Speech plan.
Adding... editing...
If someone can read the Koran after this, the author is not to blame.
He had other goals, but - Good luck!
U different people - different thinking Therefore, for example, engineers and philologists need to be taught foreign languages differently. But in all foreign language textbooks, you can feel the same, “dirty” German approach: unnecessary thoroughness, an abundance of unnecessary, stupid, unstructured information at the start, tediousness that kills mood and motivation after 5 pages and puts you to sleep after ten.
That is, it is often not the student’s fault, but rather the teaching system that “fucks up.”
It’s as if someone put a filter on those “unworthy” of this language.
And this is how the “cut-off” is carried out...
But why did they write a book for such a purpose, why was it called a “textbook”
and why did they sell you crap that is of little use for learning??,
And maybe then we should call such books not textbooks, but “turnstiles”
like, if you got through, you’ll go, if you didn’t get through, sit, smoke, and bamboo...
Existing textbooks are poorly designed for the thinking of a normal Russian person.
modern, not "outdated" version. When you are told obvious platitudes that are clearly rewritten 100 recent years, I feel like I'm in...
The idea that you are smarter than your teacher, and the teacher is “acting out”, interferes with learning.
Perhaps philologists wrote textbooks - for people with a different background,
Perhaps the “background” of the average student has grown over 100 years
or the methods are outdated.
Maybe people who don’t know anything useful other than languages increase the value of their knowledge by making show-offs and meaningful snot - where everything can be explained more simply, on fingers, faster and more interestingly.
Can a teacher be boring?
After all, language is a means of communication.
He already has a “credit” from a student who bought and picked up a textbook.
And if the author doesn’t pull it off, maybe it’s because he’s a bad teacher?
Let's take Arabic.
Most fears about learning Arabic stem from its written form.
Which the textbook teaches in such a way that... you begin to understand the Inquisition...
Often textbooks focus on layers of language - from Islam and the Koran.
On the experience of building communism. For what??
Or a rather aggressive imposition of alien (for Russian) person archetypes of behavior.
Orthodox Christians and atheists do not need to immediately give words meaning “namaz” and “Akbar”.
That is, these words must be present, but then, where their presence will be justified by the logic of teaching, and not just by the teacher’s desire to immediately “convert” the student to his faith. The student came for another. And the market says that you should respect your consumer.
Arabic- specifically Russian and Orthodox Christian makes it possible to touch the Biblical texts - in a different coordinate system. And understand the hidden meanings that (alas) disappeared without a trace in Russian translations - with Greek translations.
Eg. King Herod turns out to be the "king of the Earth." Ard and Herod (land) are spelled the same.
Bethlehem - (beit lahm) - turns out to be a sheep house, a barn.
British Queen " Bloody Mary"(Bloody Mary) - turns out to be the "Mother of the State".
The Pharisees turn out to be ordinary Persians or horsemen. The Saducees are friends of the Pharisees,
Pharaohs turn out to be simply the leaders of these horsemen.
The possible meaning of the “new spelling” of the name Jesus (the appearance of the second letter “i”) during the Great Schism of the 17th century becomes clear - precisely as a result of the translation of Arabic texts into “Cyrillic”. the stroke under the consonant “and” is the second “and”, which is written but not necessarily read. And the main dispute of the split takes on a different logic and harmony.
2) Motivation.
There is such an “Old Belarusian language”. This is a language in which ordinary text in Old Russian is written in Arabic letters. Agree, it’s nice when in the process of studying one modern language- you find yourself “in the load” as the bearer of another, and ancient one at that.
The laws of “Freebies” (sweets in Arabic) have not been repealed.
And the learning process turns out to be effective if you lead the student “from freebie to freebie.”))
So, to convey information, you need to write Arabic letters - from right to left.
Consonants and long (stressed) vowels are written.
- there is no letter “p” in the Arabic alphabet, Arabs use the letter “b”
- the letter "g" is similar to the Russian one.
- the letter "i" twice. Once at the end of a word, the other in the middle. It can be seen by two points below it. The spelling is different, but these two dots “give it away”.
The letter "v" twice. Its writing anywhere (at the beginning in the middle, at the end - the same)
Vocalization rule
There are only 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet.
Strictly speaking, they are all consonants. Vowel sounds, and there are three of them, are transmitted by special icons that are placed above or below the letter, called “vowels”.
