The subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins. Approximate range of problems

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis assignments with specialists

Part 1

Seeing your mother in a dream foretells prosperity, joy, and good luck. If she is sick and complains about her illnesses, this means trouble in real life. Seeing her dead means illness in the family and sad news from relatives.

If in a dream your mother is bustling around in the kitchen, cooking dishes, washing dishes, etc., in reality this portends long life and bright prospects that will certainly come true.

Having a long, emotional conversation with your mother means that you will soon receive good news. If your mother is silent and does not want to talk to you, it means that you will be deprived of something extremely necessary.

If in a dream you hear the voice of your mother calling you, this means that you will make a serious mistake in your affairs, but your friends will help you correct it. If you hear your mother crying in a dream, in reality the partners will reveal to you their intentions regarding further joint actions.

Seeing your mother living with you means pleasant responsibilities in married life. Seeing the mother of one of your friends in a sick condition or near death in a dream foreshadows sad events in your home.

Seeing your mother resting in a rocking chair means that you will be visited by happiness that you could not even imagine in your highest dreams. To dream that you are kissing your mother foretells that success in business and the love and respect of friends await you.

If you see a young nursing mother in a dream, this means that you will have a great opportunity to realize your potential. Seeing yourself as a nursing mother means that in reality you will have to refute the accusations against you and fully prove your honesty.

Interpretation of dreams from the Dream Interpretation alphabetically

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Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

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The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the mandatory exams final exams items. Unified State Exam results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each field of study (specialty). Today we will look in detail at one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

Minimum number of points in Russian language:

to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
for admission to a university - 36 points.

Structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. IN exam paper The following types of short-answer tasks are proposed:

tasks open type to record a self-formulated correct answer;
selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, teacher highest category, teaches at high school. Veteran of Labor, Competition Winner the best teachers Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority national project"Education". Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

His, her, his

Him, her, him

His, her, his

To them, to them, to them

About him, about her, about him

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that stormy social change on the continent associated with cycles solar activity , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that what's on Earth large quantities “passionaries” are born - people increased activity , promoting social change and guiding historical movement peoples

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and strengthening ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence keywords, important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by crossing out unimportant information ( various kinds explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text concisely:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.

2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, it is impossible to choose the place of the gap in meaning MEANWHILE );

Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );

Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the given sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the proposal was lost or not lost during the study linguistic experiment its semantic integrity:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.

Boyhood

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In past tense verbs female The accent usually falls on the ending A: took, took, tookA, took, poured in, rushed in, took in, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, started, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct lexical error, choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combined with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Usage examples: accused of theft, accused of lying, accused of embezzlement Money, accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	ACCUSATIVE- containing an accusation. Examples of use: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, accusatory party.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to plant or animal world relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning internal structure a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, radical. 4. (trans.) Intrinsic to someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone or something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; whole, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Secretive: a person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~s people; ~ character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not clearly visible. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: meaning, hint; ~ enmity, irony, pain; ~ excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~ opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting of recording dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTATE- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong point and imposed for unconditional execution on the other, weaker side. Examples: Roman dictate;
ORIGINAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING- document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZVONCHE

V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

Not DROPING not a word

Answer: having spoken

Algorithm for completing the task:

For execution of this assignment need to good knowledge theories.

1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive cases plural nouns (For most nouns male, V initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the shape of genitive case plural: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( Numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlative adjective

Suffixes: *-EE, -E, -SHE* STRONG *HER* LOUD E JUNIOR E	*MORE* *LESS* *MORE* PERSISTENT *LESS* DIFFICULT	Suffixes: *-AYSH-, -EYSH-* DEEP *AISH* II NICE N *EIS* II	*MOST* *MOST* LEAST *MOST* KIND *MOST* DANGEROUS
Comparative adverb degree		Superlative adverb

Suffixes *-EE, -E, -SHE* ACCURATE *HER* VYSH E THINSH E	*MORE* AND *LESS* *MORE* EXACTLY *MORE* HIGH *MORE* THIN		Pronoun *ALL* + simple form comparative degree MORE PRECISELY *ALL* HIGHER *ALL* THINner ALL

The comparative degrees of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in syntactic functions in a sentence: comparative the adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a modifier and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.

There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from the verb perfect form. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.

We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade you can already start working work program for teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Match grammatical errors and sentences in which they are admitted: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) misuse case form noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect construction sentences with dee participial phrase

C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

OFFERS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) In Nekrasov’s poem “ Railway"presents a picture of people's life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From the first of June commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.

