Complex with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? IPS with sequential subordination

An IPP is a sentence whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions.
Subordinating conjunctions- what, because, if, although, so that, how, when, in order to, since and many others.

SPP with homogeneous subordination

A sentence in which all subordinate clauses belong to the same main part and answer the same questions (therefore they are clauses of the same type)

Examples:

I set off when everyone was already asleep and when it became cool
I set off when everyone was already asleep and it was cool

I set off - > when? (when everyone was asleep and when it became cold)

Note: In Russian, the same word does not need to be repeated, so example 1 and example 2 are the same sentences.

IPS with sequential subordination

In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.

In the following examples, questions to the next clause will be placed in brackets.

Examples:

And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.

The SPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has a sequential subordination.

Examples:

He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)

Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.

SPP with parallel subordination

This type of SPP has such subordinate clauses that
a) They receive questions from one main part, but these questions are different (hence the subordinate clauses will be of different types.)
b) They are subordinate clauses of the same type, they receive the same questions, but related to different words (this applies to attributive clauses.)

Examples:

a) Although you don’t deserve it, I’ll give you an A if you do well on the test.
b) I love looking at the sea, which brings inspiration, and the sky, which has no clouds. (questions are asked from different nouns in the main one.)

There is always a subordinating conjunction within a subordinate clause.

Example: Andrey did not remember where he put the diary. (about what?)

From the main clause to the subordinate clause we always give a question. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.

Results

1. There is always a subordinating conjunction inside the subordinate clause.
2. From the main part we ask the subordinate question.
3. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.

Lecture 75 Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Types of subordinate clauses

This lecture discusses the main types of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Lecture outline

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses.

75.1. Consistent subordination of subordinate clauses

In lectures 73 and 74 we talked about complex sentences and different types of subordinate clauses, but mostly we paid attention only to sentences with one subordinate clause. Much more often in texts there are sentences of three or more parts in which several subordinate clauses are used.

Depending on how these subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause, complex sentences (CSS) are divided into:

1) SPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses;

2) SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

3) SPP with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses;

4) NGN with various types of subordinate clauses.

Let's analyze the proposal:

We use arrows to show where exactly we are asking the question to the subordinate clause (from the end of the previous part, from the beginning or from the middle). In this sentence, we ask a question to both subordinate clauses from the end of the previous part.

Let's look at a few more sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

From this diagram it is clear that the second part breaks the first, since the question is asked from the middle of the main sentence.

I would like to draw attention to another type of complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. This case is quite complicated, so pay special attention to it.

[I thought] 1, (that later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship) 2, (if at this decisive moment I did not argue with the old man) 3.

Now try to draw diagrams of several sentences yourself. To do this, you need to drag various elements from the bottom field into the table.

1) She wrote to him that she decided to speed up her departure from Dresden, because her aunt’s health had completely improved.

2) Mechik could not believe that Levinson was really the way Chizh portrayed him.

3) She looked at him as one looks at a person in whom they saw something that they had long expected.

75.2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses

About homogeneous we say subordination of subordinate clauses if in a complex sentence all subordinate clauses

refer to the same word of the main part,
are of the same type,
are connected by a non-union or coordinating connection.

Let's look at a few examples.

In other cases, the homogeneous nature of the subordinate clauses may not be so obvious:

[She went with him, pleased] 1, (that she pleased him) 2 and (now she can stay on the shore and take a break from the babysitting of the bored Pavlik) 2.

Between homogeneous subordinate clauses there is a connecting conjunction, but in the second subordinate clause the conjunctive means (the conjunction THAT) is omitted, but it can easily be restored:

[For the medieval reader it is primarily important] (what the work is dedicated to) and (by whom it was created).

Now try to assemble complex sentences with uniform subordination of subordinate clauses from scattered simple sentences. Pay attention to the meaning of the sentence.

75.3. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

Parallel (non-uniform) subordination of subordinate clauses occurs in two cases:

if subordinate clauses are attached to one word of the main part, but are different in semantics;
subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Let's look at both cases with examples.

(Since we never kept birds) 1, [then I realized] 2, (that this cage belongs to the new tenant) 3.

In this sentence, the main part is the second part, both subordinate clauses depend on the same word, but at the same time they are different in meaning: part 1 is a subordinate clause of reason, and part 3 is an explanatory clause. Let us now depict this proposal schematically.

Please note that the scheme is very similar to the scheme of a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses, but the questions asked are different.

Now consider a sentence with subordinate clauses that are identical in meaning, but refer to different words of the main part.

Both subordinate clauses in this sentence are explanatory, connected by the same conjunctions, but at the same time depend on different words.

Indicate the numbers of complex sentences with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the answer is incorrect, be sure to read the pop-up comment.

Date: 2010-05-22 10:47:52

Having subordinate elements, they are divided into several groups. There are three of them in total. In speech there may be a complex expression with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential. Further in the article we will consider the features of one of these categories. What is a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses?

General information

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (examples of such constructions will be given below) is an expression in which each part refers to the main element or to a specific word in it. The latter option occurs if the additional component distributes only a certain part of the main one. Sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses have a number of features. Thus, the spreading elements are of the same type, that is, they answer the same question. They are usually connected to each other by coordinating conjunctions. If they have an enumeration value, then the connection is non-union, just like with homogeneous members. This, in general, is what homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses means.

Communication in context

1. The quiet boys looked after the car /1 until it drove away beyond the intersection /2, until the dust it raised dissipated /3, until it itself turned into a ball of dust /4.

