Tatiana Skryagina
Prominent people of Kuban. Part 1
Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko
(1920 – 1994)
Flight commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front). Guard lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was born on December 1, 1920 in Krasnodar into a working-class family. She graduated from high school in Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Territory, and studied at the airship-building institute (hereinafter Moscow Aviation Technology Institute).
E. A. Zhigulenko graduated from the pilot school at the Moscow flying club. She was in the Red Army from October 1941. In 1942, she graduated from navigator courses at the Military Aviation School of Pilots and advanced training courses for pilots.
She was on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from May 1942, by November 1944 she made 773 night combat sorties, inflicting great damage on the enemy in manpower and equipment.
While still a schoolgirl, Zhenya decided to complete two classes in a year. I spent the whole summer studying textbooks and successfully passed my exams. From seventh grade - straight to ninth! In the tenth grade, she wrote an application asking to be enrolled as a student at the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. She was told that women were not accepted into the academy.
Another would have calmed down and started looking for something else to do. But Zhenya Zhigulenko was not like that. She writes a hot, excited letter to the People's Commissar of Defense. And she receives an answer that the question of her admission to the academy will be considered if she receives a secondary aviation technical education.
Zhenya enters the Moscow Airship Construction Institute, and at the same time graduates from the Central Aero Club. V. P. Chkalova.
At the beginning of the war, Evgenia Andreevna made persistent attempts to get to the front, and her efforts were crowned with success. She begins service in the regiment, which later became the Taman Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov aviation regiment of night bombers. The brave pilot spent three years at the front. She had 968 combat missions behind her, after which enemy warehouses, convoys, and airfield structures burned.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 23, 1945, Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and two Orders of the Red Star.
After the war, Evgenia Zhigulenko spent another ten years serving in the Soviet Army, graduated from the Military-Political Academy, then worked in cultural institutions Kuban. The versatility of Evgenia Andreevna’s nature was manifested in the fact that she mastered another profession - film director. Her first feature film “There are “night witches” in the sky” dedicated to fellow pilots and navigators of the famous regiment.
Elena Choba
Kuban Cossack woman, under the name Mikhail Choba, fought on the fronts of the First World War. She was awarded the St. George medals of the 3rd and 4th degrees, the St. George Cross of the 4th class.
About two centuries ago, among the Russian troops fighting against Napoleon's army, they started talking about the mysterious cornet Alexander Alexandrov. As it turned out later, the cavalry maiden Durova served under this name in the Lithuanian Lancer Regiment. No matter how much Nadezhda hid her belonging to the fair sex, the rumor that a woman was fighting in the army spread throughout Russia. The unusual nature of this incident worried everyone for a long time. society: the young lady preferred the hardships of military life and the mortal risk to reading sentimental novels. A century later Kuban Cossack village Rogovskaya Elena Choba stood up in front of the village society to petition to be sent to the front.
On July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. When the news reached Yekaterinodar, an urgent mobilization of everyone began parts and units - messengers went to remote villages. Conscripts, saying goodbye to peaceful life, saddled their horses. Rogov Cossack Mikhail Choba also gathered for the front. Equipping a young Cossack into a cavalry regiment was difficult: you need to buy a horse, ammunition - the list of complete Cossack documents included more than 50 necessary things. The Choba couple did not live well, so they sent the horseless Mikhail on a cart to the Plastunov regiment.
Elena Choba was left alone - to work and manage the household. But it is not in the Cossack character to sit quietly when an enemy has come to their native land. Elena decided to go to the front, stand up for Russia and went to the respected residents in the village council. The Cossacks gave their permission.
After the village elders supported Elena’s request to be sent to the front, she had a meeting with the boss Kuban region. Elena came to an appointment with Lieutenant General Mikhail Pavlovich Babych with short-cropped hair, wearing a gray cloth Circassian cap and a hat. After listening to the petitioner, the ataman gave permission to be sent to the army and gave a fatherly farewell to the Cossack Mikhail (she chose to be called by this name).
And a few days later the train rushed Elena-Mikhail to the front. The magazine told about how the Rogovchanka fought « Kuban Cossack Herald» : “In the heat of the fire, under the incessant roar of cannons, under the continuous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, according to the testimony of our comrades, our Mikhailo did his job without fear or reproach.
Looking at the young and intrepid figure of their brave comrade-in-arms, his comrades tirelessly walked forward towards the enemies behind Mikhail, not at all suspecting that under the Circassian Cossack coat was hiding the Rogov Cossack Elena Choba. During our retreat, when the enemy tried to pin down one of our part and batteries, Elena Chobe managed to break through the enemy’s ring and save two of our batteries, which had absolutely no idea about the proximity of the Germans, from death, and remove the batteries from the closing German ring without any damage on our part. For this heroic feat, Choba received the St. George Cross, 4th degree.
For her fights, Elena Choba received the 4th and 3rd degree St. George medals and the 4th degree St. George Cross. She refused the latter, leaving it with the regimental banner.”
Further information about the fate of the famous Rogovchanka is contradictory. Some saw Elena in the village wearing a Red Army budenovka on her head, others heard that after the battle near the village of Slavyanskaya she was shot by the whites, others said that she emigrated.
Only many years later did some details of the life of the Cossack fighting heroine become known. In 1999, in the Krasnodar Local Lore Museum-Reserve named after. E. D. Felitsyn exhibition opened "Russian destinies". Among the exhibits was a photograph of an American theatrical troupe « Kuban horsemen» , donated to the museum by a 90-year-old Cossack from Canada. The photo was taken in 1926 in the city of San Luis. In the front row, wearing a white Circassian cap and hat, stands the legendary Cossack woman Elena Choba from Kuban village Rogovskaya.
Anton Andreevich Golovaty
(1732 or 1744, Poltava province - 01/28/1797, Persia)
The whole history of the Cossacks Kuban until the end of the 18th century, it was inextricably linked with the name of military judge Anton Andreevich Golovaty. This is an extraordinary, gifted, original personality.
Anton Golovaty was born in the town of New Sandzhary, Poltava province in 1732 (according to other sources, in 1744) in a rich Little Russian family. He studied at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but dreaming of military feats, he went to the Zaporozhye Sich. For the courage, literacy and lively mind of the young Cossack, the Cossacks christened him "Golovaty".
Being a cheerful and witty man, Golovaty served easily, quickly moving up the ranks - from a simple Cossack to a chieftain. For his military exploits he was awarded orders and letters of gratitude from Catherine II.
But his main merit is that the delegation of the Black Sea Cossacks achieved the signing on June 30, 1792 of a manifesto on allocating the Black Sea people with land in Taman and Kuban.
Anton Golovaty had an innate diplomatic talent, which was clearly reflected in his administrative and civil activities. After moving to Kuban, acting as a chieftain, Anton Andreevich supervised the construction of roads, bridges, and postal stations. In order to better control the army, he introduced "Order of common benefit"- a law establishing the permanent power of the rich elite in the army. He demarcated Kuren villages, divided the Black Sea region into five districts, and strengthened the border.
Golovaty was also involved in diplomatic negotiations with Trans-Kuban Circassian princes who expressed a desire to accept Russian citizenship.
On February 26, 1796, Anton Golovaty led a thousand-strong detachment of Cossacks and entered into "Persian Campaign", but unexpectedly fell ill with a fever and died on January 28, 1797.
Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky
(1774–1825)
For a long time the name of this wonderful man was forgotten. He lived only 49 years, but how much good, eternal, reasonable things he did! The son of a priest, military archpriest Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky came to Kuban June 19, 1803. This talented, educated man devoted his entire short life to a noble cause - the education of the Cossacks. Kirill Vasilyevich in his sermons explained to believers about the benefits of education and the importance of schools for the people. In 27 churches he opened in the region, he organized the collection of money for the construction of schools. For a long time, Kirill Vasilyevich himself taught at the Ekaterinodar School. There were no textbooks, so all training was conducted according to Rossinsky’s "handwritten notebooks". Later, Kirill Vasilievich wrote and published a textbook "Brief Spelling Rules", which went through two editions - in 1815 and 1818. Now these books are stored in a special collection of the Russian State Library as unique publications. Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky devoted a lot of spiritual strength and knowledge to literature and science, wrote poetry, historical and geographical essays. In Yekaterinodar he was also known as a physician who rushed to the sick at any time and in any weather. His dedication, selflessness, and kindness amazed his contemporaries.
In 1904, the library opened at the Dmitrievsky School by the Ekaterinodar Charitable Society was named after Rossinsky. In honor of Kuban one of the universities in Krasnodar - the Institute of International Law, Economics, Humanities and Management - was named as an educator.
