features and main stages of economic development of Russia. Evolution of forms of land ownership. The structure of feudal land tenure. Serfdom in Russia. Manufacturing and industrial production. The formation of industrial society in Russia: general and special. Social thought and features of the social movement in Russia XIX V. Reforms and reformers in Russia. Russian culture XIX century and its contribution to world culture. The role of the twentieth century in world history. Globalization social processes. The problem of economic growth and modernization. Revolutions and reforms. Social transformation of society. The clash of tendencies of internationalism and nationalism, integration and separatism, democracy and authoritarianism. Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. Objective need industrial modernization of Russia. Russian reforms in the context of global development at the beginning of the century. Political parties of Russia: genesis, classification, programs, tactics. Russia in conditions of world war and national crisis. Revolution of 1917. Civil war and intervention, their results and consequences. Russian emigration. Socio-economic development of the country in the 20s. NEP. Formation of a one-party political regime. Education of the USSR. Cultural life of the country in the 20s. Foreign policy. The course towards building socialism in one country and its consequences. Socio-economic transformations in the 30s. Strengthening the regime of Stalin's personal power. Resistance to Stalinism. USSR on the eve and during the initial period of the Second World War. The Great Patriotic War. Socio-economic development, socio-political life, culture, foreign policy USSR in the post-war years. Cold War. Attempts to implement political and economic reforms. Scientific and technological revolution and its influence on the course of social development. USSR in the mid-60s-80s: growing crisis phenomena. Soviet Union in 1985-1991 Perestroika. The 1991 coup attempt and its failure. Collapse of the USSR. Belovezhskaya agreements. October events 1993 The formation of a new Russian statehood (1993-1999). Russia is on the path of radical socio-economic modernization. Culture in modern Russia. Foreign policy activity in a new geopolitical situation.
	Cultural studies Structure and composition of modern cultural knowledge. Culturology and philosophy of culture, sociology of culture, cultural anthropology. Culturology and cultural history. Theoretical and applied cultural studies. Methods of cultural studies. Basic concepts of cultural studies: culture, civilization, morphology of culture, functions of culture, subject of culture, cultural genesis, dynamics of culture, language and symbols of culture, cultural codes, intercultural communications, cultural values and norms, cultural traditions, cultural picture of the world, social institutions of culture, cultural self-identity, cultural modernization. Typology of cultures. Ethnic and national, elite and mass culture. Eastern and Western types of cultures. Specific and “middle” cultures. Local cultures. The place and role of Russia in world culture. Trends in cultural universalization in the global modern process. Culture and nature. Culture and society. Culture and global problems of our time. Culture and personality. Enculturation and socialization.
	Political science Object, subject and method political science. Functions of political science. Political life and power relations. The role and place of politics in the life of modern societies. Social functions of politics. History of political doctrines. Russian political tradition: origins, sociocultural foundations, historical dynamics. Modern political science schools. Civil society, its origin and features. Features of formation civil society in Russia. Institutional aspects of politics. Political power. Politic system. Political regimes, political parties, electoral systems. Political relations and processes. Political conflicts and ways to resolve them. Political technologies. Political management. Political modernization. Political organizations and movements. Political elites. Political leadership. Sociocultural aspects of politics. World politics and international relations. Features of the world political process. National-state interests of Russia in the new geopolitical situation. Methodology for understanding political reality. Paradigms of political knowledge. Expert political knowledge; political analytics and forecasting.
	Jurisprudence State and law. Their role in the life of society. Rule of law and normative legal acts. Basic legal systems modernity. International law as a special system of law. Sources Russian law. Law and regulations. System of Russian law. Branches of law. Offense and legal liability. The importance of law and order in modern society. Constitutional state. The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the fundamental law of the state. Peculiarities federal structure Russia. Organ system state power In Russian federation. The concept of civil legal relations. Individuals and legal entities. Ownership. Obligations in civil law and liability for their violation. Inheritance law. Marriage and family relations. Mutual rights and obligations of spouses, parents and children. Responsibility under family law. Employment agreement (contract). Labor discipline and responsibility for its violation. Administrative offenses and administrative liability. Concept of crime. Criminal liability for committing crimes. Environmental law. Features of legal regulation of future professional activities. Legal basis for the protection of state secrets. Legislative and regulatory acts in the field of information protection and state secrets.
	Russian language and culture of speech Styles of modern Russian literary language. Language norm, its role in the formation and functioning of a literary language. Speech interaction. Basic units of communication. Oral and written varieties of literary language. Normative, communicative, ethical aspects of oral and writing. Functional styles of modern Russian language. Interaction of functional styles. Scientific style. Specifics of using elements of various language levels in scientific speech. Speech norms for educational and scientific fields of activity. Official business style, the scope of its functioning, genre diversity. Language formulas of official documents. Techniques for unifying the language of official documents. International properties of Russian official business writing. Language and style administrative documents. Language and style of commercial correspondence. Language and style of instructional and methodological documents. Advertising in business speech. Rules for document preparation. Speech etiquette in a document. Genre differentiation and selection linguistic means in a journalistic style. Features of oral public speech. The speaker and his audience. Main types of arguments. Preparation of a speech: choosing a topic, purpose of speech, searching for material, beginning, development and completion of speech. Basic methods of searching for material and types of auxiliary materials. Verbal presentation of a public speech. Understanding, informativeness and expressiveness of public speech. Colloquial speech in the system of functional varieties of the Russian literary language. Operating conditions colloquial speech, the role of extralinguistic factors. A culture of speech. The main directions for improving competent writing and speaking skills.
	Sociology Background and socio-philosophical premises of sociology as a science . Sociological project of O. Comte. Classic sociological theories. Modern sociological theories. Russian sociological thought. Society and social institutions. World system and processes of globalization. Social groups and communities. Types of communities. Community and personality. Small groups and teams. Social organization. Social movements. Social inequality, stratification and social mobility. The concept of social status. Social interaction and social relationships. Public opinion as an institution of civil society. Culture as a factor of social change. Interaction of the economy, social relations and culture. Personality as a social type. Social control and deviation. Personality as an active subject. Social changes. Social revolutions and reforms. Social concept progress. Formation of the world system. Russia's place in the world community. Methods of sociological research.
	Philosophy Subject of philosophy. The place and role of philosophy in culture. The formation of philosophy. Main directions, schools of philosophy and stages of its historical development. The structure of philosophical knowledge. The doctrine of being. Monistic and pluralistic concepts of being, self-organization of being. Concepts of material and ideal. Space, time. Movement and development, dialectics. Determinism and indeterminism. Dynamic and statistical patterns. Scientific, philosophical and religious pictures of the world. Man, society, culture. Human and nature. Society and its structure. Civil society and the state. A person in a system of social connections. Man and the historical process: personality and masses, freedom and necessity. Formational and civilizational concepts of social development. The meaning of human existence. Violence and non-violence. Freedom and responsibility. Morality, justice, law. Moral values. Ideas about perfect man in different cultures. Aesthetic values and their role in human life. Religious values and freedom of conscience. Consciousness and cognition. Consciousness, self-awareness and personality. Cognition, creativity, practice. Faith and knowledge. Understanding and explanation. Rational and irrational in cognitive activity. The problem of truth. Reality, thinking, logic and language. Scientific and extra-scientific knowledge. Scientific criteria. Structure scientific knowledge, its methods and forms. The growth of scientific knowledge. Scientific revolutions and changes in types of rationality. Science and technology. The future of humanity. Global problems modernity. Interaction of civilizations and future scenarios.
	Economy Introduction to economic theory. Good. Needs, resources. Economic choice. Economic relations. Economic systems. Main stages of development economic theory. Methods of economic theory. Microeconomics. Market. Supply and demand. Consumer preferences and marginal utility. Demand factors. Individual and market demand. Income effect and substitution effect. Elasticity. Supply and its factors. Law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity. Effect of scale. Types of costs. Firm. Revenue and profit. The principle of profit maximization. Proposal from a perfectly competitive firm and industry. Efficiency of competitive markets. Market power. Monopoly. Monopolistic competition. Oligopoly. Antimonopoly regulation. Demand for factors of production. Labor market. Labor supply and demand. Wages and employment. Capital market. Interest rate and investment. Land market. Rent. General balance and well-being. Income distribution. Inequality. Externalities and public goods. The role of the state. Macroeconomics. National economy as a whole. Circulation of income and products. GDP and ways to measure it. National income. Disposable personal income. Price indices. Unemployment and its forms. Inflation and its types. Economic cycles. Macroeconomic equilibrium. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Stabilization policy. Equilibrium in the commodity market. Consumption and savings. Investments. Government spending and taxes. Multiplier effect. Fiscal policy. Money and its functions. Equilibrium in the money market. Money multiplier. Banking system. Money-credit policy. Economic growth and development. International economic relations. Foreign trade and trade policy. Payment balance. Exchange rate. Features of the transition economy of Russia. Privatization. Forms of ownership. Entrepreneurship. Shadow economy. Labor market. Distribution and income. Conversions to social sphere. Structural changes in the economy. Formation of an open economy.


