Federal Law on Education. V

The development of educational programs for preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equal opportunities for every child in receiving preschool education.

The new law “On Education” spells out state guarantees for “compulsory preschool education.” Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, universal access and freeness of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee from the state that it undertakes obligations and formally enshrines this in the law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education." The parent will decide for himself where to send his child - to kindergarten , family group, non-governmental institution or will

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if they have established appropriate consultation centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation".

According to the new Law “On Education”, preschool education is separated from childcare and supervision. Supervision and care of children can be carried out not only educational organizations, but also other organizations carrying out educational activities. Supervision and care of children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Preschool education is free, but childcare and childcare are subject to fees. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder is given the right not to charge fees or to reduce their size for certain categories of parents. Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms for compensation of part of the parental payment remain the same: at least 20% of the average amount of parental payment for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such payment for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the emergence of another normative document: in accordance with Part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the “Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in general educational programs of preschool education.” This regulatory act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or providing supervision and care for children.

So, Dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the school year and wish you creative, fruitful success in implementing the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

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Parents meeting “New Law “On Education”. Changes in the legislative framework of preschool institutions"

Parent meeting New law on education. Changes to the legislative framework preschool

From January 1, 2014, paragraphs 3 and 6 of part 1 of Article 8, as well as paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 9, come into force.

Education levels

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time preschool education is recognized independent level general education, and this means must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (Article 5, Part 3, including preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of the individual, society and state

(EDUCATION LAW, 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and state, as well as the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence certain volumes and difficulties for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual, moral, creative, physical and professional development person, satisfying his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW “ON EDUCATION”, 2013, CHAPTER 1, ARTICLE 2)

1. In the Russian Federation, the right of every person to education is guaranteed.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation public associations(Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraph 1, 2)

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if appropriate consultation centers have been created in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.”

According to the new Law “On Education”, preschool education is separated from childcare and supervision. Supervision and care of children can be provided not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Supervision and care of children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine. Preschool education is free, but childcare and childcare are subject to fees. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder is given the right not to charge fees or to reduce their size for certain categories of parents. Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms for compensation of part of parental fees remain the same: at least 20% of the average amount of parental fees for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such fees for the third child and subsequent children

Federal State Educational Standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for Federal state standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do we need a standard?

This is a requirement of the law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, which came into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, preschool education is recognized as an independent level of general education, and this means it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT imposed requirements on the structure and conditions for the implementation of the main educational program, Federal State Educational Standards for Educational Education also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is departure from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, gain skills in the game individual work and group interaction, learning to learn. Exactly at preschool age basic personality qualities and key social skills are formed - multiculturalism, respect for other people, commitment to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to begin the formation of a child’s self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard has the following objectives

ensuring by the state equal opportunities for every child to receive quality preschool education;

Security state guarantees the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Maintaining Unity educational space Russian Federation regarding the level of preschool education.

On the basis of the standards, the main educational program of preschool education OOP DO is being developed, which will determine a set of basic characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUNs or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the pedagogical process. The program is approved organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”).

Interaction between family and preschool institution

Parents have primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, whose best interests should be the primary concern of the parents.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of minor students (pupils) have a priority right to the education and upbringing of children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations of physical, moral and intellectual development child's personality.

(Article 44, part 1)

"Government authorities and local government, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (legal upbringing of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development individual abilities and the necessary correction of their developmental disorders.”

(Article 44, part 2)

For failure to fulfill or improper performance of responsibilities for raising children, parents can be held accountable for various types of legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses(“Failure of parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill obligations for the maintenance and upbringing of minors”);

Civil law (Articles 1073 – 1075 Civil Code Russian Federation) ;

Family law (Article 69 “Deprivation of parental rights”, Article 73 “Limitation of parental rights” of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Failure to fulfill obligations to raise a minor”)

For failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of duties established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, parents (legal representatives) of minor students bear responsibility under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law on Education, Chapter 4, Article 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family means trips to the country in the summer.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, shopping, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good things, excitement and trepidation,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family means a lot of housework

Family is important!

Family is difficult!

And it is impossible to live happily alone!

for your attention!

Attached files:

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August conference

“Changes in the activities of preschool educational organizations within the framework of the new law “On Education of the Russian Federation”

Ivanova O. G., head of MADO No. 2

Hello, dear colleagues, today, in connection with the adoption of the new law on education of the Russian Federation, we are faced with simple task, determine the prospects for the development of a preschool educational institution.

