The chin is located at the bottom of the face and is one of the main components that determines its shape. In turn, the shape of the chin depends on the lateral angle of the lower jaw and is determined by the degree of development of the base of the “mental triangle” - the elevation in the anterior part of the mental area (Fig. 43).
Rice. 43 Width of the chin triangle: a- narrow chin,
b- wide chin
If the angle of the lower jaw is more than 125 degrees and the “chin triangle” is sharp, the lower part of the face belongs to the narrow variants (triangular or oval). If the angle of the lower jaw is closer to straight (less than 125 degrees), then the chin belongs to the wide variants (rectangular or rounded) (Fig. 44).
Rice. 44 Chin Shape Options
The chin is separated from the lower lip by the chin-labial groove. This is a short and distinct depression, clearly visible in males.
The chin is separated from the chin area, located on the neck, under the lower jaw, between its base and the hyoid bone, by the mental groove. It passes under the edge of the lower jaw and conveys its transverse groove. This configuration is clearly visible in thin people and is almost always noticeable in older people, as well as with a slight tilt of the head. In older people, a fold forms, sometimes double, this is the so-called “double chin.” The chin is separated from the cheeks by a thin fold (mentiobuccal groove), which is slightly convex from the side. It may not be present at a young age, but becomes noticeable over time, especially in older people. In women and young people, the chin has a regular, convex, slightly rounded shape. In men, the chin is often massive, wide, flat and protruding.
On the convexity of the front surface of the chin there is often a dimple or a vertical groove. Their presence is associated with the direct adherence of the skin to the bone structure (Fig. 45c, d).
Rice. 45 Varieties of chins
Chins have their own characteristics based on race. The peoples of Australia have a wide, square chin, and the jaw protrudes slightly. Polynesians have a massive lower jaw and an upturned chin. In representatives of the Negroid race, the chin, unlike the lips, protrudes slightly, while in Mongoloids it is practically absent. The population of the American continent is characterized by a protruding, well-defined chin. For the peoples of the Mediterranean, there is also a protruding chin and a high lower jaw, like the inhabitants of England, Iceland, Denmark and the northern part of Germany. The peoples of the Iranian group have a low lower jaw, the inhabitants of Scandinavia have a pointed chin, a wide and low jaw. A low and narrow jaw, with an upturned and high chin, is characteristic of the Adriatic population. A small chin is typical among people in India and northeastern Africa.
The chin is important for facial expression and, according to physiognomists, a fleshy, full, wide, upturned and protruding chin is considered favorable. According to the Chinese, such a chin is a “gift from the gods,” and indicates increased sexuality and the unyielding will of its owner. A rectangular chin speaks of stubbornness, and a pointed chin speaks of inner kindness. A short, narrow and sloping chin is considered unfavorable. Favorable for women is a full, rounded, slightly protruding, and, preferably, cleft chin.
A tender, fleshy and rounded chin is a sign of sensuality and weakness, while small, unpointed chins are characteristic of timid people. A flattened chin accompanies a cold and dry nature, with refined feelings. A chin slanted backward suggests prudence, prudence and caution (Fig. 45e). A strongly protruding chin, as a rule, is characteristic of decisive, strong-willed and stubborn people, with inflated self-esteem (Fig. 45e).
A wide chin is a sign of pride, arrogance, and sometimes rudeness and cruelty (Fig. 45a); a sharp chin symbolizes the wit and some cunning of a person (Fig. 45b).
A flat, steep chin, according to physiognomists, indicates a cold-blooded phlegmatic person (Fig. 45g), a fleshy double chin (Fig. 45h) indicates a balanced, sensual life-lover who is not indifferent to food.
A rounded chin with a dimple is evidence of kindness and an adornment of Russian beauties from museums and art galleries (Fig. 45c).
Prudence and composure are revealed in a person with a deep vertical fold of the chin (Fig. 45d); such people tend to think through each action several steps ahead; they are reasonable, but prone to solitude.
The shape and type of the face is complemented by its lateral parts - cheeks. They are in proportional dependence with other parts of the face and determine its general configuration and constitutional type. Thus, sunken, lean cheeks are typical for melancholic people, while round-faced phlegmatic people are characterized by round ones. Smooth, beautifully contoured cheeks indicate a person’s sensuality, tenderness and generosity. Parallel folds on a young face when smiling are considered a sign of frivolity, but dimples on the cheeks, such as those of People’s Artist Vera Vasilyeva, characterize sociability, kindness, and a slight irony of the character of their owner.
Hair is not an element of the face, but it plays a big role in shaping not only the external appearance of the face and head, but also has a certain significance as a physiognomic feature. They can be hard and soft, straight and curly, curly and fluffy. The quality of hair is determined by genetic predisposition; it contains important information about a person’s life and largely reflects his destiny.