Mikhail Pavlovich Babych
Mikhail Pavlovich Babych, the son of one of the valiant officers who conquered the Western Caucasus - Pavel Denisovich Babych, about whose exploits and glory the people composed songs. All paternal qualities were bestowed on Mikhail, who was born on July 22, 1844 in the family house in Ekaterinodar on Bursakovskaya Street, 1 (corner Krepostnoy). From a very early age the boy was prepared for military service.
After successfully graduating from the Mikhailovsky Voronezh Cadet Corps and the Caucasian Training Company, young Babych began to gradually move up the military ranks and receive military orders. In 1889 he was already a colonel. On February 3, 1908, a decree was issued appointing him, already with the rank of lieutenant general, as an appointed ataman Kuban Cossack Army. With a harsh hand and harsh measures, he restores order in Ekaterinodar, where at that time terrorist revolutionaries were rampant. Under the constant threat of death, Babych fulfilled his responsible duty and strengthened his Kuban economics and morality. In a short period of time, they did a lot of general cultural and good deeds. The Cossacks called ataman "Ridy Batko", since every Cossack personally felt his care, his zeal. M. Babych’s general cultural activities were appreciated not only by the Russian population. He was deeply respected by other peoples who lived on Kuban. It was only thanks to his cares and efforts that the construction of the Black Sea- Kuban Railway, the attack on Kuban plavni.
On March 16, 1917, the official newspaper reported for the last time about the former Nakazny Ataman Mikhail Pavlovich Babych. In August 1918, he was brutally murdered by the Bolsheviks in Pyatigorsk. The body of the long-suffering general was buried in the tomb of Catherine's Cathedral.
Memory of a great patriot and guardian Kuban land M P. Babyche, the last Nakazny Ataman, is alive in the hearts of the Russian people. On August 4, 1994, on the spot where Ataman’s ancestral house stood, the cultural foundation Kubansky Cossacks, a memorial plaque was unveiled (the work of A. Apollonov, perpetuating his memory.
Alexey Danilovich Bezkrovny
Among hundreds of Russian names, shining in the rays of military glory, the name of the valiant Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack Army Alexei Danilovich Bezkrovny is attractive with special magnetism. He was born into a wealthy chief officer family. In 1800, a fifteen-year-old
Alexey Bezkrovny, brought up in his grandfather’s military traditions, enlisted in the Cossacks and left his father’s house - Shcherbinovsky kuren.
Already in the first skirmishes with the mountaineers, the teenager discovered amazing dexterity and fearlessness.
In 1811, during the formation of the Black Sea Guards Hundred, A. Bezkrovny, outstanding combat officer, who possessed extraordinary physical strength, had a penetrating mind and a noble soul, was enlisted in its original composition and honorably carried the rank of guardsman through the entire Patriotic War of 1812 - 1814. For courage and bravery at the Battle of Borodino, Alexey Bezkrovny received the rank of centurion. During the retreat of Kutuzov's army from Mozhaisk to Moscow, the fearless Cossack fought off all enemy attempts to break forward for 4 hours. For this feat and other avant-garde military deeds, Bezkrovny was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For bravery". The retreating enemy tried to burn the ships with grain, but the guards did not allow the French to destroy the grain. For his valor, Bezkrovny was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow. At Platov’s request, Bezkrovny and the Black Sea hundred were enlisted in his corps. With the light hand of M.I. Kutuzov himself, the Cossacks called him "commander without error".
On April 20, 1818, Alexei Danilovich received the rank of colonel for military services. In 1821, he returned to his father’s land and continues to serve in the detachment of another hero of the Patriotic War, General M. G. Vlasov. In May 1823, he was sent with the 3rd cavalry regiment to the border of the Kingdom of Poland, and then Prussia. From his next campaign, A.D. Bezkrovny returned to the Black Sea region only on March 21, 1827. And six months later (September 27) he, as the best and most talented military officer, by the Highest will, is appointed military, and then the Ataman.
In May - June 1828 A.D. Bezkrovny with his detachment participates in the siege of the Turkish fortress of Anapa under the command of Prince A. S. Menshikov. For the victory over the Turks and the fall of the impregnable fortress, A. Bezkrovny was promoted to the rank of major general and awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Then - for new exploits - a second golden saber decorated with diamonds.
Two features were especially characteristic of Bloodless: rare courage in battles and deep humanity in peaceful life.
In January 1829, Alexey Danilovich commanded one of the detachments directed against the Shapsugs. In 1930, the Cossack knight again participates in the fight against abreks, with the famous Kazbich himself, who threatened the Cossack city of Ekaterinodar. In the same year he built Kuban three fortifications: Ivanovsko-Shebskoye, Georgie-Afipskoye and Alekseevskoye (named after Alexei Bezkrovny himself).
The health of the famous chieftain was undermined. His heroic odyssey is over. The appointment of A.D. Bezkrovny as Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack Army aroused envy among the tribal Cossack aristocracy. He, the hero of 1812, could fight and defeat the external enemies of the Fatherland. But he couldn’t overcome the internal envious people. Hunted down by enemies, with an unhealing wound in his side, Bezkrovny lived secludedly in his Ekaterinodar estate. He gave 28 years of service to the Fatherland. Participated in 13 large military campaigns, 100 separate battles - and did not know a single defeat.
Alexei Danilovich died on July 9, 1833, the day of the holy martyr Theodora, and was buried in the almshouse courtyard, at the first Cossack cemetery located here.
Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko
I will happy if my songs live among the people.
V. G. Zakharchenko
Composer, artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir, Honored Artist and People's Artist of Russia, Honored Artist of Adygea, People's Artist of Ukraine, Laureate of the State Prize of Russia, Professor, Hero of Labor Kuban, Academician of the International Academy of Information, Academician of the Russian Academy of Humanities, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional Culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art, Chairman of the Charitable Foundation for the Revival of Folk Culture Kuban"Origins", member of the Union of Composers of the Russian Federation, member of the presidium of the Russian Choral Society and the All-Russian Musical Society.
The future composer lost his father early; he died in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. The memory of her mother, Natalya Alekseevna, remained in the smell of the bread she baked and in the taste of her homemade sweets. The family had six children. Mom always worked, and while working, she usually sang. These songs came so naturally into children’s lives that over time they became a spiritual need. The boy listened to wedding round dances and the playing of local virtuoso accordionists.
In 1956, Viktor Gavrilovich entered the Krasnodar Music and Pedagogical School. After graduating, he became a student at the Novosibirsk State Conservatory. M. I. Glinka at the Faculty of Choral Conducting. Already in his 3rd year, V.G. Zakharchenko was invited to a high position - chief conductor of the State Siberian Folk Choir. The next 10 years of work in this position is a whole era in the development of the future master.
1974 was a turning point in the fate of V. G. Zakharchenko. A talented musician and organizer becomes the artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir. Started happy and an inspired time for the creative rise of the team, the search for its original Kuban repertoire, creation of a scientific-methodological and concert-organizational base. V. G. Zakharchenko - founder of the Center for Folk Culture Kuban, children's art school at Kuban Cossack Choir. But his main brainchild is the State Kuban Cossack Choir. The choir has achieved stunning results in many venues peace: in Australia, Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Czechoslovakia, America, Japan. Twice, in 1975 and 1984, he won the All-Russian competitions of State Russian folk choirs. And in 1994 he received the highest title - academic, was awarded two State bonuses: Russia - im. M.I. Glinka and Ukraine - named after. T. G. Shevchenko.
Patriotic pathos, feeling of one's own involvement in people's life, civil responsibility for the fate of the country - this is the main line of Viktor Zakharchenko’s composing work.
In recent years, he has been expanding his musical and thematic range, as well as the ideological and moral orientation of his creativity. The lines of poems by Pushkin, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Yesenin, Blok, Rubtsov sounded differently. The framework of the traditional song has already become narrow. Confessional ballads, reflective poems, and revelation songs are created. This is how poems appeared "I will ride"(based on verses by N. Rubtsov, "The power of the Russian spirit"(based on poems by G. Golovatov, new editions of the poem "Rus" (to verses by I. Nikitin).
The titles of his works speak for themselves - "Alarm"(based on verses by V. Latynin, “You can’t understand Russia with your mind”(based on poems by F. Tyutchev, "Help the weaker" (to verses by N. Kartashov).
V. G. Zakharchenko revived traditions Kubansky military singing choir, founded in 1811, including in its repertoire, in addition to folk and original songs, Orthodox spiritual chants. With the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', the State Kubansky Cossack choir takes participation in church services. In Russia, this is the only team that has been awarded such a high honor.
Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko - professor, dean of the faculty of traditional culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art. He conducts extensive scientific research activities; he has collected over 30 thousand folk songs and traditional rituals - a historical heritage Kuban village; collections of songs published Kuban Cossacks; Hundreds of arrangements and folk songs have been recorded on records, CDs, and videos.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school No. 6 named after. Ts.L. Kunikova
Krasnodar region
Tuapse, MO Tuapse district
Prepared
primary school teacher
Secondary school No. 6 named after. Ts.L. Kunikova
G. Tuapse. Krasnodar region
Boyko Natalya Viktorovna
Subject. Prominent people of Kuban
Goals:
Instilling in schoolchildren a love for their small Motherland and involvement in the history and cultural traditions of Kuban.
Continue to develop schoolchildren’s interest in Russian culture through the history and traditions of the peoples of Kuban
Raising a patriot who knows and respects the traditions of his people; a worker who loves his land; a citizen ready to defend his Fatherland.
Forming in students a respectful attitude towards the military and labor exploits of the older generation.
Motivation of students' search and research activities.
Lesson objectives:
Expand knowledge on the history of Kuban
To cultivate love for the native land, for its history, for the ability to be proud and inherit good traditions.
Developing interest in search and research activities among younger schoolchildren.
Equipment:
Multimedia equipment
Presentation
Progress of the event:
Dear Kuban, I sing tenderly
The great beauty of your land!
Holy land from end to end!
Seas, forests, fields, my land, yours!
Here the sky above you is brighter and higher
And the stars shine brighter and the moon...
No one in the world will find anything more beautiful.
The whole country is proud of you!
Pupil:
Your fields of wheat,
Your gardens, your sweet grapes.
Everything will be placed on a pedestal,
Sparkling with bright gold awards!
I sing to you my great love,
And music sounds in my soul...
My Kuban, with all my soul I ask
Blossom, dear, stronger every day.
Today, the Unified All-Kuban Class Hour opens the new school year - this is a holiday that unites the entire Kuban. Topic: “Year of Culture - the history of Kuban in faces.”
We will think about how to live and what to strive for in order to be worthy successors of previous generations.
At the end of the class hour, we will try to answer the question: “Why do you need to know the history of your native land, know and respect the traditions of your people, what can we do to preserve and enhance the rich cultural heritage of Kuban and all of Russia?”
Slide 1 (map of Krasnodar region)
Our small homeland is Kuban, a wonderful, fertile land. The land of snowy mountains and golden grain fields, free steppes and flowering gardens. A land where wonderful people live: grain farmers and livestock farmers, gardeners and winegrowers, factory workers, doctors and teachers, scientists and athletes, artists and poets... They all strive to make our Kuban even better, richer, more beautiful. One of the prominent representatives of the Cossacks is Ataman Zakhary Alekseevich Chepega (Chepiga)
Slide 2
Do you remember what this chieftain became famous for? (student speeches):
At the age of 24 (1750), Chepega arrived in Zaporozhye. In October 1769, he distinguished himself in the defeat of the Turks on the Dniester. During the first Russian-Turkish War, the Cossack flotilla on the Danube ensured the capture of the important fortress of Kiliya, Tulcea castle and Isaccea fortress.
Slide 3
What does A. Pokryshkin have to do with our region?
Student performance:
In 1936-1938. Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin studied at Krasnodar flying club . During his vacation in the winter of 1938, Pokryshkin, secretly from his superiors, completed the annual civilian pilot program in 17 days, which automatically made him eligible for admission to the Kachin Flight School. He graduated with top marks in 1939 and was assigned to the 55th Fighter Aviation Regiment with the rank of lieutenant.
Slide 4
Our small homeland is Kuban, a wonderful, fertile land. The land of snowy mountains and golden grain fields, free steppes and flowering gardens. A land where wonderful people live: grain farmers and livestock farmers, gardeners and winegrowers, factory workers, doctors and teachers, scientists and athletes, artists and poets... They all strive to make our Kuban even better, richer, more beautiful. Which Kuban writers, poets, composers do you know?
Slide 5-9 (student reports)
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| Kronid Oboishchikov - poet | Victor Zakharchenko - musician | Grigory Ponomarenko – composer, musician | Ivan Varabbas - poet | Anna Netrebko - opera singer |
| Born in the village of Tatsinskaya of the First Don District of the Don Region (now Rostov Region) into a peasant family. Then the family moved to the village of Oblivskaya, and then to the Kuban: the village of Bryukhovetskaya, Kropotkin, Armavir, Novorossiysk. Personnel officer. He graduated from the Krasnodar Military Aviation School of Flying Officers and Navigators and served in a bomber air regiment. During the Great Patriotic War he fought on the Southwestern Front, later as part of the Northern Fleet aviation he covered allied convoys. In 1960 he went into reserve. He has published 25 collections of poetry, authored librettos for two operettas and many songs. He also wrote for children. Compiler and author of four collections of biographies of Heroes of the Soviet Union from the Krasnodar Territory and a three-volume poetic wreath to the Heroes of Kuban. Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (since 1992, the Union of Writers of Russia), the Union of Journalists of the USSR (since 1992, the Union of Journalists of Russia) | Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko (born March 22, 1938, Dyadkovskaya village, Krasnodar region) is a Russian folklorist, public figure, folk song researcher and choral conductor. People's Artist of Russia and Ukraine. Knight of the Order of Francis Skaryna. Artistic director of the State Academy of Cultural Arts, general director of the State National Technical University "Kuban Cossack Choir". Member of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation for Culture and Art | In 1972 he moved to Kuban, Krasnodar. The composer wrote five operettas, spiritual choral music “All-Night Vigil”, concerts for accordion and orchestra, quartets, pieces for orchestra of folk instruments, oratorios for mixed choir and orchestra, works for domra, accordion, music for drama theater performances, for films, many songs - a total of about 970 works. Recording companies have released more than 30 records with works by Grigory Ponomarenko, and published about 30 collections of songs. On January 7, 1996, Grigory Fedorovich died in a car accident. He was buried in Krasnodar at the Slavic cemetery. | In 1932, the family returned to Kuban, moving first to Krasnodar and then to the village of Starominskaya. Writes for children. In the 1960s, his fairy tale “How the Beautiful Tsar Bobrovna Visited the Dragon” was published. With the participation of Varabbas, the almanac “Kuban” was created and the Kuban Cossack Choir was revived. | Born and raised in Krasnodar in a family descended from Kuban Cossacks. Mother is an engineer, father is a geologist. There she began to study music and singing. She was a soloist in the Kuban Pioneer choir at the Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren of the Krasnodar Territory. On February 6, 2012, she was officially registered as a proxy of the candidate for President of the Russian Federation and the current Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Anna Netrebko performed the Olympic Anthem in Sochi at the Opening Ceremony of the Games. |
Slide 10-13
We can probably say that Kuban is the birthplace of great people, and many of the outstanding people of Kuban came from the walls of our school No. 6 named after. Ts.L. Kunikova
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| Pavel Kaplevich (born March 19, 1959, Tuapse), | Dreyt Sergey Sergeevich | Vladimir Kramnik | Natalia Glebova born in the city of Tuapse, Krasnodar Territory. Until the sixth grade she studied at Tuapse secondary school No. 6. |
Slides 14-15
Kuban is also famous for its athletes; you know that in 2014 Russia hosted the Winter Olympics and Paralympics; the Kuban city of Sochi was awarded this honor. Thousands of participants and spectators from all over the world visited Sochi, noted the excellent organization of the sports festival and especially noted the hospitality of the residents of our region.
Russia won the largest number of awards. There are a total of 33 medals at the Olympic Games, of which 13 are gold, 11 are silver and 9 are bronze. There are as many as 80 medals at the Paralympic Games, of which 30 are gold, 28 are silver and 22 are bronze. And these are first places in both medal standings.
Kuban Olympians competed in five sports.
In men's bobsleigh, three Kuban athletes competed for Olympic medals. These are two-time Olympic medalist Alexey Voevoda, as well as Alexander Kasyanov and Alexey Pushkarev. Alexey Voevoda and Alexander Zubkov won the two-man competition, the foursome consisting of Zubkov, Dmitry Trunenkov, Alexey Voevoda and Alexey Negodaylo won the four-man bobsleigh competition.
Maria Orlova joined the Russian skeleton team. At the Olympic Games in Sochi, skeleton athlete Maria Orlova took sixth place.
Russian figure skaters Trankov and Volosozhar won gold at the 2014 Sochi Olympics.
