Educational programs determine the content of education.
Educational program, developed on the basis of the federal educational standard (educational standard), is a complex of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and forms of certification. The complex of the above-mentioned characteristics is presented in the form of a curriculum, academic calendar, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials (Article 2, paragraph 9 of the commented Law).
In Art. 3 of the commented Law, among the basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education, the humanistic nature of education is enshrined. In accordance with this principle, the legislator, in Part 1 of the commented article, established that the content of education should promote “mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of ideological approaches, promote the realization of students’ right to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and sociocultural values accepted in the family and society"
As for the content of vocational education and vocational training, it must provide qualifications - a level of knowledge, abilities, skills and competence that characterizes readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity.
The legislation divides educational programs into basic and additional depending on the level of education at which these programs are implemented.
Basic educational programs (GEP) are implemented at the levels of general and vocational education, as well as vocational training.
Additional educational programs are implemented in additional education.
The system of educational programs can be presented as follows.
Educational programs in the Russian Federation
1. Basic educational programs
1.1. Basic general education programs :
1.1.1. educational programs of preschool education;
1.1.2. educational programs of primary general education;
1.1.3. educational programs of basic general education;
1.1.4. educational programs of secondary general education.
1.2. Basic professional educational programs:
1.2.1. educational programs of secondary vocational education
1.2.1.a. training programs for skilled workers and employees;
1.2.1.b. training programs for mid-level specialists;
1.2.2. educational programs of higher education:
1.2.2.a. undergraduate programs;
1.2.2.b. specialty programs;
1.2.2.c. master's programs;
1.2.2.g. programs for training scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate (adjunct) studies;
1.2.2.d. residency programs;
1.2.2.e. assistantship-internship programs.
1. 3. Basic professional programs training:
1.3.1. vocational training programs for blue-collar professions and white-collar positions;
1.3.2. retraining programs for workers and employees;
1.3.3. advanced training programs for workers and employees.
2. Additional educational programs
2.1. Additional general education programs:
2.1.1. additional general development programs;
2.1.2. additional pre-professional programs.
2.2. Additional professional programs:
2.2.1. advanced training programs;
2.2.2. professional retraining programs.
As a general rule, an organization carrying out educational activities independently develops and approves its educational programs.
Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education and taking into account the corresponding exemplary educational programs for preschool education (Part 6 of the commented article).
Organizations carrying out educational activities under educational programs that have state accreditation develop educational programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards and taking into account the corresponding approximate basic educational programs (Part 7 of the commented article).
An exception to this rule is legally established for educational organizations of higher education that have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards. Such organizations develop educational programs of higher education independently based on their own educational standards.
The list of educational organizations endowed with this right is established by Part 10 of Art. 11 of the commented law. It includes:
Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University;
Educational organizations of higher education for which the category “federal university” has been established;
Educational organizations of higher education for which the category “national research university” has been established;
Federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 9, 2008 No. 1332 “On approval of the list of federal state educational organizations of higher education that have the right to develop and independently approve educational standards at all levels of higher education”) .
As already noted, an educational organization forms its educational program on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard and taking into account the corresponding approximate basic educational programs.
Under approximate basic educational program means educational and methodological documentation that defines the recommended volume and content of education at a certain level and (or) a certain focus, the planned results of mastering an educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of an educational program.
Such educational and methodological documentation includes:
Sample curriculum,
Approximate calendar training schedule,
Approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules).
Sample programs are developed according to:
basic general education programs:
Educational programs for preschool education;
Educational programs of primary general education;
Educational programs of basic general education;
Educational programs of secondary general education;
main professional educational programs:
- educational programs of secondary vocational education (training programs for qualified workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists);
Educational programs of higher education (bachelor's programs, specialty programs, master's programs, postgraduate (adjunct) training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, assistantship-internship programs);
Basic educational programs in terms of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules).