The law is a normative act establishing legal basis functioning of the education system and with the exception of certain provisions, comes into force on September 1, 2013.

The federal law establishes a new classification of educational institutions and, by January 1, 2016, preschool institutions must be renamed preschool organizations, the main purpose of which is the implementation of educational programs for preschool education, supervision and care of children.

The most significant change regarding preschool education is that it becomes the first stage of general education. Accordingly, there will be changed requirements for it, affecting the quality and accessibility of preschool education, which are reflected in the federal state educational standards and are not accompanied by intermediate and final certification of students.

Understanding the importance upcoming work and the short time frame in which changes need to be made, our teaching staff has already developed a basic general education program for preschool education, which is built on the basis of an approximate basic educational program “From birth to school” edited by Veraks N. E., Komarova T. S. and Vasilyeva M. A. The program takes into account federal government requirements to the structure of the basic general education program adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on November 23, 2009. The program has a review by the National Medical Center and is included in the license for educational activities.

For the new academic year, we set ourselves the task of modernizing the existing program taking into account federal state educational standards and in accordance with the list of approximate basic educational programs included in the unified register of the state information system.

According to Article 91 of the new law on education, all educational organizations operate on the basis of a license. Today, we, like all preschool organizations in the city, have a license for educational and medical-formative activities, but in order to comply with the law on education, it is necessary to reissue these licenses before January 1, 2016 and enter a new name for the organizations.

Article 20 clearly defines the forms, order and conditions of innovative and experimental detail in the field of education. Two experimental sites have been created on the basis of our kindergarten:

1. Regional platform on the topic “Formation physical culture and culture of healthy lifestyle among pupils in conditions networking preschool educational institutions"

2. city platform on the topic “Children’s journalism as a means of increasing the cognitive and speech development of preschool children”

According to Article 54 of the new law on education, organizations have the right to provide paid Additional services. Our kindergarten has experience in this area. All services are included in the institution’s charter, prices are set for them by decree of the city administration, and services are provided on the basis of agreements with the parents (legal representatives) of the students.

Another way to attract extrabudgetary funds for us is participation in grants, projects and competitions. During the year, our teaching staff participated in

regional competition of health-saving programs and methodological developments"School of Health"
in the all-Russian competition “Days of protection from environmental hazards”
in the regional competition “New Wave” and many others
kindergarten entered social program fund " New Eurasia"and the SUEK-Regions Fund.

Winning these competitions will help improve the quality of the educational process through the introduction of new methods and technologies.

In the new law on education great attention focuses on rights and responsibilities teaching staff. The responsibility of teachers for the final result of the educational process increases; to solve this problem, they will have to work more actively with parents to solve the problem of kindergarten attendance, since this problem is relevant for most preschool organizations.

According to Article 99, the wages of teaching staff must correspond to the average wage in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Since January 2013, teachers' salaries have been increased, which currently amounts to 21,701 rubles, and we can say that this article of the law is being fully implemented.

Educational process in preschool organization carried out on the basis of Federal legislation, but the procedure and content of these local acts were not regulated. In accordance with Articles 26 and 30 of the new law on education, clear requirements for the content and procedure for the adoption of local acts of an educational organization will be established. Which will entail the need for their changes.

Much attention is paid to public control bodies that actively participate in the management of the organization. In our kindergarten this is the supervisory board, whose activities are regulated by the charter and regulations.

The supervisory board includes representatives teaching staff, the public, education authorities and parents. Meetings are held quarterly, where a report on the activities of the institution is presented, prices for paid services are approved and issues of financing and financial and economic activities are resolved. The competence of the supervisory board also includes assessing the quality of work of the teaching staff.

According to Article 29 of the Law “On Education,” we post all information about our activities on the website, where more than 80 articles and documents were published during this academic year in accordance with the Rules for posting information on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet.

The financing system for preschool educational organizations will change significantly. Now funding is clearly delineated in the following areas: educational activities and supervision and care. Preschool education is financed by analogy with school education - by local governments and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Parents pay for supervision and care.

Today, parents pay only the cost of food for their children; at the same time, according to Article 65, they receive compensation for part of the parental fees depending on the number of children in the family, and from January 1, 2014, the parental fee will include the costs of maintaining children in a preschool organization.