Five Kuban athletes competed in the freestyle ski acrobatics discipline: Timofey Slivets and Assol Slivets, Petr Medulich, Veronika Korsunova and Alina Gridneva. They took places from fifth to eighth in the general protocol.
The number of Kuban athletes at the Winter Olympic Games in 2014 was a record in the history of Kuban sports.
Slide 1 6
Football clubs "Kuban" and "Krasnodar" are developing and occupy worthy places in the standings of football championships.
As part of this class hour, we cannot remember the names of all the people who glorified and glorify Kuban, but we can continue this lesson in the new school year.
Slide 1 7
We named many Kuban residents and read poems, but these poems were also written by our fellow countrymen.
Among the residents and natives of Kuban there are many talented, brave, courageous, hardworking people. While you are still in school, we can now begin to contribute to the development of our region, and we will be inspired by the exploits of our predecessors and contemporaries
Our class hour has come to an end.
What is our native Kuban famous for? What interesting things did you learn or remember? Let's display our memories in drawings and crafts, and this will be the first exhibition of your creative works in the new school year. Good luck to you friends!
In Russia, in recent years, competitions such as “Name of Russia”, “Military Glory of Russia” and so on have become quite popular, identifying historical figures, generals, and cultural figures who played a special role in Russian history. Our small homeland, of course, has people who, without exaggeration, can be called “outstanding.” "Novaya Gazeta Kuban" decided to compile its "ten most outstanding people of Kuban"
The year 1793 was chosen as the starting point - the year of the founding of Yekaterinodar, the beginning of the development of Kuban by the Cossacks. Of course, interesting pages can be found earlier in the history of Kuban, but still the Bosporan kings and Sarmatian leaders are hardly perceived as something close to them. We decided to exclude from the list historical figures whose outstanding role in the history of Kuban is undeniable, but the acts that made these figures historical were still accomplished in other places. So Catherine the Great, Alexander Suvorov, Georgy Zhukov, Mikhail Lermontov will also remain outside the scope of this list. I will also note that this article will outline my subjective view of those people who left the most noticeable mark in the history of Kuban. For convenience, their list is laid out in chronological order - from the founding of the city to the present day.
Speaking about the Cossacks-Cossacks, who once laid the foundation for our city, it is difficult to single out any one person: what is not a name is already history, a legend, already a noticeable mark in the history of Ekaterinodar-Krasnodar. And yet, among all these Cossack atamans, esauls and Cossack foremen, I would especially highlight the figure of a military judge - the ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army, a brave warrior, a talented diplomat and organizer Anton Golovaty.
He was born into the family of a Little Russian foreman in the village of Novye Sanzhary in the Poltava region. He received a good education at home, which he continued at the Kyiv Bursa, where his extraordinary abilities in science, languages, literary and musical gifts were revealed - Anton composed poems and songs, sang well and played the bandura. In 1757, Anton appeared in the Sich and enrolled in the Kushchevsky (according to other sources, Vasyurinsky) kuren. In 1762, he was elected ataman at the same time, thanks to this appointment, he was included in the delegation of Zaporozhye Cossacks that went to St. Petersburg for the celebrations of the coronation of Catherine II, where he was introduced to the empress. In 1768, he was appointed military clerk, which corresponded to the rank of regimental foreman.
He took an active part in the sea campaigns of the Cossacks in the Russian-Turkish War of 1768 - 1774. At the end of the war, the results of which were the annexation of the lands between the Bug and the Dnieper to Russia, the Cossacks hoped to take possession of part of these lands, in return for those Sichs that the Russian government distributed to landowners from Great Russia. Golovaty, as an experienced debater in land matters, was included in the delegation of Zaporozhye Cossacks under the leadership of Sidor Bely to St. Petersburg in 1774. The delegation was supposed to petition the Empress for the return of the Cossacks to their former Sich lands - “liberties” - and the granting of new “liberties”. The delegation in St. Petersburg faced failure: in June 1775, the Sich was liquidated. Being outside the Sich at that moment (on the way from St. Petersburg to the Sich) saved the members of the delegation from punishment and disgrace.
During Catherine the Great’s trip to Crimea, a deputation of former Cossacks, which included Anton Golovaty, petitioned the Empress in Kremenchug to organize the “Troop of Loyal Cossacks” from former Cossacks. Consent was given. The army recruited “hunters” into two detachments - mounted and on foot (for service on Cossack boats). Golovaty was appointed head of the foot detachment. On January 22, 1788, he was elected military judge of the entire newly created army - the second figure in the Cossack hierarchy after the military chieftain. With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War of 1787 - 91, the army of loyal Cossacks took an active part in it. In the summer of 1788, the Cossack "gulls" under the command of Golovaty successfully proved themselves during the siege of Ochakov, after which the detachment of Cossack boats was transformed into the Black Sea Cossack flotilla, the command of which was entrusted to Golovaty. On November 7 of the same year, the Cossacks and their flotilla stormed the fortified island of Berezan, after the fall of which Ochakov was soon captured. For this, Golovaty was awarded his first award - in May 1789 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. And on November 24, 1789 Anton Golovaty was promoted to Cossack colonel.
After the conclusion of peace, the army of loyal Cossacks was given new Russian lands obtained as a result of the war, along the Black Sea coast between the Dniester and Bug rivers, and the army itself was renamed the Black Sea Cossack army. However, the allocated land was not enough for the Black Sea people, and in 1792, at the head of the Cossack delegation, Golovaty went to the capital with the aim of presenting Catherine II with a petition to provide land to the Black Sea Cossack army in the Taman region and the “surroundings”, in return for the selected Sich lands. Golovaty asked to allocate land to the army not only in Taman and the Kerch Peninsula (to which Potemkin had already agreed back in 1788), but also land on the right bank of the Kuban River, then not yet inhabited by anyone. Golovaty’s education and diplomacy played a role in the success of the enterprise: at the audience he spoke Latin and managed to convince Catherine of the universal benefits of such a resettlement - the Black Sea Cossacks were granted lands in Taman and Kuban “for eternal and hereditary possession.”
Upon arrival in Kuban, until the fall, Golovaty was engaged in demarcating military land and building his own house. In the fall, together with the military clerk Timofey Kotyarevsky, he compiled a civil code of the Black Sea people, “The Order of Common Benefit,” according to which the region was divided into 40 kurens. In January 1794, the first military council met in their new homeland. At it, the “Order…” was approved, the name of the regional capital was approved - Yekaterinodar, and the kuren atamans received kuren plots by casting lots - lyas.
In 1794, military chieftain Zakhary Chepega was sent with a regiment of Cossacks to suppress the Polish uprising. Golovaty remained the first person in the army. He was involved in the construction of a military harbor for the Cossack flotilla in the Kiziltash estuary and helped the regular Russian army in the construction of the Phanagoria fortress. Golovaty also took care of attracting professional builders, artisans, teachers, doctors and pharmacists from Little Russia.
In 1796, Golovaty received the rank of brigadier and took part in the Russian campaign against Persia under the command of Valerian Zubov. On February 26, 1796, the regiments set out on a campaign from Ekaterinodar to Astrakhan, where they were put on ships and departed for Baku by the Caspian Sea. Golovaty was entrusted with command of the Caspian flotilla and the landing troops attached to it. In mid-November of the same year, Commander Fyodor Apraksin dies. Golovaty was appointed in his place - commander of the ground forces and the Caspian flotilla. After the death of Catherine, Paul ordered the end of this military campaign and the return of the expedition to Russia. Diseases began in the detachment, which claimed the lives of many Cossacks, including their commander. At that moment, in the capital of the Black Sea Cossacks, Yekaterinodar, military ataman Zakhary Chepega died. Golovaty was elected by the Cossacks as ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army. He never learned of his election. On the way back from the Persian campaign, Anton Golovaty died on the island of Kamyshevan on January 28, 1797.
Another famous person who began the development of Kuban by the Cossacks, Archpriest Kirill Rossinsky- the first educator of the Black Sea Cossack army. He was born on March 17, 1774 in Novomirgorod in the family of a priest. He studied at the Novorossiysk Theological Seminary, where, after completing the course, Rossinsky became a teacher of the information class and the Law of God. In June 1798, he was ordained a priest and, leaving teaching service, on August 24 he was appointed a priest for the Novomirgorod Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, and in 1800 he was elevated to the rank of archpriest and transferred to the city of Taganrog. In 1803, at the request of the entire Black Sea army, Rossinsky was appointed by Athanasius, Archbishop of Ekaterinoslav, to the city of Ekaterinodar as the military archpriest of the Black Sea army and at the same time the first present of the Ekaterinodar Spiritual Board.