The vowels “a”, “i”, “u” are called “Fatha, kesra, damma”
A - stroke above the consonant
"and" is a stroke from below,
"y" - comma on top,
“without a vowel” - circle, “sukkun”,
"an" - two strokes
shadda "w" - doubling of a consonant.
This is how the previous sentence “let’s talk” -
will look like “Old Belarusian” with vowels. 
In most cases, you will not find texts with vowels in Arabic books and media. Why? Because Arabs read and understand these texts perfectly even without vowels. This is comparable to when in Russian we encounter the letter “Ё” without dots, but we understand that it is “Ё”. This is experience and skill.
Vocalizations were developed by medieval philologists. One of the theories of their origin is this: in those days, a large number of people accepted Islam - without knowing the language. And so that “fresh” Muslims could read the Koran without errors, a system of vowels was adopted. Nowadays vowels can be found mainly in textbooks, in Sacred texts(Koran, Bible), in reference books and dictionaries. But moving in this environment, anyone begins to read and understand texts without vowels at all.
Arabic writing allows us to better understand the speakers of Turkic, Iranian and Caucasian languages. And due to the fact that Moscow is already the largest Tajik, Tatar and Azerbaijani city. And the second in the world - in terms of the number of Uzbeks, Jews and Chechens - it is advisable to have this just in case, let it be... Because this writing allows you to better understand the grammar of the language. After all, doubling, transferring vowels - there was historically justified by "Elm", but when written in Latin or Cyrillic - the logic turns out to be a little more complicated.
(show the strokes - and their mirror image in calligraphy.
Examples of abbreviations - based on Arabic script.)
The main thing is not to be afraid and to understand that the rejection of the Arabic language in the Russian cultural field may not have always been the case. One may discover that someone actually deliberately destroyed “Semitisms” (Arabisms) in Russian culture. You can see that many principles of Russian cursive writing/stenography amusingly repeat the laws of Arabic calligraphy (of course, in their mirror image).
Russian endings (for example, for adjectives) are written in Arabic not with 2-3 letters that do not carry information (-ogo, -ego, -ie, -aya), but are written in one short stroke. After all, the Slavic ancestors were not masochists when they left endings in their language that sometimes turned out to be longer than the word itself. In a word, the experience of the Arabic language is only an opportunity to regain what your ancestors had.
By the way, everyone can have such an “Arab” experience European languages. It is known that the most ancient documents of the Afrikaans language (which, excuse me, is the language of the Dutch settlers of the 17th and 18th centuries in Africa) were written in Arabic script. It is known that in the 20th century there were translations of writing into Cyrillic and Latin, after which in Russia and Turkey ALL documents written in ligature were destroyed.
That is, perhaps it is necessary not so much to “teach” as to try to “awaken” the subconscious.
Arabic script- is not at all complicated, but it amazingly helps to “reveal” in a person different ways thinking: analogue, creative, composite...
On the right in the picture you can see the Russian letter “ch”.
There is no such letter in Arabic.
She is in Persian language, and "ch" means when it has three dots at the bottom.
In Arabic there is this letter with a dot on top,
with a dot below,
and no dot at all.
If this letter is written at the end of a word, then it looks like a “ch”, but if it is in the middle of a word, there is no lower “tail”.
That is, this letter with a dot on top means a hard “x”,
with a dot below - “j” (In Egypt, for some reason, this letter is pronounced “gh”, like the Ukrainian “g”),
without a dot - a light "x".
three dots below - “ch” and not in Arabic, but in Persian.
The main thing about this letter is the tail on top. the letter can be written in different handwriting, in different ways, but the “Tail” gives it away.
Although, once teaching the basics of economics to managers in one Bank, I discovered that top management did not understand the diagram at all, but could only read sequential text. That is, evolution has taken place - by washing out people from abstract thinking. Well... by the way, the bank is still quite afloat, although... I don’t keep a penny there... I don’t trust the “Managers”, whose whole virtue is the ability to “be shit”...
So if you are going to work with this category of people, give up the language in general and this method in particular, otherwise you will then have to stupidly hide a third of your brain in order to fit in with the “environment” and especially with your superiors.
In the end, when a crowd of Caucasian youth stops you in a dark alley, as a rule, this does not mean anything bad, except that there is a reason to drink together. And you need to know how to see this reason. And how to develop it correctly.