8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.

A sentence that is grammatically incorrect is one in which the action expressed by a predicate verb, and action, expressed by a gerund are committed by different persons.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject WHO, the verb-predicate is placed in singular, and with subjects TE (ALL), predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) is that in a series homogeneous members various syntactic structures are included. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Noteworthy

near..native (station)

hug..mother

Sat..regulate

analog..gical

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be vocabulary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Things to remember:

1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(V unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under the stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - to notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)

pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bending, ..give

about..chalk, between..grove

under..yachy, over..eat

Answer: unbending, surrender

For correct execution assignments you need to know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PR- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in this word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on lexical meaning words. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in in this case- “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).

The prefix is missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

nomadic

suede

outshine

thoughtful...

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then indefinite form set the verb conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .

· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.

5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And NN depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before NN in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;

· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before NN only written e ;

before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) are offended...

(patients) recovered..t

sealed

(they) visit..t

Answer: They will be offended

It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation

I conjugation

Heterogeneous conjugates

1) All verbs start with –it,

except shave And lay .

2) and 11 more verbs:

Drive, hold,

breathe, offend.

Hear, see, hate.

And depend and endure.

And also look, twirl .

You will remember, friends,

them on -E- cannot be conjugated.

1) all other verbs, except for differently conjugated ones;

2) plus verbs shave And lay

want,

run,

honor

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.

Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.

My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).

Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),

2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),

3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT With in different parts speeches can be grouped in the following way:

		Apart
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fable	If there is a contrast with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace it with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all beautiful
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn’t know, not knowing
		With attachments *not + until* not fully done can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home She didn’t finish and fell silent.
		WITH short participles: not_closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition No one, no one
Exceptions: not in moderation, not as an example, not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - more than once (often).

13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Examining evidence (BECAUSE OF preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: Superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because

The first part of a compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .

For merged, hyphenated or separate writing adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.

The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form with passive participles past tense of perfect verbs, written with NN

2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberries)

2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: homeless woman

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker

3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve

3. No ¬: sifted flour

4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, done, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition difficult words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. ( high degree quality), and not the meaning of “adj. + participle."

9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced full adjective: educated.

Short Communion

The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Exist. ? cr. ???

The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.

15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal cliffs.

3) In an excerpt from “ Antonov apples“Bunin one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) Constant movement striving for other limits is the essence creative life and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.

5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.

Answer:2,3

2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.

3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" A punctuation mark is placed between parts of a sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;

· if this double union (both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;

· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;

· before adversarial conjunctions between homogeneous members there is always a comma.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.

16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participial phrase, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;

The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?

*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find the participles and participial phrases, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( BEFORE- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	Stands out participial phrase meaning reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset about his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of reason).	Do not stand out single gerunds, standing after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the manner of action, as well as those close in function to adverbs: He walked with a limp. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participial phrases connected by a single connective or separation union: The selflessness of Pletnev, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin’s phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and without saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING WITH, BASED ON(they can be omitted without compromising the meaning): We begin work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not highlighted: They listened to his story WITH BEATHING BREATH.

17. Arrange everything missing signs punctuation. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright boy

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore

Hugging a nearby bush.

Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea syntactic construction. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose , certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Chekhov seemed unable to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore comma before union word not installed. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts complex sentence- comma, homogeneous members of the sentence - no comma.

19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-end of subordinate clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;

· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but

· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."

(10) Judah took out right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

(15) He took out left hand and sadly passed it over his face.

(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages. (19) The torchbearers step out importantly with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms dangle from the horses: they are burying an important person, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?

- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.

3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

· Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

· Choose the correct answers

Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)

Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.

In the fifth version only part of the answer is contained correct information(the old lady was poor), but she didn’t need money for a funeral

So answer number 5 too incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested fragments carefully;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narrative tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”

The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.

So this one the answer is correct

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. He has introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the words “wave” and “stone,” “poetry” and “prose,” “ice” and “fire” are antonyms.

3. Define the specified lexical item

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people

23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using coordinating conjunction and personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating conjunction

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence contains both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also

Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same

Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit h./pl. h.


	he, she, it/they

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

For the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.

Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments- his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, competent selection figurative and expressive funds. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.

Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.

Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street" is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Therefore this epithet.

In the second task we're talking about about lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - stable combination words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: No. 4

In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.