According to Article 8 of the Education Law, greater financial support is provided to private preschool educational organizations with subsidies allocated to them to reimburse costs, including the cost of wages, the purchase of benefits, etc. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen efforts to expand the list of alternative forms of preschool education.

Dear Colleagues! The legislator has clearly established the deadlines for the implementation of the provisions of the new federal law, which is for us an action plan to comply with legislation in the field of education; we have to:

1. Make changes to the name and Charters of educational organizations no later than January 1, 2016.

2. Make appropriate changes to licenses for educational and medical-pharmaceutical activities before January 1, 2016.

Although organizational events in connection with the adoption of the new law on education in the Russian Federation” are minimized if possible, it is necessary to begin work on changes in accordance with the legislation today.

In conclusion, I would like to congratulate everyone on the new academic year, I wish all of us smart children, understanding parents and creative teachers.

Thank you for your attention.

Material nsportal.ru

Article 23 Law on Education in the Russian Federation (New!). Types of educational organizations

Article 23. Types of educational organizations

1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.

2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement basic educational programs:

1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities according to educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care for children;

2) general educational organization - an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education as the main goal of its activities;

3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that carries out educational activities under educational programs of secondary vocational education and (or) vocational training programs as the main goal of its activities;

4) educational organization higher education- an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of higher education and scientific activities as the main goal of its activities.

3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations implementing additional educational programs are established:

1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities in additional general education programs as the main goal of its activities;

2) organization of additional professional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities in additional professional programs as the main goal of its activities.

4. Educational organizations specified in parts 2 and 3 of this article have the right to carry out educational activities according to the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main goal of their activities:

1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;

2) general education organizations- educational programs for preschool education, additional general education programs, vocational training programs;

3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

4) educational organizations of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

5) organizations of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;

6) organizations of additional professional education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.

5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.

6. The name of the educational organization may use names indicating the features of the educational activities carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, integration various types educational programs, the content of the educational program, special conditions for their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additional functions related to the provision of education (content, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research , technological activities and other functions).

More details www.zakonrf.info

On changes in the new law on education

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” combined two existing laws “On Education” and “On Higher and postgraduate education", and whole line current regulatory legal acts in the field of education. What is new in this law affects all levels. In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced: educational organization, organization providing training, organizations carrying out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of a teaching worker; and others.

In preschool education

Preschool education becomes an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards. It is separated from “supervision and care” for children, i.e. Teaching a child in kindergarten will be free, but you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder.

Low-income parents, by decision of the founder, may pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and tuberculosis patients are exempt from the fee.

In the field of general secondary education

The powers of regional government bodies and local self-government bodies are being redistributed to ensure guarantees of the rights of citizens to receive publicly accessible and free preschool education. The closure of a rural school can only occur with the approval of the village assembly.

The names of types and types of educational organizations are changing. The law makes no mention of gymnasiums and lyceums. The specialization of an educational institution may be indicated in its name.

Those who live in the territory to which the school is attached have the right of priority to enroll in the first ticket offices.

To schools from in-depth study Admission of any subjects will be carried out individually in middle and high schools.

The features of education for foreigners and stateless persons, convicted persons are determined.

The child’s right to quality inclusive education in adapted programs. Schools that will introduce inclusive programs are required to create children with disabilities health conditions for receiving quality education without discrimination.

The concept of “safety of the school environment” has been introduced, which simplifies the filing of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

Disciplinary measures are discussed in more detail. Students will be subject to more stringent requirements regarding discipline and academic performance, including expulsion from school, incl. and in case of failure by the student to fulfill his obligations to conscientiously master the educational program and implement the curriculum.

The concepts of network and e-learning, which can be used at all levels of education.

Unified State Exam results will be valid for 4 years.

The law enshrines the principle of the secular nature of education in public school and practice of teaching ORKSE. Religious organizations received the right to check the course program for compliance with religious doctrine, and also recommend their teachers to work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of teachers and leaders. The rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are also regulated in more detail.

As for teachers' remuneration, according to the law it cannot be lower than the average salary in the corresponding region. A teacher must undergo course retraining every 3 years, and not once every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education at the same time.

It is allowed to select students for creative educational institutions based on their abilities immediately after they graduate primary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In the field of higher education

According to the new law on education, there must be at least 800 state-funded students for every 10 thousand people aged 17 to 30 years.