Here in the picture below are two Arabic words of three letters.
Of course, since we are learning Old Belarusian, it might be worth writing an Old Belarusian word of three letters, but whoever needs it will write it himself by the end of the lesson...
three letters are three troughs. The dots above the letter indicate that the first word is “BIT”, the second is BNT.” 
As already mentioned, even without vowels, the Arab will guess
that these are the words Bayt - house (hamsa and two sukkun - in vowels),
and Bint - a girl (kesra and two sukkun).
With vowels - two words will look like this.
I draw in Adobe with a mouse, if you don’t like it, draw it yourself.
Pencil, paper, sharpener - go ahead.
Beautiful handwriting for many is sufficient aesthetic satisfaction,
to practice Arabic. But we are talking about the harmony of language in general here,
and not so much his handwriting.
4) Don’t feel complex about your lack of knowledge of the Arabic language - in front of today’s native speakers Arabic culture.
Firstly, all the Arabs you are interested in (for one reason or another) speak Russian or English. AND English language for them - it will be objectively more comfortable to explain the terms European culture. The Arabic language is an opportunity to touch Arab culture - in general, and not just to a specific person in particular.
Secondly, we must understand that the Arab culture of the Middle East is, after all, rather a young culture. Its renaissance in the Middle East began only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. And when you get acquainted with the works of German and Russian Arabists (Krachkovsky’s four-volume work), you see and understand that at the end of the 19th century, the centers of study of the Arabic language and the Koran were Berlin, Kazan, St. Petersburg... And not Cairo and Damascus . How about counting historical center Arab culture - Jerusalem and Riyadh - began only in the second half of the 20th century... and before that, an ordinary Arab in the desert in the morning washed himself with camel urine, jumped on a camel - and wandered to the neighboring oasis. And for more high manifestations culture - the harsh desert life then left no space and resources. This is neither good nor bad. Explore the museums in Arab countries to understand the meager and dreary life of nomads - half a century ago.
My teacher, a KGB officer, once gave advice that was very appropriate in that situation - not to try to translate your life into Arabic. University, cinema and clubs are images of another culture for which would be better suited another language.
It’s more useful to come up with an “image” of an Arab and tell it from him. It is the language of nomadic peasants and has 70 words for camel and 5 verbs for “to think.” No need to complicate...
May I have 5 brothers and 6 sisters,
your father has three wives and three houses.
It’s easier to learn from an authentic map than to make a fuss about how to delicately name those that are missing from Arab culture." landing troops", "potatoes", "privatization" and "investment banking".
So, the first principle of memorizing letters is “Shemakha”.
As the hero of Pushkin’s fairy tale said: “Reign while lying on your side”...
There are many Arabic symbols - you can memorize them by tilting your head to the right or to the left.
For example, the “European” numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 are frankly of Arabic origin. It’s just that someone “messed up” and recorded them while sitting “too left” - from the source.
Some letters are also recognized - for example, the letter "sod", "to", "fa".
The second principle is the difference between syllables with vowels "a" and "o".
Arabs consider "a" and "o" as one vowel,
They have different consonants with which the syllables “sa” and “so” begin.
That's why they have two consonants - where we have one.
And there are two different letters - “t”, “s”, “d”, “th”, “z”. One of them is “front” - after it you hear “a”,
and the other is the back one, after it you hear “o”.
The difference between them is colossal.
Kalb and Kalb are almost imperceptible to the Russian ear, but to the Arab they mean “heart” or “dog”. Compliment - or insult. They always call one famous Israeli politician “Kalb-va-ibn-al-kyalb” (The Dog and the Son of the Dog).
And if you mess it up... it won’t turn out pretty...
A letter that simply means short sound“o” - they convey it through a special letter “ain”, which means a guttural “semi-wheezing” and which in writing looks similar to the “non-Russian” letter “Ъ”, as in the word “B-b-lgaria”
with the letter "mime" - a disclaimer: the circle is drawn so that the logic of the appearance of the letter is clear.
However, Arabs always draw "circles" in letters in a clockwise direction.
The third principle is schematism.
Many Russian letters are obtained by inscribing the key elements of Arabic letters into a square shape.
"ba", "ta", "tha", "p", "z",
dal, thal, tires,
"v", "f".
