The meaning of the word HIPPIE in Efremova’s Explanatory Dictionary
HIPPIE
X And ppi
1. m. and f. up-down
1) A representative of rebellious youth, expressing their protest against society and its morality by asserting their own freedom by leaving society, family, and civilization.
2) transfer Someone who deliberately dresses casually or pretentiously and behaves extravagantly.
2. adj. unism. up-down
Same as: hippie.
Efremova. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what HIPPIE is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- HIPPIE in the Lexicon of Sex:
(English hippie) (flower children), participants in the youth movement that became widespread in the 1970s. X. rejected generally accepted norms morals and behavior, admit... - HIPPIE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(English hippie) groups of youth who reject established moral principles, generally accepted norms of behavior and lead a vagabond lifestyle; "counterculture" phenomenon. In a portable... - HIPPIE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
uncl., m., f., shower. 1. A representative of anarchist and rebellious youth, expressing their protest against reality and generally accepted morality by ... - HIPPIE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, uncl., m. A person who has broken with his environment and leads (usually with others) a vagabond lifestyle; in general, people united in... - HIPPIE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
HIPPIES (English hippie), groups of youth who reject certain values and norms of behavior of modern times. society in the spirit of "counterculture". Translated - about a person, ... - HIPPIE
Hairy informals of the 70s... - HIPPIE in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Child... - HIPPIE in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(English hippie) 1) representatives of youth in capitalist countries, expressing their protest against the injustice of bourgeois society by preaching freedom from family... - HIPPIE in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[English] hippie] 1. representatives of youth in capitalist countries, expressing their protest against the injustice of bourgeois society by preaching freedom from family and ... - HIPPIE in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
1. m. and f. up-down 1) A representative of rebellious youth, expressing their protest against society and its morality by asserting their own... - HIPPIE full spelling dictionary Russian language:
hippies, non-cl., m. and... - HIPPIE in the Spelling Dictionary:
h`ippie, uncl., m. and ... - HIPPIE in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
In capitalist countries: a person who has broken with his environment and leads a vagabond lifestyle as a protest against the prevailing relations in... - HIPPIE in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(English hippie), groups of youth who reject established moral principles, generally accepted norms of behavior and lead a vagabond lifestyle; "counterculture" phenomenon. In a portable... - HIPPIE in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
I m. and f. 1. up-down A representative of rebellious youth, expressing their protest against society and its morality by asserting their own... - HIPPIE in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I uncl. pl. An informal movement of rebellious youth that arose in the West in the 60s of the 20th century, characterized by a deliberate disregard for... - CULT BOOKS in the Directory of Miracles, unusual phenomena, UFOs and other things:
a feature of the philosophical and neotheological picture of the world of the twentieth century. Before the formation of materialism and atheism as a recognized option of social behavior, no... - ERIC KARTMANNULL in Quotation Wiki.
- FUTURAMA in Quotation Wiki.
- AUTUMN MARATHON (FILM) in Wiki Quote Book:
Data: 2009-08-17 Time: 13:49:09 * - They said that you mix port wine with vodka! - So what?! I told him, but... - MADAGASCAR (CARTOON) in Wiki Quotebook.
- DOUGLAS COPELAND in the Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2009-07-02 Time: 22:25:34 Douglas Copeland (b. 1961) is a Canadian writer. =Generation X= =Slogans= *The sun is your enemy. *Fly by plane... - JAY GLEN MINER in Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2008-06-13 Time: 02:51:00 = About work = * Good luck in “ silicon valley" is similar to the way a homeless person on the street...
F.I. Rozhansky
HIPPIE SLANG
The materials offered to the reader for the dictionary contain more than 600 words included in the specific slang that has been developing among hippies since the late 60s. Perhaps the main problem that arises when creating a dictionary of this kind is the principles of word selection. Perhaps the most correct solution to this problem from a scientific point of view would be to identify a certain number of formal criteria that would make it possible to unambiguously determine whether a word should be included in the dictionary. However, due to the fact that the material we are studying is one of the most mobile (and thus unstable and uncanonized) ) to the lexical layers of the Russian language, the introduction of formal criteria would rather lead not so much to scientific correctness as to a discrepancy between the selected material and linguistic intuition. (Here it should be noted that as long as a given language exists as a living language, and besides, practically without written texts, its complete dictionary cannot exist as such.) Therefore, we preferred to abandon formal criteria, from which, of course, it does not follow that we did not use any criteria at all. Strictly speaking, the problem of including/not including a word in the dictionary is divided into two sub-problems: 1. determine that the word is used by slang speakers; 2. identify the word as specific to slang. A word was considered to be used by slang speakers if at least several interviewed informants who identified themselves as hippies knew and used the word (this implied that the interviewed informants did not belong to the same company and, thus, the word in question was not an occasional word). Thus, the Materials do not contain occasional words, as well as words that were not confirmed by a sufficient number of interviewed informants. As for determining the specificity of a word, a more complex system of criteria was used. Let us present the main ones, in descending order of their importance. 1. The reality denoted by the word is characteristic only of hippies. 2. The word is recognized by hippie slang speakers as “their own,” that is, specific to hippies. 3. The word is unknown to the “control” informants, who are representatives of different social strata, but do not consider themselves hippies. 4. The word has a significantly higher frequency of use among hippies compared to others social groups of people. 5. The word was used to form new derivative words, the specificity of which is beyond doubt. 6. The word acquired a special semantic or communicative connotation among hippies. For a word to be included in the Materials, it seemed sufficient that it be specific to hippies at least during some period. It seems obvious that in the process of selecting words a number of “borderline” cases arose that left no confidence in the correctness of their classification/non-classification as hippie slang. In cases where a word was included in the Materials, but there were doubts that it belonged to hippie slang and not to another lexical layer, we provided it with the appropriate mark (see below). A number of words that, in our opinion, are not included in slang, but were considered by other authors as “hippie”, are given in the Commentary. It seems necessary to say a few words about the sources that gave rise to this unique language. First of all, this is the English language, words from which were borrowed liberally by hippies, often with changes in meaning (for example, price write at first meant "price", subsequently retaining only the meaning of money, which is absent in English") or pronunciation ( khair, brazer), while acquiring completely Russian affixes ( fake, street etc.). However, the hippie generation of the seventies. who knew English quite well, was replaced by the generation of the eighties, which no longer excelled in the same degree of knowledge of foreign languages. Anglicisms began to be used much less frequently (cf., for example, the replacement italy - eat at the end of the 70s). The source of borrowings was the lexical layers of neighboring social groups: the jargon of musicians, the slang of black marketeers, youth jargon (for example, jargon stilyag), the jargon of criminals (the latter, however, influenced hippie slang to a small extent, relatively less than, for example, the common spoken language or the jargon of schoolchildren). The hippies had the closest intersections with drug addicts, since very few hippies did not try to use at least any narcotic drugs(this does not mean that all hippies are drug addicts, nor does it mean that all drug addicts are hippies). Being a rather extensive lexical layer (according to approximate estimates - several hundred words), drug slang partially overlapped with hippie slang, thereby leaving in it a number of words without which the hippie language is no longer conceivable ( car, move etc.). Words of this kind were included in the dictionary. The Materials deliberately do not include: (a) toponyms of all types, since this topic requires a separate, broader study (and, of course, on material that extends beyond Moscow and St. Petersburg); (b) regularly formed passive participles with suffixes -nn-, -enn-, For example: get stoned - stoned, break off - broken and so on. We were also forced to abandon the identification of the territorial affiliation of words, since, on the one hand, at this moment slang from this point of view is quite homogeneous; on the other hand, this topic also requires a separate thorough study (this can be confirmed by those obvious errors in attributing a word to a particular region that are found in works on the topic of hippie slang). However, it should be noted that our dictionary is more focused on Moscow slang. The main objective of the published materials is to record hippie slang words and their meanings. The dictionary also marks words that are on the border of hippie slang and other broad lexical layers. Along the way, some of the most transparent etymologies are given, and in some cases the period to which the first recorded appearance of the word among hippies dates back to; however, these data undoubtedly require more careful verification. When necessary, dictionary entries are provided with examples. Examples include typical slang expressions and sentences or elements of hippie folklore. The Materials deliberately do not provide ethnographic and sociological information, for example, information about the place of this concept in the system of worldview of hippies, etc. The materials are intended for philologists, linguists, sociologists, as well as for those who are interested in the problems of the formation and development of youth slangs. The author takes the opportunity to express deep gratitude to A.O. Madison, A.A. Ilyin-Tomich, Mariam Novikova, Karolina Khudyakova and many others received invaluable assistance in creating the Materials.