Rossinsky was an extraordinary person; he was distinguished by his varied interests: he read a lot, wrote poetry, and was even known as a skilled doctor. He was also known as a writer and contributor to the magazines “Competitor of Enlightenment” and “Ukrainian Herald”. He was a member of the Kharkov Society of Sciences, which counted him among its external members in the department of verbal sciences, the Imperial Humane Society, and an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. At his suggestion, a military singing choir was created, which became an excellent creative team and custodian of folk songs.
Rossinsky was also involved in the establishment of new schools and the spread of literacy among the Cossacks. With his participation, the first Ekaterinodar school was transformed into a college in 1806 so that “young hearts could be educated.” It taught: grammar, the basics of geometry and natural sciences, geography, history, as well as “instruction in the positions of man and citizen” (as the rules of morality, duty and honor of a Russian citizen were called two centuries ago). Ataman Fyodor Bursak appointed Kirill Rossinsky to the honorary position of caretaker of the Ekaterinodar School. Later, Rossinsky opened parochial schools in Taman, the villages of Shcherbinovskaya, Bryukhovetskaya, Grivenskaya, Rogovskaya and Temryuk.
In 1820, a gymnasium was created in Yekaterinodar at the suggestion of Rossinsky and with his participation. She was located near the fortress, in a spacious house in which the first Kuban ataman Chepega once lived. Rossinsky becomes the first director of the military gymnasium. Here he collects a large library, opens a mineralogy cabinet and an archaeological museum. At his suggestion, the teaching of military sciences began at the gymnasium.
He lived only about fifty years, but accomplished a lot. He often refused his salary in favor of the poor and tirelessly helped those in need. In 1825, the Kuban Cossack Army petitioned General A.P. Ermolov about financial assistance to Kirill Rossinsky, since “the selfless and honest archpriest fell into extreme poverty towards the end of his life.” Rossinsky is given an allowance of five thousand rubles and decides to award him the Order of St. Anna, II degree, decorated with diamonds. But Kirill Vasilyevich did not have time to rejoice at his well-deserved awards: on December 12, 1825, he died. Rossinsky was buried in the Ekaterinodar Resurrection Cathedral.
Initially, and until the mid-19th century, Kuban was a kind of frontier of Russian history: a border territory where Kuban Cossacks and Russian soldiers were forced to repel the raids of warlike highlanders over and over again. And naturally, successful commanders, Cossack atamans and Russian officers also made a huge contribution to the formation of today’s Kuban. Among them stands out a controversial, very controversial figure of a man who nevertheless played a significant role in the history of Kuban, a cavalry general, commander of the Kuban line, Baron Grigory Khristoforovich von Sass.
A native of an old Westphalian family, a hereditary military man, a participant in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-1814, in 1820 he went to serve in the Caucasus, where in 1833 he became the head of the Batalpaschinsky department of the Kuban line. Already in the second month of his leadership of the Batalpashinsky section, Zass undertook the first successful military expedition into enemy territory. Zass formulated the main principle of his tactics as follows: “It is better to be held accountable for crossing the Kuban than to leave predators without prosecution.” Encouraged by success, Zass made several more Trans-Kuban expeditions in August - October 1833. At the same time, Zass showed brilliant mastery of all the specific techniques of the Caucasian war: ambushes, rapid attacks, false retreats, etc. In 1835, Zass was awarded a golden saber with the inscription “For bravery” and appointed commander of the entire Kuban line. His military skill and great personal courage earned him great fame both among his comrades and among his enemies. Andrei Rosen in “Notes of the Decembrist” noted: “None of the leaders of the Russian army were so afraid of the Circassians, and not one of them enjoyed such fame among the mountaineers as this original Courlander. His military cunning was as remarkable and worthy of surprise as his fearlessness, and at the same time he also revealed an extraordinary ability to study the character of the Caucasian peoples." Zass's bravery and especially incredible knowledge of the enemy's affairs earned him the reputation among the mountaineers as a man associated with otherworldly forces. In 1840, Zass took the post of commander of the right flank of the Caucasian line, stretching from the village of Vasyurinskaya on the border of the Black Sea army west to the mouth of the Laba and further up it to Georgievsk. By 1843, he founded the villages of Urupskaya, Voznesenskaya, Chemlykskaya and Labinskaya. Armavir, which grew up on the site of one of these settlements, owes its existence to Zassu, when representatives of the “Circassian Armenians” (Circassogai) in 1836 turned to von Sass with a request to “accept them under the protection of Russia and give them the means to settle near the Russians.” The resettlement of the Circassian people to the place chosen by Grigory Zass took place in April 1839. Zass himself wrote in his memoirs that “in the same month (May 1839) I resettled those I had brought out of the mountains in 1839 to the left bank of the Kuban opposite the Strong Trench Armenians, who, together with those taken from Lieutenant Colonel Petisov, amounted to about 300 families." This date can be considered the final date of the founding of Armavir, which played an important role in the annexation of the Trans-Kuban region to Russia.
Of non-Kuban origin, but, of course, a significant personality in the history of the Kuban region was Nikolay Karmalin, ataman of the Kuban Cossack army in 1873-83.
Originally from the Ryazan nobles, a participant in the Caucasian War, he remained one of the most notable historical figures of Kuban, perhaps in its entire history. The Caucasian War had recently ended, and the Cossack region, which had been on the frontier for several decades, needed to be returned to peaceful life. And Nikolai Karmalin coped with this task quite well. Kuban historian and writer Fyodor Shcherbina wrote about this undoubtedly outstanding person:
“The name of this ataman will always be associated with the general economic rise of the region and its cultural growth, which accompanied Nikolai Nikolaevich’s management of the Kuban Cossacks and the region. Nikolai Nikolaevich was not only an outstanding administrator, but also a highly educated boss and a rare person for the population. Solid education, extensive erudition in the field of economic and social issues, wide familiarity with the matter, ease of use and deep interest in the needs of the region and the Cossacks - these are the main features that permeated Nikolai Nikolaevich’s activities in the Kuban region from beginning to end.”
Under Karmalin, the region began to develop rapidly. Industry appeared. The Cossack villages began to rapidly grow rich. The production of marketable grain developed widely both due to the diligence and hard work of the Cossacks freed from excessive military burden, and due to the efforts of nonresidents. Representatives of the intelligentsia and entrepreneurs began to come to Kuban, and secondary education developed. The economic development of the region, agriculture, trade, communications, village self-government, Cossack communal land orders, school affairs, study of the region, etc. - all this attracted the attention of Nikolai Nikolaevich, he treated all this with rare interest and care. His wife, Lyubov Karmalina, in 1874 became the chairman of the board of the Ekaterinodar Women's Charitable Society. In 1975 she contributed to the creation of the Kuban Economic Society. Since 1877 - member of the board of the Kuban Women's Mariinsky Institute.
To tell the truth, both the Kuban region and the Krasnodar region were and remain remote provinces, with no claims to any special role in the Russian state. Only once did our region try to become not an object, but a real subject of politics, both domestic and international. And this was connected with the name of the ideological inspirer of the Kuban Republic, the real (without any irony) “father of Kuban democracy,” a prominent political and public figure of the beginning of the last century, Mikola Ryabovol.
He was born in 1883 in the village of Dinskaya in the family of a village clerk. It took a lot of work for the father to educate his first-born son in the primary classes of the Ekaterinodar Military Real School, and Mikola himself had to obtain funds to continue his education in high school. In 1905 - 1907, Ryabovol studied at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, but due to lack of funds (according to the Ukrainian version, due to participation in student performances) he stopped studying in the third year. This did not stop him from making a quick career when, in 1907, his father founded a credit cooperative, where Ryabovol became his parent’s assistant. In 1909, the village delegated him to the founding congress on the construction of the cooperative Kuban-Black Sea railway. Here he was elected to the organizing committee and took on the responsibility of approving the road charter by the authorities, as well as bank financing of the enterprise and the selection of construction and technical personnel. After the successful completion of the task in 1912, Ryabovol was promoted to the post of one of the directors of the board. In 1915, Mikola Ryabovol was mobilized into the army and sent to study at the military engineering school, which he successfully completed, receiving the rank of ensign. He continued his service in a sapper unit in Finland, where he met the February Revolution. In 1917, Mikola Ryabovol returned home from Finland to Kuban. And on April 30 - May 3, 1917, a meeting of the Cossacks took place in Yekaterinodar, where a Cossack government was formed - the Kuban Military Rada, of which Mikola Ryabovol was elected chairman
Under the leadership of Ryabovol, in September 1917 the Military Rada renamed itself the Kuban Regional Rada. At this session, the first Kuban “constitution” (“Temporary provisions on the highest authorities in the Kuban region”) was also adopted. According to it, the Legislative Council became the highest legislative body, and the executive power was the Kuban regional government and the military ataman, who had presidential powers and the right of veto on adopted laws. In November 1917, Ryabovol was elected chairman of the Legislative Rada. It was he who initiated the proclamation of the Kuban Republic on January 8, 1918.