Depending on the type of carotene pigment they contain, they can be dark (brunettes), chestnut (brown-haired), blond (blond), light brown and, less often, red.
Back in the 12th-13th centuries, astrologers tried to determine a person’s character by their hair. In their opinion: smooth, soft, straight and blond hair is a sign of a timid and peace-loving person, and the owner of thick curly hair is a restless, simple-minded and wasteful person.
According to ancient Chinese and modern physiognomists, coarse hair indicates a violent temperament, and thin hair is a sign of softness. In China, those born with red hair are predicted to have an early death and bad luck in life, but the natural exception to this rule is dyed and permed hair.
Owners of straight, bright, soft and shiny hair are considered to be carriers of a favorable sign, but the color, type, thickness and condition of the hair must be considered from the point of view of ethnicity. Thus, residents of cold and temperate climates have predominantly blond hair, while people in the subtropical and tropical zones often have dark hair color. A modern physiognomist, the Italian A. Reposi, who has dark hair, nevertheless came to the conclusion that dark, straight, coarse and thick hair is characteristic of people who are not very spiritually developed, but who are hardworking and clean. Blonde hair, in his opinion, is more common in people with a gentle disposition (sanguine and phlegmatic people) and capable of learning.
Curly hair is considered a sign of increased sexuality, temperament and cunning of its owner, but they are sociable people and good conversationalists.
People with coarse hair, although they carry an unfavorable sign, are sincere, honest, open and not prone to deception.
In contrast to the existing idea of the beauty of hair based on its density, from the point of view of physiognomists, sparse rather than thick hair is considered a favorable sign.
Hair type in men and women has a different combination of meanings that characterize human nature. Thus, men with dark straight hair have a commitment to order and the habit of relying only on their own strength. They are pedantic, but often boring. Men with dark curly hair lack cunning, are jealous, are not indifferent to the weaker sex and are temperamental. A person with such hair is often choleric or sanguine.
Women with dark straight hair are more temperamental than men and they change moods faster. A woman’s dark and curly hair reveals her stubbornness in achieving her goals, often using cunning.
Men with blond and straight hair are more phlegmatic by temperament. They are not characterized by impulsiveness and with a firm belief in the idea - they pursue it persistently, purposefully, and sometimes with fanaticism and cruelty. Such men are prone to pride and selfishness. Blonde wavy hair is characteristic of romantic natures. These curly-haired blondes easily get along with people, are the life of the party, but in addition to their charm, they have an eccentric character.
Women with blond and straight hair are considered spiritual and dreamy natures; they are slightly phlegmatic and often weak-willed. The precious frame of a beautiful face is light wavy hair, often belonging to delicate, romantic and easily vulnerable natures. Strong personalities, both male and female, are identified by light, thick and coarse hair.
At different times, red hair was considered a good sign, but more often an evil sign. In ancient times, because of their “devilish devilry” and supposedly witchcraft powers, red-haired girls with curly hair ended up at the stake. Nowadays, this is a sign of increased attention not only to the unusual hair color, but also to the inherent strong-willed qualities and extraordinary mentality of their owners.
For red-haired men, a characteristic feature is their good nature and shyness, but in combination with thin lips and a hooked nose, they appear to be malicious and cunning people.
If it is necessary to change their appearance, and sometimes the entire way of their previous life, women begin these changes with their hair: changing its color, length, styling. This fact proves the influence and significance of the external “crown” of the face on its configuration, proportions, expressiveness and perception. The most beautiful wig on a mannequin’s head cannot be compared in perception to a similar hairstyle of a girl beaming with happiness, expressing her inner sublime state.
It is believed that long, flowing hair is worn by romantic, dreamy people, tied into a ponytail - purposeful and energetic. Sentimentality and some coquetry are revealed by long, curled hair.
Pretentious and intricate hairstyles are preferred by girls who do not want to put up with the routine of life, who love variety and want to stand out.
Girls prefer short haircuts to a sporty style of clothing, and men hide their conservatism with a short haircut combed back or to the right side. A clear parting emphasizes strength of character, prudence and caution.
Artistic “chaos” on the head and tousled hair reveal the cheerful disposition of a good-natured guy, and a crew cut indicates a stubborn guy.
Long hair on the head is characteristic of spiritualized individuals, and hair collected at the back of the head in a bun is characteristic of arrogant men prone to narcissism.
It should be noted that the main purpose of the hairstyle is to give the face proportionality, expressiveness, and attractiveness, but it should not distract from the perception of especially beautiful parts of the face and smooth out visual imperfections. Skillful hair styling can hide a girl’s high forehead, wide or elongated face configuration, smooth out a protruding chin or sloping forehead.