The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs is approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated May 28, 2014 No. 594 “On approval of the Procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary educational programs”). basic educational programs").
Projects of approximate basic general education programs are developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. They are sent by the developers to organize an examination to the Federal Educational and Methodological Association for General Education (UME for General Education), created by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. If the federal Educational Institution is the developer of the draft of the approximate basic general education program, then it independently organizes an examination of the draft of the approximate basic general education program.
Authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of approximate basic general education programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics).
Exemplary programs in terms of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) aimed at obtaining knowledge by students about the fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation, about moral principles, about the historical and cultural traditions of the world religion (world religions) are examined in a centralized religious organization for compliance of their content with the creed, historical and cultural traditions of this organization in accordance with its internal regulations.
Drafts of approximate basic professional programs are sent by developers to organize examinations in educational and methodological associations in the vocational education system.
The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate study is provided by federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other equivalent service, service in internal affairs bodies, service in agencies for control of the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Such federal executive bodies include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Drug Control, etc. In accordance with the Federal Law of June 4, 2014 No. 145-FZ “On the Introduction amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on issues of military service in the military prosecutor’s office and military investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation,” the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation will be included among such bodies.
The development of exemplary assistantship internship programs is provided by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, and the development of exemplary residency programs is entrusted to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
In accordance with Part 10 of the commented article, exemplary basic educational programs are included, based on the results of the examination, in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is a state information system. The information contained in this register is publicly available.
Organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register are established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
The register is maintained by the operator by:
Entering into the register the details of the decision to approve the sample program, the details of the decision to transfer the sample program to the section of the archive on which such a decision was made;
Technical support for the functioning of the registry;
Automated processing of information contained in the register;
Providing access to sample programs contained in the registry;
Ensuring the safety of information contained in the register;
Ensuring the protection of information contained in the register.
After approval, the sample program is sent by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation or an educational and methodological association in the vocational education system to the operator, who places the program in the register.
1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people and peoples, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of ideological approaches, promote the realization of the students' right to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his individuals in accordance with the spiritual, moral and sociocultural values accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training must provide qualifications.
2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are implemented at the levels of general and vocational education, vocational training, and additional educational programs for additional education.
3. The main educational programs include:
1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;
2) basic professional educational programs:
A) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for qualified workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;
B) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialty programs, master's programs, training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (postgraduate studies), residency programs, assistantship-internship programs;
3) basic vocational training programs - vocational training programs for blue-collar professions, white-collar positions, retraining programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, advanced training programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers.
4. Additional educational programs include:
1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;
2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.
5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.
6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the corresponding exemplary educational programs for preschool education.
7. Organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs that have state accreditation (with the exception of educational programs of higher education implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational organizations of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the relevant approximate basic educational programs.
8. Educational organizations of higher education, which in accordance with this Federal Law have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education on the basis of such educational standards.
9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.
10. Based on the results of the examination, exemplary basic educational programs are included in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is a state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic educational programs is publicly available.
11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of these exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, conducting examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic educational programs of secondary vocational education containing information constituting the state secret, and exemplary basic educational programs of secondary vocational education in the field of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of general education, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs of higher education, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs of higher education, features of the development, conducting examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic educational programs of higher education containing information constituting a state secret, and approximate basic educational programs higher education programs in the field of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs of higher education, are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of higher education, unless otherwise not established by this Federal Law.
12. Authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of approximate basic general education programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics).
13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is ensured by federal executive authorities and federal state bodies in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in internal affairs bodies, service in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, sample assistantship-internship programs - the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, sample residency programs - the federal executive body performing the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field healthcare.
(see text in the previous edition)
14. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law, develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop corresponding additional professional programs.
15. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, develop and approve exemplary vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.
With changes and additions from:
I. General provisions
1. The procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities under educational programs of secondary vocational education (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure) regulates the organization and implementation of educational activities under educational programs of secondary vocational education, including the features of organizing educational activities for students with disabilities.