	General mathematics and natural sciences
	Federal component
	Mathematics Analytical geometry and linear algebra; differential and integral calculus, harmonic analysis; differential equations; numerical methods; functions of a complex variable; elements functional analysis; probability and statistics: probability theory, random processes, static estimation and hypothesis testing, statistical methods for processing experimental data.
	Computer science The concept of information, general characteristics of the processes of collecting, transmitting, processing and storing information; hardware and software tools for implementing information processes; models for solving functional and computational problems; algorithmization and programming; high level programming languages; Database; software and programming technologies; local and global computer networks; fundamentals of protecting information and information constituting state secrets; information security methods; computer workshop.
	Physical foundations of mechanics; vibrations and waves; molecular physics and thermodynamics; electricity and magnetism; optics; atomic and nuclear physics; physical workshop.
	Biology with basic ecology Living systems, human physiology and ecology, ecology and nature conservation. Biological and environmental workshop.
	National-regional (university) component
	General professional disciplines
	Federal component
	Psychology General psychology. Psychology as a science. Subject, tasks, methods and structure of modern psychology. Methodology of psychology. The problem of man in psychology. Man – individual – personality – individuality – subject. The human psyche as a subject of systematic research. The problem and nature of the psyche. General concept of personality. Main factors and mechanisms of personality development. Personal life path. Basic psychological theories personality. Orientation and its psychological manifestations. Needs. Motivation. Activities: structure, types, characteristics. Activity approach and general psychological theory of activity. Systemogenesis of activity. Communication: functions, means, structure, psychological characteristics. Cognitive sphere. Sensory-perceptual processes. Types, properties, patterns of sensations. Characteristics, properties, features of perception. Processes, types, types, qualities, patterns of memory. Types, processes, forms, properties of thinking. Thinking and speech. Types, functions, characteristics of speech. Types, functions, properties, nature of imagination. Essence, types, characteristics of attention. Emotions. Feeling and will. Temperament. Character. Motivation and character. Abilities: definition, structure, types, origin, characteristics, mechanisms. Experimental psychology. Subject of experimental psychology. Scientific research: principles, structure, types, stages, directions, types. Validity. Scientific problem. Hypotheses: types, types, content. General scientific research methods. Psychological experiment. Psychological dimension. Psychological testing. Test standards. Research results: interpretation, presentation. Ethical principles for conducting research on human subjects. Age-related psychology. Subject, tasks and methods developmental psychology. The socio-historical nature of childhood. Biogenetic and sociogenetic concepts, the theory of convergence of two factors. Psychoanalytic theories child development. Epigenetic theory of personality development. Genetic epistemology: the doctrine of the intellectual development of a child. Cultural-historical concept. Conditions, sources and driving forces of mental development. The problem of age and age-related periodization of mental development. Crises in the mental development of a child. Social situation development. Leading activity. Main neoplasms. Newborn crisis. Infancy. Revitalization complex. Crisis of one year. Early childhood. Development of object-tool activity. Crisis of three years. Game activity. Egocentrism of children's thinking. Development of behavioral motives and the formation of self-awareness in preschool age. Emotional sphere preschooler. Crisis of seven years. Psychological readiness for schooling. Junior school age. Educational activities. Adolescence. Feeling of adulthood. Communication problems in adolescence. Adolescent self-awareness. The need for self-affirmation. Theoretical thinking. Period of youth. Early youth. Formation of worldview. Choice of profession. The problem of youth self-determination. Stage of adulthood. Problems of acmeology. Crises at the stage of adulthood. Age and problems of the meaning of life. Elderly age. Old age as a social and psychological problem. Personal life path. Social Psychology. Subject of social psychology. Theoretical and applied tasks of social psychology. Communication and activity. Structure of communication. Communication as an exchange of information. Speech as a means of communication. Nonverbal communication. Communication as interaction. Communication is how people get to know each other. Social perception. Causal attribution. Interpersonal attraction. Group as a socio-psychological phenomenon. Large social groups. Spontaneous groups and mass movements. Small groups. The phenomenon of group pressure. The phenomenon of conformism. Group cohesion. Leadership and management. Leadership style. Making a group decision. Operational efficiency small group. Stages and levels of group development. The phenomenon of intergroup interaction. Ethnopsychology. Personality problems in social psychology. Socialization. Social attitude and actual behavior. Interpersonal conflict. Pedagogical psychology. Pedagogical psychology in the system of psychological science and human studies. Subject and tasks of educational psychology. Psychological essence and structure of the learning process. The problem of the relationship between training and development. Current issues and difficulties of developmental education. General and specific learning goals. Levels of possible training and their psychological conditioning. Psychological essence of programmed training. Psychological issues of computerization and informatization of the educational process. Psychological essence and organization problem-based learning, stages of its occurrence. Stage-by-stage formation of mental actions. Psychological problems of school grades and evaluation. Psychological causes of school failure. Motivation for learning. The psychological essence of education, its criteria. Education as a path to consciousness and meaning. Psychological essence and specificity of pedagogical activity, its components, functions and forms. The concept of styles of pedagogical activity. Psychology of teacher personality. Problems of professional-psychological competence and professional-personal growth.
02	Pedagogy Introduction to teaching. general characteristics teaching profession. Professional activity and personality of a teacher. General and professional culture of the teacher. Requirements of the state educational standard for the personality and professional competence of a teacher. Professional and personal formation and development of a teacher. General fundamentals of pedagogy. Pedagogy as a science, its object. Categorical apparatus of pedagogy: education, upbringing, training, self-education, socialization, pedagogical activity, pedagogical interaction, pedagogical system, educational process. Education as a social phenomenon and pedagogical process. Education as a purposeful process of education and training in the interests of the individual, society and the state. The relationship between pedagogical science and practice. The connection between pedagogy and other sciences. The concept of “methodology of pedagogical science”. Methodological culture of the teacher. Scientific research in pedagogy, its main characteristics. Methods and logic of pedagogical research. Learning theory. The essence, driving forces, contradictions and logic of the educational process. Patterns and principles of learning. Analysis of modern didactic concepts. The unity of educational, educational and developmental functions of training. Problems of the integrity of the educational process. Two-way and personal nature of learning. Unity of teaching and learning. Learning as co-creation between teacher and student. The content of education as the foundation of the basic culture of the individual. State educational standard. Basic, variable and additional components of education content. Teaching methods. Modern models of training organization. Typology and diversity of educational institutions. Author's schools. Innovative educational processes. Classification of teaching aids. Theory and methods of education. The essence of education and its place in the holistic structure of the educational process. Driving forces and logic of the educational process. Basic theories of education and personality development. Patterns and principles of education: personification, natural conformity, cultural conformity, humanization, differentiation. National originality of education. System of forms and methods of education. The concept of educational systems. Pedagogical interaction in education. The team as an object and subject of education. Functions and main areas of activity of the class teacher. Pedagogy of interethnic communication. The purpose and objectives of fostering a culture of interethnic communication. Fostering patriotism and internationalism, religious tolerance. History of education and pedagogical thought. History of education and pedagogical thought as a field of scientific knowledge. School affairs and the emergence of pedagogical thought in the early stages of human development. Education and school in the ancient world. Upbringing and education in the Middle Ages. Education and pedagogical thought in the Renaissance. Education and training in Kievan Rus and the Russian state (before XVIII century). Education and pedagogical thought Western Europe and the USA in XIX century (until the 80s). School and pedagogy in Russia until the 90s. XIX century. Foreign pedagogy and school at the end XIX century. School and pedagogy in Russia at the end XIX and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. (until 1917). Foreign school and pedagogy in the period between the first and second world wars. Development of school and pedagogy in Russia after the October Revolution (1917). Education and pedagogical thought in Russia after the Second World War. Leading Trends modern development global educational process. Social pedagogy. Social education and socialization of the individual Essence, principles, values, mechanisms and factors of social education. Interaction in social education. Life activity of social education institutions. The family as a subject of pedagogical interaction and the sociocultural environment of child upbringing and development. Providing individual assistance in various educational institutions. Correctional pedagogy with the basics of special psychology. Subject, objectives, principles, categories, basic scientific theories of correctional pedagogy. Norm and deviation in physical, psychological, intellectual and motor development of a person. Primary and secondary defect. Combined disorders, their causes. Prevention, diagnosis, correction of deficiencies personal development children. Deviant behavior of children. System of consultative-diagnostic, correctional-pedagogical, rehabilitation work. Pedagogical technologies. The concept of pedagogical technologies, their dependence on the nature of pedagogical tasks. Types of pedagogical tasks: strategic, tactical, operational. Design and process of solving pedagogical problems. Reproductive, productive, algorithmic pedagogical technologies. Technology of pedagogical regulation and correction of the educational process. Technology for monitoring the educational process. Management of educational systems. The concept of management and pedagogical management. State-public education management system. Main functions of pedagogical management: pedagogical analysis, goal setting, planning, organization, regulation and control. Principles of management of pedagogical systems. School as a pedagogical system and an object of management. Management services. Managerial culture of the leader. Interaction of social institutions in the management of educational systems. Advanced training and certification of school employees. Psychological and pedagogical workshop. Solving psychological and pedagogical problems, designing various forms of psychological and pedagogical activity, modeling educational and pedagogical situations. Psychological and pedagogical methods of diagnosis, forecasting and design, accumulation of professional experience. Development of the intellectual, creative, diagnostic, communication, motivational and professional potential of the teacher’s personality.
	Basics special pedagogy and psychology Subject, goals, objectives, principles and methods of special psychology. Special psychology as a science about the psychophysiological characteristics of the development of abnormal children, the patterns of their mental development in the process of upbringing and education. . Anatomy, physiology and hygiene of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs. Hygienic requirements to the air environment of educational institutions. Anatomy, physiology and hygiene of the skin of a child. Hygiene of clothing and footwear. Health status of children and adolescents. Hygiene of labor training and productive work of students. Hygienic requirements for planning school building, land plot.
	" nature - man." Health and the factors that determine it. Socio-psychological aspects of a healthy lifestyle. Stages of health formation. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of a healthy lifestyle. Motivation and health. Concept of stress and distress. The role of the teacher and his place in primary, secondary and tertiary disease prevention.
	Theoretical foundations of life safety. Environmental aspects of life safety. Classification of emergency situations. Russian system warnings and action in emergency situations. The world. Hazards that arise in everyday life and safe behavior. Transport and its dangers. Extreme situations in natural and urban conditions. Emergencies natural and man-made nature and protection of the population from their consequences . Actions of a teacher in case of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.
08	Technical and audiovisual teaching aids Audiovisual information: nature, sources, converters, media. Audiovisual culture: history, concepts, structure, functioning. Psychophysiological basics of human perception of audiovisual information. Audiovisual technologies: photography and photography; optical projection (static and dynamic), sound recording (analog and digital); computers and multimedia facilities. Audiovisual learning technologies: typology audio, video, computer teaching aids; typology of educational videos; bank audio, video, computer materials; didactic principles of construction audio Video-, computer tutorials. Interactive learning technologies.
00	National-regional (university) component
	Disciplines and courses of the student's choice, established by the university
	Subject training disciplines
	Federal component
	General and inorganic chemistry Basic concepts and theoretical concepts in chemistry: chemical elements, simple and complex substances, types of chemical reactions, stoichiometry, equivalent, atomic and molar mass, mole. Substances in an ideal gas state. Structure of matter: atoms, molecules, liquids and solids. Periodic law. Physicochemical methods for studying substances. Elements of chemical thermodynamics. Chemical balance. Kinetics and mechanisms of chemical reactions. Solutions. Acid-base equilibrium. Redox reactions. Complex connections. Chemistry of elements. Characteristics and main chemical compounds of elements in main groups (VII A - I A) and their subgroups. Groups of elements of type B. General characteristics of metals. Triads of iron and platinum (VIII group). Lanthanides and actinides. Basic methods of synthesis and purification of inorganic compounds.
	The structure of molecules and the basics of quantum chemistry Basic principles of quantum mechanics. Single-electron and multi-electron atoms: atomic orbitals, energy levels, quantum numbers. Quantum theory of chemical bond formation. Adiabatic approximation and the concept of potential energy surfaces of molecules. Basic solution methods electronic equation Schrödinger for the molecule: one-electron approximation and molecular orbitals; taking into account correlation effects. Calculation methods of quantum chemistry: nonempirical and semi-empirical. Structure and properties of p-conjugated molecules. Coordination compounds: MO theory and polyligand theory. Structurally non-rigid molecules. Quantum theory of chemical reactions. Conservation of orbital symmetry in chemical reactions. MO theory for solids.
	Organic chemistry and fundamentals of supramolecular chemistry Subject and objects of organic chemistry, classification of reagents and reactions; stereochemical concepts, the concept of chirality, dynamics of organic compounds; optical isomerism of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons, their halogen derivatives, organomagnesium and lithium compounds, hydroxy derivatives of hydrocarbons, ethers, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, nitro compounds, amines; heterocyclic, organoelement compounds; main classes of natural compounds. Physical and physicochemical research methods in organic chemistry, the study of reaction mechanisms of organic compounds; catalysis in transformations of the most important classes of substances. The concept of supramolecular chemistry. The most important sources of information about organic compounds and organic reactions.
	Analytical chemistry Metrological foundations of chemical analysis, theory and practice of sampling, types of reactions and processes in analytical chemistry, acid-base reactions, complexation reactions, redox reactions, methods of isolation, separation and concentration, gravimetric, titrimetric, kinetic, electrochemical and spectroscopic methods of analysis, main objects of analysis.
	Physical chemistry Subject and objectives of the course as theoretical foundations modern chemistry and chemical technology, fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics, solutions, phase equilibria, chemical equilibrium, surface phenomena, irreversible processes, chemical kinetics, catalysis, electrochemistry, structure and properties of molecules, intermolecular interactions, modern theory of the chemical structure of molecules, structure of condensed phases.
	Colloid chemistry Molecular interactions and special properties of phase interfaces, adsorption layers, their influence on the properties of dispersed systems, dispersed systems, their properties, organic stability of dispersed systems.
	Biochemistry and basics of bioregulation of organisms Chemical composition of living organisms; methods for isolating and studying substances in living nature; structural organization of proteins and enzymes; structure and physicochemical characteristics nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids; metabolism and energy in the body; biological oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Mutagenesis and basics of genetic engineering. Metabolism in the body as a whole and its regulation. The role of synthetic bioregulators.
	Applied chemistry The doctrine of chemical production, the main problems solved by chemical technology, characteristics of the most important chemical production facilities and apparatus. Modern requirements for chemical production of an economic, structural and environmental nature, the problem of safety, chemicalization of the economy and social sphere of society. Chemistry and energy. Chemistry and new materials. Chemistry and bioregulation. Chemistry and food creation. The problem of targeted synthesis of practically important products.
	Inorganic synthesis Synthesis in organic solvents, synthesis in liquefied gases. Preparation of compounds using ion exchange. Transition metal carbonyls. Methods for the synthesis of compounds in the solid phase at high temperatures. Basic methods of purification of inorganic substances. Separation of mixtures of metal compounds.
	Organic synthesis Goals and trends in the development of organic synthesis, its principles and conditions for improvement. Efficiency of syntheses, characteristics of synthesis products. Directed synthesis, its planning, retrosynthetic analysis according to Corey, the concept of synthons. Experimental technique and safety precautions. Performance experimental work in the main areas of modern organic synthesis.
	Chemistry of macromolecular compounds Polymers, their diversity and chemical characteristics; the most important representatives of natural and synthetic high-molecular substances, macromolecules and their behavior in solutions, polymer bodies; structural characteristics, chemical properties and chemical transformations of polymers; synthesis polymer materials and aspects of their practical use.
	Environmental Chemistry Chemical composition of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and troposphere. Basic migration cycles chemical elements and global biogeochemical cycles. Basic chemical reactions in the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Anthropogenic impact on the balance in nature. Environmental monitoring methods. Forms of existence of metals in aquatic ecosystems and their influence heavy metals on the development of animals and plants. Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants and methods of their disposal.
	Fundamentals of mineralogy and crystal chemistry Chemical doctrine of surrounding a person dead nature. Minerals of the Earth and heavenly bodies. Growth of stones. Stones and animals, technical and precious stones, gems, ores. Crystals and their properties. The structure of crystals, methods of their research.
	History and methodology of chemistry History of the emergence and development of chemistry; basic concepts and categories. Methodological aspects of science and its applications; the place of chemistry in the system of scientific knowledge; interdisciplinary connections; the role of the most prominent scientists in the development of chemistry; the emergence of new scientific directions (especially in the twentieth century); modern problems and prospects for the development of chemistry.
	Specialization disciplines
	National-regional (university) component
	Disciplines and courses of the student's choice
	Electives
	Military training

Total 8884 hours.

5. Time frame for completing the graduate’s main educational program

by specialty
032300 ChemistryThe duration of mastering the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher in full-time education is 260 weeks, including:

theoretical training, including

student research work,

workshops, including laboratory 156 weeks;

examination sessions 27 weeks;

practice for at least 20 weeks;

introductory period 6 weeks;

pedagogical 14 weeks;

final state certification,

including preparation and defense of graduation

qualifying work for at least 8 weeks;

vacation (including 8 weeks of postgraduate leave) of at least 38 weeks.

For persons with secondary (complete) general education, the time frame for mastering the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher in part-time and part-time (evening) forms of education, as well as in the case of a combination of various forms of education, is increased by the university to one year relative to the standard period established by clause 1.2 of this state educational standard. The maximum volume of a student’s academic workload is set at 54 hours per week, including all types of classroom and extracurricular (independent) work. academic work. The volume of a student's classroom work during full-time study should not exceed an average of 27 hours per week during the period of theoretical study. At the same time, in specified volume Mandatory practical classes in physical education and classes in elective disciplines are not included. In case of full-time and part-time (evening) training, the volume of classroom training must be at least 10 hours per week.Preparing a chemistry teacher through correspondence or external studies is not permitted. The total amount of vacation time in academic year should be 7 - 10 weeks, including at least two weeks in winter. 6. Requirements for the development and conditions for the implementation of the main

educational graduate training program

specialty 032300 Chemistry
Requirements for the development of the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacherA higher educational institution independently develops and approves the basic educational program of the university for the preparation of a chemistry teacher on the basis of this state educational standard.

Disciplines of the student's choice are mandatory, and elective disciplines provided for by the curriculum of a higher educational institution are not mandatory for the student to study.

Coursework is considered as a type of academic work in the discipline and is completed within the hours allocated for its study.

For all disciplines and practices included in the curriculum of a higher educational institution, a final grade must be given (excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, pass, fail).

The hours allocated to specialization disciplines can be used to deepen subject training.

When implementing the main educational program, a higher education institution has the right:

change the amount of hours allocated for development educational material for cycles of disciplines, within 5%;

form a cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines, which should include, from the ten basic disciplines given in this state educational standard, the following 4 disciplines as mandatory: “Foreign language” (in the amount of at least 340 hours), “Physical education” (in volume of at least 408 hours), “National History”, “Philosophy”. The remaining basic disciplines can be implemented at the discretion of the university. At the same time, it is possible to combine them into interdisciplinary courses while maintaining the required minimum content. If disciplines are part of general professional or subject training, the hours allocated for their study can be redistributed within the cycle.

Classes in the discipline “Physical Education” in part-time and part-time (evening) forms of education can be provided taking into account the wishes of students;

carry out teaching of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the form of original lecture courses and various types of collective and individual practical classes, assignments and seminars on programs developed at the university itself and taking into account regional, national-ethnic, professional specifics, as well as the research preferences of teachers, providing qualified coverage of the subjects of the cycle disciplines;

establish the required depth of teaching of individual sections of disciplines included in the cycles of humanitarian and socio-economic, mathematical and natural science disciplines, in accordance with the profile of the cycle of subject training disciplines;

establish the name of specializations in the specialties of higher professional education, the name of the disciplines of the specializations, their volume and content, as well as the form of control over their mastery by students;

implement the basic educational program for training a chemistry teacher in a shortened time frame for students of a higher educational institution with secondary vocational education or higher vocational education. The reduction in terms is carried out on the basis of the existing knowledge, skills and abilities of students acquired at the previous stage of professional education. In this case, the duration of training must be at least three years. Studying in a shortened period of time is also permitted for persons whose level of education or abilities are a sufficient basis for this.

Requirements for staffing the educational process

Implementation of the basic educational training program certified specialist should be provided with teaching staff who, as a rule, have basic education, corresponding to the profile of the taught discipline, and systematically engaged in scientific and/or scientific-methodological activities; Teachers of special disciplines, as a rule, must have an academic degree and / or experience in the relevant professional field.

Requirements for educational and methodological support of the educational process

The implementation of the main educational program for training a certified specialist must be supported by educational and methodological documentation for all types of training sessions; access of each student to library collections and databases, the content corresponding to the full list of disciplines of the main educational program, the presence of educational laboratories in chemistry, computer science, physics, biology, methods of teaching chemistry; availability of teaching aids and recommendations for all disciplines and all types

classes - workshops, course and diploma design, practices, as well as visual aids, multimedia, audio, video materials. . Requirements for material and technical support of the educational process

A higher educational institution implementing the main educational program for training a certified specialist must have a material and technical base that meets current sanitary and technical standards and ensures all types of laboratory, practical, disciplinary and interdisciplinary training and research work for students provided for by the model curriculum.

Requirements for organizing practices

Pedagogical practice ensures the application and consolidation of theoretical knowledge in practical activities, the practical development of professional activities. Pedagogical practice is carried out on the basis of educational institutions in the region that are capable of providing a high organizational and educational level of its implementation. Pedagogical practice is carried out in two stages: in the fourth and fifth years. Pedagogical practice in the 5th year can be an internship. 5th year students can undergo teaching practice at the request of educational institutions during the academic year, working as a teacher with appropriate remuneration. The regulations on the forms and procedures for conducting teaching practice, taking into account regional characteristics, are adopted by the university.

Technological practice takes place at chemical enterprises and is introductory. It is recommended that the practice be based at one of the modern enterprises, where students will become familiar with technological processes, means of product quality control and a system of environmental measures aimed at making the plant’s activities environmentally safe.

In addition, the internship should include excursions to other industrial enterprises.

7. Requirements for the level of graduate training

specialty 032300 Chemistry
Requirements for the professional preparedness of a specialist

The graduate must be able to solve problems that correspond to his qualifications specified in clause 1.2 of this state educational standard.

The specialist should know

the state language of the Russian Federation is Russian;

be fluent in the language in which teaching is conducted.