With age, the volume, color, thickness and condition of the hair on the head changes, gray hair and baldness appear. In Chinese physiognomy, signs of thick hair and early baldness are considered unfavorable. The reason for these changes is the aging of the endocrine system and changes in the production of sex hormones. The first signs of graying appear on the beard, mustache or temples at the age of 40-45, by the age of 50 the scalp hair turns gray, and at the age of 60-80 - the eyebrows. Gray hair is formed as a result of the disappearance of pigment and the appearance of air bubbles.
Limited vegetation is characteristic only of humans; in other mammals, the entire head is covered with hair. A person has clear boundaries, the so-called hair growth lines - on the forehead and in the lower part of the occipital region. The skin on which hair grows is divided into two areas - central and peripheral. The latter is located in the form of a crown, the contour of which is determined by the hairline. Its shape is purely individual: in front the contour can be almost rectangular, concave, convex towards the forehead (more often found in women), it can consist of two halves, and be far from the forehead, it can have the shape of the letter “M”.
On each side of the head, the hairline is a curve bent forward, encircling the temple, the auricle and reaching the mastoid process of the temporal bone. In men, in a short area in front of the ear, the hair may join the beard. In women, hair does not grow beyond the zygomatic arches (Fig. 46).
Rice. 46 Hair growth zone in men
It is estimated that there are approximately 100,000 hairs on the head of an adult man (blonds have more), that is, there are about 300 hairs on every square centimeter. The lifespan of hair is from 3 to 5 years, and depends on race, gender, individual characteristics and health status. Having reached a certain length (hair grows by 10-20 centimeters per year), the hair loses its vitality and the bulb atrophies. The old hair falls out and new hair begins to form in the same follicle.
Final hair loss (baldness) is a consequence of heredity and hormonal disorders. Racial characteristics also play an important role: for example, representatives of the Negroid and Mongoloid races are practically not at risk of baldness.
Rice. 47 Stages of baldness (Hamilton scale)
The beginning of the appearance of bald patches from the forehead is considered a favorable sign among the Chinese, and from the center of the head (crown) is considered an unfavorable sign.
Facial hair (mustache and beard) is largely determined by gender and race. In men, its presence is considered a secondary sexual characteristic. Representatives of the Caucasian race, compared to dark-skinned and yellow-skinned people, have more abundant hair and are characteristic of the cheeks, chin and area above the upper lip (mustache). Hair growing on the ears with age is considered a sign of longevity and intelligence, but not a sign of perseverance. A beard is a symbol of masculinity, and the tougher it is, the sexier and more energetic the man.
The lateral surfaces of the face determine the cheekbones, angles of the lower jaw and cheeks, which in turn determines the shape of the person’s face and head (Fig. 48).
Rice. 48 Face Shapes
Expressiveness zygomatic bones, like the narrow shape of the eyes, are characteristic of the Mongoloid race and some East Asian peoples. In ancient China, cheekbones were considered “bones of strength and power” and served as an indicator of the level of power. By their expression they judged a person’s power qualities and the level of a person’s political, military and financial abilities.
The cheeks occupy the lateral parts of the face, have a plastic structure and consist of three layers: skin, subcutaneous and muscle. The overall configuration of the face depends on the degree of their expression and development.
In people of normal build, the cheeks have a regular, slightly convex shape. In overweight people they are fleshy, in thin people, on the contrary, they are sunken in the middle part; the contrast with the clearly defined outlines of the cheekbone and lower jaw is clearly visible.
The contour of the zygomatic bone depends on individual and racial characteristics. High and prominent cheekbones give the face a flat appearance. In obese people, adipose tissue smoothes out the contours of the cheekbones. In older and thin people, the cheekbones stand out noticeably; this impression is reinforced by the depression in the area of the canine fossa.
The nasomental fold, which appears to a greater or lesser extent when smiling and laughing, connects the side surface of the nose with the cheek; it runs along the wing of the nose in an oblique downward and sideways direction. Its depth is individual, but on a moving face it becomes constant over time.
In older people, additional folds and grooves may appear, which is associated with loss of skin elasticity and age-related changes in the subcutaneous layer. They can go along or across the main folds: nasolabial, chin-labial and chin.
The zygomatic arch runs in a horizontal direction: from the zygomatic bone to the tragus and temporomandibular joint and determines the width of the face. In ancient China it was called “horse bone,” and the owners of such bones were predicted to have longevity and great military and state power. Prominent representatives of these prophecies were: Chiang Kai-shek and Deng Xiaoping. In obese and young people it is not noticeable, but in thin and elderly people it is clearly outlined.
The posterior section of the cheek imperceptibly passes into the ear-maxillary region, which has a rectangular shape. At the top it is limited by the zygomatic arch, at the back - the posterior edge of the branch of the lower jaw, at the bottom - the base of the lower jaw, near the cheek - the anterior edge of the masticatory muscle.