2. This Procedure is mandatory for educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education (training programs for skilled workers, employees and training programs for mid-level specialists) (hereinafter referred to as educational organizations).
II. Organization and implementation of educational activities
3. Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational organizations, as well as outside educational organizations.
4. Forms of education and forms of training in educational programs of secondary vocational education are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards.
5. Training in the form of self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently undergo intermediate and state final certification in educational organizations *(1).
8. Federal state educational standards establish the time frame for obtaining secondary vocational education, taking into account various forms of training, educational technologies and the characteristics of individual categories of students *(3).
10. Requirements for the structure, volume, conditions of implementation and results of mastering educational programs of secondary vocational education are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards.
11. Educational programs of secondary vocational education are independently developed and approved by educational organizations.
Educational organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education that have state accreditation develop the specified educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards for the relevant professions, specialties of secondary vocational education and taking into account the corresponding approximate basic educational programs *(4).
Educational programs of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of basic general education, are developed by educational organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education that have state accreditation, based on the requirements of the relevant federal state educational standards of secondary general and secondary vocational education, taking into account the profession or specialty being acquired. secondary vocational education*(5) .
12. The educational program of secondary vocational education includes a curriculum, academic calendar, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), assessment and methodological materials, as well as other components that ensure the education and training of students. The curriculum of the educational program of secondary vocational education determines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities of students and the forms of their intermediate certification.
13. Educational programs of secondary vocational education are implemented by the educational organization both independently and through network forms of their implementation *(6) .
14. When implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education, various educational technologies are used, including distance educational technologies, e-learning *(7).
15. When implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education, an educational organization may use a form of organizing educational activities based on the modular principle of presenting the content of the educational program and constructing curricula, using appropriate educational technologies *(8).
16. The use of teaching methods and means, educational technologies that are harmful to the physical or mental health of students in the implementation of educational programs is prohibited *(9) .
17. The educational program of secondary vocational education provides for practical training for students.
18. Educational organizations annually update educational programs of secondary vocational education, taking into account the development of science, technology, culture, economics, technology and the social sphere.
19. In educational organizations, educational activities are carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation.
In state and municipal educational organizations located on the territory of the republic of the Russian Federation, teaching and learning of the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation may be introduced in accordance with the legislation of the republics of the Russian Federation. Teaching and learning the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation should not be carried out to the detriment of teaching and learning the state language of the Russian Federation *(11) .
Secondary vocational education can be obtained in a foreign language in accordance with the educational program and in the manner established by the legislation on education and local regulations of the educational organization *(12).
20. Educational activities under educational programs of secondary vocational education are organized in accordance with the curriculum approved by the educational organization, calendar educational schedules, in accordance with which the educational organization draws up training schedules for each profession and specialty of secondary vocational education.
21. Persons with an education of at least basic general or secondary general education are allowed to master educational programs of secondary vocational education, with the exception of educational programs of secondary vocational education integrated with educational programs of basic general and secondary general education.
Persons with primary general education are allowed to master educational programs of secondary vocational education, integrated with educational programs of basic general and secondary general education.
22. Receiving secondary vocational education under training programs for mid-level specialists for the first time by persons who have a diploma of secondary vocational education with the qualification of a qualified worker or employee is not obtaining a second or subsequent secondary vocational education again *(13) .
23. Obtaining secondary vocational education on the basis of basic general education is carried out with the simultaneous receipt by students of secondary general education within the framework of the corresponding educational program of secondary vocational education.
The period of studying general education subjects during the period of mastering the corresponding educational program of secondary vocational education is determined by the educational organization independently.
Students receiving secondary vocational education under training programs for mid-level specialists master the profession of a worker (one or more) in accordance with the list of professions of workers, positions of employees recommended for mastery within the educational program of secondary vocational education, in accordance with federal state educational standards for specialties of secondary vocational education.