The specialist must be able to:

carry out the learning process for students high school with a focus on the tasks of teaching, upbringing and personal development of schoolchildren and taking into account the specifics of the subject being taught;

stimulate the development of extracurricular activities of students, taking into account the psychological and pedagogical requirements for education and training;

analyze your own activities in order to improve them and improve your skills;

carry out methodological work as part of school methodological associations;

perform the work of a class teacher, maintain contact with students’ parents and provide them with assistance in carrying out family education.

A specialist has a holistic understanding of computer science as a science, its place in the modern world and in the system of sciences. Possesses a system of knowledge about the theoretical foundations of computer science. Knows the structure of a computer, trends in the development of computer architecture. Possesses programming skills in several problem- and machine-oriented languages. Has the skills to work on a computer, with various auxiliary devices, with system and application software general purpose. Knows the possibilities of using computer technology in the management of educational institutions, to create a data bank of pedagogical information. Knows new information technologies in education and is able to implement them into the practice of the educational institution. Possesses skills in working in local networks and telecommunications systems.

Requirements for the final state certification of a specialist General requirements for final state certification

The final state certification of a chemistry teacher includes the defense of a final qualifying thesis and a state exam.

Final state tests are intended to determine the practical and theoretical preparedness of a chemistry teacher to perform professional tasks established by this state educational standard, and to continue education in graduate school in accordance with clause 1.4 of the standard.

Certification tests, which are part of the final state certification of a graduate, must fully comply with the main educational program of higher professional education, which he mastered during his studies.

Requirements for a specialist’s final qualifying (diploma) work

The thesis must be presented in the form of a manuscript.

Requirements for the volume, content and structure of the thesis are determined by the higher education institution on the basis of the Regulations on the final state certification of graduates of higher educational institutions, approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia, the state educational standard for the specialty 032300 Chemistry and the methodological recommendations of the educational educational institutions of universities of the Russian Federation on teacher education.

The time allotted for preparing and defending a qualifying work is at least eight weeks.

Requirements for the state exam of a chemistry teacher

The procedure and program of the state exam in the specialty 032300 Chemistry are determined by the university on the basis of methodological recommendations and the corresponding sample program developed by the Educational Institutions of Universities of the Russian Federation for teacher education, the Regulations on the final state certification of graduates of higher educational institutions, approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia, and the state educational standard for the specialty 032300 Chemistry.

COMPILERS:

Educational and methodological association of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation for teacher education.

The state educational standard for higher professional education was approved at a meeting of the educational and methodological council in chemistry on December 2, 1999, protocol No. 4.

Chairman of the UMO Council V.L. Sailors

Deputy Chairman of the UMO Council V.I. Zhog

AGREED:
Department of Educational Programs

and standards of higher and secondary

vocational education G.K. Shestakov

Head of Department V.E. Inozemtseva

Leading specialist N.N. Rybakova

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY

A BASIC LEVEL OF

Studying chemistry at basic level Secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

mastering knowledge about the chemical component natural science picture world, the most important chemical concepts, laws and theories;
mastery of skillsapply acquired knowledge to explain various chemical phenomena and properties of substances, assessing the role of chemistry in the development of modern technologies and the production of new materials;
development cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of independent acquisition of chemical knowledge using various sources of information, including computer ones;
upbringing conviction in the positive role of chemistry in the life of modern society, the need for a chemically literate attitude towards one’s health and the environment;
application of acquired knowledge and skillsfor the safe use of substances and materials in everyday life, agriculture and production, solutions practical problems in everyday life, preventing phenomena harmful to human health and the environment.

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT

BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

METHODS OF KNOWLEDGE IN CHEMISTRY

Scientific methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. The role of experiment and theory in chemistry.Simulation of chemical processes .

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Modern representations about the structure of the atom

Atom. Isotopes. Atomic orbitals. s -, p - elements. Features of the structure of electronic shells of atoms of transition elements. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev.

Chemical bond

Covalent bond, its varieties and mechanisms of formation. Electronegativity. Oxidation state and valency of chemical elements. Ionic bond. Cations and anions. Metal connection.Hydrogen bond .

Substance

High quality and quantitative composition substances. Substancesmolecular and non-molecular structure.

Reasons for the diversity of substances: isomerism, homology, allotropy.

Phenomena that occur during the dissolution of substances -destruction of the crystal lattice, diffusion, dissociation, hydration.

Pure substances and mixtures. True solutions.Dissolution as a physical and chemical process.Ways to express the concentration of solutions: mass fraction of dissolved substance. Dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions.Strong and weak electrolytes.

Sols, gels, concept of colloids.

Chemical reactions

Classification of chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry.

Ion exchange reactions in aqueous solutions. Aqueous solution environment: acidic, neutral, alkaline.Hydrogen value (pH) of the solution.

Redox reactions.Electrolysis of solutions and melts.

The speed of the reaction, its dependence on various factors. Catalysis.

Reversibility of reactions. Chemical equilibrium and methods of its displacement.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Classification of inorganic compounds. Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds.

Metals. Electrochemical voltage series of metals. General methods of obtaining metals.The concept of metal corrosion. Methods of protection against corrosion.

Non-metals. Redox properties of typical nonmetals. General characteristics of the halogen subgroup.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds. Chemical properties of the main classes of organic compounds.

Theory of the structure of organic compounds. Carbon skeleton. Radicals. Functional groups. Homologous series, homologues. Structural isomerism. Types of chemical bonds in molecules of organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes and dienes, alkynes, arenes. Natural sources of hydrocarbons: oil and natural gas.

Oxygen-containing compounds: mono- and polyhydric alcohols, phenol, aldehydes, monobasic carboxylic acids, esters, fats, carbohydrates.

Polymers: plastics, rubbers, fibers.

EXPERIMENTAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Safety rules when working with caustic, flammable and toxic substances.

Carrying out chemical reactions in solutions.

Carrying out chemical reactions when heated.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators. Qualitative reactions into inorganic substances and ions, individual classes of organic compounds.

CHEMISTRY AND LIFE

Chemistry and health.Medicines, enzymes, vitamins, hormones, mineral water.Problems associated with the use of medications.

Chemistry and food. Calories of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

Chemistry in everyday life. Detergents and cleaning products. Rules for safe work with household chemicals.

Chemicals as construction and ornamental materials. Substances used in printing, painting, sculpture, architecture.

General understanding of industrial methods for producing chemicals (using the example of sulfuric acid production).

Chemical pollution of the environment and its consequences.

Household chemical literacy.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying chemistry at a basic level, the student must

know/understand

the most important chemical concepts: substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular masses, ion, allotropy, isotopes, chemical bonding, electronegativity, valency, oxidation state, mole, molar mass, molar volume, substances of molecular and non-molecular structure, solutions, electrolyte and non-electrolyte , electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, thermal effect of reaction, rate of chemical reaction, catalysis, chemical equilibrium, carbon skeleton, functional group, isomerism, homology;
basic laws of chemistry: conservation of mass of substances, constancy of composition, periodic law;
basic theories of chemistry: chemical bonding, electrolytic dissociation, structure of organic compounds;
essential substances and materials: basic metals and alloys; sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric and acetic acids; alkalis, ammonia, mineral fertilizers, methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, ethanol, fats, soaps, glucose, sucrose, starch, fiber, proteins, artificial and synthetic fibers, rubbers, plastics;

be able to

call studied substances according to “trivial” or international nomenclature;
define: valence and oxidation state of chemical elements, type of chemical bond in compounds, ion charge, nature of the medium in aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, belonging of substances to various classes of organic compounds;
characterize: elements of small periods according to their position in the periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev; general chemical properties of metals, non-metals, main classes of inorganic and organic compounds; structure and chemical properties of the studied organic compounds;
explain: dependence of the properties of substances on their composition and structure; the nature of the chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic), the dependence of the rate of chemical reaction and the position of chemical equilibrium on various factors;
perform a chemical experimenton recognition of the most important inorganic and organic substances;
conduct independent search chemical information using various sources (popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources); use computer technology to process and transmit chemical information and present it in various forms;

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For:

explanations of chemical phenomena occurring in nature, everyday life and in production;
determining the possibility of chemical transformations occurring under various conditions and assessing their consequences;
environmentally conscious behavior in the environment;
assessing the impact of chemical environmental pollution on the human body and other living organisms;
safe handling of flammable and toxic substances and laboratory equipment;
preparing solutions of a given concentration in everyday life and at work;
critical assessment reliability of chemical information coming from different sources.

Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education in Chemistry

General characteristics of the program

An approximate chemistry program for a primary school is compiled on the basis of the Fundamental Core of the Content of General Education and the Requirements for the Results of Basic General Education, presented in the federal state educational standard of general education of the second generation. It also takes into account the main ideas and provisions of the program for the development and formation of universal educational activities for basic general education, continuity is maintained with the exemplary programs of primary general education.

The approximate program is a guideline for drawing up work programs: it determines the invariant (mandatory) part of the educational course, outside of which there remains the possibility of the author’s choice of a variable component of the educational content. The authors of work programs and textbooks can offer their own approach in terms of structuring educational material, determining the sequence of its study, expanding the volume (detail) of content, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development, education and socialization of students. Work programs compiled on the basis of an example program can be used in educational institutions of different profiles and different specializations.

The sample program for a basic school provides for the development of all the main types of activities presented in the programs of primary general education. However, the content of exemplary programs for primary schools has features determined, firstly, by the subject content of the general secondary education system, and secondly, by the psychological and age characteristics of students.

Each academic subject or set of educational subjects is a reflection of scientific knowledge about the corresponding area of the surrounding reality. Therefore, if in primary school educational activities related to the formation of the skills to learn, adapt in a team, read, write and count come first, then in primary school students master the elements of scientific knowledge and educational activities that underlie the formation of cognitive, communicative, value-based - orientational, aesthetic, technical and technological, physical culture, formed in the process of studying a set of educational subjects.

At the same time, universal educational actions are formed as a result of the interaction of all educational subjects and their cycles, in each of which certain types of activities and, accordingly, certain educational actions predominate. In subjects of the natural and mathematical cycle, the leading role is played by cognitive activity and the corresponding cognitive learning activities; in subjects of the communicative cycle - communicative activities and corresponding educational activities, etc.

In this regard, in the sample programs for basic schools, different types of activities prevail in different educational courses at the level of goals, requirements for learning outcomes and the main types of student activities.

The main feature of adolescence is the beginning of the transition from childhood to adulthood. At the age of 11 to 14 - 15 years, the development of the cognitive sphere occurs, educational activities acquire the features of self-development and self-education, students begin to master theoretical, formal, reflective thinking. The formation of universal educational activities that ensure the development of civic identity, communicative, and cognitive qualities of the individual comes to the fore among adolescents. At the stage of basic general secondary education, students are included in project and research activities, the basis of which is such educational activities as the ability to see problems, pose questions, classify, observe, conduct experiments, draw conclusions and conclusions, explain, prove, defend your ideas, and define concepts. This also includes techniques similar to the definition of concepts: description, characterization, explanation, comparison, differentiation, classification, observation, skills and abilities of conducting experiments, the ability to draw conclusions and conclusions, structuring material, etc. These skills lead to the formation of cognitive needs and development cognitive abilities.

Taking into account the above, as well as the provision that educational results at the subject level should be subject to assessment during the final certification of graduates, in the approximate thematic planning, subject goals and planned learning outcomes are specified to the level of educational actions that students master in the process of mastering subject content. At the same time, for each academic subject the leader remains certain type activities (cognitive, communicative, etc.). In subjects where cognitive activity plays a leading role (physics, chemistry, biology, etc.), the main types of student educational activity at the level of educational actions include the ability to characterize, explain, classify, master methods of scientific knowledge, etc.; in subjects where the leading role belongs to communicative activities (Russian and foreign languages), other types of educational activities predominate, such as the ability to fully and accurately express one’s thoughts, argue one’s point of view, work in a group, present and communicate information orally and in writing form, enter into dialogue, etc.

Thus, the sample program indicates the goal setting of subject courses at different levels: at the level of meta-subject, subject and personal goals; at the level of meta-subject, subject and personal educational results (requirements); at the level of educational activities.

The sample chemistry program consists of four sections.

1. Explanatory note, which clarifies common goals education, taking into account the specifics of the academic subject - its content, with its inherent features in the formation of knowledge, abilities, skills, general and special methods of activity.

For the convenience of practical use of the sample program, in the explanatory note, the goals of studying chemistry are presented in the form of a detailed description of the personal, meta-subject and subject results of the activities of an educational institution of general education in teaching chemistry to schoolchildren. Subject results are designated in accordance with the main spheres of human activity: cognitive, value-oriented, labor, physical, aesthetic.

2. The main content of the course, which represents the first stage of concretizing the provisions of the Fundamental Core of the Content of General Education. When selecting the content, it was taken into account that the volume of chemical knowledge presented in the Fundamental Core is mastered by schoolchildren not only in primary school, but also in secondary (complete) school. The basis of the sample program is that part of the Fundamental Core of General Education Content that can be consciously mastered by 13-15 year olds. Most complex elements The fundamental core of the content of general education in chemistry, which is not reflected in this sample program, is included in the sample program in chemistry for secondary (complete) school. For example, calculations on chemical equations and the basics of organic and industrial chemistry have been transferred to the secondary (high school) curriculum.

The introduction of compulsory secondary (complete) education made it possible to abandon the concentric model of the course, in which up to 40% of teaching time was used ineffectively, and to return to the spiral model, which provided for the gradual development and deepening of theoretical concepts with a linear familiarization with empirical material.

3. Approximate thematic planning is the next step in specifying the content of chemistry education. The main function of exemplary thematic planning, organizational planning, involves identifying stages of training, structuring educational material taking into account interdisciplinary and intrasubject connections, the logic of the educational process and the age characteristics of students, determining its quantitative and qualitative characteristics at each stage.

The development of approximate thematic planning was carried out on the basis of the following provisions:

a) at none of the stages of general education are educational institutions faced with the task of professional training of students; therefore, the content of chemistry education should be of a general cultural, and not a professional nature. This means that students must master content that is significant for the formation of cognitive, moral and aesthetic culture, preservation of the environment and their own health, everyday life and practical activities;

b) the possibility of changing the structure, content in terms of its expansion, changing the number of hours, which is a necessary condition for the development of work programs that can be used in educational institutions of different profiles and different specializations;

c) strict adherence to the fundamental didactic principles of science and accessibility;

d) taking into account the psychological characteristics of the formation of concepts. The most complex concepts of a school chemistry course are formed on the basis of direct observation of objects, phenomena or their models, i.e. direct sensations. From individual sensations a perception is formed, which is not reducible to a simple sum of sensations. Based on numerous perceptions of the objects and phenomena being studied (or their didactic images-models presented using teaching aids), ideas are formed. The logic of concept formation determines the logic of constructing a chemistry course for primary school.

Approximate thematic planning gives an idea:

a) about the main activities of the student in the process of mastering the chemistry course in primary school. Educational activities are concretized to the level of educational actions from which they are composed, and described in terms of the Program for the formation and development of universal educational actions. In addition, in the approximate thematic planning, to characterize the activities of schoolchildren, terms are used that are established in the domestic methodology for teaching chemistry and reflect the specifics of the academic subject “Chemistry”;

b) about the possible distribution of 35 hours of the variable part of the program, which the authors of work programs can use to introduce additional training content.

Approximate thematic planning has been developed in two versions: for 140 hours in accordance with the basic curriculum (educational) plan and for 350 hours for classes with in-depth study chemistry. The proposed options for approximate thematic planning can be used by educational institutions as a work program.

When developing their own work program, authors must provide for a certain reserve of time, the need for which is due to the fact that the actual length of the academic year is always less than the normative one. In the first version of the approximate thematic planning, 10 hours of reserve time are provided for two years of study, in the second - 25 hours.

Contribution of an academic subject to achieving the goals of basic general education

Basic general education is the second stage of general education. One of most important tasks This stage is to prepare students for a conscious and responsible choice of life and professional path. Students must learn to independently set goals and determine ways to achieve them, and use the experience acquired at school in real life, outside the educational process.