HOW TO USE THE DICTIONARY
Dictionary structure
The dictionary is organized according to the nesting principle, which seemed quite natural in this case, since most of the words included in slang were to one degree or another subject to various word-forming influences. The name of the nest is the most commonly used (if possible, unprefixed) word, which is highlighted in bold. In most cases, when forming nests, the word-formation principle was used, although in some cases semantic criteria were added (compare, for example, the sockets SCREW and SCREW). Inside the nest, the head words are arranged according to the following principle: the word chosen by the nest comes first, then the unprefixed words in alphabetical order, and after that all other words (also in alphabetical order). Stable combinations nouns with prepositions. which, according to grammatical characteristics, can be considered as separate words (in high, in size, etc.), are given in separate writing immediately after the corresponding noun as equivalent head words. The stable expressions and phrases given in the dictionary are written in capital letters (like heading words), but are highlighted in italics. All examples given are in lowercase italics. All phonetic variants of a word are given in a row, separated by commas. By phonetic variants we mean words that differ in pronunciation (so much so that this is reflected in their graphic notation), but have the same morphological structure and meaning of grammatical categories, and also, naturally, the same meaning. For example: BATTLE [pl. BATTLES], BOTL [pl. BOTTLES ] . KREZA, KREZA [ Sg.t. ] If a word within one nest has a synonym (that is, a word that has the same meaning, but is different morphologically), then it is given as an independent word, but instead of the meaning a reference to a synonymous word can be given: KAYFOLMSCHIK = KAYFOLOM. PUTTY = PUTTY. If there are several synonyms within one nest, then the value is given for only one of them, and all the others are given separated by a semicolon with a common reference: ROLL UP; TUMPLATE = THROW. turn around; TO TURN AWAY = TO TURN AWAY. The meaning is usually given for the most frequent and used synonym. Referencing through "=" can also be made to one of the meanings of the word (the number of the meaning is indicated in square brackets) or from one meaning of the word to another word: RECUMARIZE = REKUMARIZE [1]. KRESOVNIK; CRUSHER; KREIZUHA = KREZA [ 1 ]. DYNAMO = DYNAMIC. If the reference is made to a verb given in brackets as an aspect of a parabasic (standing at the beginning of the line) word, then when referring it is also indicated (in square brackets after the verb that has the same aspect as the one being interpreted). TO BOLD = TO BOLD [ TO BOLD ]. GET; PEEK; BURN = BURN [ LUCK ]. SCREW; SCREW = SCREW [SCREW].
Procedure for submitting lexicographic information
a. Etymological information
Etymological notes are given in parentheses after the headword in the nest. In cases where the origin of the word is not clear, they are absent. In other cases, either specific word, to which the etymology goes back (for foreign words and those words of the Russian language that have undergone significant changes), or denotes the lexical layer from which the word was borrowed. For example: ASK (from English to ask “to ask, ask”); FIRM (from farc.) The origin of several of the most interesting words from this point of view is described in more detail in the Commentary.
b. Grammar information
Grammatical marks are given in square brackets for each word or individual meaning. For nouns, this is usually the presence/absence of a plural. In many cases, its form is given directly. If the formation of the form plural does not cause fundamental difficulties, then the form may not be given. For example: ZIPER [pl. ZIPERA] GLUKALOVO [ Sg.t. ] For verbs, their species pair is indicated, but only on the condition that non-specific differences in its meaning can be considered unimportant (in other cases, verbs are given as separate words without specifying the species). Also, for verbs, their control can be indicated if it is not obvious. For example: WRITE [nesov. WRITE DOWN ] THROW [ nesov. Throw [someone at something]
V. Lexical information
Lexical marks are given in parentheses for each word or individual meaning. This is, first of all, the identification of a word as borderline with some other lexical layer. For example: ZAPIL (music) KUMARIT (narcotics) The time of the first fixation of the word can also be given here. This means that the word already existed in slang at the indicated moment (from which, however, it does not follow that the word could not have appeared in slang a little earlier). In cases where, for one reason or another, the information seemed contradictory to us, we did not provide it. From this point of view, we divided the existence of hippies into four conventional periods: the early 70s corresponds to the period before 1975; the end of the 70s - the period from 1975 to 1979; the beginning of the 80s - the period 1980-1984, and the end of the 80s refers to a later time. For example: LOVE (beginning 70) In cases where the word has fallen out of use at a given moment, it is identified as obsolete: LITTLE (beginning 70: obsolete)
other information
In the Materials, only two marks are used that characterize the specific meaning and use of words (given in parentheses for the word or meaning). This is, firstly, a mark identifying the word as disparaging, and secondly, a mark characterizing the word as expressive, i.e. e. capable of being used in nominative sentences to express strong emotions. For example: KLUHA(negl.); UMAT(exp.)