"mim", "nun", "lam", kaf"
Show on the board how Cyrillic letters are derived from ligature.
More than 90% of the alphabet has obvious parallels with the Cyrillic alphabet.
There are a couple more letters where the connections are not so obvious, and there are also letters where the connections are repeated.
It would be worth pointing out the obvious:
Cyril and Methodius stole ideas - not from the Greeks (or not only from the Greeks).
But for some reason the Semitic roots in Russian Empire was forbidden to see.
That is, one could see the roots - from a language 3 thousand years ago.
But relatively “young” Arabs do not have “Arab” roots.
Fifth rule: There are strokes of Persian and Urdu that are not Arabic, but are part of this culture.
How to find in these languages - an analogue for the letters "ch", "p", "zh", "ng".
show how the Russian letter "ch" is derived from the Persian one.
Sixth rule.
To learn a language you need practice.
beautiful handwriting is in itself a reason to be proud.
After 10 conscious writings, a person automatically remembers everything.
Paper, pencil, sharpener - and as in childhood - through copybooks.
Seventh rule:
What frightens us in Arabic studies is the multiplicity of spellings for the same letter. initial, final, middle, separate. But these are just the principles of adding a letter.
As in the Georgian joke:
Vilka - bottle - written without a soft sign,
salt beans - with soft
It’s impossible to understand - you have to believe in it...
Here it is worth telling an anecdote that all Russians who have lived in Arab countries for a long time know about.
When “another Arab” decides to learn Russian, he spends several days learning the Russian alphabet, in the process of learning which he annoys everyone around him. Who can hardly tolerate his senseless tediousness. we know that the Russian language must be taught differently. And those who change the way they study achieve success in it. But - Arabic really needs to be learned, starting with letters - and going from the roots of words - to more complex meanings.
And to oral language- It is advisable to go through writing.
sometimes you think that those who developed methods for teaching children English and French went through the “torture of Semitic languages.” Because you can see the “ears” of other methods that are poorly suited for European languages.
Eighth rule:
Three-letter roots - and uniform rules of word formation in the language. Using the example of KTB (?)
Articles (as in Latin and Spanish)
kataba - he wrote.
yaktub - he writes
maktub - office,
kAAtib - writer.
How to find “Roman roots” in the words Murom, Murmansk, Army, Perm, Kostroma - according to what rules.
How these rules can be used in life.
Tell us about Morocco and the Maghreb dialect...
Congratulations on this important decision! You are determined to learn Arabic, but how to choose a method? Which book should you choose to study and how can you start “speaking” as quickly as possible? We have prepared a guide for you modern courses and methods of learning Arabic.
First, decide on the goal for which you need to learn Arabic. Do you want to study works on Sharia sciences without waiting for translation? Understand the Koran in the original? Or maybe you are planning to visit an Arabic-speaking country? Are you planning to attract new partners to your business?
It's one thing if you need to learn a language for simple everyday situations to communicate at the airport, in a store or hotel, and another if you plan to read books by early scholars in the original.
Definition ultimate goal- Very important stage to make your learning most effective. Learning a language is a long and difficult journey, and clear understanding motivation for learning a language will help you not give up in the middle of the journey.
Arabic alphabet
Whatever goal you set for yourself, start by learning the alphabet. Many people try to skip this step, relying on the transliteration of Arabic words. But sooner or later you still have to return to this step, and you will also have to relearn the words that you have already memorized. It's better to start right away with the basics. At first, when learning the alphabet, difficulties may arise, but then you will see that it will not take much time. Also, do not forget about developing your writing skills, buy or print copybooks and try to study them regularly and write as many Arabic words as possible. It is reading syllables and writing that will help you learn letters in different positions. Of course, it will be bad at first, and it will take time for you to get used to the writing method, but with a little effort you will learn to write Arabic text.
Practice pronouncing letters more, even in a whisper. Our articulatory apparatus You need to get used to new positions, and the more you repeat, the faster you will learn.
Choosing to Study Islamic Sciences
To prepare for understanding and reading Arabic-language literature, and Sharia books in particular, in addition to vocabulary, it is necessary to master the grammar of the language. A good choice would be Dr. AbdurRahim's Medina course. Despite the fact that there is little vocabulary, the course is very global and systematic in terms of grammar and provides gradual learning for the student. The main advantage of the Medina course is a clear system of presenting material without dry formal statements of rules. “Ajurrumia” is practically dissolved in it and, with stable training, by the end of the second volume you will have half of the basic grammar in your head.