The Kuban People's Republic, which opposed the Bolsheviks, initially entered into an alliance with the Ukrainian power of the hetman and with the Volunteer Army of General Lavr Kornilov. The Rada could not defend Yekaterinodar on its own, and there was simply no alternative to an alliance with volunteers. Moreover, the Cossack federalists found a common language with the ancestral Cossack Kornilov. However, after the death of Lavr Grigorievich, the Volunteer Army was led by the convinced centralizer Denikin. Relations between the Rada and the White Army deteriorated every day. Mikola Ryabovol contrasted the idea of the “One and Indivisible” with the idea of the “Free Union of Free Peoples”. To implement this plan, he initiated a conference with the participation of representatives of the Cossacks of the Don, Terek and Kuban. On the day of departure for Rostov, the chairman of the Military Rada dined with close friends. Suddenly Ryabovol said: “But I’m still sure that the volunteers will kill me - now or later, but they will still kill me...”
On June 13, 1919, the conference began its work. At it, Ryabovol spoke about the need to unite the state entities of Ukraine, Kuban, Don, Terek, and Georgia to fight the Bolsheviks and unite on democratic principles. He sharply criticized the ideology and policies of the Volunteer Army, although he also saw it as part of the future Union. And the next day the prediction came true - Mikola Ryabovol was killed. Although the killer was never found, many believed that this was the work of Denikin’s counterintelligence. Three days of mourning were declared in Kuban. The ceremonial funeral took place on June 19 in Yekaterinodar. In Soviet times, the name of Nikolai Ryabovol was actually banned; only the Cossacks passed down the song “On the Death of Mykola Ryabovol” (author Miron Zaporozhets) from generation to generation, as a people’s lament for all the countless victims of our bloody history.
Another extremely controversial, but very famous historical figure of Kuban during the civil war is General Andrey Shkuro , a native of the village of Pashkovskaya. He took part in the First World War, where, as part of the 3rd Caucasian Army Corps, he took part in heavy battles on the Southwestern Front in Galicia. Shkuro was wounded several times, and for his courage and skillful command of a platoon in the Battle of Galicia he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 4th degree. At the beginning of November 1914, A.G. Shkuro, in the battles near Radom, together with the Don people, captured a large number of Austrians, as well as guns and machine guns, for which he was awarded the St. George's Arms. In 1915, “for excellence in business,” Shkuro was promoted to esaul. Having recovered from another wound and taking advantage of the calm at the front, he proposes to the command a project for the formation of a special forces detachment. Having received approval, Shkuro in December 1915 - January 1916. from the Kuban Cossacks he organizes the Kuban Special Purpose Cavalry Detachment, which operates behind enemy lines on the Western Front, in the Minsk province and in the region of the southern Carpathians: raids, destruction of bridges, artillery depots, convoys. The black banner of the Kuban Special Purpose Cavalry Detachment with the image of a wolf's head, a hat made of wolf fur, and a battle cry imitating a wolf's howl gave rise to the unofficial name of Shkuro's detachment - "Wolf Hundred". After the revolution of 1917, Andrei Shkuro became an active participant in the white movement; Shkuro organized a partisan detachment in the Kislovodsk region, where his family lived at that time. In May - June 1918, the detachment carried out raids on Stavropol, Essentuki and Kislovodsk occupied by the Reds. In June 1918, Shkuro's detachment occupied Stavropol, where it united with the approaching volunteer army of General Denikin. At the end of 1918 - beginning of 1919, Shkuro took part in battles in the Caucasus, and on November 9 (22), 1918, Shkuro was appointed head of the Caucasian Cavalry (in November - 1st Caucasian Cossack) division, deployed from the Kuban partisan separate brigade; On November 30 (December 13) he was promoted to major general for military distinction. In the spring - summer of 1919, Shkuro's corps took part in the battles in Ukraine for Kharkov and Yekaterinoslav. On 2 July 1919, for his heroic actions alongside the British forces, King George V awarded him the Order of the Bath. During the Moscow campaign, Shkuro's 3rd Kuban Corps was tasked with occupying Voronezh, which the Cossacks successfully did on September 17, 1919, taking 13,000 prisoners and a lot of weapons. However, in October, the Reds launched a large-scale attack on Voronezh on several sectors of the front, and on October 11, Shkuro and Mamontov abandoned the city, which Budyonny’s cavalry occupied, and began to retreat south. During the “Novorossiysk disaster,” Shkuro’s corps, like many other units of the armed forces in southern Russia, did not have enough space on the ships, so it withdrew to Tuapse and further to Sochi. From there he was transported by separate detachments to Crimea. As a single body, the corps ceased to exist. After the Civil War, Shkuro lived in exile, and with the outbreak of WWII he took the side of Germany, guided by the principle “even with the devil, but against the Bolsheviks.” However, Shkuro himself did not take personal part in the fighting of World War II. In 1945, according to the decisions of the Yalta Conference, the British interned Shkuro and other Cossacks in Austria and then handed them over to the Soviet Union. By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, Shkuro, together with P. N. Krasnov, Helmut von Pannwitz, Timofey Domanov, was sentenced to hanging and executed in Moscow on January 16, 1947.
Another Kuban Cossack, a participant in the white movement, who ended his life in the USSR, one of the first air aces of Russia, a military pilot of the Russian Empire, Vyacheslav Tkachev.
He was born in 1885 in the village of Kelermesskaya, Maikop department of the Kuban region. He graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod Cadet Corps and the Konstantinovsky Artillery School in 1906. He began his service in the 2nd Kuban Battery. In 1911, having observed the first airplane flights in Russia in Odessa, he begged the command to send him, at public expense, to a private school at the local flying club. Then, on the recommendation of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, he entered the Sevastopol Aviation School, which he graduated with honors. In 1913, he made a record flight on a Newport along the route Kyiv - Odessa - Kerch - Taman - Yekaterinodar and at the same time participated in the formation and training of the first large aviation unit of the Russian army - the 3rd air company in Kyiv. By the beginning of the First World War, he received a new assignment: on August 1, 1914, he was already the commander of the 20th corps aviation detachment. In December 1914, on the southwestern front, the commander of the aviation detachment, Vyacheslav Tkachev, carrying only a revolver pistol, was the first among Russian pilots to attack a German albatross airplane and, by his actions, forced the enemy to retreat. Being an excellent pilot, Tkachev had outstanding organizational skills and the ability to make theoretical generalizations. It was he who was one of the initiators of the creation of special fighter units and even published the book “Material on Air Combat Tactics.” At the beginning of 1917, Lieutenant Colonel V. Tkachev was appointed commander of an air division, then an aviation inspector of the southwestern front, and on June 6, 1917, he became the head of the field department of aviation and aeronautics at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
On November 19, 1917, having learned about the upcoming occupation of the Commander-in-Chief's headquarters by arriving Petrograd soldiers led by the new Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Warrant Officer Krylenko, Tkachev submitted his resignation, and the next day, without waiting for an answer, he voluntarily left for the front. In the note he left, he addressed the chairman of the aviation council with a final appeal. In it, he explained his departure as follows:
“Considering it my moral duty to the Motherland in its difficult days of trials to work, fighting with all our might and means against the terrible poison carried by the criminals of the people and the state - the Bolsheviks, and not sit under arrest, I submitted a report on November 19 to the chief of staff with a request to dismiss me from position occupied..."
Having made his way to Kuban, Tkachev, after much ordeal, finally comes into the possession of the regional government. Since the Whites had practically no aviation, Vyacheslav Matveyevich was sent to Ukraine to Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky as a military foreman of the Kuban Emergency Mission. History is silent about how successful this mission was, but, in any case, he managed to get something from aviation property, because after returning to Ekaterinodar he began to form the 1st Kuban air detachment. In 1920, Tkachev headed the Russian Army Air Force under Lieutenant General Baron Wrangel in Crimea. In June 1920, in southern Russia, as the Red Army pushed back Polish troops, General Wrangel advanced into Ukraine. Attack squadrons armed with British DH-9 aircraft under the command of General Vyacheslav Tkachev took an active part in the hostilities at this time. They managed to inflict serious damage on the ground forces of the Red Army. For this company he was awarded a very rare award - the Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
After the evacuation from Crimea, Tkachev settled in Yugoslavia, where he began teaching. During World War II, Tkachev, unlike many other veterans of the white movement, refused to cooperate with the Nazis in their war with the Soviet Union and lived in Belgrade as a private citizen. When Soviet troops approached Belgrade in October 1944, Vyacheslav Tkachev refused to evacuate, and on October 20, 1944 he was arrested by SMERSH of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, after which he was taken to Moscow, where he received 10 years as an enemy of the people. After serving his full term, Tkachev returned to Kuban, where in the last years of his life he lived in Krasnodar, worked in the artel of disabled bookbinders named after. Chapaev for 27 rubles 60 kopecks. Tkachev is the author of several notes, the story about Nesterov “Russian Falcon” and the memoirs “Wings of Russia”. He died in 1965 in poverty.