The main goals of basic general education are:

1) the formation of a holistic view of the world based on acquired knowledge, skills and methods of activity;

2) gaining experience in various activities, knowledge and self-knowledge;

3) preparation for making a conscious choice of an individual educational or professional trajectory.

A great contribution to achieving the main goals of basic general education is made by the study of chemistry, which is designed to provide:

1) formation of a system of chemical knowledge as a component of the natural scientific picture of the world;

2) development of the personality of students, their intellectual and moral improvement, the formation of humanistic relations and environmentally appropriate behavior in everyday life and work;

3) developing an understanding of the public need for the development of chemistry, as well as the formation of an attitude towards chemistry as a possible area of future practical activity;

4) developing skills for safe handling of substances used in everyday life.

Objectives of studying chemistry in basic school are:

1) developing in students the ability to see and understand the value of education, the significance of chemical knowledge for every person, regardless of his professional activity; the ability to distinguish between facts and assessments, compare evaluative conclusions, see their connection with assessment criteria and the connection of criteria with a certain system of values, formulate and justify one’s own position;

2) formation in students of a holistic understanding of the world and the role of chemistry in the creation of a modern natural scientific picture of the world; the ability to explain objects and processes of the surrounding reality - natural, social, cultural, technical environment, using chemical knowledge for this;

3) students’ acquisition of experience in various activities, cognition and self-knowledge; key skills (key competencies) having universal meaning for various types of activities: problem solving, decision making, searching, analyzing and processing information, communication skills, measurement skills, cooperation, safe handling of substances in everyday life.

General characteristics of the subject

The peculiarities of the content of teaching chemistry in primary school are determined by the specifics of chemistry as a science and the assigned tasks. The main problems of chemistry are the study of the composition and structure of substances, the dependence of their properties on the structure, the production of substances with given properties, the study of the laws of chemical reactions and ways to control them in order to obtain substances, materials, and energy. Therefore, the approximate chemistry program reflects the main content lines:

· substance - knowledge about the composition and structure of substances, their most important physical and chemical properties, biological effects;

· chemical reaction - knowledge about the conditions under which the chemical properties of substances manifest themselves, methods of controlling chemical processes;

· use of substances - knowledge and experience of practical activities with substances that are most often used in everyday life, widely used in industry, agriculture, and transport;

· the language of chemistry - a system of the most important concepts of chemistry and the terms in which they are described, the nomenclature of inorganic substances, i.e. their names (including trivial ones), chemical formulas and equations, as well as rules for translating information from natural language into the language of chemistry and back.

Since the main content lines of the school chemistry course are closely intertwined, in the approximate program the content is presented not along lines, but in sections: “Basic concepts of chemistry (level of atomic-molecular concepts)”, “Periodic law and the periodic system of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev. Structure of matter”, “Variety of chemical reactions”, “Variety of substances”.

Subject study results

The activities of an educational institution of general education in teaching chemistry should be aimed at achieving the following personal results for students:

1) in the value-orientation sphere - a sense of pride in Russian chemical science, humanism, attitude to work, determination;

2) in the labor sphere - readiness for a conscious choice of a further educational trajectory;

3) in the cognitive (cognitive, intellectual) sphere - the ability to manage one’s cognitive activity.

Meta-subject results

1) the use of skills and abilities of various types of cognitive activity, the use of basic methods of cognition (system information analysis, modeling) to study various aspects of the surrounding reality;

2) the use of basic intellectual operations: formulating hypotheses, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, searching for analogues;

3) the ability to generate ideas and determine the means necessary for their implementation;

4) the ability to determine the goals and objectives of an activity, choose the means of achieving the goal and apply them in practice;

5) use of various sources to obtain chemical information.

Subject results mastering of the chemistry program by graduates of the basic school are:

1. In the cognitive sphere :

· give definitions of the concepts studied: substance (chemical element, atom, ion, molecule, crystal lattice, substance, simple and complex substances, chemical formula, relative atomic mass, relative molecular weight, valence, oxides, acids, bases, salts, amphotericity, indicator, periodic law, periodic system, periodic table, isotopes, chemical bonding, electronegativity, oxidation state, electrolyte); chemical reaction (chemical equation, genetic relationship, oxidation, reduction, electrolytic dissociation, chemical reaction rate);

· describe demonstration and independently conducted experiments, using natural (Russian, native) language and the language of chemistry;

· describe and distinguish the studied classes of inorganic compounds, simple and complex substances, chemical reactions;

· classify the studied objects and phenomena;

· observe demonstrated and independently conducted experiments, chemical reactions occurring in nature and in everyday life;

· draw conclusions and conclusions from observations, studied chemical patterns, predict the properties of unstudied substances by analogy with the properties of studied ones;

· structure the studied material and chemical information obtained from other sources;

· simulate the structure of atoms of elements of the first - third periods (within the framework of the studied provisions of the theory of E. Rutherford), the structure of the simplest molecules.

2. In the value-orientation sphere:

· analyze and evaluate the environmental consequences of human household and industrial activities related to the processing of substances.

3. In the labor sphere:

Conduct a chemical experiment.

4. In the field of life safety :

· provide first aid for poisoning, burns and other injuries associated with substances and laboratory equipment.

Place of the “Chemistry” course in the basic curriculum (educational) plan

Features of the content of the “Chemistry” course are the main reason that in the basic curriculum (educational) plan this subject appears last in a number of natural science disciplines, since in order to master it, schoolchildren must have not only a certain supply of preliminary natural science knowledge, but also fairly well-developed abstract thinking.

The approximate chemistry program for basic general education is compiled based on the hours specified in the basic curriculum (educational) plan of educational institutions of general education, taking into account 25% of the time allocated to the variable part of the program, the content of which is formed by the authors of the work programs. The invariant part of any author's chemistry course for a primary school must fully include the content of the approximate program, for the development of which 105 hours are allotted. The remaining 35 hours can be used by the authors of work programs to introduce additional training content.

The study of chemistry at the level of basic general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

development essential knowledge about the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, chemical symbolism;
mastery of skills observe chemical phenomena, conduct a chemical experiment, make calculations based on chemical formulas of substances and equations of chemical reactions;
development cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of conducting a chemical experiment, independent acquisition of knowledge in accordance with emerging life needs;
upbringing attitude to chemistry as one of the fundamental components of natural science and an element of universal human culture;

METHODS OF KNOWING SUBSTANCES AND CHEMICAL PHENOMENA

Chemistry as part of natural science. Chemistry is the science of substances, their structure, properties and transformations.

Observation, description, measurement, experiment, modeling 1 . The concept of chemical analysis and synthesis.

Experimental study of the chemical properties of inorganic and organic substances.

Carrying out calculations based on formulas and reaction equations: 1) mass fraction of a chemical element in a substance; 2) mass fraction of solute in solution; 3) amount of substance, mass or volume by amount of substance, mass or volume of one of the reactants or products of the reaction.

SUBSTANCE

Atoms and molecules. Chemical element. Ilanguage chemistry. Signs of chemical elements, chemical formulas. Law of constancy of composition.

Relative atomic and molecular masses. Atomic unit masses. Amount of substance, mol. Molar mass. Molar volume.

Pure substances and mixtures of substances. Natural mixtures: air, natural gas, oil, natural waters.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance. Simple and complex substances. Main classes of inorganic substances.

Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev. Groups and periods periodic table.

The structure of the atom. Nucleus (protons, neutrons) and electrons. Isotopes. The structure of the electronic shells of the atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic table D.I. Mendeleev.

The structure of molecules. Chemical bond. Types of chemical bonds: covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metallic. The concept of valency and oxidation state.

Substances in solid, liquid and gaseous states. Crystalline and amorphous substances. Types of crystal lattices (atomic, molecular, ionic and metallic).

CHEMICAL REACTION

Chemical reaction. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions. Conservation of mass of substances during chemical reactions.

Classification of chemical reactions according to various criteria: the number and composition of the starting and resulting substances; changes in oxidation states of chemical elements; absorption or release of energy. The concept of the rate of chemical reactions. Catalysts.

Electrolytic dissociation of substances in aqueous solutions. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Ions. Cations and anions. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts. Ion exchange reactions.

Redox reactions. Oxidizing agent and reducing agent.

ELEMENTARY BASICS
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Properties of simple substances (metals and non-metals), oxides, bases, acids, salts.

Hydrogen. Hydrogen compounds of nonmetals. Oxygen. Ozone. Water.

Halogens. Hydrohalic acids and their salts.

Sulfur. Sulfur oxides. Sernaya, sulfur and hydrogen sulfide acids and their salts.

Nitrogen. Ammonia. Ammonium salts. Nitrogen oxides. Nitric acid and its salts.

Phosphorus. Phosphorus oxide. Orthophosphoric acid and its salts.

Carbon. Diamond, graphite. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid and its salts.

Silicon. Silicon oxide. Silicic acid. Silicates.

Aluminum. Amphotericity of oxide and hydroxide.

Iron. Oxides, hydroxides and salts gland.

INITIAL VIEWS ABOUT
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Initial information about the structure of organic substances.

Hydrocarbons: methane, ethane, ethylene.

Alcohols (methanol, ethanol, glycerin) and carboxylic acids (acetic, stearic) as representatives of oxygen-containing organic compounds.

Biologically important substances: fats, carbohydrates, proteins.

Ideas about polymers using the example of polyethylene.

Rules for working in a school laboratory. Laboratory glassware and equipment. Safety regulations.

Separation of mixtures. Purification of substances. Filtration.

Weighing. Preparation of solutions. Obtaining salt crystals. Carrying out chemical reactions in solutions.

Heating devices. Carrying out chemical reactions when heated.

Methods for analyzing substances. Qualitative reactions to gaseous substances and ions in solution. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators.

Obtaining gaseous substances.

CHEMISTRY AND LIFE

Man in the world of substances, materials and chemical reactions.

Chemistry and health. Medications; problems associated with their use.

Chemistry and food. Calories of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Preservatives food products(table salt, acetic acid).

Chemicals as construction and ornamental materials (chalk, marble, limestone, glass, cement).

Natural sources of hydrocarbons.Oil and natural gas, their application.

Problems of safe use of substances and chemical reactions in everyday life. Toxic,flammable and explosive substances.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying chemistry, the student must

know/ understand

chemical symbolism : signs of chemical elements, formulas of chemical substances and equations of chemical reactions;
the most important chemical concepts : chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular masses, ion, chemical bond, substance, classification of substances, mole, molar mass, molar volume, chemical reaction, classification of reactions, electrolyte and non-electrolyte, electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and recovery;
basic laws of chemistry : conservation of mass of substances, constancy of composition, periodic law;

be able to

call: chemical elements, compounds of the studied classes;
explain: the physical meaning of the atomic (ordinal) number of a chemical element, the numbers of the group and period to which the element belongs in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev; patterns of changes in the properties of elements within small periods and main subgroups; the essence of ion exchange reactions;
characterize: chemical elements (from hydrogen to calcium) based on their position in the periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev and the structural features of their atoms; connection between the composition, structure and properties of substances; chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances;
define: composition of substances according to their formulas, belonging of substances to a certain class of compounds, types of chemical reactions, valency and oxidation state of an element in compounds, type of chemical bond in compounds, the possibility of ion exchange reactions;
make up : formulas of inorganic compounds of the studied classes; diagrams of the structure of atoms of the first 20 elements of D.I. Mendeleev’s periodic system; equations of chemical reactions;
address with chemical glassware and laboratory equipment;
recognize empirically: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia; solutions of acids and alkalis, chloride, sulfate, carbonate ions;
calculate: mass fraction of a chemical element according to the formula of the compound; mass fraction of the substance in solution; amount of substance, volume or mass by amount of substance, volume or mass of reactants or reaction products;

For:

safe handling of substances and materials;
assessing the impact of chemical environmental pollution on the human body;
critical assessment of information about substances used in everyday life;
preparing solutions of a given concentration.

The federal component of the state standard of general education, developed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Article 7) and the Concept of modernization of Russian education for the period until 2010, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001; approved by the decision of the board of the Ministry of Education of Russia and the Presidium Russian Academy Education dated December 23, 2003 No. 21/12; approved by order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of the federal component of state standards of (complete) general education" dated March 5, 2004 No. 1089.

IN CHEMISTRY

A BASIC LEVEL OF

The study of chemistry at the basic level of secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

mastering knowledge about the chemical component of the natural scientific picture of the world, the most important chemical concepts, laws and theories;
mastery of skills apply the acquired knowledge to explain various chemical phenomena and properties of substances, assess the role of chemistry in the development of modern technologies and the production of new materials;
development cognitive interests and intellectual abilities in the process of independent acquisition of chemical knowledge using various sources of information, including computer ones;
upbringing conviction in the positive role of chemistry in the life of modern society, the need for a chemically literate attitude towards one’s health and the environment;
application of acquired knowledge and skills for the safe use of substances and materials in everyday life, agriculture and production, solving practical problems in everyday life, preventing phenomena harmful to human health and the environment.

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

METHODS OF KNOWLEDGE IN CHEMISTRY

Scientific methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. The role of experiment and theory in chemistry. Simulation of chemical processes 2 .

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Modern ideas about the structure of the atom

Atom. Isotopes. Atomic orbitals. s-, p-elements. Features of the structure of electronic shells of atoms of transition elements. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev.

Chemical bond

Covalent bond, its varieties and mechanisms of formation. Electronegativity. Oxidation state and valency of chemical elements. Ionic bond. Cations and anions. Metal connection. Hydrogen bond.

Substance

Qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance. Substances of molecular and non-molecular structure.

Reasons for the diversity of substances: isomerism, homology, allotropy.

Phenomena that occur during the dissolution of substances - destruction of the crystal lattice, diffusion, dissociation, hydration.

Pure substances and mixtures. True solutions. Dissolution as a physical and chemical process. Ways to express the concentration of solutions: mass fraction of dissolved substance. Dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions. Strong and weak electrolytes.

Sols, gels, concept of colloids.

Chemical reactions

Classification of chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry.

Ion exchange reactions in aqueous solutions. Aqueous solution environment: acidic, neutral, alkaline. Hydrogen value (pH) of the solution.

Redox reactions. Electrolysis of solutions and melts.

The speed of the reaction, its dependence on various factors. Catalysis.

Reversibility of reactions. Chemical equilibrium and methods of its displacement.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Classification of inorganic compounds. Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds.

Metals. Electrochemical voltage series of metals. General methods of obtaining metals.The concept of metal corrosion. Methods of protection against corrosion.

Non-metals. Redox properties of typical nonmetals. General characteristics of the halogen subgroup.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds. Chemical properties of the main classes of organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes and dienes, alkynes, arenes. Natural sources of hydrocarbons: oil and natural gas.

Polymers: plastics, rubbers, fibers.

EXPERIMENTAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Safety rules when working with caustic, flammable and toxic substances.

Carrying out chemical reactions in solutions.

Carrying out chemical reactions when heated.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators. Qualitative reactions to inorganic substances and ions, individual classes of organic compounds.

CHEMISTRY AND LIFE

Chemistry and health. Medicines, enzymes, vitamins, hormones,mineral water. Problems associated with the use of medications.

Chemistry and food. Calories of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

Chemistry in everyday life. Detergents and cleaning products. Rules for safe work with household chemicals.

Chemicals as construction and ornamental materials. Substances used in printing, painting, sculpture, architecture.

General understanding of industrial methods for producing chemicals (using the example of sulfuric acid production).

Chemical pollution of the environment and its consequences.