But the Medina course requires additional effort to gain vocabulary. There are many to it additional materials– like taabir or qiraa (small reading aids), and any aids for strengthening vocabulary or listening skills. For maximum effective learning The Medina course should be taken comprehensively, or additionally take a course that is aimed at developing reading and speech, such as Al-Arabiya Bayna Yadeyk.
Choice for spoken language
To develop communication skills good choice will become the course of Al-Arabiya Bayna Yadeik or Ummul-Qura (al-Kitab ul-Asasiy). The study of Al-Arabiya Bayna Yadeyk is more common, the emphasis in the course is on speaking practice. The big advantage is that from the first lessons you can learn the necessary simple communication phrases, practice the pronunciation of letters. Special attention is given to listening. This course was written for foreigners who came to work in Saudi Arabia, and is designed in such a way that the student can “painlessly” type lexicon and speak Arabic. Having completed the first volume, you will be able to speak correctly on simple everyday topics, distinguish Arabic speech by ear, and write.
In the future, when studying these courses, you must additionally take grammar. For example, after finishing the second volume, you can additionally take the Ajurumia course.
How to replenish your vocabulary
One of the problems faced by students of any foreign language– insufficient vocabulary. There are many ways to learn new words, and they are also effective for Arabic. Of course the most The best way learn words - remember them in context. Read more books in Arabic and in initial stage short stories and dialogues, underlining and highlighting new words. You can write them out and paste them around the house, you can put them in special applications, allowing you to learn words anywhere (such as Memrise), simply by writing them into the dictionary. In any case, set aside at least 30 minutes to repeat the words.
When pronouncing a word, imagine it in the most colorful way, or use illustration cards - this way you will use several parts of the brain at once. Describe the word for yourself, draw parallels and create logical chains - how more connections creates your brain, the faster the word will be remembered.
Use the words you have learned in conversation. This is the most effective method, and the most natural. Make up sentences with new words, pronounce them as often as possible, and of course, don’t forget to repeat recently learned words.
Developing auditory skills
Particular attention should be paid to developing the ability to understand Arabic speech by ear. Do not neglect listening, practice shows that many people can read and understand, but not everyone can understand what the interlocutor said. To do this, no matter how trivial it may sound, you need to listen to more audio materials. You can find enough on the net small stories, stories and dialogues in Arabic, many of them supported by text or subtitles. Many resources offer you a short test at the end to check how much you understand what you read.
Listen to it as many times as necessary, over and over again, and you will notice that you will understand more and more each time. Try to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context, and then check the meaning of the words in a dictionary. Don’t forget to write down new words in order to learn them in the future. The more vocabulary you have, the easier it will be for you to understand speech.
What to do if almost nothing is clear? Perhaps you took too difficult material. Start with the simplest, no need to immediately take complex audios, which are intended more for those who are fluent in the language. Choose speakers who speak clearly and clearly, in simple literary language.
Consistency is important in developing listening skills. You need to study more and not despair, even if it seems that you understand almost nothing. With vocabulary replenishment and constant practice you will begin to distinguish words more and more, and then understand Arabic speech in the original.
Let's start talking
You need to start talking as early as possible. You shouldn’t wait until you have a large enough vocabulary, the most simple dialogues You can start building after the first lessons. Let them be banal, but do not neglect the development of speaking skills and diction. Communicate with your relatives and classmates on different topics. Didn't find your partner? You can talk to yourself in front of a mirror, the main thing is to introduce new learned words into your speech, transfer them from the “passive” vocabulary to the “active” one. Memorize set expressions and try to use them as often as possible.
Additionally, take tongue twisters, pronouncing them is an excellent simple method of improving diction. What is it for? Our organs speech apparatus They are used to pronouncing their native sounds, and the Arabic language has a lot of specifics. That's why good decision will be along with measured reading, speaking practice, from time to time practice pronouncing Arabic tongue twisters. As a nice bonus, this will help you get rid of your accent faster.