Once in the hospital, he recalled how they were suddenly attacked by the Nazis, and how everyone was surrounded, and how the detachment managed to get to their own.

3. If the conjunctions “whether... or” are used as repeating constructions (in the example it can be changed to whether), the homogeneous clauses associated with them are separated by a comma.

It was impossible to tell whether it was a fire or whether the moon was beginning to rise. - It was impossible to understand whether it was a fire, whether the moon was beginning to rise.

Structures with combined connection

A sentence with numerous homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is found in several variants. So, maybe together, for example. For this reason, when carrying out analysis, there is no need to immediately draw up a general outline or rush to place punctuation marks.

Context Analysis

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is analyzed according to a certain scheme.

1. When highlighting grammatical basics, count the number of simple elements included in the structure.

2. They designate all and allied words and, based on this, establish subordinate clauses and the main clause.

3. The main element is defined for all additional ones. As a result, pairs are formed: main-subordinate.

4. Based on the construction of a vertical diagram, the nature of the subordination of subordinate structures is determined. It can be parallel, sequential, homogeneous, or combined.

5. A horizontal diagram is constructed, based on which punctuation marks are placed.

Analysis of the proposal

Example: The dispute is that if your king is here for three days, then you are unconditionally obliged to carry out what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order that you give me.

1. This complex sentence contains seven simple ones: The dispute is /1 that /2 if your king will be here for three days /3 then you are unconditionally obliged to carry out what /2 what I tell you /4 and / if he does not stay /5 then I will carry out any order /6 that you give me /7.

1) the dispute is;

2) if your king will be here for three days;

3) something... you are unconditionally obliged to do that;

4) what will I tell you;

5) if he doesn’t stay;

6) then any order will be carried out by me;

7) which you will give me.

2. The main clause is the first (the dispute is), the rest are subordinate clauses. Only the sixth sentence raises the question (then I will carry out any order).

3. This complex sentence is divided into the following pairs:

1->2: the dispute is that... then you are unconditionally obliged to do this;

2->3: you are unconditionally obliged to do this if your king is here for three days;

2->4: you are unconditionally obliged to do what I tell you;

6->5: I will carry out any order if it does not remain;

6->7: I will carry out any order you give me.

Possible difficulties

In the example given, it is somewhat difficult to understand what type of sixth sentence it is. In this situation, you need to look at the coordinating conjunction “a”. In a complex sentence, it, unlike the subordinating connective element, may not be located next to the sentence related to it. Based on this, it is necessary to understand what simple elements this union connects. For this purpose, only sentences containing oppositions are left, and the rest are removed. Such parts are 2 and 6. But since sentence 2 refers to subordinate clauses, then 6 should also be like that, since it is connected with 2 by a coordinating conjunction. It's easy to check. It is enough to insert a conjunction that has a sentence of 2 and connect it with 6 with the main one related to 2. Example: The dispute is that any order will be carried out by me. Based on this, we can say that in both cases there is a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, only in 6 the conjunction “what” is omitted.

Conclusion

It turns out that this sentence is complex with homogeneously related subordinate clauses (2 and 6 sentences), in parallel (3-4, 5-7) and sequentially (2-3, 2-4, 6-5, 6-7). To place punctuation marks, you need to determine the boundaries of simple elements. In this case, the possible combination of several unions at the border of proposals is taken into account.

There does not have to be one subordinate clause in an IPP. There may be several of them. Then it is worth considering all the options for what kind of relationship develops between subordinate clauses and the main one.

It is also worth clarifying that the scheme of a complex sentence can be not only linear ( horizontal), as in the examples above. Flowcharts ( vertical).

So, for several subordinate clauses the following cases are possible:

Homogeneous submission. All subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (or to some word in its composition). In addition, they answer one question. And subordinate clauses are connected to each other according to the same principle as homogeneous members of a sentence.

The children stamped their feet with impatience and couldn’t wait until it was time to set off, when they would finally see the sea, when everyone could run around along the shore to their heart’s content.

Parallel subordination. All subordinate clauses refer to the main clause. But they answer different questions.

When it was her turn to choose, Olya took the box that came to her hand first.

Consistent submission. One subordinate clause is attached to the main clause (it is called a subordinate clause of the first degree). Another subordinate clause, of the second degree, is added to the subordinate clause of the first degree. By the way, with this type of subordination one subordinate clause can be included in another.

The guys decided that together they would cope with the difficult task, which Misha courageously decided to put on his shoulders.

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence

A reasonable question may arise as to why all these NGN schemes are needed. They have at least one practical purpose - an obligatory part of the syntactic parsing of a complex sentence is the compilation of its diagram.

In addition, the diagram of a complex sentence will help to correctly analyze it for parsing.

SPP parsing diagram includes the following task items:

Determine whether the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.

What - according to emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

To prove that a sentence is complex, you need to define and indicate the grammatical basics.

Indicate what type of connection between parts of a complex sentence is present: conjunction, intonation.

Indicate the type of complex sentence: complex sentence.

Indicate how many simple sentences are included in a complex one, and by what means subordinate clauses are attached to the main one.

Label the main and subordinate parts. In the case of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, they should be designated by numbers (degrees of subordination).

Indicate which word in the main sentence (or the entire sentence) is associated with the subordinate clause.

Note the way of connecting the predicative parts of a complex sentence: a conjunction or a conjunctive word.

If there are any, indicate indicative words in the main part.

Indicate the type of subordinate clause: explanatory, attributive, connecting, adverbial.

And finally, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what “sequential submission” is in other dictionaries:

consistent submission

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