24. When receiving secondary vocational education in accordance with an individual curriculum, the terms of obtaining education can be changed by the educational organization, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student.
Persons who are qualified in the profession of secondary vocational education and accepted for training in training programs for mid-level specialists in secondary vocational education specialties corresponding to their profession have the right to accelerated training in such programs in accordance with individual curricula.
Training according to an individual curriculum, including accelerated training, within the educational program being mastered, is carried out in the manner established by local regulations of the educational organization * (14).
25. The academic year in educational organizations begins on September 1 and ends in accordance with the curriculum of the relevant educational program. The beginning of the academic year may be postponed by an educational organization when implementing an educational program of secondary vocational education in full-time and part-time education by no more than one month, in part-time education by no more than three months.
26. In the process of mastering educational programs of secondary vocational education, students are provided with vacations.
The duration of vacations provided to students in the process of mastering training programs for skilled workers and employees is at least two weeks in the winter period if the period for receiving secondary vocational education is one year and at least ten weeks in the academic year, including at least two weeks in the winter period - if the period of receiving secondary vocational education is more than one year.
The duration of vacations provided to students in the process of mastering training programs for mid-level specialists ranges from eight to eleven weeks in the academic year, including at least two weeks in the winter.
27. The maximum volume of a student’s teaching load is 54 academic hours per week, including all types of classroom and extracurricular teaching load.
28. The educational activities of students include training sessions (lesson, practical lesson, laboratory session, consultation, lecture, seminar), independent work, completion of a course project (work) (when mastering training programs for mid-level specialists), practice, as well as other types of educational activities defined by the curriculum.
For all types of classroom classes, the academic hour is set at 45 minutes.
The volume of compulsory classroom training and practice should not exceed 36 academic hours per week.
29. The number of students in a study group is no more than 25 people. Based on the specifics of the educational organization, training sessions and practice can be conducted by the educational organization with groups of smaller students and individual students, as well as with the division of the group into subgroups. An educational organization has the right to unite groups of students when conducting training sessions in the form of lectures.
30. Mastering the educational program of secondary vocational education, including a separate part or the entire volume of an academic subject, course, discipline (module) of the educational program, is accompanied by ongoing monitoring of progress and intermediate certification of students. The forms, frequency and procedure for ongoing monitoring of progress and intermediate certification of students are determined by the educational organization independently*(15).
31. The educational organization independently establishes a grading system for intermediate certification.
32. The number of exams in the process of intermediate certification of students should not exceed 8 exams per academic year, and the number of tests - 10. This number does not include exams and tests in physical education and optional training courses, disciplines (modules).
The number of exams and tests in the process of intermediate certification of students when studying in accordance with the individual curriculum is established by this curriculum.
33. The development of educational programs of secondary vocational education ends with a final certification, which is mandatory.
Students who do not have academic debt and have fully completed the curriculum or individual curriculum undergo final certification; when receiving secondary vocational education in educational programs of secondary vocational education that have state accreditation, these students undergo state final certification.
Persons who successfully pass the state final certification in educational programs of secondary vocational education are issued a diploma of secondary vocational education, confirming receipt of secondary vocational education and qualifications in the relevant profession or specialty of secondary vocational education.
Persons who have not passed the final certification or received unsatisfactory results at the final certification, as well as persons who have completed part of the educational program of secondary vocational education and (or) were expelled from an educational organization, are issued a certificate of training or the period of training according to a sample independently established by the educational organization* (16) .
34. Students in educational programs of secondary vocational education who do not have secondary general education have the right to undergo state final certification, which completes the development of educational programs of secondary general education and upon successful completion of which they are issued a certificate of secondary general education. These students undergo state final certification free of charge *(17) .