Letter
The further you go in learning Arabic, the more you will have to write. For example, already in the second volume of the Medina course, there are up to 20 assignments in a lesson, 10-15 pages long. By practicing in a timely manner, you will greatly facilitate your learning process in the future. Write down every day what you have learned, all new words and sentences. Prescribe even those exercises that are assigned for reading or oral performance. If vocabulary and basic knowledge grammars allow you to describe what happened to you during the day, invent and write down new dialogues.
By developing these skills, you approach learning Arabic from all angles - and this is the most effective method. Don't forget about constant learning and diligence on your part. Even the most progressive methods don't work on their own. To learn a language you just need to study. Of course there are more and less effective methods– for example, by learning a language with a native speaker, especially in an Arab country, you will begin to speak faster, because such classes take place with complete immersion in language environment. But by studying at home, choosing the most effective methods that have been developed over the years, you can achieve good results.
After finishing 10th grade at summer holidays I went to Dagestan. Usually you are constantly surrounded by relatives there. But one day I was left in Makhachkala, left to my own devices. And he went for a walk around the city. This was probably my first independent walk through a foreign city. I walked along Gamidov Avenue towards the mountains. And suddenly, I saw a sign “Islamic shop”. No matter how strange it may seem, my first acquisition in Dagestan was an Arabic script.
Arriving at my uncle's house, I opened it. There were all types of writing letters and their pronunciation was explained in relation to the Dagestan alphabet “The letter ع approximately corresponds to the Arabic gI”, “The letter ح is similar to the Avar xI”. Together with ظ, these were the most difficult letters for me, because... it was hard to imagine how to pronounce them, and the others were mostly in my language. So I began to learn to read Arabic on my own. An ordinary Russian teenager, far from religion. Then I went to my grandfather’s mountain village. It was an eventful time adolescence when you try a lot for the first time. Along with all this, I tried to learn Arabic. What moved me when I bought this recipe is still mystical for me.
I recently found my first attempts to write in Arabic, which I began just that summer in the village with my grandfather. (If you click on the screenshots, they should enlarge. The spectacle is not for the faint of heart, I warn you).
Then, already in my 4th year at university, I started doing namaz, started going to the mosque, and met Muslims. One Friday in the mosque I said hello to one of my friends:
Assalamu alaikum! How are you? What are you doing?
- Wa alaikumu piss! Alhamdulillah. Here, I’m studying Arabic.
- How do you study? Are there any courses?
- No, on your own, using the textbook “Learn to read the Koran in Arabic.”
Then this brother went to Kazan to study and there he got new textbooks, and he sold Lebedev’s books “Learn to Read the Koran in Arabic” to me for 500 rubles when he returned from Kazan on his first vacation.
I worked as a night security guard in a store and took this book with me on duty. I started reading it in my free moments between the fights of the local drunks and until I fell asleep. As soon as I started getting acquainted with the book, I thought: “Subhanallah, this Arabic language is so easy to learn.”
My delight knew no bounds. I finished the first book in a month. I didn’t even memorize the words there - I just carefully studied the new rules and read the exercises for them.
Then I got my hands on another textbook (I already wrote about it in the post “A pencil that writes in the brain”). I began to simply study a lesson a day (they are very small). I simply learned new words in the morning - and then repeated them all day (on the bus, while walking, etc.) After a couple of months, I already knew almost 60 lessons by heart - all the words and figures of speech that were found in them.
After 2 months of classes, I was visiting an Arab and was surprised to discover that I could communicate in Arabic without speaking a word in Russian!!! It started out as a joke. I said hello in Arabic and my friend answered. Then I asked something else and he answered in Arabic again. And when the dialogue began, it was as if there was no turning back. It was as if we didn’t know Russian. My knees were shaking with happiness.
Previously, I needed to learn the Koran “photographically” - stupidly remember the order of all the letters in words. For example, it took me several days to memorize Surah An-Nas. And after I have learned the basics of grammar, I can read Krachkovsky’s translation and the Arabic text of the verse once (comparing each Arabic word translation), repeat a couple of times - and the verse is remembered. If you go through a small surah like this (like An-Naba “The Message”). After half an hour of studying, I can look at Krachkovsky’s translation and read the sura in Arabic (essentially from memory). The most difficult thing is usually to remember the order of the verses.
My tragedy is that having learned to read (it took about two months on my own and haphazardly), I simply could not imagine that it was possible to spend the same amount of time learning the basics of grammar and, if you make an effort and develop an active vocabulary, you can speak Arabic very soon.