Recording system
When writing down words, the main principle was that the spelling corresponded to the pronunciation of the word (according to the rules of reading the Russian language). In cases where the pronunciation corresponded to different spellings, we tried to choose the more traditional or more consistent with the spelling rules.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
| English | English language |
| units | singular |
| con. 70 | recorded between 1975 and 1979 |
| con. 80 | recorded in the period after 1984 |
| pl. | plural |
| music | musical slang |
| narc. | drug slang |
| beginning 70 | recorded before 1975 |
| beginning 80 | recorded between 1980 and 1984 |
| German | German |
| total | common spoken language |
| neglected | dismissive |
| Russian | Russian language |
| owls | perfect view |
| nesov. | imperfect species |
| ug. | criminal jargon |
| outdated | obsolete (out of use) |
| Fartz. | slang of black marketeers |
| exp. | expressive |
| Pl.t. | pluralia tantum, only plural |
| Sg.t. | singularia tantum, singular number only |
| ? | additional confirmation required |
DICTIONARY
ISA(from English eyes "eyes") AYZ Y[Pl.t.? ] (early 70: obsolete) - eyes. "Ufriend's eyes are burning." (from song) ASK(from English to ask "to ask, ask") ASK (beginning 70) - the process of begging money from passers-by on the street. "Come with me to ask." LIVE ON ASK (beginning 70) - exist with ASK as the main source of income. ASK A TH [owl. ASKN U TY] (beginning 70) - 1. ask passers-by on the street for money. "A grease-free day. I spent two hours asking and only one fife." 2. generally ask for something (usually from strangers). “We need to ask the civilians for a snack.” 3. ask. "Ask him where we should go." A SKER (con. 80) - specialist in ASCM; one who ASKES [ 1 ]. NAACC A TY (beginning 70) - get something, ASKAYA. "I called the bottle." "I'll go get some cigarettes." PRO A SKAT [owl. PROASKN U TH] (beginning 70) - ask “Go and ask where all the people are.” BATTLE(from the English bottle "bottle") BATTLE [pl. BATTLES], BOTL [pl. B ABOUT TL Y] (early 70) - a bottle (usually with alcoholic contents). "I have two battle vines with me." LOAD(from the English button "button") B A TONE [pl. LOAD A] (early 70; obsolete) - 1. shirt made of soft fabric (usually with a floral pattern and an abundance of buttons). 2. large round icon. 3. button. ACCORDION BA I N (narc.) - syringe. TROUBLE(from ang.) TROUBLE [Sg.t] (narc.) - 1. drugs in general. 2. pervitin (see SCREW). GREAT-FREE see MAZA. BEZNIK(from English birthday "birthday") B Yo ZNIK (late 70) - birthday “They gave me this fenka as a gift.” BIRCH BIRCH [Sg.t. ] (early 70) - operational squad, operational squad members. “Yesterday the birch tree made a vintilovo again.” BEREZOVETS (early 70) - operational unit member. CASUALTY see LIMIT. BOLD(? from Russian, "bodyaga" "gimp. chatter") BODYAZHIT [owl. DISCOVER] (narcotic) - prepare, dilute, stir a narcotic substance (about liquids). TO BOLD = TO BOLD [BODYAT] CHATTER BOLT U SHKA [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - ephedrone. BOTL see BATTLE. BRAZER(from the English brother "brother") BR A ZER, BR A YZER - brother. BRITISH(from English British "English") BR AND TISH [pl. BRITISH A] (early 70; obsolete?) - Englishman. BRITISH ABOUT VYY (early 70s; obsolete?) - English. BRANDED(from the English brand-new “completely new”) BRAND (early 70; obsolete) - completely new. "brand truzer" BUNDES(from German Bundesrepubllk Deutschland "Federal Republic of Germany") B U NDES [pl. BUNDES A] (beginning 70) - West German. BUNDES ABOUT VYY (early 70) - West German. "- Is this record original? - No, it’s a Bundes signet." BABIES(from English baby "child") B E BIS [pl. BABIES A] , B E BIC [pl. B E BIKI ] (con. 70), - child. “She went along the highway to Crimea with her baby.” B E(Y)BI [ Sg.t.? ] ; BAB(I)ENOC = BABIES. BEG(from English bag "bag") BEG [Sg.t.? ] (beginning 70) - backpack, bag. "I have a bottle in my bag" BEC(from English back "back side") BEK [Sg.t. ] (terminal 70) - rear. BEX A YD [Sg.t. ] (start 70) = BEC. "Go backside" VINE(from English wine "wine") VINE [Sg.t. ] (early 70) - wine. "Let's go to the vine and find him." “We had such a cool time with Vine yesterday.” WHITE(from the English white "white") WHITE ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - white. "white trouser" VAN(from the English one "one") VAN (early 70; obsolete) - one ruble. VAN ABOUT K (beginning 70; obsolete) = VAN. BLOW BLOW [nesov. VDUV A TY] (beginning 70; narc.) - taking a cigarette with GRASS from the mouth (burning end inward), blow out the smoke so that another person can inhale. See. also STEAM LOGO. VENYAK VEN I K [pl. VENYAK AND] (beginning 70) - vein. EXPLODE EXPLODE (narc.) - start smoking a cigarette with HERB first. "Who will blow up?" SCREW SCREW [Sg.t. ] (narc.; line 70) - pervitin, a psychostimulant of the phenamine group, used as a narcotic drug for injection. SCREWS ABOUT J (narc.) - a person who uses VINT as the main narcotic drug SCREW SCREW AND TH [owl. SWINT AND TY] (beginning 70) - to arrest, detain. “We were just about to skip when the police arrived and started screwing everyone.” “I almost got screwed, but I got away in time.” SCREW [Sg.t. ] (early 70) - detention (usually mass). SCREW AND LOVO [Sg.t. ] - a situation of detention (usually mass). “Yesterday at Gogol it was so screwy.” POVINT AND TH; VINTAN U TH = SWINT AND[SCREW] AND TH] . “Yesterday I went out into the street, dejected, and the police screwed me over.” SMASH VM A ZAT (beginning 70) - 1. inject someone with a drug. “As soon as he hit me, I got a great buzz.” 2. (general) drink (about alcoholic drinks). VM A SHUT UP (beginning 70) - inject yourself with a drug. “We got into trouble yesterday, and then we had a blast with Crimson.” IMPACT [ Sg.t.? ] (narc.?) - 1. an injected dose of a drug. 2. injecting a drug. "Jeff's still enough for a hit." PROM A PUSH = PUSH [ 1 ] . PROM A TO PUSH IN = TO BUTT IN. HAIRY HAIR A TYY (con.70) - 1. (noun) hippie. “Yesterday I went to Jang - there were no hairy people there.” 