Household chemical literacy.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying chemistry at a basic level, the student must

know/understand

the most important chemical concepts : substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular masses, ion, allotropy, isotopes, chemical bonding, electronegativity, valency, oxidation state, mole, molar mass, molar volume, substances of molecular and non-molecular structure, solutions, electrolyte and non-electrolyte , electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, thermal effect of reaction, rate of chemical reaction, catalysis, chemical equilibrium, carbon skeleton, functional group, isomerism, homology;
basic laws of chemistry : conservation of mass of substances, constancy of composition, periodic law;
basic theories of chemistry : chemical bonding, electrolytic dissociation, structure of organic compounds;
essential substances and materials : basic metals and alloys; sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric and acetic acids; alkalis, ammonia, mineral fertilizers, methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, ethanol, fats, soaps, glucose, sucrose, starch, fiber, proteins, artificial and synthetic fibers, rubbers, plastics;

be able to

call studied substances according to “trivial” or international nomenclature;
determine : valence and oxidation state of chemical elements, type of chemical bond in compounds, ion charge, nature of the medium in aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, belonging of substances to various classes of organic compounds;
characterize : elements of small periods according to their position in the periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev; general chemical properties of metals, non-metals, main classes of inorganic and organic compounds; structure and chemical properties of the studied organic compounds;
explain : dependence of the properties of substances on their composition and structure; the nature of the chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic), the dependence of the rate of chemical reaction and the position of chemical equilibrium on various factors;
on recognition of the most important inorganic and organic substances;
conduct independent search for chemical information using various sources (popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources); use computer technology to process and transmit chemical information and present it in various forms;

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For:

environmentally conscious behavior in the environment;
safe handling of flammable and toxic substances and laboratory equipment;
preparing solutions of a given concentration in everyday life and at work;
critical assessment of the reliability of chemical information coming from various sources.

The federal component of the state standard of general education, developed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Article 7) and the Concept of modernization of Russian education for the period until 2010, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001; approved by the decision of the board of the Ministry of Education of Russia and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Education dated December 23, 2003 No. 21/12; approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of the federal component of state standards of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education" dated March 5, 2004 No. 1089.

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION
IN CHEMISTRY

PROFILE LEVEL

Studying chemistry at profile level Secondary (complete) general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

mastering the knowledge systemabout the fundamental laws, theories, facts of chemistry necessary for understanding the scientific picture of the world;

mastery of skills:characterize substances, materials and chemical reactions; perform laboratory experiments; carry out calculations according to chemical formulas and equations; search for chemical information and evaluate its reliability; navigate and make decisions in problematic situations;

developmentcognitive interests, intellectual and creativity in the process of studying chemical science and its contribution to the technical progress of civilization; complex and contradictory ways of developing ideas, theories and concepts of modern chemistry;

nurturing confidencethe fact that chemistry is a powerful tool for influencing the environment, and a sense of responsibility for the use of acquired knowledge and skills;

application of acquired knowledge and skillsfor: safe work with substances in the laboratory, at home and at work; solving practical problems in everyday life; prevention of phenomena harmful to human health and the environment; carrying out research work; conscious choice of a profession related to chemistry.

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

Scientific methods for studying chemical substances and transformations. The role of chemical experiment in the knowledge of nature.Simulation of chemical phenomena. The relationship between chemistry, physics, mathematics and biology. Natural science picture of the world 3 .

FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY

Atom. Models of atomic structure. Nucleus and nucleons. Nuclides and isotopes. Electron. Electron dualism. Quantum numbers. Atomic orbital. Distribution of electrons among orbitals. Electronic configuration of an atom. Valence electrons. Ground and excited states of atoms.

Modern formulation of the periodic law and current state periodic system of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev. Electronic configurations of atoms of transition elements.

Molecules and chemical bonding. Covalent bond, its varieties and mechanisms of formation. Characteristics of covalent bonds. Complex connections. Electronegativity. Oxidation state and valency. Hybridization of atomic orbitals. Spatial structure of molecules. Polarity of molecules. Ionic bond. Metal connection. Hydrogen bond. Intermolecular interactions. The uniform nature of chemical bonds.

Substances molecular and non-molecular structure. Modern ideas about the structure of solid, liquid and gaseous substances.

Reasons for the diversity of substances: isomerism, homology, allotropy, isotopy .

Classification and nomenclature of inorganic and organic substances.

Pure substances and mixtures. Dispersed systems. Colloidal systems. True solutions. Dissolution as a physical and chemical process. Thermal phenomena when dissolved. Ways to express the concentration of solutions: mass fraction of solute, molar and molal concentration.

Chemical reactions, their classification in inorganic and organic chemistry.

Patterns of chemical reactions. Thermal effects of reactions. Thermochemical equations. The concept of enthalpy and entropy. Gibbs energy. Hess's law and consequences from it.

The speed of the reaction, its dependence on various factors. Law of mass action. Elementary and complex reactions. Reaction mechanism. Activation energy. Catalysis and catalysts.

Reversibility of reactions. Chemical balance. Equilibrium constant. Shift of equilibrium under the influence of various factors. Le Chatelier's principle.

Electrolytic dissociation. Strong and weak electrolytes. Dissociation constant. Ion exchange reactions. Solubility product. Acid-base interactions in solutions. Amphoteric. Ionic product of water. Hydrogen value (pH) of the solution.

Hydrolysis of organic and inorganic compounds.

Redox reactions. Electronic methods and electron-ion balance. A range of standard electrode potentials. Corrosion of metals and methods of protection against it. Chemical current sources. Electrolysis of solutions and melts.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Characteristic chemical properties of metals, nonmetals and main classes of inorganic compounds.

Hydrogen. Isotopes of hydrogen. Hydrogen compounds with metals and non-metals. Water. Hydrogen peroxide.

Halogens. Hydrogen halides. Halides. Oxygen-containing chlorine compounds.

Oxygen. Oxides and peroxides. Ozone.

Sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfides. Sulfur oxides. Sulfurous and sulfuric acids and their salts.

Nitrogen. Ammonia, ammonium salts. Nitrogen oxides. Nitrous and nitric acids and their salts.

Phosphorus. Phosphine. Phosphorus oxides. Phosphoric acids. Orthophosphates.

Carbon. Methane. Calcium and aluminum carbides and iron. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid and its salts.

Silicon. Silan. Silicon(IV) oxide. Silicic acids, silicates.

Noble gases.

Alkali and alkaline earth metals and their compounds.

Aluminum and its compounds.

Transition elements (copper, silver, zinc, mercury, chromium, manganese, iron) and their compounds.

Complex connections of transition elements.

General methods of obtaining metals. The concept of metallurgy. Alloys (ferrous and non-ferrous).

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Theory of the structure of organic compounds. Carbon skeleton. Radical. Functional group. Homologs and homologous series. Structural and spatial isomerism. Types of bonds in molecules of organic substances and ways to break them.

Types of reactions in organic chemistry. Ionic and radical reaction mechanisms.

Alkanes and cycloalkanes. Alkenes, dienes. Alkynes. Benzene and its homologues. Styrene

Halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons.

Monohydric and polyhydric alcohols. Phenols. Ethers. Aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids. Functional derivatives of carboxylic acids. Esters of inorganic and organic acids. Fats, soaps.

Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.

Nitro compounds. Amines. Aniline.

Amino acids. Peptides. Squirrels. Structure of proteins.

Pyrrole. Pyridine. Pyrimidine and purine bases that are part of nucleic acids. Understanding the structure of nucleic acids.

High molecular weight compounds. Polymerization and polycondensation reactions.

EXPERIMENTAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Rules for working in the laboratory. Laboratory glassware and equipment. Safety rules when working with caustic, flammable and toxic substances.

Physical methods for separating mixtures and purifying substances. Crystallization, extraction, distillation.

Synthesis of organic and inorganic gaseous substances.

Synthesis of solid and liquid substances. Organic solvents.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances. Determining the nature of the environment. Indicators. Qualitative reactions to inorganic substances and ions. Identification of organic compounds, detection of functional groups. Measuring the physical properties of substances (mass, volume, density). Modern physicochemical methods for establishing the structure of substances. Chemical methods for separating mixtures.

CHEMISTRY AND LIFE

Chemical processes in living organisms. Biologically active substances. Chemistry and health. Problems associated with the use of medications.

Chemistry in everyday life. Detergents and cleaning products. Rules for safe work with household chemicals.

General principles of chemical technology. Natural sources of chemicals.

Polymers. Plastics, fibers, rubbers. New substances and materials in technology.

Chemical pollution of the environment and its consequences.

Problems of safe use of substances and chemical reactions in modern life. Toxic, flammable and explosive substances.

Sources of chemical information: educational, scientific and popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying chemistry at the profile level, the student must

know/understand

the role of chemistry in natural science , its connection with other natural sciences, significance in the life of modern society;
the most important chemical concepts : substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, mass of atoms and molecules, ion, radical, allotropy, nuclides and isotopes, atomic s-, p-, d-orbitals, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation state, orbital hybridization, spatial structure of molecules, mole, molar mass, molar volume, substances of molecular and non-molecular structure, complex compounds, disperse systems, true solutions, electrolytic dissociation, acid-base reactions in aqueous solutions, hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction, electrolysis, chemical reaction rate, reaction mechanism, catalysis, heat of reaction, enthalpy, heat of formation, entropy, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, carbon skeleton, functional group, homology, structural and spatial isomerism , inductive and mesomeric effects, electrophile, nucleophile, main types of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry;
basic laws of chemistry : law of conservation of mass of substances, periodic law, law of constancy of composition, Avogadro's law, Hess's law, law of mass action in kinetics and thermodynamics;
basic theories of chemistry : atomic structure, chemical bonding, electrolytic dissociation, acids and bases, structure of organic compounds (including stereochemistry), chemical kinetics and chemical thermodynamics;
classification and nomenclature inorganic and organic compounds;
natural springs hydrocarbons and methods for their processing;
substances and materials widely used in practice : basic metals and alloys, graphite, quartz, glass, cement, mineral fertilizers, mineral and organic acids, alkalis, ammonia, hydrocarbons, phenol, aniline, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, glucose, sucrose, starch , fiber, amino acids, proteins, artificial fibers, rubbers, plastics, fats, soaps and detergents;

be able to

call studied substances according to “trivial” and international nomenclatures;
determine : valence and degree of oxidation of chemical elements, ion charge, type of chemical bond, spatial structure of molecules, type of crystal lattice, nature of the medium in aqueous solutions, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, direction of equilibrium shift under the influence of various factors, isomers and homologues, belonging of substances to various classes of organic compounds, the nature of the mutual influence of atoms in molecules, types of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry;
characterize : s- , p- And d-elements according to their position in the periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev; general chemical properties of metals, non-metals, main classes of inorganic compounds; structure and properties of organic compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, amino acids and carbohydrates);
explain : dependence of the properties of a chemical element and the substances formed by it on their position in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev; dependence of the properties of inorganic substances on their composition and structure; nature and methods of formation of chemical bonds; the dependence of the rate of a chemical reaction on various factors, the reactivity of organic compounds on the structure of their molecules;
perform a chemical experiment by: recognition of the most important inorganic and organic substances; obtaining specific substances belonging to the studied classes of compounds;
conduct calculations using chemical formulas and reaction equations;
realize independent search for chemical information using various sources (reference, scientific and popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources); use computer technology to process and transmit information and present it in various forms;

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For:

understanding the global problems facing humanity: environmental, energy and raw materials;
explanations of chemical phenomena occurring in nature, everyday life and in production;
environmentally conscious behavior in the environment;
assessing the impact of chemical environmental pollution on the human body and other living organisms;
safe work with substances in the laboratory, at home and at work;
determining the possibility of chemical transformations occurring under various conditions and assessing their consequences;
recognition and identification of essential substances and materials;
assessment of the quality of drinking water and individual food products;
critical assessment of the reliability of chemical information coming from various sources.

The federal component of the state standard of general education, developed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (Article 7) and the Concept of modernization of Russian education for the period until 2010, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001; approved by the decision of the board of the Ministry of Education of Russia and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Education dated December 23, 2003 No. 21/12; approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of the federal component of state standards of primary general, basic general and secondary (full) general

Previously, this state standard had the number 011000 (according to the Classifier of directions and specialties of higher professional education)
Project 5-1

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

I CONFIRM:

Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation

___________________ V.D.Shadrikov

“_10 __” __Martha _____2000

State registration No. 127 EN/sp.

STATE EDUCATIONAL

STANDARD

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Specialty 011000 - Chemistry

Qualification - chemist

Introduced from the moment of approval

Moscow, 2000

1. General characteristics of specialty 011000 - Chemistry

1.1. The specialty was approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated March 2, 2000 N 686.

Graduate qualification: chemist.

The standard period for mastering the basic educational program for training a certified specialist in full-time education is 5 years.

1.3. Qualification characteristics of the graduate

Certified specialist in specialty 011000 - Chemistry, prepared to work in positions, mainly:

for professional activities in accordance with fundamental and special training (study of the composition, structure and properties of substances and chemical processes, patterns of chemical processes, creation and development of new promising materials and chemical technologies, solving fundamental and applied problems in the field of chemistry and chemical technology);
to work in accordance with the established procedure in educational institutions;
to work in accordance with the additional qualifications obtained during training (“Teacher”, “Patentist”, “Translator in the field of professional activity”, “Manager in professional field" and etc.).

The objects of professional activity of a certified specialist in specialty 011000 - Chemistry are research and production organizations in chemical and related fields, educational institutions, service sector, economic and other institutions requiring specialists with higher chemical education.

A certified specialist can work in positions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and departmental documents for specialists with higher professional education, taking into account the focus of training and work experience.

1.4. Opportunities for continuing graduate education

A certified specialist who has completed the basic educational program in specialty 011000 - Chemistry is prepared to continue his education in graduate school.

Requirements for the applicant's level of preparation

The applicant's previous level of education is secondary (complete) general education.

The applicant must have a state-issued document on secondary (complete) general education or secondary vocational education, or primary vocational education, if it contains a record of the bearer receiving secondary (complete) general education, or higher vocational education.

General requirements for the basic educational training program

graduate in specialty 011000 - Chemistry

The main educational program for training a certified specialist is developed on the basis of this state educational standard and includes a curriculum, programs of academic disciplines, programs of educational and practical training.

Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of the basic educational program for training a certified specialist, the conditions for its implementation and the timing of its development are determined by this state educational standard.

The main educational program for training a certified specialist consists of disciplines of the federal component, national-regional (university)

regional (university)

component, disciplines of the student's choice, as well as elective disciplines. Disciplines and courses of the student's choice in each cycle must meaningfully complement the disciplines specified in the federal component of the cycle.

The main educational program for training a certified specialist must provide for the student to study the following cycles of disciplines and final state certification:

cycle GSE- General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines; cycle EH- General mathematical and natural science disciplines; cycle OPD - General professional disciplines; cycle DS- Specialization disciplines; cycle FTD- Optional disciplines.

Content national-regional (university)[regional (university)]component of the main educational program for training a chemist is determined by the higher education institution independently and must ensure the preparation of the graduate in accordance with the qualification characteristics established by this state educational standard. If its implementation is financed from the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the content of the cycle is agreed upon with the relevant authority executive power subject of the Russian Federation.

Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of basic education

graduate training programs

specialty 011000 - Chemistry

	Name of disciplines and their main sections	Total hours

	General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines
	Federal component:
	Foreign language: Have an idea of the basic ways of combining lexical units and basic word-formation models. Possess skills and abilities speech activity in relation to the sphere of everyday and professional communications, the basics of public speech. Possess the forms of business correspondence and the skills of preparing text documents in management activities. Be able to work with original literature in the specialty, have the skill of working with a dictionary, master the basic foreign language terminology of the specialty, know the Russian equivalents of basic words and expressions of professional speech. Know the basics of summarizing and annotating literature in your specialty .
	Physical Culture: Physical culture in general cultural and professional training of students; socio-biological foundations of physical culture; the basics of a healthy lifestyle and lifestyle; health systems and sports (theory, methodology, practice); professional applied physical training of students.
	National history: Essence, forms, functions of historical knowledge. Methods and sources of the study of history. Concept and classification of historical source. Domestic historiography in the past and present: general and special. Methodology and theory of historical science. The history of Russia is an integral part of world history. Ancient heritage in the era of the Great Migration. The problem of ethnogenesis of the Eastern Slavs. The main stages of the formation of statehood. Ancient Rus' and nomads. Byzantine-ancient-Russian connections. Features of the social system of Ancient Rus'. Ethnocultural and socio-political processes of the formation of Russian statehood. Acceptance of Christianity. Spread of Islam. The evolution of East Slavic statehood in the 10th-11th centuries. Socio-political changes in Russian lands in the X111th-XVth centuries. Rus' and the Horde: problems of mutual influence. Russia and the medieval states of Europe and Asia. Specifics of the formation of a unified Russian state. The rise of Moscow. Formation of a class system of society organization. Reforms of Peter 1. Age of Catherine. Prerequisites and features of the formation of Russian absolutism. Discussions about the genesis of autocracy. Features and main stages of economic development of Russia. Evolution of forms of land ownership. The structure of feudal land tenure. Serfdom in Russia. Manufacturing and industrial production. The formation of industrial society in Russia: general and special. Social thought and features of the social movement in Russia in the 19th century. Reforms and reformers in Russia. Russian culture of the 19th century and its contribution to world culture. The role of the twentieth century in world history. Globalization of social processes. The problem of economic growth and modernization. Revolutions and reforms. Social transformation of society. The clash of tendencies of internationalism and nationalism, integration and separatism, democracy and authoritarianism. Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century. The objective need for industrial modernization in Russia. Russian reforms in the context of global development at the beginning of the century. Political parties of Russia: genesis, classification, programs, tactics. Russia in conditions of world war and national crisis. Revolution of 1917. Civil war and intervention, their results and consequences. Russian emigration. Socio-economic development of the country in the 20s. NEP. Formation of a one-party political regime. Education of the USSR. Cultural life of the country in the 20s. Foreign policy. The course towards building socialism in one country and its consequences. Socially - economic transformations in the 30s. Strengthening the regime of Stalin's personal power. Resistance to Stalinism. USSR on the eve and during the initial period of the Second World War. The Great Patriotic War. Socio-economic development, socio-political life, culture, foreign policy of the USSR in the post-war years. Cold War. Attempts to implement political and economic reforms. Scientific and technological revolution and its influence on the course of social development. USSR in the mid-60s-80s: growing crisis phenomena. Soviet Union in 1985-1991 Perestroika. The 1991 coup attempt and its failure. Collapse of the USSR. Belovezhskaya agreements. October events of 1993. Formation of a new Russian statehood (1993-1999). Russia is on the path of radical socio-economic modernization. Culture in modern Russia. Foreign policy activity in a new geopolitical situation.
	Culturology: Structure and composition of modern cultural knowledge. Culturology and philosophy of culture, sociology of culture, cultural anthropology. Culturology and cultural history. Theoretical and applied cultural studies. Methods of cultural studies. Basic concepts of cultural studies: culture, civilization, morphology of culture, functions of culture, subject of culture, cultural genesis, dynamics of culture, language and symbols of culture, cultural codes, social institutions of culture, cultural modernization. Typology of cultures. Ethnic and national, elite and mass culture. Local cultures. The place and role of modern Russia in world culture. Trends in cultural universalization in the global modern process. Culture and nature. Culture and society. Culture and global problems of our time. Culture and personality. Enculturation and socialization.
.05.	Political science: Object, subject and method of political science. Functions of political science. Political life and power relations. The role and place of politics in the life of modern societies. Social functions of politics. History of political doctrines. Civil society, its origin and features. Features of the formation of civil society in Russia. Institutional aspects of politics. Political power. Politic system. Political systems, political parties, electoral systems. Political relations and processes. Political conflicts and ways to resolve them. Political technologies. Political management. Political modernization. Political organizations and movements. Political elites. Political leadership. World politics and international relations. Features of the world political process. National-state interests of Russia in the new geopolitical situation. Methodology for understanding political reality. Paradigms of political knowledge. Expert political knowledge: political analytics and forecasting.
	Jurisprudence: State and law. Their role in the life of society. Rule of law and normative legal acts. Basic legal systems of our time. International law as a special system of law. Sources of Russian law. Law and regulations. System of Russian law. Branches of law. Offenses and legal liability. The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the fundamental law of the state. Features of the federal structure of Russia. The system of government bodies in the Russian Federation. The concept of civil legal relations. Individuals and legal entities. Obligations in civil law and liability for their violation. Inheritance law. Marriage and family relations. Mutual rights and obligations of spouses, parents and children. Employment agreement (contract). Administrative violations and administrative liability. Concept of crime. Criminal liability for committing crimes. Environmental law. Legal basis for the protection of state secrets. Legislative and regulatory acts in the field of information protection and state secrets.
	Psychology and pedagogy: Psychology: subject, object and methods of psychology. The place of psychology in the system of sciences. History of the development of psychological knowledge and main directions in psychology. Individual, personality, subject, individuality. Psyche and body. Brain and psyche. Structure of the psyche. The relationship between the conscious and the unconscious. Cognitive processes. Emotions and feelings. Psychology of Personality. Interpersonal relationships. Psychology of small groups. Pedagogy: subject, object, tasks, functions, methods of pedagogy. Main categories of pedagogy: education, upbringing, training, pedagogical activity. Education as universal value. Goals, content, structure continuing education, unity of education and self-education. Education in the pedagogical process. General forms of organization of educational activities. Methods, techniques, means of organization and management pedagogical process. Management of educational systems.
	Russian language and culture of speech: Styles of modern Russian literary language. Language norm, its role in the formation and functioning of a literary language. Speech interaction. Basic units of communication. Oral and written varieties of literary language. Regulatory, communicative, ethical aspects of oral and written speech. Functional styles of modern Russian language. Interaction of functional styles. Scientific style. Specifics of using elements of different language levels in scientific speech. Speech norms for educational and scientific fields of activity. Official business style, the scope of its functioning, genre diversity. Language formulas of official documents. Techniques for unifying the language of official documents. International properties of Russian official business writing. Language and style of administrative documents. Language and style of commercial correspondence. Language and style of instructional and methodological documents. Advertising in business speech. Rules for document preparation. Speech etiquette in a document. Genre differentiation and selection of linguistic means in journalistic style. Features of oral public speech. The speaker and his audience. Main types of arguments. Preparation of a speech: choosing a topic, purpose of speech, searching for material, beginning, development and completion of speech. Basic methods of searching for material and types of auxiliary materials. Verbal presentation of a public speech. Understanding, informativeness and expressiveness of public speech. Colloquial speech in the system of functional varieties of the Russian literary language. Conditions for the functioning of spoken language, the role of extra-linguistic factors. A culture of speech. The main directions for improving competent writing and speaking skills.
	Sociology: Know the main stages in the development of sociological thought and modern trends in sociological theory. Understand the definition of society as a supra-individual reality and an integral self-regulating system; know the prerequisites for the functioning and reproduction of the social whole. Have an idea of the basic social institutions that ensure the reproduction of social relations. Be able to analyze the main problems of the stratification of Russian society, the emergence of classes, the causes of poverty and inequality, the relationships of social groups, communities, and ethnic groups.
	Philosophy: Subject of philosophy. The place and role of philosophy in culture. The formation of philosophy. Main directions, schools of philosophy and stages of its historical development. The structure of philosophical knowledge. The doctrine of being. Monistic and pluralistic concepts of being, self-organization of being. Concepts of material and ideal. Space, time. Movement and development, dialectics. Determinism and indeterminism. Dynamic and statistical patterns. Scientific, philosophical and religious pictures of the world. Man, society, culture. Human and nature. Society and its structure. Civil society and the state. A person in a system of social connections. Man and the historical process; personality and masses, freedom and necessity. Formational and civilizational concepts of social development. The meaning of human existence. Violence and non-violence. Freedom and responsibility. Morality, justice, law. Moral values. Ideas about the perfect person in different cultures. Aesthetic values and their role in human life. Religious values and freedom of conscience. Consciousness and cognition. Consciousness, self-awareness and personality. Cognition, creativity, practice. Faith and knowledge. Understanding and explanation. Rational and irrational in cognitive activity. The problem of truth. Reality, thinking, logic and language. Scientific and extra-scientific knowledge. Scientific criteria. The structure of scientific knowledge, its methods and forms. The growth of scientific knowledge. Scientific revolutions and changes in types of rationality. Science and technology. The future of humanity. Global problems of our time. Interaction of civilizations and future scenarios.
	Economy: Introduction to economic theory. Good. Needs, resources. Economic choice. Economic relations. Economic systems. The main stages in the development of economic theory. Methods of economic theory. Microeconomics. Market. Supply and demand. Consumer preferences and marginal utility. Demand factors. Individual and market demand. Income effect and substitution effect. Elasticity. Supply and its factors. Law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity. Effect of scale. Types of costs. Firm. Revenue and profit. The principle of profit maximization. Proposal from a perfectly competitive firm and industry. Efficiency of competitive markets. Market power. Monopoly. Monopolistic competition. Oligopoly. Antimonopoly regulation. Demand for factors of production. Labor market. Labor supply and demand. Wages and employment. Capital market. Interest rate and investment. Land market. Rent. General balance and well-being. Income distribution. Inequality. Externalities and public goods. The role of the state. Macroeconomics. National economy as a whole. Circulation of income and products. GDP and ways to measure it. National income. Disposable personal income. Price indices. Unemployment and its forms. Inflation and its types. Economic cycles. Macroeconomic equilibrium. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Stabilization policy. Equilibrium in the commodity market. Consumption and savings. Investments. Government spending and taxes. Multiplier effect. Fiscal policy. Money and its functions. Equilibrium in the money market. Money multiplier. Banking system. Money-credit policy. Economic growth and development. International economic relations. Foreign trade and trade policy. Payment balance. Exchange rate. Features of the transition economy of Russia. Privatization. Forms of ownership. Entrepreneurship. Shadow economy. Labor market. Distribution and income. Transformations in the social sphere. Structural changes in the economy. Formation of an open economy.
	History and methodology of chemistry: history of chemistry as a part of chemistry and as part of the history of culture, content and main features of modern chemistry; methodological problems of chemistry, fundamental concepts of chemistry and their evolution, the law of constancy of composition and structure as the basic law of chemistry, classification of physical research methods in chemistry; the main stages in the history of the development of the system of chemical sciences, the scientific achievements of the most outstanding foreign and Russian chemists.
	National
	Disciplines and courses of the student's choice, established by the university (faculty)
	General mathematics and natural sciences
	Federal component:
	Mathematics: analytical geometry and basics of algebra: straight line, second-order lines on a plane, plane, straight line, simplest surfaces in space; matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations; vector algebra; linear spaces, linear operators; fundamentals of group theory, fundamentals of group representation theory, applications to crystallography; mathematical analysis: passage to the limit, differential and integral calculus of functions of one and several variables; vector analysis, elements of field theory; numerical and functional sequences and series, Fourier series; ordinary differential equations; partial differential equations; fundamentals of mathematical modeling of natural processes; probability theory, math statistics and its applications to the processing of observational results.
	Computer Science (Information Technology): information theory and typical information technologies; computer, software, operating systems; text and experimental data processing, visualization; databases and computer networks, basics of protecting information and information constituting state secrets; information security methods; computer workshop.
	Mechanics; kinematics and dynamics material point, solid; laws of conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum; vibrations and waves; Molecular physics; molecular kinetic theory; fundamentals of thermodynamics; properties of gases, liquids and solids; electricity and magnetism; electrostatics; electric currents in environments; Maxwell's theory of electrostatic field; optics; interference, diffraction, polarization and light dispersion; thermal radiation; laser; atomic and nuclear physics; Bohr's atomic theory; quantum mechanical description of the atom; elementary particles; structure of the nucleus.
	Biology with basic ecology: living systems; peculiarities biological level of organization of matter; principles of reproduction and development of living systems; laws of genetics, their role in evolution; cells, their reproduction and specialization; diversity of organisms, their classification; homeostasis and adaptation, regulation and functional systems, connection with the environment; physiology, ecology and health, biosocial characteristics of humans; bioethics; supraorganismal systems; ecosystems and biosphere, their structure, dynamics, sustainability; the role of anthropogenic impacts; nature protection and its rational use; prospects for the development of biology; biotechnology.
	Numerical methods and programming: programming elements and basic programming languages; numerical methods: mathematical models and features of computer computing; solving various mathematical problems in chemistry; statistical processing of experimental data.
	Regional (university) component
	Disciplines of the student's choice
	General professional disciplines
	Federal component:
	Inorganic chemistry: atomic structure, chemical bonding, fundamentals of solid state chemistry, principles of chemical thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions, solutions; basic concepts of geochemistry and radiochemistry; periodic law and periodic system of elements by D.I. Mendeleev; properties of chemical elements; features of the chemistry of metal elements and non-metal elements; structure of complex compounds, methods for studying inorganic compounds.
	Analytical chemistry: metrology of chemical analysis; theoretical foundations and methods of sample preparation; basic patterns of equilibrium and reactions: acid-base, redox, complex formation and precipitation; chemical and physical methods of detection, separation and concentration of substances (extraction, chromatography, etc.); gravimetric, titrimetric, kinetic, biochemical, electrochemical, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, thermal, biological methods of analysis; automation and computerization of analysis; analysis of industrial, natural, organic and biological objects.
	Organic chemistry: subject of organic chemistry, classification of reagents and reactions, hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes, arenes), optical isomerism of organic compounds, halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, organomagnesium and organolithium compounds, hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons, ethers, carbonyl compounds , carboxylic acids and their derivatives, nitro compounds, amines, azo compounds, heterofunctional and heterocyclic compounds.
	Physical chemistry: postulates and laws of chemical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions and fundamental Gibbs equations; thermodynamic theory of solutions; Gibbs phase rules and its application to heterogeneous equilibria; chemical and adsorption equilibria; basics of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics; postulates statistical thermodynamics, sum over states, calculations of thermodynamic functions, statistical thermodynamics of real gas and condensed state of matter; chemical kinetics, kinetic equations of various types of reactions, theory of kinetics; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, theories of catalysis; theory of electrolytes, thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical processes.
	High molecular weight compounds: basic concepts and definitions of macromolecular compounds; classification of polymers and their most important representatives; behavior of macromolecules in solutions, properties of polymer bodies (plastics, elastomers, coatings); molecular and supramolecular structure; mechanical properties, chemical properties and modification of polymers; polymer synthesis.
	Chemical Technology: chemical production as a complex system, raw materials and energy resources in the chemical industry, fundamental criteria for efficiency -activity of their use, integrated use of raw materials, energy technology schemes;macroscopic theory of physical and chemical phenomena as theoretical basis chemical technology; mechanical, thermal, mass transfer and chemical reaction processes; main types of chemical reactors; hardware design and mathematical modeling of processes for separating mixtures of substances; the role of materials in chemical technology; analysis of technological schemes of the most important chemical production facilities.
	Quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry: basic postulates and mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics; approximate methods for solving quantum mechanical problems; basic principles of quantum chemistry; non-empirical and semi-empirical methods for studying the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, qualitative theory of reactivity.
	Colloidal chemistry: free surface energy of the interface; the relationship between free surface energy and molecular interactions in the condensed phase; capillary phenomena; structure of adsorption layers of surfactants; electrosurface phenomena in dispersed systems; lyophilic and lyophobic disperse systems, their properties and applications; stability of dispersed systems; fundamentals of physical and chemical mechanics; colloidal chemical foundations of nature conservation.
	Physical research methods: characteristics and classification of methods, theoretical foundations of mass spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, problems of obtaining and recording spectra, methods for determining the electric dipole moments of molecules, geometry of molecules and substances, methods of electronic, vibrational and rotational spectroscopy, magneto-chemical and electro-optical methods, resonance methods.
	Crystal chemistry: subject and tasks of crystal chemistry, crystal structure and methods of its modeling; basics of X-ray diffraction analysis; symmetry groups and structural classes; general crystal chemistry (types of chemical bonds in crystals, systematics of crystal structures, spherical packings and stacks, crystal chemical radii of atoms, isomorphism and polymorphism); selected chapters systematic crystal chemistry (simple substances, binary and ternary compounds, silicates, organic substances); general crystal chemistry.
	Structure of the substance: foundations of modern theory of chemical structure; quantum states of molecules; symmetry of molecular systems, their electrical and magnetic properties; intermolecular interactions; structure of condensed phases (liquids, amorphous substances, mesophases, crystals), their surfaces and interfaces.
	Methods of teaching chemistry: principles of teaching and methods of teaching chemistry; activity approach to learning; formation of creative chemical thinking; a systematic approach to determining the content of training; constructing a chemistry course based on the transfer of the science system to the teaching system and on the basis of a systematic presentation of the subject of chemistry (chemical process and substance); productive-search and traditional (information training); problem-based and programmed learning; computerization of education; testing, training and educational functions of monitoring the acquisition of knowledge; assessment and diagnosis of knowledge quality; pedagogical experiment in teaching chemistry.
	Technogenic systems and environmental risk: the problem of safe development of society, the environment as a system, natural and anthropogenic impacts on humans and the environment, the main directions and methods of combating environmental pollution, the place of chemical science in the concept of sustainable development, principles of ensuring human and environmental safety -living environment, legal fundamentals of ensuring environmental safety.
	Disciplines of the student's choice
	Specialization disciplines
	Regional (university) component
	Optional disciplines
	Regional (university) component
	Military training

Total hours of theoretical training:

8316

Practices

648 8964

Time frame for completing the graduate's main educational program

specialty 011000 - Chemistry

The period for completing the main educational program for training a certified specialist in full-time education is 260 weeks, including:

Theoretical training, including student research work, workshops, including laboratory 154 weeks
Examination sessions 31 weeks
Internships for at least 24 weeks (conditional): introductory 2 weeks production chemical-technological 4 weeks pre-qualification (pre-diploma) 18 weeks *)

*) 18 weeks, 18 hours weekly.