The most outstanding figure of the Cossack Kuban in its entire history can rightfully be called the senior contemporary of Ryabovol, Shkuro and Tkachev, Kuban Cossack politician and public figure, historian, founder of Russian budget statistics, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, member of the Kuban Rada, head of the Supreme Court of the Kuban People's Republic, poet, writer "old Kuban did" Fedor Shcherbina.
Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich was born on February 13 (26), 1849 in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya Kuban region. He received his education at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and Novorossiysk University. Before entering the academy, together with his comrades, he organized an agricultural artel in the Kuban region, in which he worked as a simple worker. Perhaps this life and work among the common people prompted Shcherbina to study folk life.
In 1884, he took over the management of the statistical work of the Voronezh provincial zemstvo, where he worked for eighteen years, in 1903 he was administratively expelled from the Voronezh province (gained the opportunity to return in 1904) and lived for some time on his estate near Gelendzhik, Black Sea province. During these same years, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Vladikavkaz Railway, carried out economic and statistical studies of the area of this route; the results of these works were published in 1892 - 1894. under the title "General outline of the economic, commercial and industrial conditions of the Vladikavkaz railway region."
Since 1896, Shcherbina was the head of an expedition to explore the steppe regions (Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Turgai), equipped by the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. Shcherbina devoted a lot of work to the study of the land community and artels, published articles: “Solvychegodsk land community” in “Notes of the Fatherland” for 1874 and “Land community in the Dnieper district” in “Russian Thought” for 1880 and others.
Shcherbina's works, as a zemstvo statistician, are characterized by an introduction to statistical accounting, along with production processes and the phenomena of exchange, circulation, monetary processes, and consumption of the people in general; the study of the budgets of peasants in the Voronezh province served as a prototype for all similar works by other Russian statisticians. Subsequently, Shcherbina, on behalf of the Kuban Cossack Army, was busy compiling the history of the Cossacks; as a result, he published a two-volume book, “The History of the Kuban Cossack Army.”
In addition to scientific activities, Fyodor Shcherbina was actively involved in social and political activities. In 1907, he was elected to the Second State Duma in the Kuban region. He joined the Cossack group and the People's Socialist Party. Adhering to generally liberal views, he tried to legislatively promote the solution of the most pressing agrarian issue for Russia, taking the position of the People's Socialist Party. At parliamentary meetings, a Cossack deputy advocated expanding the rights of the Duma to form the budget, for the nationalization of land and “the creation of a nationwide land fund, managed by local governments, the replenishment of which would occur through the alienation of privately owned lands at public expense.” The dispersal of the Second State Duma did not dissuade F.A. Shcherbin in the possibility of a peaceful reformist transformation of Russia. But he now expected greater results not from actions across the entire country and not “from above,” seeking concessions from the government, but in a particular region and “from below,” using and creatively developing the people’s initiative. The basis for such an experiment could be the Cossacks with their original desire for autonomy and self-government. After the February and October revolutions, Shcherbina saw the only possibility of state revival in the organization of independent democratic entities on the Cossack outskirts. “It was possible to go in construction from parts to the whole, and not from the whole, which did not exist, to the parts.” With his thoughts about what is happening in the region and in the country, F.A. Shcherbina shared on the pages of the newspaper "Volnaya Kuban" - the printed organ of the Kuban regional government, the unofficial part of which he edited from August to November 1918. But the professional statistician considered the main thing for himself to be the development of measures to stabilize the economic situation in Kuban, where he directed everything your knowledge and experience. Already in the fall of 1917, he headed the statistical commission under the 11th Kuban regional government, a year later he became the manager of the Kuban regional statistical committee, and from August 1918 he headed the financial and budgetary commission under the Legislative Rada. In January 1918, he was elected an honorary member of the Council for Survey and Study of the Kuban Territory, a scientific and executive body established by the Kuban Regional Food Administration. To correct the situation in monetary circulation, Fyodor Shcherbina proposed controlling emissions, reducing the supply of raw materials in exchange for finished products, organizing a system of local credit institutions headed by its own Regional Bank, and strengthening the position of state interest-bearing loans. When forming budget policy, he insisted on taking precautionary measures to protect the population from inflation. These included tax reform in favor of the poor, reducing the cost of maintaining the staff of central regional institutions, abandoning unjustified loans, and establishing free trade within the region. Financial and Budgetary Commission under the leadership of F.A. Shcherbina was also involved in practical activities for the development of the elevator network, the opening of an electrical plant in Temryuk and geological research on the Taman Peninsula.
In 1920, Shcherbina found himself in exile, first as part of the Kuban delegation to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. From 1921 he lived in Prague, where he worked as a professor at the Ukrainian Free University (1922-1936), and from 1924 to 1925 he was its rector. Since 1922, he was a professor of statistics at the Ukrainian Economic Academy in Podebrady (Czechoslovakia). Once in exile, he participated in the activities of Ukrainian scientific institutions, in particular, the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society. He was elected a full member of the NTS and rector of the Ukrainian Free University. He was a professor at the Ukrainian Hospodar Academy in Poděbrady. In addition, he wrote in the Ukrainian literary language, composed the poetic poems “Chernomorets” and “Bogdan Khmelnytsky”. He died in 1936 and was buried in Prague at the Olsany cemetery. In 2008, with the support of Russian diplomats and the Czech Orthodox Church, Shcherbina's ashes were transported from Prague to Krasnodar and on September 17, 2008, they were solemnly reburied in the Holy Trinity Cathedral. 
Kuban is a grain-producing land, the granary of Russia. It is not surprising that it was here, in the village of Ivanovskaya, that an outstanding Kuban breeder, plant breeder, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences was born Pavel Lukyanenko. Born into a Cossack family, who went through the Great Patriotic War, Lukyanenko devoted his entire life to the transformation and improvement of the main grain crop - wheat. In 1926, he graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Institute, worked as a researcher at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing and was then associated with such luminaries of science as N.I. Vavilov and V.V. Talanov. In the mid-50s, he created the world-famous variety of winter soft wheat "Bezostaya 1", which became the most widely used. It was zoned in 48 regions of our country, in the countries of Eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. Its sown area in 1971 reached thirteen million hectares. The introduction of this variety into production made it possible to increase wheat grain yields by one and a half to two times everywhere. At the same time, it has become an extremely valuable source for breeding, widely used to this day in breeding programs in many countries around the world. Lukyanenko developed a scientific program for the selection of rust-resistant varieties with productive ears and high technological qualities; significantly improved the methodology for conducting selections in hybrid populations, reducing the time required for breeding a new variety; one of the first in the USSR to substantiate the need for breeding low-growing varieties of winter wheat. The scientist also developed a morphophysiological model of a semi-dwarf variety that is capable of producing high yields in Kuban conditions and not dying when irrigated. In total, Pavel Lukyanenko created forty-three varieties of wheat; in 1975, they occupied about forty percent of the sown area of winter wheat in the Soviet Union.
It is most difficult to evaluate contemporaries - their contribution to the development of Kuban has yet to be assessed by future generations. And yet, I would complete the “Kuban top ten” with the name of the famous Kuban writer and publicist, member of the Writers' Union of Russia Viktor Likhonosov.
You can treat him differently - both as an author and as a person, you can sneer at some of the pretentiousness of the title "Our Little Paris", but few people dispute the fact that this book has so far been and remains a literary work, in the greatest and best reflecting the very soul and essence of the Kuban Cossacks, talentedly and beautifully describing the life of the Cossack city. Likhonosov worked on this work for more than ten years to finally create this book, which in the Russian Wikipedia article dedicated to Viktor Ivanovich was called “a lyrical-epic canvas connecting the present with the past” and “a literary monument to Ekaterinodar.”
As already mentioned, this article does not pretend to be the ultimate truth and reflects the author’s personal opinion about the most notable personalities in the history of Kuban. Any reader of our newspaper has the right to name his “ten big names,” including among his contemporaries, thereby showing who they consider to be the figure who made the greatest contribution to the history of our small homeland.