2. (adjective) hippy. "hairy flat" WORK(from English work "work") VO(R)K [ Sg.t. ] (early 70; obsolete) - work. WORK AТ (beginning 70; obsolete) - to work. IN ABOUT RKER (early 70; obsolete) - worker. ENTRY VP AND SKA (kon.70) - 1. apartment where you can live or spend the night. "Do you have a registration?" "It's a bummer with the registration - you'll have to find it at the station." 2. address of such apartment. “I don’t have a single registration in this city.” VPIS A TH [nesov. VP AND TO SLEEP ] - 1. to let someone live or spend the night. "He'll put us on board." 2. help VPIS A TALK [2]. "He put us on the train." VPIS A TO BE [nesov. VP AND SIT DOWN] - 1. (con. 70) get a place to spend the night or live in an apartment. "We fit in with the cool civilians." 2. (beginning 70) to successfully fit into any event, to take an advantageous place in any situation. "fit into the expedition" "fit into KAMAZ" IN Y WRITE [nesov. ISSUE AND SYVAT] - the opposite action from ENTER. "We were discharged from the flat." VENTAT(from English to go, went, gone "to go") VENT A TH [owl. VENTAN UТъ] (beginning 70; obsolete) - go (mostly used in the past tense). “We went to the shops for bottles, and then to the houses with the girls.” CUT OUT(from corner) GAS AND TY (beginning 70) - beat, beat. “We were sitting on the flat, and then suddenly this junkie came, stoned out of his mind, and began to extinguish everyone.” GAS AND LOVO [Sg.t. ] - fight, beating. “Yesterday the Lubers came - it was so extinguishing!” REGISTERED AND TY (beginning 70) - to beat or kill severely. GERLA(from English giri "girl") GIRL A[pl. GIRL Y, genitive plural GIRL ABOUT B ] (beginning 70) - girl, woman. "I fucked with girls on branded flats..."(from song) “Every girl will give us for heroic deeds.”(from the song) GIRL Yo NYSH - girl, girl. GIRL AND TA (early 70): GIRL U HA(start.70); GIRL U SHKA (early 70) = GIRL. "If only I were a King, the furry girl would speak..."(from A.S. Pushkin; author of translation unknown) GIRL ABOUT VYY (early 70) - female. GLITCH(probably from the word "hallucination") GLUK [pl. GLITCHES ] (con. 70) - 1. hallucination caused by narcotic drugs. “A hatch opened in the ceiling - it’s a glitch. There's a big spider on the wall - also a glitch."(author unknown) 2. any inadequate product of imagination or perception. “We are sitting on the flat, and suddenly I have a glitch that the policy is about to arrive.” GLITCH A LOVO [Sg.t. ] (con.70) - the situation of experiencing a GLITCH. GLUKOV A YET - see GLITCHES [1]. GLUCOG E N [Sg.t.? ] (con.70) - a narcotic drug that causes GLITCHES. GL YU CHNY (con. 70) - strange, unusual, absurd, similar to a hallucination. "Look, what a glitchy outfit!" PRIGLE YU READ - to dream, to imagine. “And I noticed that you skipped yesterday.” DRIVE DRIVE [owl. PROGN A Th] (cart) - see CART. DRIVE [owl. PROGN A Th] (through a vein) (narc.) - inject a drug (usually refers directly to the process of drug administration). G ABOUT NKI [Pl.t. ] - tales, stories, reasoning (usually of dubious reliability or value). "Now he will come - the race will begin again." PROG ABOUT N [pl. PROG ABOUT NY] (beginning 70) - history, story, message (usually not worthy of trust or attention). "These runs have already fucked me up!" GOLIMYY GOAL AND MY (gen.?) - a characteristic denoting the highest degree, the absoluteness of something. "This man is a crazy ass" GOLYAK GOLYAK (early 70) - complete absence of something. "I'm out of luck with the price." GREEN(from English green "green") GREEN [pl. GREEN Y] (farc.; early 70) - US dollar. GR YU NICK [pl.GR YU NICKY ] = GREEN. RONTER RODNER [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - ground poppy heads for gnawing. DOUBLE(from English w.c. "toilet") DOUBLE [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - toilet. PROD A SHIT (beginning 70) - go to the toilet. "I went to sell myself." DOWN(from English down "down") DOWN [Sg.t. ] (early 70s; outdated?) - 1. depression. "I've been down for a year now." 2. surprise, shock. MOVE Far East AND NUTSYA (beginning 70) - 1. [nesov. MOVE ] (narcotic?) inject a narcotic substance. “What are we going to do?” 2. (gen.) go crazy DV AND GA (narc.) - an injected dose of a drug. MOVEMENT ABOUT K (narc.) - syringe. Far East AND NUTY (gen.) - crazy. ZADV AND GA (narc.?; early 70; obsolete) - a girl inclined to MOVE [ 1]. ZADV AND NUTY (con.70) - 1. (about a work of art or culture) having an unclear meaning, abstruse. "retracted book" "pushed music" 2. (narcotic?) under the influence of an injected drug. “Yesterday he was pushed in, he started to turn the policy into Zen - and they screwed him up.” 3. (about a person) crazy. ZADV AND PUSH (con.70) = MOVE. PRODV AND NUTY - 1. (about a person) who has come close to comprehending some truth and, thereby, has gone slightly crazy. "He is an advanced man - every year he goes to Tibet to visit the monks." 2. (about a work of art or culture) difficult to understand, abstruse, inaccessible to the average person. 3. (narcotic?) under the influence of an injected drug. 4. (general) a person who is seriously involved in something, who knows something better than others. PRODV AND TO KNOW - 1. to understand, study, realize something that is unknown or inaccessible to other people. (narcotic?) 2. inject a narcotic substance. DEPRESSNYAK DEPRESS I K (end 70) - depression. DEPRES U HA (con.70) = DEPRESSION. DERBAN DERB A N - poppy collection. "Let's go to hell" DERB A THREAD - collect poppies. NADERB A THREAD - pick poppy seeds. JAPENA(from English Japan "Japan") JAPEN A[Pl.t.? ] (early 70; obsolete) - Japanese. JAPEN ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - Japanese. JEF JEFF [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - 1. (con.70) ephedrine. 