35. Persons who are mastering the basic educational program in the form of self-education or who have studied in an educational program of secondary vocational education that does not have state accreditation have the right to undergo external intermediate and state final certification in an educational organization that carries out educational activities in the corresponding educational program of secondary vocational education that has state accreditation. These persons who do not have basic general or secondary general education have the right to undergo external intermediate and state final certification in an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to the corresponding basic general education program that has state accreditation, free of charge. When passing certification, external students enjoy the academic rights of students in the relevant educational program *(18) .
36. If the federal state educational standard of secondary vocational education within the framework of one of the types of professional activity provides for the development of a basic vocational training program in the profession of a worker, then based on the results of mastering the professional module of the educational program of secondary vocational education, which includes practical training, the student receives a certificate of worker profession, employee position. The assignment of qualifications for a worker's profession is carried out with the participation of employers.
37. The document on education presented upon admission to an educational organization is issued from the personal file to a person who graduated from an educational organization, who dropped out before graduating from an educational organization, as well as to a student who wishes to enroll in another educational organization, upon his application. In this case, a certified copy of the education document remains in the personal file.
38. Students in educational programs of secondary vocational education, after passing the final certification, are provided, upon their application, with vacations within the period of mastering the corresponding educational program of secondary vocational education, after which the students are expelled in connection with the receipt of education * (19) .
III. Features of organizing educational activities for persons with disabilities
Training in educational programs of secondary vocational education for students with disabilities is carried out on the basis of educational programs of secondary vocational education, adapted, if necessary, for the training of these students *(21).
40. Training in educational programs of secondary vocational education for students with disabilities is carried out by an educational organization, taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development, individual capabilities and health status of such students.
41. Educational organizations must create special conditions for students with disabilities to receive secondary vocational education *(22) .
Special conditions for obtaining secondary vocational education by students with disabilities are understood as the conditions for the training, education and development of such students, including the use of special educational programs and methods of teaching and upbringing, special textbooks, teaching aids and didactic materials, special technical means of collective teaching and individual use, providing the services of an assistant (assistant) who provides students with the necessary technical assistance, conducting group and individual correctional classes, providing access to the buildings of educational organizations and other conditions without which it is impossible or difficult for students with disabilities to master educational programs *(23 ) .
42. In order to ensure the accessibility of secondary vocational education for students with disabilities, the educational organization provides:
1) for students with visual impairments:
adaptation of official websites of educational organizations on the Internet, taking into account the special needs of visually impaired people, bringing them to the international standard for accessibility of web content and web services (WCAG);
placement in places accessible to students who are blind or visually impaired and in an adapted form (taking into account their special needs) reference information about the schedule of lectures, training sessions (must be done in large (the height of capital letters is at least 7.5 cm) in relief-contrast in font (on a white or yellow background) and duplicated in Braille);
the presence of an assistant providing the student with the necessary assistance;
ensuring the production of alternative formats of printed materials (large print or audio files);
ensuring access for a student who is blind and uses a guide dog to the building of an educational organization that has a place to accommodate a guide dog during the student’s training hours;
2) for students with hearing disabilities: duplication of audio reference information about the schedule of training sessions with visual (installation of monitors with the ability to broadcast subtitles (monitors, their size and number must be determined taking into account the size of the room);
provision of appropriate audio means for reproducing information;
3) for students with musculoskeletal disorders, material and technical conditions must ensure the possibility of unhindered access for students to classrooms, canteens, toilets and other premises of the educational organization, as well as their stay in these premises (presence of ramps, handrails, extended door openings, elevators, local lowering of barrier posts to a height of no more than 0.8 m; the presence of special chairs and other devices).
43. The education of students with disabilities can be organized both together with other students, and in separate classes, groups or in separate educational organizations *(24).
The number of students with disabilities in a study group is set to 15 people.
44. When receiving secondary vocational education, students with disabilities are provided with free special textbooks and teaching aids, other educational literature, as well as the services of sign language interpreters and sign language interpreters *(25).
Taking into account the special needs of students with disabilities, the educational organization provides educational and lecture materials in electronic form.
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