Let's remember syntactic means expressiveness, and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.

The list of terms includes:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, answer #6

I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.

The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2"

Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Justify your opinion based primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not based on this text), Not Evaluated. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

Option 4

Read the text and complete tasks 1 – 3

(1) In 1943, Hungarian Laszlo Biro, who received from the British Royal air force An order to develop a pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressure pioneered the use of a refill consisting of a channel covered by a metal ball. (2) The first ballpoint pens were simply terrible: the balls fell out, air bubbles blocked the writing unit, ink often began to leak, and at first people were more accustomed and, it seemed, easier to write with a regular fountain pen. (3)<…>a ballpoint pen could be written with stronger pressure than a fountain pen, it did not scratch the paper, made fewer blots, and therefore quickly gained popularity.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, quickly gained popularity, despite a number of shortcomings.

2) A ballpoint pen capable of writing at high altitudes at low pressure was developed by the Briton Laszlo Biro: he used a rod consisting of a channel blocked by a metal ball.

3) The first ballpoint pens, invented by order of the British Royal Air Force, were not in demand by the population: people preferred to write with ordinary fountain pens.

4) Despite the fact that the first ballpoint pens, invented by Laszlo Biro at the request of the British Air Force, had many disadvantages, they very quickly became popular due to their fundamental advantages over fountain pens.

5) Laszlo Biro went down in history as an inventor ballpoint pen, which could write at high altitudes at low pressure, did not scratch the paper and made fewer blots.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

For example,

Consequently

Besides,

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LOW. Determine in what sense this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SHORT , -th, -oe; - zok, - zka, - zko, - zki.

1) Small in height, located at a small height from the ground, from something. level.N. fence.

2) Not reaching the average level, less average norm, insignificant.Low prices.

3) Poor, unsatisfactory in terms of quality. N. variety.

4) Mean, dishonest (contemptuous).N. act.

5) Thick to the ear.N. bass.

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

facilitate

visionary

fruit

5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.

All elements must form a single HARMONIOUS whole and correspond to your ideological plan.

He took a deep BREATH and decisively approached Gerasim.

The water was ICY, it made my teeth ache, and I swallowed with a ringing sound.

In the province, DEVIATION from honorable duty the jury in the early years was negligible.

A TECHNICAL chess player must be able to play on both flanks.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

secured more RELIABLE

old PASSPORTS

LIE on your back

APPLE TREE seedlings

pick up from the MENCH

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

OFFERS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

B) violation in the construction of a complex sentence

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial phrase

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

1) Antipov bothered the repair service with complaints about the material being shipped to him to update the rail bed.

2) Standing on the threshold of the house, the parents looked for a long time after their children were leaving.

3) Upon arrival from Greece, I sat down to write new book.

4) In “Ruslan and Lyudmila” A.S. Pushkin conveyed much of what he heard from his nanny Arina Rodionovna.

5) To get to Ryabtsev, who occupied an office on the fifth floor, Nastasya had to explain the purpose of her visit to a good dozen guards.

6) I was not accepted into the school basketball team. Because I was short.

7) When creating a project for a new building, the architect said that I want to make this building the most beautiful in the city.

8) Mistakes not only bring pain, but also make us wiser.

9) The war was a difficult test for the entire people, but everyone believed and hoped for victory.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

hug..mother

pl..sneeze

insight

see (with the circumstances)

shining

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

and..trying, in..leading (institution)

pr..possible, pr..shore

super..gra, ob..sk

oh...grandfather, oh...I'll tell you

(I see) in.. reality, angry

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

hours..nka

stick up

industry..howl

beggarly

coughed..coughed

11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

sheep

you'll have to endure it

dozing..shine

outlined..outlined

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Winter is (NOT) for nothing angry, its time has passed...

His home life, which was (NOT) INTERESTING to anyone around him, went on as usual.

It was a month of happiness (UN)Darkened by bad events.

My new friend was by no means a (NOT)POOR man, but his stinginess discouraged me.

Stas greeted Olga (NOT) cordially and warmly, but coldly and aloofly.

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(WHY) in separation from her, (IN) DEPRESSION of slander, the heart in us is ready to bleed to the last drop...

(APPARENTLY), the very principle from which this truth comes obliges you, (IN) VIEW of your position in society, to recognize in it only an inner light.

(IN) THE MIDDLE of the room (IN) FOR 20 years there was the same table, covered with the same lace tablecloth.