2. (kon.80) ephedrone. GEORGE(from English Georgian "Georgian") GEORGE [pl. GEORGE AND] (early 70; obsolete?) - Georgian. "The Georgies came with the knives." GEORGE ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete?) - Georgian. DYNAMATE DIN A MIT [owl. PRODIN A MIT] (gen.?) - not keeping a promise, breaking an agreement. “He promised boxes of grass, but for the third month now I’ve been dynamite.” “Or maybe we’d better give him a boost?” DYNAM AND ZM is a pathological tendency in a person to DYNAMATE everyone. “I was blown away by his dynamism.” DYNAM AND ST is a person who breaks promises. “This dynamist won’t come to the switch anyway.” DIN A MO 1. DIN A MSHCHIK “Well, you are a dynamo! I’ve been waiting for you for an hour.” 2. a situation where someone breaks promises. DIN A MSCHIK = DYNAMIST. Catch up DOGON I TO USE (narcotic?) - to repeatedly use a narcotic drug in order to prolong the state of euphoria. "I think it's time to catch up." DOZNYAK DOZN I To [Sg.t.? ] (narc,?; con.70) - the norm of a narcotic drug. OVERDOZN I K (narc.?; line 70) - exceeding the norm when using drugs. "He went to Derban and died from an overdose." ROAD DOR ABOUT GA (narc.?; early 70) - successive traces on a vein from systematic hukols. "With roads like these, calling an ambulance is not a problem" DOR ABOUT ZhKA (narc.?; early 70) = ROAD. DREDGE(from the English drug "medicine, narcotic") DR A GA (obsolete?) - pharmacy. DRAGSTOR(from the English drugstore "pharmacy") DR A GSTOR [Sg.t.? ] (obsolete?) - pharmacy. DRIVE(from the English drive "great energy, assertiveness") DRIVE (music) - an energetic characteristic of rhythm that determines the ability of music to have an exciting effect on the public. "This band doesn't have the same drive." DRIVER(from the English driver "driver") DR A YVER [pl. DRIVER A, DR A YVERY] - driver. “We came across a cool driver on the track.” DRAMS DRAMS [Sg.t. ] (music) - percussion instruments. DR A MER (music; early 70; obsolete) = DRAMAIST. DRAMS AND ST (music; end 70) - drummer. DRAMS Y[Pl.t. ] (music; beginning 70) = DRAMS. "Who's on their drams?" DRINK(from English to drink "to drink") DRINCH A THOUGH, DRYNK A TH, DR AND NOW, DRINK A TH [soviet DRYNKN U THOUGH, DRINCAN U Th ] (beginning 70) - drink alcoholic beverages. DRINK, DRINK, DRINK, DRINC [ Sg.t. ] (early 70) - alcoholic drinks. DRINK A H (early 70) - 1. a hippie who drinks more than injects drugs. 2. a drinker, a drunkard. DR AND NKER = DRINKACCH. DRINK-COM A NDA, DRINCH-COM A NDA is a company whose main activity is drinking alcoholic beverages. “Yesterday again this drink team crashed and caused chaos.” IN Y DRINK, IN Y DRINK (early 70) - drink. ZADR AND NULL (beginning 70) = PULL OUT. NADRINCH A DRINK (beginning 70) - get drunk. UDRINCH A FUCK YOU, UDRYNK A PUSH (beginning 70) = PUSH TRASH TRASH [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - any narcotic drug for smoking. STUPID STUPID [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - any narcotic drug for smoking. HOLE HOLES A(con. 70) - an injection mark on a vein. D Y RKA = HOLE. SPUR(from English yellow "yellow") EL ABOUT VYY (early 70: obsolete) - yellow. SCORE ZAB AND TH 1. [to something] (beginning 70) - stop being interested, worrying, paying attention to something (with pronounced contempt). 2. [nesov. SCORED A TY] (jamb) - see JOIN. 3. [nesov. SCORED A Th] (arrow, arrow) - see ARROW. 4. [nesov. CAUGHT] (rally) - see RALLY. ZAB AND TALK (con.80) - arrange a meeting. WRAP UP WRAP U TO BE [nesov. ZAVOR A TO READ] (con.70) - 1. [on something] to get carried away by something beyond measure (possibly to the point of losing an adequate understanding of reality). "He turned to Zen Buddhism." 2. go crazy. ZAV Yo RUNNED 1. [on something] passionate about something beyond measure. 2. crazy. HOOK ZAV AND SNOOT [nesov. HOSTED A TY] (con.70) - 1. [on something] - to get very carried away by something. "I hang out on Zeppelins." 2. stand on the road for a long time, unsuccessfully trying to catch a car. "Looks like we're in deep trouble." 3. stop somewhere for a long time, without initially intending to do so. “I went to Altai, but stayed in Ufa for a week.” HOSTED A LOVO [Sg.t. ] - a situation where they get stuck. MOVE UP see MOVE. CHECK OUT ZAK AND WHINE (about pills) take. “Before the session, you should take a cycle.” PROBLEM FREEZE ABOUT CHKA (early 80) - 1. obsession. “Well, here he comes again with his troubles about Tao Tzu.” 2. text containing an obsession. "You read his stuff" MISTAKE MOUTH AND TH (narcotic) - prepare a solution of a drug (usually from a dry substance) for injection. GASH ZAP AND L (music; early 70) - long, energetic, noisy lead guitar solo. "Hendrix has such a streak." ZIPER(from the English zipper "zipper") Z AND PER [pl. ZIPER A] (beginning 70) - zipper. "truzera on zipper" IT(from English to eat "to eat") AND TAT (early 70; obsolete) - yes. BLISS HIGH [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - 1. any narcotic drug. “Yesterday there were such rushes - they screwed us, but I had a blast in my bag.” 2. alcoholic drinks. "Go to the store for a buzz." 3. pleasure, joy, state of euphoria. “I started getting such a high from this herb.” 4. (exp.) good! Great! "- I have three sheets of cycles. - It's a thrill." HIGH (early 70) - joyful, pleasant. “I don’t enjoy going to the store.” PO K A YFU = HIGH. “Now a couple of bottles of Vine would be a blast.” UNDER K A YFOM (early 70s) - in a state of drug (less often alcohol) intoxication. “Yesterday he was high, he was driving the left carts all the time.” GETTING HIGH (beginning 70) = GETTING HIGH. HIGH A TH [owl. GET HIGH] (gen.; early 70) - indulge in pleasure, joy. BLISS ABOUT VO (early 70) - excellent, wonderful. BLISS ABOUT VYY (early 70) - good, wonderful, excellent. KYFOL ABOUT M is a person who interrupts the state of HIGH in other people with his actions. KYFOL ABOUT MSHCHIK = KYFOLOM. BLISS Y[Pl.t] (con. 80) - joys, pleasures, everything that is pleasant. “I won’t go against my highs.” “I don’t understand such thrills.” NEQUIF Y[Pl.t. ] (con.80) - troubles, difficulties, everything that is unpleasant. "The troubles have begun again." KALIKI TO A LYKI [Pl.t. ] (early 70; obsolete?) - tablets that can be used as a narcotic. TO A MEDICAL (early 70) - pharmacy. TO A LKA = CRIPPED. ROCK(from English to come "to come") To A M AТ (beginning 70; obsolete) - go. "Kamai here." PRIC A M AТ (beginning 70; obsolete) - to come. COUNTRY(from English country "village") K A NTRI [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - dacha. "Let's go to country music" KANTR ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) (neglect) - 1. from the village, rustic. 