Benefits for entering a university are being reduced, and instead, certain categories of benefit recipients are given the opportunity to study for free preparatory courses. Disabled children who were not included in the quota, as well as orphans, disabled people of groups I and II, young people under 20 years old who have a single disabled parent of group I, Chernobyl victims, children of military personnel are entitled to free training in preparatory courses (only once). , employees of internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies.

It will be possible to enter a university only by Unified State Exam results, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities) where you will have to take additional exams.

Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads are given the right to enter a university without entrance examinations. For admission “to the budget” out of competition for disabled children, a quota of 10% of the total number has been established budget places in a specific direction (specialization), provided successful completion them entrance examinations.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority residential premises in student dormitory, and they are exempt from accommodation fees. For other students, the educational organization itself makes a decision on setting fees. In military universities, the priority right of admission, other things being equal, is given to “children of citizens undergoing military service under a contract and having total duration military service twenty years or more."

The law obliges all universities to participate in monitoring by the Ministry of Education and Science.

On September 1, 2013, the new law on education in Russia comes into force Consultant Plus

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - personnel training highly qualified) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistantship internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications students.

The law expands the circle of entities that have the right to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of “non-educational” organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law contains a separate article devoted to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs conducting educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students in vocational education institutions.

The Law contains separate norms dedicated to:

Credit-module system for organizing the educational process and a system of credit units;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including a mechanism for crediting the results of mastering individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

Use of remote educational technologies V educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovation activity in the field of education. In addition, the models have been updated economic activity in the field of education.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force. For certain provisions of the new Law, different dates for their entry into force are established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws adopted in accordance with it come into force. Among them, in particular:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 15, 2013 N 706 “On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 24, 2013 N 370 “On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 24, 2013 N 438 “On state information system"Register of organizations carrying out educational activities according to state accredited educational programs";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 “On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet and updating information about the educational organization”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 “On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) qualifications”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 25, 2013 N 627 “On approval of requirements for the implementation state control(supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret";

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 “On approval of the nomenclature of positions for teaching staff of organizations carrying out educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 6, 2013 N 160 “On approval of the Procedure for creating in educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations carrying out scientific (research) activities, laboratories carrying out scientific (research) and (or) scientific and technical activities";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 15, 2013 N 185 “On approval of the Procedure for applying disciplinary measures to students and removing disciplinary measures from students”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2013 N 292 “On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in basic vocational training programs”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.06.2013 N 443 “On approval of the Procedure and cases of transition of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education from paid education to free”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 13, 2013 N 455 “On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 462 “On approval of the Procedure for conducting self-examination by educational organizations”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 464 “On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education”, etc.

Date of publication on the website: 01/04/2013

Law on Education: features of regulation of preschool education | Articles | Directory of the head of a preschool institution

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, which comes into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current regulatory act? What's new in the regulation of preschool education?

The new law on education differs quite significantly from the old one. The provisions of the Russian Federation Law “On Education” concerned mainly managerial and financial-economic relations in the field of education. The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including establishing requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and professional education. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

preschool education;
basic general education;
secondary general education.

Thus, preschool education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs for preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.

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Source www.resobr.ru

Law on education in the Russian Federation - 273 Federal Law, adopted State Duma On December 21, 2012, it completely regulates the education sector in our country. For managers, this document is reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all provisions. It is advisable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the basic provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic Concepts

Education is a single, purposeful process of upbringing and training an individual, the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, installations. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using the terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and normal.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), physical development.

education requirement

A teaching worker is a person who carries out the educational process. It consists of labor relations with an educational organization, performs certain job responsibilities, receiving for this wages. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for hiring a teacher in a school or a teacher in a kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal to see as a teacher a person who himself had difficulty finishing school at one time. In the absence of professional personnel and low pay for teachers, few people went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes a ban on studying pedagogical activity persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that the right to be an education worker has a person who has completed or higher educational institution. Education alone is not enough. It will still be necessary to go through additional specialization“Pedagogy”, if the applicant’s university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for completing the following levels of education:

Basic general.
Average overall.
Initial professional.
A professional environment.
Higher education - bachelor's degree.
Higher education is a specialty.
Higher education - master's degree.