I wanted to meet Sonya at ALL costs, to tell her how bored I was, how I suffered (IN) ALONE, not daring to admit my feelings to anyone.

The officer stood (at) Stretch, and the general, meanwhile, gave the order to the soldiers to form columns (BY) TWO.

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.

Immediately I remembered the mirror reaching to the floor, immediately (1) reflecting the second torture (2) and ditch (3) of Sharik, deer horns in height, countless (4) fur coats and galoshes.

15. Punctuate . Specify two sentences in which you need to putONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) In the distance the sound of a motor or the crunch of a fallen tree was heard.

2) Vasily Porfirych handed out a microscopic piece of prosphora to the children, drank some tea and sat down in the office.

3) This was a gentleman who was no longer young, prim and dignified, with a cautious and grumpy physiognomy.

4) For centuries, these trees have been related to us and gave our ancestors creaky bast shoes and a smokeless splinter.

5) Darwin had poor health almost all his life, and this did not stop him from showing highest level intensity of mental work.

16. Place all punctuation marks:

The swimmer (1) was brave, deciding on such a night (2) to set off across the strait at a distance of twenty miles (3) and there must have been an important reason (4) that prompted him to do this.

17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Talking to you (1) my dear (2) I (3) finally (4) came to one single thought: if we (5) gentle (6) my friend (7) cannot breathe without each other (8) however (9) The will of our parents interferes with our well-being; is it possible for us to do without it?

18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses (1) with a population (2) which (3) would be enough for an entire county town (4), Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.

19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Yegorushka looked around (1) and did not understand (2) where this strange song came from (3) but (4) when he listened (5) it began to seem to him (6) that it was the grass singing, complaining about the heat and drought.

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error,excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.

It was useless to hide the true truth, and Serpilin did not consider himself entitled to do so

Read the text and complete tasks 21 – 26

(1) I recently received a letter in which a schoolgirl writes about her friend. (2) The literature teacher suggested that this friend write an essay about a very important Soviet writer. (3) And in this essay, the schoolgirl, paying tribute to both the genius of the writer and his significance in the history of literature, wrote that he had mistakes. (4) The teacher considered all this inappropriate and scolded her very much. (5) And so a friend of that schoolgirl turns to me with a question: is it possible to write about the mistakes of great people? (6) I answered her that it is not only possible, but also necessary to write about the mistakes of great people, that a person is great not because he has never made mistakes. (7) No one is free from mistakes in our life, in our difficult life.

(8) What is important to a person? (9) How to live life? (10) First of all, do not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. (11) You can’t do very much in life, but if you don’t do anything, even small things, against your conscience, then by this very fact you bring enormous benefit. (12) Even in our everyday life, Everyday life. (13) But in life there can also be difficult, bitter situations when a person is faced with the problem of choice - to be dishonored in the eyes of others or in his own. (14) I am sure that it is better to be dishonored in front of others than in front of your conscience. (15) A person must be able to sacrifice himself. (16) Of course, such a sacrifice is heroic deed. (17) But you need to go to it.

(18) When I say that a person should not go against his conscience, should not make a deal with it, I do not at all mean that a person cannot or should not make mistakes or stumble. (19) No one is free from mistakes in our complex life. (20) However, a person who has stumbled is in grave danger: he often falls into despair. (21) It begins to seem to him that everyone around him is a scoundrel, that everyone lies and acts badly. (22) Disappointment sets in, and disappointment, loss of faith in people, in decency - this is the worst thing.

(23) Yes, they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” (24) But even if it was not possible to preserve honor from a young age, it must and can be returned to oneself mature age, change yourself, find the courage and courage to admit mistakes.

(25) I know a person whom everyone now admires, who is highly valued, whom I also admire last years loved his life. (26) Meanwhile, in his youth he committed a bad act, a very bad one. (27) And he later told me about this act. (28) He admitted it himself. (29) Later, we were sailing with him on a ship, and he said, leaning on the deck railing: “And I thought that you wouldn’t even talk to me.” (30) I didn’t even understand what he was talking about: my attitude towards him changed much earlier than he confessed to the sins of his youth. (31) I myself already understood that he did not realize much of what he was doing...

(32) The path to repentance can be long and difficult. (33) But how admirable the courage to admit one’s guilt is - it adorns both the person and society.

(34) Anxiety of conscience... (35) They prompt, teach; they help not to violate ethical standards, maintain dignity - the dignity of a morally living person.