2. provincial. KANTR U SHNIK [feminine KANTR U SCHNITS] (neglect) - 1. a person from the village, a hillbilly. 2. provincial. KAHTP Y[Pl.t. ] (beginning 70) (neglect) - 1. people from the village, hillbilly. 2. provincials. KIND(from German das Kind "child") KIND (gen.?) - child. TO AND NDER (gen.?) = KIND. THROW TO AND NUT [nesov. THROW] [someone on something] - 1. (beginning 70) to steal something from someone. 2. (beginning 70) take something from someone and not give it back. "He threw me at the book." 3. (beginning 70) cheat when making a transaction. 4. [someone] - fail to keep a promise, deceive. “He and I scored a goal, but he ditched me again.” PROK AND NOW; OPROC AND NUT = THROW. CIS(from English kiss "kiss") KIS [Sg.t.? ] (early 70; outdated) - kiss. TO AND SAT [owl. ZAK AND SAT] (early 70; obsolete) - kiss. TO AND SAT (early 70; obsolete) - kiss. ACID ACIDS A[Sg.t. ] (narc.) - LSD (strong psychotropic drug). SOUR TO AND SLYY (narc.) - acetic anhydride. COOL KL E VYY (general; early 70) - good, excellent. KL E VO (general; early 70) - good, great. "Cool, we drank yesterday." CLEVOT A(general?; beginning 70) = KLEVIAK. KLEV I To [Sg.t. ] (gen.?) - 1. something good, excellent. 2. (exp.) excellent) great! CLOSE(from English clothes "clothes") KL ABOUT UZ, CL ABOUT SES [Sg.t] (early 70; obsolete?) - clothes. KLOZN I K (beginning 70; obsolete?) = CLOSE. KLUHA KL YU HA (con.80) (slightly disparaging) - (Hippie Lovers Club) a person who sympathizes with hippies, but is not one himself (although he often imitates them). KL YU SHKA (kon.80) = KLUHA. KOKNAR see KUKNAR. COLLEGE(from English college "college") K ABOUT LEDGE (early 70; general?) - institute. WHEEL WHEEL ABOUT(beginning 70) - 1. tablet that can be used as a narcotic. “Do you have any wheels?” 2. any tablet. POUND see JOIN. COMPOTE COMP ABOUT T [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - a decoction of poppy heads with sugar. OFFICE KONT ABOUT RA [Sg.t. ] (early 70; obsolete?) - 1. police or KGB. 2. part of the police or KGB working with hippies. "the office is plowing" KONT ABOUT RSKY (early 70; outdated?) - representative of the OFFICE JOINT CBS I K (early 70) - cigarette with GRASS. ZAB AND TH [nesov. SCORED A TY] JOINT - fill a cigarette with HERB. “I jammed the joint into the gun tightly and thought: I’ll treat my friend!” (M.Yu. Lermontov; author of interpretation unknown). STABBED AND TH; PREB AND TH; PIN AND TY (JOANT) = CLOCK THE JOIN. ZAKOL A READ; KOLOT AND TH; JOKE A ROCK (JOANT) = ROCK THE JOINT [TO LOCK]. CRAB CRAB (narcotic) - sidnocarb (psychostimulant). KREZA(from English crazy "crazy") CROES A, CRAZE A[Sg.t. ] (early 70) - 1. mental hospital. “I was in a craze for two months” 2. madness, insanity, inadequate state of consciousness. "He's started to feel crippled again." 3. a person who is in an abnormal state of consciousness, who has gone crazy. KREZANUTYY,KRAZAN U TYY (early 70) - crazy. CRESAN U SHIT, KRAZAN U TO GO AWAY (beginning 70) - to go crazy. KR E ZI, KR E YZI [Sg.t. ] (start 70) = KREZA [ 3 ] KREZI-X A US [Sg.t.? ] (early 70; obsolete) - mental hospital, CROES ABOUT VNYK; CROESUS U SHNIK; CRAZE U XA = CROES [ 1 ] CROES ABOUT VYY, CRAZE ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) - 1. causing an abnormal state of consciousness. "crazy music" 2. extraordinary, abnormal. "creepy outfit" STEEP COOL ABOUT J (gen.?; early 70) - 1. characteristic meaning high degree events. "cool bummer" 2. extraordinary, in some of its qualities crossing the border of the norm (and, perhaps, making a strong impression). "cool outfit" "cool man" 3. tense, unpleasant. "cool layouts" KPUTH I K[Sg.t. ] (gen.?) - tense situation. COOL (general?; early 70) - 1. to a large extent, strongly (almost a universal word for enhancing the action expressed by the verb). "We've had a great time" "It's a big bummer" "had a blast" 2. extraordinary, too original. "pretended to be cool" COOL [Sg.t. ] (gen.?) = COOL. KRAIZA see CROES. KSIVA KS AND VA [Sg.t. ] (line 70) - documents. KS AND VNIK (kon.70) - a pouch worn around the neck for carrying documents, a notebook of various small things. KUKNAR KUKN A R, KOKN A R (narc.) - 1. ground poppy heads. 2. decoction of poppy heads. KUMARIZE KUM A DRINK (narc.) [someone] - experience a state of drug hangover. "It's smokin' me." KUM A P (narc.) - a state of drug hangover. SNACK A REST (narc.) - 1. relieve the state of KUMAR using a certain dose of a drug. 2. endure the state of KUMAR. RASKUM A DRINK (narc.) = TAKE A SMOKE [ 1 ] . LABAT(from music) LAB A TH [owl. WEAK A TY] (general?; beginning, 70) - play music. L A BUKH (general?; early 70) - musician. LOVE(from English love "love") LOVE (beginning 70) - 1. love. 2. (obsolete) = FRILAVE [ 2 ] . FRIL A B - 1. (early 70) free love. 2. (early 70; obsolete) used by hippies as a greeting. FRIL A VNIK (early 80) - a person who puts into practice the idea of free love. FRIL A VSHCHIK (beginning 80) = FRILAVNIK. LIKE(from English to like "to love. like") LIKE A TH (beginning 70; obsolete) - to love. "I like McCartney so much." LIFE(from English life "life") LIFE [Sg.t. ] - life. "Without buzz there is no life." LEFT L E VYY (gen.) - 1. unpleasant. "left layouts" 2. (about people) not your own, having a different way of thinking. "left man" 3. not primary, secondary. "It's all left-wing stuff." MOLD(from corner) LIN I TH [owl. SLIN I TY] (start 70) - leave quickly, run away in case of danger. "I think it's time to shed." SHEET LEAF (narcotic?) - packaging of tablets. “Yesterday he ate the leaf cycles.” LITTLE(from English little "small") LITTLE ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - 1. (about an object) small, small (in size, quantity, etc.). "The price there is low." 2. (about a person) short. 3. (about a person) younger. SCRAP CROWBAR [pl. CROWBAR] (beginning 70) - 1. reluctance, laziness. 