Education system

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in unified system education:

and instructions are regulatory documents according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. The status of the educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, government - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to provide training based on standards .
Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
Federal government bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budgetary schools. They also conduct assessment activities in the controlled areas of all schools.
Associations of natural or legal entities carrying out educational activities. A striking example serves as a trade union of teaching workers.

Goals of federal state standards

Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” key place assigns federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, key task- maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of short-term political or economic gain.
Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the strict totalitarian framework of unity when receiving it. Depending on abilities, desires, time are created various options achieving certain goals.
Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

It's hard to imagine to the Soviet man, but the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of training:

IN traditional form- in specialized educational institutions.
In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

In person.
Correspondence.
Full-time and part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the century information technologies It has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, and rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” is a new law. However, he does not highlight Remote education in a separate category. The student is at home, preparing for individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely using communication channels. Therefore, distance education falls under the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive it. The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” allows for this possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Kinds

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

Family education.
Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of education to the family. Exactly for similar form the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of involving child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still don’t see a problem with their children cleaning floors while on duty at school. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in labor. Technology and labor training classes are mandatory. It is on them that students legally, in accordance with federal government programs, are required to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else is only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, rules final certifications etc. Most interesting points We discussed this Law in the article.

Chapter 7. General education

Chapter 8. Professional education

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education for certain categories of students

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education

new basic law on education in Russia

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law was developed in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistantship internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students in vocational education institutions.

The law contains separate norms dedicated to:

Credit-module system for organizing the educational process and a system of credit units;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the education sector have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force.

Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is social relations arising in the field of education in connection with the implementation of the right to education, ensuring state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, and determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

For parents with a small child, the issue of entering kindergarten and receiving preschool education is relevant. In kindergarten, the child receives an initial basic level of knowledge, is socialized and prepared for subsequent schooling.

There is a list of categories of institutions for preschool education:

General educational institution;
Institution for correction of development of children with disabilities;
Combined educational institution;
Special center for enhanced development;
Kindergarten with child care and rehabilitation.

It should be remembered that the number of places in such institutions is limited and send your child to junior group Possible from two months, and in first grade from 7 years.

General provisions

There is no separate law on the admission of children to kindergarten, but information about this area is formalized in the Federal Law on Education. Federal Law 273 was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, and approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012. Last changes were added to it on December 29, 2017. Preschool education is formalized in chapter number 7, article 64.

Read about Federal Law No. 152

According to Article 64 of the law described, preschool education is only the initial stage in personal development. During training in preschool education, the cultural, personal, physical, aesthetic, moral and intellectual components of the personality are formed. Kindergarten teachers prepare minors for future studies at school and other educational institutions, help strengthen the child’s health and develop him comprehensively.

Specially designed programs help to individually approach the education of each child, taking into account the characteristics of his character, helping to form new qualities or change bad habits or traits. Preschool education helps prepare a minor to achieve the appropriate level of knowledge and skills so that at a certain age he can go to first grade. For the development and support of children, this law has compiled a list of activities that are considered acceptable for conducting classes in kindergartens. Kindergartens and preschools do not conduct tests, exams or quizzes.

The mother, father or other official representatives of the minor have the right to receive free help and support in the areas of education, diagnostics, psychology and pedagogy, as well as to receive advice on educational methods. Consultations are provided to parents only in cases where the kindergarten has consultation centers that comply with legal standards. The listed types of assistance are provided only by government employees. authorities of Russia.

For budgetary institutions preschool education, the state allocates funds for the purchase of:

Toys suitable for the age of each kindergarten group;
Educational books, magazines and other printed objects;
Furniture that complies with legal and sanitary standards;
Products, according to the state organs of the diet, helping children receive all the elements necessary for growth and development, etc.

A minor is enrolled in kindergarten for free; according to Russian laws, additional payments are not made at the expense of parents. A special contract for the child’s enrollment in kindergarten is drawn up, executed and signed.

To enroll a child in kindergarten, a parent must draw up an application and submit it at his place of residence in special commission on staffing educational institutions. In the application, the minor’s representative specifies the preferred educational institutions and the commission puts the child on the register to receive a place. It should be remembered that the time for submitting an application is limited to a certain period, which is formed every year by the state and published on the official websites of the Government.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a baby can be sent to the youngest group starting from 2 months, but doctors do not recommend doing this, since his immunity has not yet strengthened. Doctors' recommendations boil down to the fact that it is best to send a child to kindergarten starting from the age of two. No organization has the right to refuse parents a place without special reasons, and a respectful reason there can only be one - lack of empty seats.