The most a big problem for many people is that they think of language as impregnable fortress, the assault and siege of which will take many years. And only after that you will master it. In fact, learning a language is better thought of as a small cottage that you build piece by piece. Having studied basic grammar (changing verbs according to persons and tenses, changing cases, etc. - this is a brochure of 40 pages in length) - consider that you have laid the foundation. Next, an opportunity arose - we built a room where we could live and moved there. Then - the kitchen. Then they built a living room, a children's room, and all the other rooms. I saw how houses were built in this way in Dagestan. Instead of renting an apartment, they buy an inexpensive plot of land, pour the foundation and build at least one room where they move. And then, as far as possible, they continue to build the house on the already poured foundation.
If suddenly someone wants to follow my path, which I consider optimal for those who do it mainly on their own, for example, in their free time from their main studies or work, I have prepared a selection of materials (now they have become more accessible and better).
→ (self-instruction book on reading and writing with voiceover of each word and many tips)
2. Basics of grammar. To study grammar, it is better to arm yourself with many books and choose the one that suits you best. The same rule can be given in different words V different books- so it's possible unclear moments consider with different sides. Start with one book and download others as needed.
→ Lebedev. Learn to read the Koran in Arabic - an unobtrusive explanation of the basics of grammar using the example of verses from the Koran (I personally went through the first volume. I hated studying foreign languages all my life, but I read this book as fiction, and I realized that Arabic is my language).
→ - a condensed 40 pages covers all the basics ( short summary any textbook).
→ . A new thorough textbook, containing the basics of grammar with numerous examples, as well as the basics of morphology. Very accessible language and gentle volume.
→ (I haven’t tried it myself, but I’ve heard reviews from friends).
→ (Classics of the genre. Usually it is used as a reference book where you can find any question on grammar).
I think these books should be enough to spare. If you are not satisfied, google Kuzmina, Ibragimov, Frolova and others.
3. Develop an active vocabulary.
→ . - read the preface to this book carefully and you will understand everything. I actually lived with this book for several months until I learned 100 lessons (I wrote about this in the article “A pencil that writes into the brain”). If you repeat “my feat”, you will feel your closeness with Arab world- jokes aside.
4. Language practice.
→ Get to know the Arabs, try to communicate with them. For example, you can look for students in the mosque who have just arrived in Russia and speak Russian poorly. If you are hospitable and not intrusive, you can develop very warm and friendly relations. You can learn the language directly from a native speaker.
→ Learn to type in Arabic (). This way you can Google materials that interest you, your favorite nasheeds on YouTube, etc. You will be able to plunge into the Arabic Internet, participate in their forums, discussions, make friends on FaceBook, etc.
You can bookmark the second part of the article, here is the link
Arabic is currently the most widespread of the group of Semitic languages and belongs to its southern branch. The Arabic language reached the peak of its perfection with the revelation of the final Divine Scripture, the Holy Quran, before the beauty and greatness of which many word experts of that time bowed. The Almighty Lord announces:
“We have brought it down with the Qur'an in Arabic, in which there is not the slightest defect. Perhaps piety before God will awaken in the hearts of people” (see:).
Modern literary Arabic, the result of the gradual development of classical Arabic, is widespread in many countries around the world, total number whose population exceeds 100 million people.
Along with literary Arabic, which is a single and common state language In all Arab countries, there are also local Arabic dialects. In contrast literary language, uniting not only all Arabs, but also educated Muslims of the world, dialects and dialects have a narrow local, territorial significance.
Phonetically, literary Arabic is characterized by an extensive system of consonantal phonemes, especially glottal, emphatic and interdental. There are six vowel phonemes: three short and three long.
IN grammatically Arabic, like other Semitic languages, is characterized by a significant development of inflection and belongs to the group of inflectional languages. At the heart of each grammatical form lies a three-consonant (less often four-consonant) root. The formation of words occurs mainly due to the internal structural change of the word.
Arabic letter
The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters, displaying only consonant sounds in writing. There are no special letters for writing vowel sounds in Arabic writing. But due to the fact that the Arabic language distinguishes between short and long vowels, some letters used to write consonants are used to convey long vowels in writing. Short vowels are conveyed in writing using vowels.
Thus, the system Arabic script is based on the written representation of only consonant sounds, and the vowels that make up the word are filled in by the reader during the reading process, depending on the meaning of the word and its role in the sentence.