(according to D.S. Likhachev*)

* Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906–1999) – Soviet and Russian philologist, cultural critic, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Likhachev writes that a schoolgirl, his student, approached him with a question.

2) In the text, such concepts as “honor” and “conscience” are very closely related to each other.

3) Sacrificing yourself is a heroic act, and you need to think very carefully before doing it.

4) When a person is at odds with his conscience, it seems to him that everyone around him is lying and doing bad things.

5) A friend of the hero-narrator confessed to him about the mistakes he had made on the ship.

22. Which of the following statements arefaithful ? Please provide answer numbers.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentences 13–14 present the reasoning.

2) Proposition 21 explains, reveals the content of sentence 20.

3) Proposition 24 contains a conclusion, a consequence of what is said in sentence 23.

4) Sentences 26–28 contain reasoning.

5) Sentences 34–35 provide a description.

23. From sentences 18–22, write down a phraseological unit with the meaning “to mean someone, something.”

24. Among sentences 1–7, find one(s) that is connected to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction, demonstrative pronoun and word forms.

25. “Techniques of expressiveness in the works of D.S. Likhachev play a special role: they clarify the author’s idea, specify details, and place the necessary logical accents. In the presented text, among such techniques one can highlight (A)_______ (sentences 11–12) and (B)________ (in sentences 23, 29). A feature of D.S.’s style Likhachev also includes such a technique as (B)________ (“in our life” in sentence 7). Among the few tropes, it is worth highlighting (G)_______ (“bitter situations” in sentence 13.”

List of terms:

1) epithets

2) antonyms

3) parcellation

4) spoken words

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) quoting

7) lexical repetition

8) metonymy

9) assonance

26. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Option 4

1. Answer: 14|41.

2. Answer: however.

3. Answer: 2.

4. Answer: bear fruit.

5. Answer: evasion.

6. Answer: reliable.

7. Answer: 26579

8. Answer: come to terms with it

9. Answer: very angry

10. Answer: unstick

11. Answer: dozing

12. Answer: no wonder

13. Answer: why in defiance

14. Answer: 124.

15. Answer: 25

16. Answer: 12578

18. Answer: 14.

19. Answer: 2356.

20. Answer: true.

21. Answer: 24

22. Answer: 12.

23. Answer: 3

25. Answer: 3671

1. In our complex life, no one is free from mistakes. Make mistakes, realize them - natural process

2. The problem of the relationship between the greatness of a person and the mistakes he has made. The problem of publicizing the mistakes of great people. (Can the greatness of a person consist in the fact that he has never made mistakes? Is the concept of “greatness” connected with the mistakes that a person makes? Is it possible to talk about the mistakes of great people or should it be hidden?)

2. The greatness of a person does not lie in the fact that he has not made any mistakes. Therefore, we can and should talk about the mistakes of great people.

3. The problem of the role of conscience in human life. (What is the role of conscience in a person’s life? Does living “according to conscience” protect against mistakes? Does living “according to conscience” bring benefits?)

3. Living “according to conscience” does not protect against mistakes, but conscience is what prompts, teaches, helps not to violate ethical standards, and maintain the dignity of a morally living person. Even if a person has not done much in life, but lived in accordance with his conscience, he has already brought significant benefit.

4. The problem of choosing landmarks for life path. (How should a person live his life? What is important for him to focus on first of all?)

4. A person should not commit any actions that would lower his dignity. There is no need to go against your conscience. Therefore, the main guideline should be your own conscience.

5. The problem of choice: to be dishonored in the eyes of others - or in your own. (Which is better: to be dishonored in the eyes of others or to lose honor and dignity in your own eyes?)

5. It is better to be dishonored in front of other people than in front of your conscience. Of course, dishonor in the eyes of others is a great sacrifice, but it must be made...

6. The problem of honor. (Is it possible, having committed a bad, dishonorable act in youth, to regain honor in adulthood?)

6. If it was not possible to preserve honor from a young age, it can and should be regained in adulthood.

7. The problem of repentance. (Do you need to repent of your mistakes?)

7. Despite the fact that the path to repentance can be long and difficult, since admitting your mistakes is very difficult, it is very useful, it decorates a person, because repentance is a manifestation of courage

8. The problem of the consequences of errors. (What dangers await a person who makes a mistake? What is one of the most dire consequences mistakes?)

8. A person who has made a mistake may fall into despair. Then disappointment may set in, loss of faith in people, in decency, and this is the worst thing.

* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The issue can also be cited from original text or indicated using references to offer numbers