There is also an electronic queue that parents can use. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, an application must be submitted to the electronic queue no later than July.

The order of categories of citizens for admission to kindergartens using electronic queues has been determined:

Children entering out of turn;
The category of children who, by law, enter first in line;
If the family has changed its place of residence or one of the parents has been transferred from the place of work;
Category of citizens whose children are admitted to an institution at their place of residence;
Optional.

When submitting an application to the electronic queue, electronic documents or scans of papers are required. On the official websites of the state. services on the Internet contains information on how you can sign up for an electronic queue or check your own place in this queue.

Latest changes made to the law on kindergartens in the Russian Federation

The latest changes to information on preschool education under Federal Law No. 273 were made on December 29, 2015.

Changes occurred in article number 65, paragraph 5. According to these changes, if parents send their child to a preschool education institution, they are entitled to appropriate support in the form of compensation. The monetary amount is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulations of the Government of Russia. The payment should not exceed 20% of the total amount paid by parents for caring for a minor. The payment is also 50% of the amount if the family has a second child and 70% of the total amount if it is the third, etc. The average size payments for child care are established local authorities executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The following have the right to receive compensation:

Mother or father of the child;
Close relative by proxy from parents;
Legal representative of a minor;
An employee of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities to whom the child is assigned (for spending on the needs of the baby).

Read the latest version of the Federal Law on guardians

Authorities have the right to independently decide and calculate the criterion of a family’s need. If the decision was positive, the authorities issued a document with information that the family needs funds, the parents can come with an application for compensation to the local government center.

Download the law on kindergartens in the new edition

There is no law on the provision of kindergarten, but the information necessary for families is formalized in the Federal Law on Education. This part is dedicated to separate chapter, which provides detailed information about the methods and processes for enrolling a child in kindergarten. According to statistics, almost every family has one or two children, so the information is relevant and it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the text of the law being described. To avoid conflict situations, which are now occurring more and more often between parents and employees of educational and preschool institutions, it is recommended to adhere to the provisions of Federal Law 273.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas government controlled. This is especially true in the preschool sector. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On Education”273 dated December 29, 2012. Behind last years The law on preschool education has undergone many changes, including amendments to the regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64 of the Federal Law “On Education” states that preschool education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. Provided by law programs involve taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms characteristic of preschool children.

For this form of training, no intermediate or final methods of monitoring progress and certification are provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to provide their child with a so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all established by law on preschool education requirements, has the right to free government support in the form of methodological, psychological, pedagogical, and advisory resources.

Fundamentals of legislation

After the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, preschool education became an independent level of the general system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept and seriously influenced the organization of preschool education.

The innovations are designed to ensure greater accessibility to the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document that have come into force will allow many parents to correctly navigate based on the current law on preschool education.

Changes to the Federal Law address important issues:

features of admitting children to kindergartens;
procedure for providing educational services;
privileges;
operating hours of preschool institutions;
educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first stage

Most parents (even those who have recently had a child or are still holding a toddler) sooner or later face the question of a kindergarten. Preschool education, being the first stage of general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all young citizens of the Russian Federation with their rightful place in a preschool institution.

The accessibility of preschool education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. Accepted the federal law on preschool education regulates these issues to a certain extent and is intended to reduce the percentage of children who do not attend kindergarten. Whether this is good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new law on preschool education, every child, regardless of place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can enroll their baby in a nursery group starting at 2 months. The issue is being resolved with nursery groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis. A child must be admitted to kindergarten when he or she reaches three years old. No educational institution has the right to refuse admission to parents (legal representatives), subject to availability of places.

Amendments

The amendments made to the federal law on preschool education (amended in 2017) involve the regulation of a number of points in the preschool education system:

A gradual decrease (by more than 1.5 times) in the number of permanent stay groups in a child care institution.
Granting the child the right to receive free education if the parents have chosen a group operating only on an educational basis.
The emergence of specialized consultation centers where parents and children are provided with psychological, pedagogical and advisory support.
Preschool institutions are given the right (not the obligation) to provide care and supervision for the child within the walls of the institution, as well as to implement an educational function.
Compensation payments for payment are provided.
If there are no places, the preschool institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a child aged one and a half to three years and older.
Legal representatives (parents) of a minor receive the right to submit an application for a place in another kindergarten where there are opportunities.