The letters of the Arabic alphabet are characterized by the fact that each of them has, depending on its position in the word, several styles: independent, initial, middle and final. The nature of writing a letter depends on whether it is connected on both sides with parts of this word or only on the right.
Of the 28 letters of the alphabet, 22 are connected on both sides and have four forms of writing, and the remaining 6 are only on the right, having only two forms of writing.
Based on the nature of the writing of the basic elements, most letters of the Arabic alphabet can be combined into several groups. Letters of the same group have the same descriptive “skeleton” and differ from each other only in the presence and location of the so-called diacritic points. Letters either have no dots at all, or have one, two or three dots, which may appear above or below the letter. Letters are connected to each other using connecting bars.
The printed and written styles of the letters of the Arabic alphabet are not fundamentally different. There are no capital letters in the Arabic alphabet.
Vocalizations
The Arabic writing system provides for the transmission of only consonants and long vowels. Short vowels are not depicted in writing. However, to clarify the nature of short vowels in certain cases, for example, in Holy Quran, prophetic legends, textbooks, they are indicated using special subscript or superscript characters called vowels.
The vowel is placed above or below the letter indicating the consonant sound. There are three vowels in Arabic:
− “Fatha”
The vowel “fatha” is placed above the letter in the form of an oblique dash َ_ and conveys the short vowel sound [a]. For example: بَ [ba], شَ [sha].
− “Kyasra”
The vowel “kasra” is placed under the letter in the form of an oblique dash ـِ and conveys the short vowel [i]. For example: بِ [bi], شِ [shi].
− "Damma"
The vowel “damma” is placed above the comma-shaped letter ـُ and conveys the short vowel [у]. For example: بُ [bu], شُ [shu].
− "Sukun"
The absence of a vowel sound after a consonant is indicated by a symbol called a “sukun”. “Sukun” is written as ـْ and placed above the letter. For example: بَتْ [baht], بِتْ [bit], بُتْ [but].
Additional symbols in Arabic include the “shadda” sign, indicating the doubling of a consonant sound. "Shadda" is written as Russian capital letter"sh". For example: بَبَّ [bubba], بَتِّ [batti]
Transcription
Due to the fact that in Arabic between the system of depicting words in writing and their sound composition there is a significant difference in practical purposes resort to so-called transcription. Transcription is the transmission of the sounds of a language using accepted conventional signs or letters of the same or another language, equipped, if necessary, with additional symbols.
In this textbook, the Russian language is used as transcription marks for Arabic sounds. To depict those sounds that do not exist in the Russian language, some Russian letters are equipped with additional icons: a dash and a dot under the letter. A dash indicates an interdental consonant, and a dot indicates a hard sound.
Learn Arabic on your own: is it possible at home?
Difficulties in learning Arabic
It is easier to learn than other European languages, but has its own nuances that are not always clear to Russian people. Those who begin to study it gradually face the following difficulties:
1. Arabic script (writing). For beginners, such an alphabet appears to be an interweaving of intricate patterns connected to each other. At first, the direction of writing from right to left is surprising.
2. Pronunciation of sounds. There are several groups of them, which to many people sound the same. For example, in Arabic there are three letters that sound similar to the Russian “S”.
3. Meanings of words. The question of how to learn Arabic from scratch will disappear if you read more, watch movies and listen to songs in it. However, remember that each word can have several meanings.
How to learn Arabic from scratch: tips.
How to learn Arabic on your own?
This language is divided into 3 types: classical, colloquial and modern.
If a person has an interest in Islam, it is better for him to learn the first one, since the Koran is written in it. The second is suitable for those who want to live with these people. The third is the standard one, which is spoken by all Muslims. In order to master it perfectly, certain steps will be required.
1. Find a tutor in this language and take 2-3 lessons from him. Experienced teacher will show how speech should sound correctly.
2. Memorize the Arabic alphabet. Buy a notebook and write daily different letters. This will help you remember them over time.
3. Watch special video tutorials online. This way they train articulation and monitor pronunciation.
4. Practice listening – perceive someone else’s speech by ear. Listen to CDs with easy lyrics and try to understand what they say.
How long does it take to learn Arabic? Positive result will not appear immediately, but only after daily training in writing letters and pronouncing words.