The skin covering the face, compared to the skin of other parts of the body, is thinner, but firm and elastic. Skin color depends on the presence of the coloring pigment melanin and is divided into three types: light, medium and dark. Each type has pinkish, light brown, yellowish shades; on average - olive yellow and in the dark type - variants of brown and reddish shades. There are achromatic (colorless) and chromatic (color) colors. All colors differ from each other in lightness, tone, saturation, and are divided into warm - with an admixture of yellowness (the color of fire) and cold - with an admixture of blue (the color of ice). The color tone depends on the skin texture, which reflects the light flux differently and affects the color perception of the face. The relief of the skin is determined by the number and size of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous and sweat glands and the mouths of the hair follicles. According to these characteristics, porous, slightly porous and smooth skin is distinguished. Smooth skin reflects more light and is perceived as lighter, porous skin scatters light and is perceived as darker.
The presence of a sharp chin in a woman speaks volumes. In general, such women are highly intelligent, but have a completely unstable mood.
Ladies with sharp chins are very sensitive, but they can also spread gossip about other people and even be extremely treacherous!
However, the presence of a sharp chin in a woman affects all areas of life. Below they are discussed in more detail.
Professional activity
Those with sharp chins are unanimously recognized as excellent employees. It is these women who are able to make the right decision with lightning speed. Perhaps this was the reason why ladies with a similar type of chin easily occupy high positions when engaged in public activities.
Society and relationships
A woman with a sharp chin should never be left alone. Loneliness is a difficult test for her. These ladies need to satisfy the need to communicate with other people every day; they are directly drawn to places where there is an audience and continuous movement.
It has been noticed that those with sharp chins have a good sense of supernatural phenomena. This gift can bring certain benefits to its owner if she trusts him
Personal life
Women with this type of chin have poor control over their own feelings and emotions, so in their personal lives they constantly encounter problems. For example, a woman with a sharp chin is desperately jealous of her man because he is having a nice conversation with a certain girl, seeing in this not just flirting, but a whole betrayal.
Such women are very frivolous in their personal lives. They can easily enter into a marriage that they will regret very soon. This is all due to emotionality and instability of character.
Character and behavior
Girls with a sharp chin know exactly what they want. If her parents or friends give her advice, she will listen to them with respect, but in the end she will do what she intended.
Such women have a wonderful sense of humor; they can easily play pranks on their close acquaintances, make jokes on the topic in a company, or dispel boredom at a meeting. Friends of such women enjoy spending time with them, knowing about their unsurpassed humorous talents.
Most owners of sharp chins are prone to adventurism; they easily hide the results of their cunning and treachery. Of course, the character of such women is very peculiar, but this is more than compensated by the incredibly pretty appearance of women with a sharp chin.
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The shape of a person’s chin speaks of his strength, independence and temperament. There is a direct dependence of character on the chin: the rougher and more significant the chin on the face, the more dynamic, stubborn and tough a person’s character.
From the book Reading Faces. Physiognomy author Schwartz TheodorProtruding chin A protruding chin often speaks of the cruelty and stubbornness of its owner (Fig. 3.9). Rice. 3.9. Protruding chin Such people, as a rule, are accustomed to achieving their goals by any available and inaccessible means, sometimes without stopping
From the author's bookLong and sharp chin A long and sharp chin (Fig. 3.11) is often added to cunning fairy-tale characters. Rice. 3.11. Long and sharp chin And not by chance. Such people stand out from others, on the one hand, by their insightful mind, on the other, by their cunning and
From the author's bookWeakly defined chin A weakly defined, almost invisible chin (Fig. 3.12) is often called weak-willed. And for good reason. According to physiognomic characteristics, it indicates a soft, timid, indecisive and nervous nature. What actions can be expressed in
From the author's bookFleshy chin A fleshy chin (Fig. 3.13) indicates intelligence, sensuality and strong character. No wonder the classic portrait of a thug - with a fleshy square chin. Such people are fighters by nature. Rice. 3.13. Fleshy chinReally significant
From the author's bookStrong-willed chin A strong-willed chin is usually called a chin that looks like it is bent upward (Fig. 3.14). Its owners are persistent in achieving their goals and at the same time possess such qualities as cunning, determination and inconstancy. Rice. 3.14. Strong-willed chinThe heavier
From the author's bookCleft chin A cleft chin (Fig. 3.15) characterizes people who are fickle and amorous. Rice. 3.15. Cleft chinDespite their passionate nature, such people very often strive for solitude and peace. In their views and beliefs they are slightly
From the author's bookIf you dream of a forehead or chin... Seeing a high, beautiful forehead in a dream promises respect and a good reputation, which will be achieved thanks to your prudence and desire for justice. A low forehead warns of danger, of what you will need to collect
From the author's bookChin and jaw A mole on a man’s chin indicates his domineering and despotic character. Such people are accustomed to setting specific goals for themselves and achieving them just as specifically. Why do they not neglect any means. Sometimes people with a mole on