Final state certification:
preparation and defense of final qualifying (diploma) work 21 weeks
Holidays including 8 weeks postgraduate leave 48 weeks.

The maximum volume of student workload is established 54 hours per week, including all types of his classroom and extracurricular (independent) educational work.

The volume of classroom work for a student during full-time study should not exceed the average for the period of theoretical study

hours

The total amount of vacation time in the academic year should be 7–10 weeks, including at least 2 weeks in the winter.

Requirements for the development and conditions for the implementation of basic educational

graduate training programs in specialty 011000 - Chemistry

Requirements for the development of the basic educational training program

certified specialist

Higher educational institutions independently develop and approve the main educational program of the university for the preparation of a certified specialist on the basis of this state educational standard.

Disciplines of the student's choice, independently chosen by students within the hours specified in the cycles of disciplines, are mandatory. Optional disciplines provided for by the curriculum of a higher educational institution are not mandatory for the student to study.

Coursework is considered as a type of academic work in the discipline and is completed within the hours allocated for its study.

For all disciplines and practices included in the curriculum of a higher educational institution, a final grade must be given.

Specializations are parts of the specialty within which they are created, and require the acquisition of more in-depth professional knowledge, skills and abilities in various fields of activity within the profile of this specialty. The name of the specializations is established by the educational and methodological association of universities of the Russian Federation (department of chemistry) on the proposal of higher educational institutions. The list of specialization disciplines implemented and their content is established by the higher education institution.

6.1.2. When implementing the main educational program, a higher education institution has the right:

change the volume of hours allocated to mastering educational material: for cycles of disciplines - within 5% and for disciplines included in the cycle - within 10% without exceeding the maximum weekly volume of the student’s workload and when fulfilling the content requirements specified in this standard;
form a cycle of GSE from the number of disciplines given in this state standard. At the same time, the disciplines “Foreign Language”, “ Physical education”, “National History” and “Philosophy” are mandatory, and “Psychology and Pedagogy” and “History and Methodology of Chemistry” are recommended by the Council on Chemistry of the UMO of Universities of the Russian Federation;
teach humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the form of original lecture courses and various types of collective and individual practical classes, assignments and seminars according to programs developed at the university itself and taking into account regional and professional specifics, as well as the research preferences of teachers providing qualified coverage subjects of the cycle disciplines;
establish the required depth of teaching of individual sections of disciplines included in the cycles of humanitarian and socio-economic, mathematical and natural science disciplines in accordance with the profile of the cycle of specialization disciplines;
implement the basic educational program for training a certified specialist in a shortened time for students of a higher educational institution with a secondary vocational or higher vocational education in chemistry. The reduction in terms is carried out on the basis of the student’s existing knowledge, skills and abilities acquired at the previous stage of professional education. In this case, the duration of training must be at least three years. Training under an abbreviated program is also permitted for persons whose level of education or abilities are sufficient grounds for this;
assign the qualification “Teacher” to a certified specialist when he performs it at the expense of time allocated to disciplines of the students’ choice, additional requirements required by the state standard for this qualification (approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated March 30, 1995 N 439), with the issuance of the corresponding document;
create conditions for the graduate to obtain additional qualifications in accordance with clause 1.3. of this standard.

Requirements for staffing the educational process

in all disciplines of the GSE, EN and OPD cycles, lecturers can only be professors and associate professors who have an academic degree of doctor or candidate of science in a scientific specialty corresponding to the discipline being taught;

Teachers who do not have scientific degree, but having experience working with students in this discipline;

in all disciplines of the DS cycle, all types of classes can be taught by teachers and researchers recommended by specialized departments.

6.3. Requirements for educational and methodological support of the educational process

All disciplines of the GSE, EN and OPD cycles must be provided with textbooks and teaching aids in accordance with the approved programs of academic disciplines in the amount of at least 1 unit per 2 students. Laboratory works, including the DS cycle, should be provided with methodological developments for tasks in an amount sufficient to conduct group classes.

Inorganic chemistry

Akhmetov N.S. General and inorganic chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1988. 639 p.

Spitsyn V.I., Martynenko L.I. Inorganic chemistry. M.: Publishing house Mosk. Univ., 1991, 1994. Parts 1,2.

Cotton F., Wilkinson J. Modern inorganic chemistry. M.: Mir, 1969. T.1,2,3.

Gorshkov V.I., Kuznetsov I.A. fundamentals of physical chemistry. M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1993. 336 p.

Workshop on inorganic chemistry / Ed. V.P.Zlomanova M.: Moscow Publishing House. Univ., 1994. 320 p.

Vorobyova O.I., Lavut E.A., Tamm N.S. Questions, exercises and problems in inorganic chemistry. M.: Publishing house Mosk. Univ., 1985. 180 p.

Golbreich Z.E., Maslov G.I. Collection of problems and exercises in chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1997. 384 p.

Suvorov A.V., Nikolsky A.B. general chemistry. St. Petersburg: Chemistry, 1997.623 p.

Analytical chemistry

Fundamentals of analytical chemistry: In 2 books. / Ed. Yu.A. Zolotova. M.: Higher. school, 1999. Book. 1. 351 pp.; Book 2. 495 p.

Vasiliev V.P.
Analytical chemistry: In 2 hours. Moscow: Higher. school, 1989. Part 1. 320 pp.; Part 2. 384 p.

Skoog D., West D. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry: In 2 vols. M.: Mir, 1979. T. 1-2 .

Fritz J., Schenk G. Quantitative analysis. M.: Mir, 1978. 557 p.

Ewing G. Instrumental methods chemical analysis. M.: Mir, 1989. 608 p.

Kunze U., Schwedt G. Fundamentals of qualitative and quantitative analysis. M.: Mir, 1997. 424 p.

Laitinen G.A., Harris V.E. Chemical analysis. M.: Khimiya, 1979. 624 p.

Derffel K. Statistics in analytical chemistry. M.: Mir, 1994. 268 p.

Organic chemistry

Shabarov Yu.S. Organic chemistry. M.: Chemistry. 1994. T.1,2.

Terney A. Modern organic chemistry. M.: Mir, 1981. T.1,2.

Roberts J., Casserio M. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. M.: Mir, 1978. T.1,2.

Organicum: In 2 vols. M., 1992. T. 1,2.

Morrison R., Boyd R. Organic chemistry. M.: Mir, 1974.

Nesmeyanov A.N., Nesmeyanov A.N. The beginnings of organic chemistry. M.: Mir, 1974. T.1,2.

Neyland O.Ya. Organic chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1990.

Physical chemistry

Poltorak O.M. Thermodynamics in physical chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1991.

Gerasimov Ya.I. and others. Course of physical chemistry: In 2 volumes. M.: Chemistry. 1969. T.1-2.

Damaskin B.B., Petriy O.A. Electrochemistry: M.: Vyssh. school, 1987. 296 p.

Eremin E.N. Fundamentals of chemical kinetics: M.: Vyssh. school, 1976. 374 p.

Kondratv V.N., Nikitin E.E. Kinetics and mechanisms of phase reactions. M.: Nauka, 1974. 558 p.

Smirnova N.A. Methods of statistical thermodynamics in physical chemistry: M.: Vyssh. school, 1982. 456 p.

High molecular weight compounds

Kireev V.V. High molecular weight compounds. M.: Higher. school, 1992.

Semchikov Yu.D., Zhiltsov S.F., Kashaeva V.N. Introduction to polymer chemistry: M.: Vyssh. school, 1988. 148 p.

Kuleznev V.N., Shershnev V.A. Chemistry and physics of polymers: M.: Vyssh. school, 1988. 311 p.

Shur A.M. High-molecular compounds: M.: Vyssh. school, 1981. 656 p.

Chemical Technology

Bird R., Stewart W., Lightfoot E. Transfer phenomena. M.: Chemistry, 1974.

Beskov V.S., Safronov V.S. General chemical Technology and fundamentals of industrial ecology. M.

:Chemistry, 1999.

Volfkovich S.I. and others. General chemical technology: 2 vols. L., 1952. T.1; L., 1959. T.2.

Dytnersky Yu.I. Processes and apparatus of chemical technology: In 2 books. M.: Chemistry, 1995.

Kutepov A.M. and others. General chemical technology. M.: Higher school, 1990.

Lebedev N.N. Chemistry and technology of basic organic and petrochemical synthesis. M.: Chemistry, 1988.

Safonov M.S. Criteria for thermodynamic perfection of technological systems. M.: MSU, Faculty of Chemistry, 1998.

Quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry

Meleshina A.M. Quantum mechanics course for chemists: M.: Vyssh. school, 1980. 215 p.

Flurry R. Quantum chemistry. M.: Mir, 1985. 472 p.

Zahradnik R., Polak R. Fundamentals of quantum chemistry. M.: Mir, 1979. 504 p.

Meleshina A.M. Quantum chemistry course. Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. Univ., 1981. 198 p.

Yatsimirsky K.B., Yatsimirsky V.K. Chemical bond. Kyiv: Vishcha school, 1975. 304 p.

Abarenkov I.V., Brattsev V.F., Tulub A.V. The beginnings of quantum chemistry. M.: Higher school, 1989.

Bolotin A.B., Stepanov N.F. Group theory and its application in quantum mechanics of molecules. Vilnius: Elkom Publishing House, 1999. 246 p.

Stepanov N.F., Pupyshev V.I. Quantum mechanics of molecules and quantum chemistry. M.: Publishing house Mosk. Univ., 1991. 384 p.

Colloid chemistry

Shchukin E.D., Pertsov A.V., Amelina E.A. Colloidal chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1992. 416 p.

Friedrichsberg D.A. Colloid chemistry course. L.: Chemistry, 1995. 385 p.

Frolov Yu.G. Colloid chemistry course. M.: Khimiya, 1989. 462 p.

Physical research methods

Vilkov L.V., Pentin Yu.A. Physical research methods in chemistry. Structural methods and optical spectroscopy. M.: Higher. school, 1987. 366 p.

Vilkov L.V., Pentin Yu.A. Physical research methods in chemistry. Resonance and electro-optical methods. M.: Higher. school, 1989. 288 p.

Kuzmenko N.E. Ch. 11. Spectroscopic methods // Fundamentals of analytical chemistry. Book 2. Methods of chemical analysis. M.: Higher. school, 1996. P. 199–352; 2nd ed., 1999.

Minkin V.I., Osipov O.A., Zhdanov Yu.A. Dipole moments in organic chemistry. L.: Chemistry, 1968. 246 p.

Semin G.K., Babushkina T.A., Yakobson G.G. Application of nuclear quadrupole resonance in chemistry. L.: Chemistry, 1972. 536 p.

Crystal chemistry

Zorkiy P.M. Symmetry of molecules and crystal structures. M.: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1986.

Bokiy G.B. Crystal chemistry. M.: Nauka, 1971.

Poraj-Koshits M.A. Fundamentals of structural analysis of chemical compounds. M.: Higher. school, 1982.

Structure of matter

Tatevsky V.M. The structure of molecules and physicochemical properties of molecules and substances. M.: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1993.

Minkin V.I., Simkin B.Ya., Minyaev R.M. Theory of molecular structure. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix Publishing House, 1997. 570 p.

Vilkov L.V., Pentin Yu.A. Physical research methods in chemistry. Structural methods and optical spectroscopy. M.: Higher. school, 1987.

Vilkov L.V., Pentin Yu.A. Physical research methods in chemistry. Resonance and electro-optical methods. M.: Higher. school, 1989.

Hargittai I., Hargittai M.
Symmetry through the eyes of a chemist. M.: Mir, 1989.

Methods of teaching chemistry

Zaitsev O.S. Methods of teaching chemistry. M., 1999.

Zaitsev O.S. Chemistry. Modern short course. M., 1987. 416 p.

Methods of teaching chemistry / Ed. N.E. Kuznetsova. M., 1984. 415 p.

General methods of teaching chemistry: In 2 volumes / Ed. L.A. Tsvetkova. M, 1981-1982. T.1. 224 pp.; T. 2. 223 p.

Talyzina N.F. Managing the process of knowledge acquisition. M., 1984. 344 p.

Chernilevsky D.V., Filatov O.K. Technology of teaching in higher education. M., 1996. 288 p.

Chernobelskaya G.M. Fundamentals of teaching methods in chemistry. M.,. 1987. 256 p.

Shapovalenko S.G. Methods of teaching chemistry. M., 1963. 668 p.

Technogenic systems and environmental risk

Demin V.F. Scientific and methodological aspects of risk assessment // Atomic energy. 1999. No. 1.

Bykov A.A., Murzin N.V. Problems of analyzing the security of man, society, and nature. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1997.

Belov P.G. Theoretical foundations of systems safety engineering. Kyiv: Kmuga, 1997.

Bykov A.A. Modeling of environmental activities. M.: National Medical Center of the State Committee for Ecology of Russia, 1998.

Israel Yu.A. Ecology and environmental control. M.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984.

Skuratov Yu.I., Duka G.G., Miziti A. Introduction to environmental chemistry. M.: Higher. school, 1994. 400 p.

Myagkov S.M. Geography of natural risk. M.: Publishing house Mosk. University, 1995.

Ecology: nature conservation and environmental Safety In 2 volumes / Ed. IN AND. Danilova-Danilyana. M.: MNEPU, 1997. 744 p.

History and methodology of chemistry

Volkov V.A., Vonsky E.V., Kuznetsova G.I. Outstanding chemists of the world. M.: Higher. school, 1991. 656 p.