Denis SHULGATY
SUBJECT: "Prominent personalities in the history of Kuban ».
Goals:
Introduce outstanding personalities in the history of Kuban
Develop the ability to use reference and encyclopedic literature.
Foster a sense of pride in your region and respect for its inhabitants.
Equipment: presentation photographs of fellow countrymen who glorified Kuban, signs and symbols “Defenders of the Fatherland”, “Science and Art”, “Sport”, “Agriculture”
Guys, how do you understand the expression “outstanding person”?
Why do you think outstanding people made history?
The name of which Russian empress is connected with the history of our region? CatherineII- Russian Empress. In 1792, she signed the Highest Charter granting the Black Sea Army the island of Phanagoria and the territory of the right bank of the Kuban, from the mouth of the Laba River to the mouth of the Yei River. In 1793, the Military Cossack government decided to build the city of Yekaterinodar.
The Kuban land is rich in poets and writers, artists and composers, athletes, people who defended our native land from enemies.
On the board there is a symbol “Defenders of the Fatherland” and photographs. Which of these people do you know?
Chepega Zakhary Alekseevich- Koshevoy Ataman of the Black Sea Army. He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to Kuban.
Golovaty Anton Andreevich- one of the founders of the Black Sea Cossack Army.
Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich(1788 - 1851) - naval commander and navigator. Commander of the Black Sea Fleet.
Nedorubov Konstantin Iosifovich - captain. Participant in the First World War and Civil War. In 1942, he commanded a squadron of people's militia and took part in the famous cavalry attacks of the 4th Kuban Cossack Corps against the Nazi invaders.
Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich (1913 - 1985) - Air Marshal. Three times hero of the Secular Union. During the war, he commanded the 16th air regiment, whose headquarters were located in the station. Kalininskaya.
Alekseeko Vladimir Avraamovich(1923-1995) - Lieutenant General. During the Great Patriotic War, he made 292 combat pilots, destroyed 118 vehicles, 53 railway cars.
Which of these defenders of our locality (district) do we know?
The “Science and Art” symbol and photographs are hung on the board. Which of these people do you know?
Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich(1849 -1936) - founder of Russian budget statistics, local historian. Born in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya. Author of “History of the Kuban Army.”
Felitsyn Evgeniy Dmitrievich(1848 -1903) - historian. Compiled maps of Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk.
Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich(1842 - 1921) - geographer, geologist, author of works on the theory of anarchism.
Lukyanenko Pavel Panteleimonovich(1901 - 1973) - scientist-breeder. He developed new varieties of wheat.
Before the war he worked in the station. Korenovskaya.
Pustovoit Vasily Stepanovich- scientist-breeder. Bred new varieties of sunflower.
Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich(1862 - 1942) - artist. Honored Artist of Russia. He worked on poetic and religious images. Lived and worked in Armavir.
Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilievich(1874 - 1940) - director, actor, teacher. He worked in Novorossiysk, organized several theater groups.
Ponomarenko Grigory Fedorovich- composer. Lived and worked in Krasnodar. Author of more than 200 songs about the Kuban land.
Zapashny Mstislav Mikhailovich- circus artist, director and former head of the Sochi Circus.
Which scientific and artistic figures do you still know? Which of them was our fellow countryman?
On the board there is a “Sports” sign and photographs.
Machuga Vladimir Nikolaevich- athlete. World and European champion in sports acrobatics. Native of St. Pereyaslavskaya Bryukhovetsky district.
Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich- chess player. International Grandmaster. Born in Tuapse.
Kafelnikov Evgeniy Alexandrovich - tennis player. Born in Sochi. Won the Open Championships of France and Australia. Which other athletes who glorified Kuban do you know? Agriculture sign.
Kuzovlev Anatoly Tikhonovich- organizer of rural production. For 30 years he has been heading one of the largest joint-stock agro-industrial enterprises in Kuban, Kolos.
Tell us about the leading agricultural workers in our region. Tell us about those who brought glory to our school.
Questions to consolidate: Solve the crossword:
1. Chess player. International Grandmaster.
Air Marshal. Three times hero of the Secular Union.
Scientist-breeder. Bred new varieties of sunflower.
Koshevoy Ataman of the Black Sea Army. He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to Kuban.
Organizer of rural production. For 30 years he has been heading one of the largest joint-stock agro-industrial enterprises in Kuban, Kolos.
Circus artist, director and former head of the Sochi Circus.
Historian. Compiled maps of Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk.
1. Kramnik. 2. Pokryshkin. 3. Pustovoit. 4. Chepega. 5. Kuzovlev. 6. Zapashny. 7. Felitsyn.
Homework: compilation of a mini-encyclopedia “Outstanding Personalities of the Krasnodar Region”.
Many Armavir residents, walking along Polina Osipenko Street every day, rushing about their business, sometimes do not think that they are walking along a street named more than 70 years ago in honor of one of the first women awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
P. Osipenko Street stretches from the street. Khalturina to st. Krasny Yar. In terms of landscaping and traffic intensity, it is not much different from most of the streets of our city: a quiet and calm life goes on here with its worries and troubles. New buildings are being built, flower beds are being planted. Of course, there are problems with sidewalks and road surfaces. The local architecture is represented by both one-story private buildings and apartment buildings built during three eras: Tsarist Russia, the Soviet period and in our time.
As evidenced by the materials of historian and researcher Armavir S.N. Ktitorova, on the corner of Dzerzhinsky and P. Osipenko streets, a brick mansion that belonged to Gevork Seferyants (Georgi Seferov), who was the rector of the Armenian Assumption Church in pre-revolutionary times and in the first years of Soviet power, has survived to this day. Then it was customary to settle church ministers near the parish. In 1918, this house housed the headquarters of the Armavir regiment “Red Banner of Labor”. Now this building is an architectural monument, belongs to the residential sector and is protected by the state.
Today, the street houses a children's art school, a kindergarten, a post office, and a physical education and health complex at the Pedagogical Academy. With other streets it shares the sites of two secondary schools, the building of the military commissariat department of the Krasnodar Territory for the city of Armavir, as well as the Armenian church.
Once upon a time, during the period of settlement of the then aul of Armavir, for some time the street, which today bears the name of P. Osipenko, was one of its borders. The current city, stretching into the distance and breadth with an area of 280 square meters. km, two centuries ago it was the territory within the modern streets of P. Osipenko, Chicherin and the banks of the Kuban River.
Before P. Osipenko Street received its usual name, our ancestors knew it under other names. Initially, people simply called it “Glinka” based on the nature of the soil. Later, a street named after the statesman and military figure, large landowner and entrepreneur, Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov, appeared on the map.
During almost 20 years of Soviet power, the street changed its name four times. For the first time in the Soviet period, it was named in honor of the leader of the German and international labor and socialist movement K. Liebknecht. Then she bore the name of the Bolshevik, editor of the newspapers “Social Democrat” and “Pravda”, author of works on economics and sociology N.I. Bukharin.
In 1937, the street was renamed in honor of the Soviet party and statesman Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov. He was the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the General Commissar of State Security, but for the rest of his life he remained in the memory of millions as the perpetrator of Stalin's repressions. Yezhov served as head of the NKVD for only a year - 1937, but during this short period of time his name became a symbolic symbol of repression, and this period itself was popularly nicknamed “Yezhovshchina.”
Subsequently, the street was named after a truly great woman. Polina Osipenko has mastered the skills of the far from female profession of pilot. She confidently navigated the skies and set several women's records. Its most famous non-stop flights were made in 1938 along the routes: Sevastopol - Evpatoria - Ochakov - Sevastopol; Sevastopol - Arkhangelsk (2416 km were covered in 10 hours by seaplane); Moscow - Komsomolsk-on-Amur region (on September 24 - 25, together with V.S. Grizodubova and M.M. Raskova, a distance of 6450 km was covered in 26 hours 29 minutes).
This is the famous woman we remember when we name the address of the house located on Polina Osipenko Street.
Polina Denisovna Osipenko (25.9 (8.10).1907 - 11.5.1939) was born in the village of Novospasovka (now the village of Osipenko, Berdyansk district, Zaporozhye region). Soviet military pilot, major (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (11/2/1938). Member of the CPSU since 1932. Graduated from the Kachin Aviation School (1932), served in fighter aviation as a junior pilot and flight commander. Set five international women's records. Died in the line of duty. She was buried on Red Square near the Kremlin wall. She was awarded two Orders of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
St. P. Osipenko at different times:
former "