Rules for registering a child in a preschool institution

First of all, you must send an application to your place of residence in special department on staffing preschool institutions. This form indicates what is most appropriate for the child. educational institution. After this, representatives of the commission enter an application into the database, and the minor is placed on a waiting list for a place in the specified kindergarten. It must be taken into account that the official administrative portal often indicates specific deadlines and application form.

Possibilities of electronic application to kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies There is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can be used by the child’s legal representative. The deadlines for submission are also strictly specified on the portal.

To complete an electronic application, you must have all necessary documents V in electronic format. Rules and features of online registration are posted on official pages Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only make an appointment, but also check your queue.

Conditions for preferential education in a preschool institution

Changes in the latest version of the law on preschool education concern the provision of places in preschool institutions without waiting lists to certain categories of persons.

orphans, children without parental care, guardians, adopted children;
minors whose parents were victims of the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident;
children with orphan parents (or left without care), whose age ranges from 18-23 years;
children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, investigative committee, law enforcement;
minors with disabled parents, single mothers, or from large families;
children of specialists working in preschool institutions, as well as those who have a brother or sister studying at this institution;
minors whose parents are serving in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Procedure if there is no space in the garden

The latest version of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation contains amendments that give parents the right to write an additional application to transfer their child to another institution.

If parents are denied enrollment without existing regulatory grounds specified in the Federal Law, they have the right to file a complaint with the city administration. The received appeal must be considered without fail, and a decision must be made within the time limits established by law.

If an application is refused or a decision is made not in favor of the child, parents have the right to go to the prosecutor’s office or other higher authorities in order to resolve such a situation.

State compensation for preschool fees

According to the amendments to Art. 65, in paragraph 5, preschool education is divided into:

education implemented within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard, provided free of charge;
services regarding the care and supervision of children, which parents must pay for.

According to the law, parents have the right, when registering their child for kindergarten, to receive material support from the state or compensation to pay for these services. The amount of payments is regulated legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent ones. The fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a specific period.

Persons entitled to receive government support are strictly defined by the current legislation. These include:

parents of the minor (mother, father);
relatives in whose name a power of attorney has been issued by the parents;
legal representatives of the child;
specialists from guardianship and trusteeship authorities assigned to pupils.

Exemption of parents from payment

Based on amendments to Article 65, paragraph 3 of the law on preschool education of the Russian Federation regulates benefits either complete liberation from fees for preschool education for a certain category of pupils. Which ones exactly will be discussed using an example below.

Thus, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, fees in state institutions implementing preschool educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

This measure applies to parents of disabled children, children with tuberculosis intoxication, minors without parental care, and orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and providing support to the vulnerable and socially unprotected layers population, the solution of whose problems is given special attention at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

Changes in the law on preschool education directly influence the formation of a system of private educational practice. These opportunities are guaranteed by law by removing certain restrictive measures regulating the right to provide services in the field of education.

Increase in number non-governmental institutions who are not under state guardianship will, to some extent, reduce the waiting list for government institutions.

Ensuring high-quality provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and norms of the law on the education of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and from private kindergartens, will ensure that the needs of preschool children are met.

The implementation of the assigned tasks will allow many parents to timely engage in social processes in society, going out old place work or gain new knowledge, retrain for a more in-demand specialty.

Amendments regarding financial security

Financial issues related to the costs of basic preschool educational programs from 01/01/2014 moved to the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as the school education system).

Based on Art. 65, clause 4 of the Federal Law, for municipal government institutions there are a number of rules regarding financial support:

It is prohibited to include in the parental contribution expenses for the basic educational program or for the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
Payment for the provision of services aimed at the supervision and care of children should not exceed the maximum amount established within the framework of regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and features of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens implementing basic preschool educational programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard are given the right to receive funding for their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New version of the law

For the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone many transformations and, under the influence of critics, has been reformed more than once. These circumstances indicate how acute the problems of education are facing the state, including in the preschool sector.

The latest edition of the law on preschool education dated August 14, 2018, most succinctly and clearly formulates the solution to many previously not covered issues. At the same time, guarantees are provided from the state for effective changes in the education system as a whole.

In the updated version of the Federal Law “On Education” dated January 1, 2019, which has not yet entered into force, there are no changes regarding the basic laws of preschool education.