Azimov A. A brief history of chemistry. Development of ideas and concepts in chemistry. M.: Mir, 1983. 187 p.

Shamin A.N. History of biological chemistry. Formation of biochemistry. M.: Nauka, 1983. 262 p.

Requirements for material and technical support of the educational process

The educational process must be ensured:

lectures - various equipment that helps the lecturer demonstrate illustrative material;
seminars - computers for performing calculations or using information systems;
laboratory works - chemical reagents, laboratory glassware and educational (scientific and educational) equipment in accordance with the laboratory work program.

Requirements for organizing practices

Introductory practice is carried out in the form of excursions and is intended to familiarize students with the organization and topics of scientific research in the field of chemistry in scientific laboratories of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other organizations. Conducted by teachers of study groups in agreement with the administration of elective organizations. Based on the results of the practice, the teacher interviews the students and a grade is given in the form of a test.
Industrial chemical engineering practice is intended to familiarize students with the real technological process and consolidate the theoretical knowledge acquired during training. It is carried out at chemical enterprises, semi-factory and prototype installations in the laboratories of research institutes. The timing of the internship is approved by the rector’s office (dean’s office) in accordance with the requirements for the curriculum. At the end of the internship, the student intern reports on the work done to the university commission and representatives of the host organization. The form of assessment (test, differentiated test with assessment) is provided for by the curriculum.
Industrial pre-qualification (pre-diploma) practice is carried out in the laboratories of a higher educational institution, research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific organizations and is intended for graduates to master theoretical sections and acquire experimental skills on the topic of a future qualification (diploma) work. The direction and scope of work are established by the department. At the end of the internship, the graduate reports at a meeting of the departmental (laboratory) colloquium, based on the results of which a differentiated test with a grade is given.

Requirements for the level of training of graduates in specialty 011000 - Chemistry

7.1.Requirements for the professional preparedness of a certified specialist

7.1.1.. General requirements for the education of a certified specialist

A certified specialist meets the following requirements:

is familiar with the basic teachings in the field of humanities and socio-economic sciences, is able to scientifically analyze socially significant problems and processes, is able to use the methods of these sciences in various types of professional and social activities;
has a holistic understanding of the processes and phenomena occurring in inanimate and living nature, understands the capabilities of modern scientific methods of cognition of nature and masters them at the level necessary to solve problems that have a natural scientific content and arise during the performance of professional functions;
is able to continue studying and conduct professional activities in a foreign language environment (the requirement is designed to be fully implemented after 10 years);
has a scientific understanding of a healthy lifestyle, has the skills and abilities of physical self-improvement;
masters the culture of thinking, knows its general laws, is capable of writing and oral speech correctly (logically) format its results;
knows how to organize his work on a scientific basis, owns computer methods of collecting, storing and processing (editing) information used in the field of his professional activity;
in the context of the development of science and changing social practice, is capable of reassessing accumulated experience, analyzing one’s capabilities, and is able to acquire new knowledge using modern information educational technologies;
understands the essence and social significance his future profession, the main problems of the disciplines that determine the specific area of his activity, sees their interrelation in a holistic system of knowledge;
knows how to use models to describe and predict various phenomena, carry out their qualitative and quantitative analysis;
is able to formulate tasks related to the implementation of professional functions, knows how to use the methods of the sciences he has studied to solve them;
ready to cooperate with colleagues and work in a team, is familiar with management methods, knows how to find and make management decisions in the face of different opinions, knows the basics of teaching;
methodologically and psychologically ready to change the type and nature of his professional activity, to work on interdisciplinary projects.

Requirements for graduates in humanities and socio-economic disciplines

in the field of philosophy, national history, pedagogy and psychology:

have an idea of scientific, philosophical and religious pictures of the universe, the essence, purpose and meaning of human life, the diversity of forms of human knowledge, the relationship between truth and error, knowledge and faith, rational and irrational in human life, features of the functioning of knowledge in modern society, aesthetic values, their meaning in creativity and everyday life, to be able to navigate them;
understand the role of science in the development of civilization, the relationship between science and technology and the associated modern social and ethical issues, the value of scientific rationality and its historical types, to know the structure, forms and methods of scientific knowledge, their evolution;
be familiar with the most important branches and stages of development of humanitarian and socio-economic knowledge, the main scientific schools, directions, concepts, sources of humanitarian knowledge and methods of working with them;
understand the meaning of the relationship between the spiritual and physical, biological and social principles in man, the relationship of man to nature and those that arose in the modern era technical development contradictions and crisis of human existence in nature;
know the conditions for the formation of personality, its freedom, responsibility for the preservation of life, nature, culture, understand the role of violence and non-violence in history and human behavior, man’s moral responsibilities towards others and himself;
have an idea of the essence of consciousness, its relationship with the unconscious, the role of consciousness and self-awareness in the behavior, communication and activities of people, the formation of personality;
understand the nature of the psyche, know the basic mental functions and their physiological mechanisms, the relationship between natural and social factors in the formation of the psyche, understand the meaning of will and emotions, needs and motives, as well as unconscious mechanisms in human behavior;

be able to give a psychological description of a person (her temperament, abilities), interpretation of one’s own mental state, master the simplest techniques of mental self-regulation;

understand the relationship between heredity and social environment, the role and significance of national and cultural-historical factors in education and upbringing;

know the forms, means and methods of pedagogical activity;

have basic skills in analyzing teaching and educational situations, identifying and solving pedagogical problems;

have a scientific understanding of the main eras in human history and their chronology;

know the basics historical facts, dates, events and names of historical figures;

be able to express and justify their position on issues related to the value attitude towards the historical past;

in the field of physical education:

understand the role of physical education in human development and specialist training;
know the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle;
own the system practical skills and skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, development, improvement of psychophysical abilities and qualities, self-determination in physical culture;
gain experience in using physical education and sports activities to achieve life and professional goals;

in the field of philology:

be fluent in the state language of the Russian Federation – Russian;
know and be able to competently use professional vocabulary in their activities;
master the lexical minimum of one of the foreign languages (1200-2000 lexical units, that is, words and phrases with the highest frequency and semantic value) and a grammatical minimum, including grammatical structures necessary for teaching oral and written forms communication;
be able to conduct a conversation-dialogue of a general nature in a foreign language, use the rules of speech etiquette, read literature in the specialty without a dictionary in order to search for information, translate texts with a dictionary, compose annotations, abstracts and business letters in a foreign language.

in the field of history and methodology of chemistry:

know the main stages in the history of the development of the system of chemical sciences, the scientific achievements of the most outstanding foreign and Russian chemists, have a clear understanding of the methodological aspects of chemistry, including the system of fundamental chemical concepts.

7.1.3. General Math and Science Requirements

A certified specialist must have an understanding of:

mathematical modeling;
information, methods of its storage, processing and presentation;
the possibilities of applying the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry to explain the properties and behavior of complex polyatomic systems, including biological objects;
the origin and evolution of the Universe;
properties of atomic nuclei and elementary particles;
physical, chemical and biological research methods;
modern achievements of natural sciences, physical principles of operation of modern technical devices;
ecological principles of rational environmental management;
the role of biological laws in solving social problems.

A certified specialist must know and be able to use:

fundamentals of mathematical analysis;
basics of algebra, geometry and discrete mathematics;
fundamentals of the theory of differential equations and numerical methods;
fundamentals of probability theory and mathematical statistics;
concept of information, methods of its storage and processing;
structure, operating principles and basic capabilities of a computer;
main types of algorithms, programming languages;
standard software for their professional activities;
physical foundations of mechanics: kinematics and laws of dynamics of a material point, solid body, liquids and gases, conservation laws, foundations of relativistic mechanics;
physics of oscillations and waves: kinematics of harmonic oscillations, interference and diffraction of waves, spectral decomposition;
statistical physics and thermodynamics: molecular kinetic theory, properties statistical ensembles, functions of distribution of particles by speed and coordinates, laws of thermodynamics, elements of thermodynamics of open systems, properties of gases, liquids and crystals;
electricity and magnetism: constant and alternating electric fields in vacuum and matter, Maxwell's theory, properties and propagation of electromagnetic waves, incl. optical range;
quantum physics: states of particles in quantum mechanics, dualism of waves and particles, uncertainty relations, electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids, theory of chemical bonding;
living systems: features of the biological level of organization of matter, principles of reproduction and development of living systems; laws of genetics, their role in evolution; cells, their cycle; diversity of living organisms, principles of their classification, basic functional systems, connection with the environment, supraorganismal systems;
physiology, ecology and health, biosocial characteristics of humans;
ecology and nature conservation: ecosystems, their structure, dynamics, limits of sustainability, the role of anthropogenic impacts; principles of rational use of natural resources.

7.1.4. Requirements for general professional disciplines

The maturity of chemical thinking of graduates is determined by an understanding of the characteristics of the chemical form of organization of matter, the place of inorganic and organic systems in the evolution of the Earth, the unity of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere and the role of the chemical diversity of substances on Earth.

Familiarity with the conceptual basis and experimental methods of modern chemistry should serve as the basis for comparison and critical assessment of natural science and theoretical constructions, technological solutions, as well as to predict the consequences of their professional activities for the environment and humans.

Methodological preparedness implies knowledge of the levels of organization of matter and chemical systems, the ability to identify initial structures for each level, determine their relationships, principles of organization, operating conditions, conservation mechanisms and limits of stability.

Based on the mastery of basic chemical objects and laws, the graduate must be able to model the course of biological processes and predict the consequences of anthropogenic impacts on the environment.

The maturity of a graduate’s chemical worldview is also determined by the understanding that chemistry is the basis of the productive force of society and a clear value orientation towards environmental protection.

A certified specialist must:

know the theoretical foundations of inorganic chemistry, composition, structure and chemical properties of basic simple substances and chemical compounds; understand the principles of the structure of matter and the occurrence of chemical processes; master methods and methods for the synthesis of inorganic substances, description of the properties of substances based on patterns arising from the periodic law and the periodic system of elements; master the basic methods of studying inorganic compounds and be able to interpret experimental results;
understand the role of analytical chemistry in the system of sciences; know the metrological foundations of chemical analysis, types of reactions and processes in analytical chemistry, their basic principles; basic methods of separation and concentration, analysis (gravimetric, titrimetric, kinetic, biochemical, electrochemical, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, thermal, biological); master the methodology for choosing the optimal analysis method specific object and the methodology for its implementation;
possess theoretical concepts of organic chemistry, have knowledge about the composition, structure and properties of organic substances - representatives of the main classes of organic compounds (hydrocarbon alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes, arenes; homofunctional compounds, heterofunctional compounds, heterocyclic compounds); have an understanding of proteins and biologically active substances, structure and properties of the most important types of biomolecules; master the basics of organic synthesis;
understand the basics of physical chemistry as the theoretical foundation of modern chemistry, master the basics of chemical thermodynamics, solution theory and phase equilibria, elements of statistical thermodynamics, know the basics of chemical kinetics and catalysis, the mechanism of chemical reactions, electrochemistry, master the basic laws of physical chemistry;
know the basics of the chemistry of high-molecular compounds, have an idea of the classification of polymers and their most important representatives, the structure of macromolecules and their behavior in solutions; have an understanding of the structure and basic physical properties of polymer bodies, chemical reactions that do and do not lead to a change in the degree of polymerization of macromolecules, as well as reactions of macromolecules for the chemical and structural-chemical modification of polymer materials and products; master the basics of polymer synthesis;
understand physicochemical principles technological processes and their basic mathematical models; master the basics of the methodology of analysis and synthesis of technological schemes; be able to use efficiency criteria for chemical production; understand the direction of the ongoing profound changes in the basic technologies for processing raw materials and energy resources, trends in increasing the knowledge intensity of chemical production;
know the basic postulates of quantum mechanics and approximate methods for solving quantum mechanical problems, know the basic approximations used in solving quantum chemical problems; have an understanding of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules; know applied problems of quantum chemistry;
have an idea about special properties phase interfaces, know the properties and basics of using surfactants (surfactants), have an idea of the patterns of surfactant adsorption and the influence of adsorption layers on the properties of dispersed systems, know methods for experimentally studying the adsorption of surfactants on various surfaces phase separation, master the basics of the study of the stability of dispersed systems, have an understanding of the fundamentals of physical and chemical mechanics, have an understanding of the colloidal chemical principles of nature conservation;
know and master modern by physical methods research, have experience in using experimental research methods;
master the basics of crystal chemistry and X-ray diffraction analysis, understand the systematics of crystal structures, the structure of simple and complex substances, know the crystal chemistry of inorganic and organic compounds;
have an understanding of the fundamentals of the theory of the structure of matter, the quantum states of molecules, their electrical and magnetic properties, know the main components of intermolecular interactions, the structure of condensed phases (liquids, amorphous substances, crystals and mesophases) and their surfaces;
master the theoretical and psychological-pedagogical foundations of managing the teaching of chemistry, know the methods of determining the scientific content of training and the requirements of state educational standards, be able to use teaching methods and teaching aids that correspond to the selected content, monitor the assimilation of knowledge, diagnose the acquired chemical knowledge and adjust the learning process;
master the principles of quantitative assessment of heterogeneous hazards and comparing them on a single scale as the basis for decision-making to ensure safe and sustainable interaction between humans and the natural environment.

7.1.5. Requirements for specialization disciplines

Specific requirements for the specialized training of a certified specialist are established by the higher education institution.

Requirements for final state certification

certified specialist

General requirements for state final certification.

Final certification tests are intended to determine the practical and theoretical readiness of a certified chemist to perform professional tasks established by this state educational standard and continue education in accordance with clause 1.4 of this standard.

Certification tests included in the final state certification must comply with the main educational program for training a certified chemist.

The main mandatory type of final state certification of a certified specialist is the defense of a qualifying (thesis) thesis. A higher education institution has the right to supplement the list of certification tests included in the final state certification of graduates.

7.2.2. Requirements for final qualifying (diploma) work

The final qualifying (diploma) work of a certified specialist is a completed research experimental (calculated or theoretical) development, which reflects the graduate’s ability to analyze scientific literature on the topic under development, plan and conduct the experimental (substantive) part of the work, discuss the results

results and draw informed conclusions. The final work, presented in the form of a manuscript, completes the training of a certified specialist and reflects the ability to independently solve the scientific problem posed.

Subject final work determined by the supervisor in accordance with the developed topics of the department and approved by the head of the department.

The defense of the final work is carried out at a meeting of the State Attestation Committee.

The results of defending a qualifying (diploma) thesis are taken into account by the university when recommending a graduate to continue his education.

Compiled by:

Educational and Methodological Association of Universities of the Russian Federation

The state educational standard for higher professional education was approved by the Plenum of the Council on Chemistry of the Educational Institution of Universities of the Russian Federation on November 25, 1999

Chairman of the Council of Educational Institutions of Universities of the Russian Federation,

Rector of Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, academician V.A. GARDENER

Chairman of the Council on Chemistry of the UMO of Universities of the Russian Federation,

Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University,

Corresponding member RAS, professor V.V. LUNIN

Deputy Chairman of the Council on Chemistry

UMO universities of the Russian Federation, associate professor V.F. SHEVELKOV

Agreed:

Department of Educational Programs and Standards

higher and secondary vocational education

Head of Department G.K. Shestakov

Deputy head of department V.S. SENASHENKO

Chief Specialist N.R. SENATOROVA

Gosstandart of the Russian Federation chemistry 1st generation. Requirements for the level of training of graduates

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS GRADUATE TRAINING

IN CHEMISTRY

A BASIC LEVEL OF

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

Metals. Electrochemical voltage series of metals. General methods of obtaining metals.The concept of metal corrosion. Methods of protection against corrosion.

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS GRADUATE TRAINING

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY

PROFILE LEVEL

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS GRADUATE TRAINING

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING

STANDARD OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION
IN CHEMISTRY

MANDATORY MINIMUM CONTENT
BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
GRADUATE TRAINING