2. unpleasant emotions. IN SCRAP (early 70) - reluctance, unpleasant, laziness. “I’m dying to go to a party today.” IN LOMAK; IN LOMESHNIK = IN SCRAP. L ABOUT MKA - (early 70) a state of severe drug hangover. a state of reluctance to do anything. SCRAP A TH (beginning 70) - to be in a state of BREAKDOWN. “This is the second day I’ve been getting off these wheels.” "It breaks me to go to the store." OBL ABOUT M [pl. OBL ABOUT WE] (beginning 70) - 1. unsuccessful completion of a situation that could have ended successfully. "The registration was a bummer." 2. unwillingness to do anything. "It's a bummer to cook some food." 3. a period of unpleasant emotions caused by some event about which a person is very worried. "I've been screwed for a month now." BUMMER A TH [nesov. OBL A WASH ] (beginning 70. - give a person unpleasant emotions, make him worry. “I was disappointed by this non-maz session.” BUMMER A TO BE [nesov. OBL A WASH] (beginning 70) - 1. worry. "Stop freaking out." "This man tricked me into buying a cool book - I was so disappointed." 2. not want to do anything. “For some reason I lost track of time.” BUMMER AND ST is a person who bullies others. OBL ABOUT INR - unsuccessful, unpleasant. OBL ABOUT MNY - unsuccessful, unpleasant. OBL ABOUT MOU [Sg.t. ] (established) - the situation is a BUMP. OBL ABOUT MOVO [Sg.t. ] = OBLOMOV. OBL ABOUT MSHCHIK = OBLOMIST. "Your parents are such bummers." LONG(from English long "long") LONG ABOUT VYY (beginning 70; obsolete) - 1. long. "long hair" 2. tall. "long man" LOOK(from English to look "to look") L U KAT [owl. LUKN U Th ] (beginning 70; obsolete - see. GENDER U ROCK; PROL U ROCK; PROL U WHIP (beginning 70; obsolete) = WHIP[ BLOW ]. "Go find out what's going on there." THROW BOW (beginning 70; obsolete) = BLOW [BOW] LABEL(from the English label "label") L E JB(E)L [pl. LAYBALL A, L E YBLY] (early 70) - 1. brand name on jeans. "truzer with label" 2. a brand name in general (usually on clothing). LUBER L YU BER [pl. L YU BERS, LUBERS A] (end 80) - representative of a bodybuilding-aggressive punk from the city of Lyubertsy. "People, skip it! The lubbers are coming here." MAJOR MAJ ABOUT R (early 80) (neglect) - 1. a person who leads a generally accepted, socially adequate lifestyle and feels happy solely from the satisfaction of his material needs; a layman. "Let's go beat up the majors." 2. a representative of the elite, financially secure and putting material interests above all others. MAJ ABOUT RNYY (beginning 80) - 1. (about the subject) characteristic of MAJOR, as in MAJOR. "major outfit" 2. (about a person) similar to a MAJOR, being a MAJOR. "major man" MAZA M A FOR [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - a good opportunity. "There is a maza to fit into the flat" "There is a maza for a diver"(a saying meaning the meaninglessness of a proposal, the lack of successful prospects). WITHOUT MAZA (early 70) - 1. reluctance, laziness, unpleasant. 2. hopeless. "Now go to the store without any ointment." MESSLESS I To [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - a completely hopeless situation, a meaningless activity, something that does not bring any positive results. “This Crimean grass is such a mess!” BEZMAZ ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) - 1. not bringing benefit, lacking joy, uninteresting. "No weed - no buzz." 2. (about a situation) that does not allow one to assume a successful outcome, unpromising, meaningless. "maz-free layouts." “Standing here on the highway is a no-brainer idea.” 3. (about a person) unpleasant, not arousing sympathy. “This friend of yours is kind of a complete idiot.” DEPUTY A ZKA (early 70; obsolete?) = MAZA. MASER(from the English mother "mother") M A ZER [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - mother. “Come to me now without a maser - I have a maser on the flat.” TOUCH MAST Y RIT [owl. ZAMAST Y RIT] (narc.?; early 70) - stuff a cigarette with GRASS. MAST Y RKA (narc.?: early 70) - cigarette with HERB. MAST (narcotic?; early 70) - a narcotic drug for smoking; GRASS. MARCEPHALUS MARTSEPH A LH (narc.) - ephedrone. CAR MASH AND NA (beginning 70) - syringe. “We have a big bummer - Jeff is there, but no one brought the car.” LOCKED A VIT MASH AND NU (narc.) - draw a drug into a syringe. MILITARIST MILITARY AND ST - military. “Hey, militarist, give me twenty kopecks!” RALLY(from English meeting "meeting") M AND TING (early 70; obsolete) - meeting. ZAB AND TH [nesov. ZAB AND VAT ] M AND TING (con. 70) - arrange a meeting MEETING U TO BE [nesov. RALLIES A TO BE] (beginning 70: obsolete) - to meet. “Where are you people rallying today?” SMITHINGN U ROUTE (beginning 70) = RALLY. "We'll meet tomorrow." Washcloth Urine A LKA 1. cheerful girl. 2. a girl of easy virtue. 3. girl with low level intelligence, 4. (early 70: obsolete) a cheap, low-value gramophone record, which is given as an additional weight when exchanging records. MOCHIT(from corner) MOCH AND TH [owl. LOCK AND TY] (beginning 70) - beat, kill. Urine AND LOVO - a situation of beating. Urine AND FIGHT (beginning 70) - fight. MULKA M U LKA [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - ephedrone. MUSTANG MUST A NG (con. 70) - louse. “Our whole crowd from Crimea brought mustangs.” MUSTASHA(from English moustache "mustache") MUSTASH A[Pl.t. ] (early 70; obsolete) - mustache. MEN(from English man "man, man") MEN [pl. MEN] (early 70) - a male person. MEN ABOUT VYY (early 70) - male. "man outfit" TOpsy-turvy NAVOR ABOUT T (con.70) 1. inadequacy, illogicality, complexity in a person or object. “I’m sick of all these turns of his.” 2. a complex, confusing situation of an unpleasant nature. “We had such bells and whistles on the track!” NAV E RUNNED (kon.70) - having a lot of bells and whistles. "Schultz has got the music down." NAVOR ABOUT CHEN (con. 70) = WRONG. KNIGHT(from English night "night") NIGHT (early 70) - night (as a phenomenon in human life, but not as a natural phenomenon). "He put us on the list." KNIGHT A TY (early 70) - spend the night. KNIGHTS A TH (beginning 70) = FIND. ZAKNIGHT A TH (early 70) - spend the night. ZANIGHTS A TH (beginning 70) = LOCK. RENAY A TY (early 70) - spend the night. "Let's go and re-book at the station." PERENITEV A TH (beginning 70) = RESET. NIF(from English knife "knife") KNIFE [pl. KNIFE ] (early 70) - knife. "Do you have a knife?" TENSION NAPR I G (early 70) 1. unpleasant situation, circumstances, relationships. "He's having trouble with the parents." 2. unpleasant emotions. “I have a hard time with him.” 3. laziness, reluctance, unpleasant. "I'm trying to get some food - let's have a drink." IN NAPR I G = TENSION [3]. TENSION A TH - cause unpleasant emotions. "This crazy girl is annoying me." NAPR I EXTREMELY unpleasant, difficult. NAPR I ZHNY - causing unpleasant emotions. "He's kind of an intense man." UNKIFF see HIGH. NISHTYAK NISHT I K [pl. NISHTYAK AND] - 1. (con.70) (exp.) excellent, great! 2. (kon.80) (usually plural) leftovers in a public catering establishment that can be eaten. 3. (kon.80) any small thing that could be useful or be a source of pleasant emotions. NISHTYAK ABOUT VAYA (kon.80) is an inexpensive catering establishment. NISHTYAK ABOUT VO (end 80) - good, excellent. NISHTYAK ABOUT VYY (end 80) - good, excellent. bad, inferior, boring. NISHT I PCCA; NISHT I CHNAYA (con.80) = NISHTYAKOVAYA. NISHT I CHNO (end 80) = NISHTYAKOVO. NISHT I CHNY (con. 80) = NISHTYAKOVY. NISHTYACH ABOUT K (end 80) = NISHTYAK [2 or 3]. GET FUCKED OBDOLB A TO USE (narc.?; early 70) - use a narcotic drug (usually with an outwardly noticeable result of its effect). UDOLB A BUMMER see CROWBAR. SEAT DOWN OBSAD AND TO GET FUCKED (narc.?; beginning 70) = TO GET FUCKED. OLDOVY(from English old "old") OLD ABOUT VYY (early 70) - 1. (about hippies) with extensive experience in the SYSTEM. "The whole old people are sitting in the flats." 2. old. "old bastard" UNCONTINUE OTVIAZ A TO BE (con.80) 1. behave without caring about observing the rules implied by others. 2. relax, rest. OTV I ZANNY (kon.80) 1. not constraining oneself excessively by conventions and generally accepted rules. 2. independent. 3. not confined to anything, retaining the ability to perceive new things. BREAK AWAY OTORV A TO ENJOY (con.80) 1. indulge in pleasure, joy. 2. perform any action while actively receiving positive emotions. “We had such a great time in Crimea.” AWFUL OTP A D [units ] (beginning 70) (exp.) - extreme degree of surprise, admiration, delight. “I got such a record yesterday - it’s awesome!” In OTP A DE (early 70) - extremely surprised, delighted. “Well, his outfit - I’m in trouble.” OTP A STU [nesov. FALL AWAY ] - come into a state of extreme surprise, admiration, delight. “As soon as I saw this girl, I fell away!” PUSH OUT OTT I GIVE [owl. RELAX ] (beginning 80) - 1. indulge in pleasure, joy, have fun. 2. perform any action while actively receiving positive emotions. “We had a blast at the session yesterday!” OTG I G [Sg.t.? ] (beginning 80) 1. actively receiving pleasant emotions. 2. a situation, object or person that makes it possible to REFLECT. “This girl is such a kick!” OTT I ZHNIK (beginning 80) 1. a person who likes to have fun. 2. a person who can be used to obtain pleasant emotions (for example, by making fun of him). OTT I JNO (beginning 80) - with gusto. “We were so excited to go to Pitsunda.” OTT I ZHNY (beginning 80) - giving the opportunity to RETREAT. “I saw a cool movie yesterday.” OTKHODNYAK OTKHODNYAK (early 70) 1. (drug?) state of drug hangover. 2. (general) unpleasant emotions caused by poor physical condition. "I'm having a bad time this morning." LOCOMOTIVE VAPOR ABOUT Z[Sg.t. ] - a way to smoke HERB, in which one person takes a cigarette with HERB into his mouth (with the burning end inward) and blows smoke so that others participating can inhale. See also BLOW. VAPOR ABOUT ZIK [Sg.t. ] = STEAM LOGO. EMPTY AND NO VAPOR ABOUT ZIK - smoking weed using the "LOCOMOK" method. PARENT see PARANT. PACIFIC PAC AND FIC, PAS Y FIC is a pacifist symbol of peace in the form of a circled dove's leg. "Why do you need such a big lead Nazi?"(from a joke) RESET see KNIGHT. TO NAG DRANK AND TH [owl. DRINKED AND TY] (beginning 70) - 1. to intentionally cut (usually about the hands). 2. deliberately rub clothes to make them look old. P AND LAZY (beginning 70) 1. intentionally cut. "My liver has a single gyrus in its brain, Just a hip will fall into depression - all the hands have been sawn."(Russian folk ditty) 2. shabby. "sawed truser" POP AND FLAX (beginning 70) - SAWN. DRINKED AND TO HIT - to intentionally cut your hands. PIONEER PEONY E R (early 80) - a young hippie who recently started hipping (or giving such an impression). PIPL(from English people "people") PIPL [pl. PIPL Y] (sometimes used as an indeclinable) (beginning 70) 1. people in general. "Let's get out of here - there are too many people here." 2. my people, hippies. "Are you people?" "Let's go to Gogol, all the people are there." 3. used as an address. "Hey people!" 4. person. “What is this people doing here?” PIPL E NOC is a child. PIPL ABOUT VYY (early 70) - hippy. "people outfit"- hippie clothes. "people people"- hippie. SIGN SIGNATURE A TY (beginning 70) [on something] - 1. to involve a person in some event, to agree on his participation in something. "Sign the girl up for fun" 2. to get, to beg for something. "I signed him up for ten." POCKET(from the English pocket "pocket") P ABOUT KET [pl. POCKET A] (beginning 70; obsolete) - pocket. POLICY(from the English police "police") P ABOUT LIS (early 70) - [ Sg.t. ] police. “Once a terrible policy took me from Rashi.”(from the song) [pl. POLICY A] policeman. SAW see SAW. PRICE(from English price "price") PRICE [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - 1. money. "Do you have a price list?" 2. (outdated?) price. PRICES A TH - to supply with money. "He priced the whole party." PRICE ABOUT VYY - 1. (about the situation) related to money. "price schedule" 2. (about a person) having money. "price man" FREE PRICE ABOUT VNIK 1. a person who does not have money. 2. situation of lack of money. PRICELESS - having no money. LIMIT PREV E L [Sg.t. ] - end, failure. CASUALTY [Sg.t. ] - 1. lack of laws, absolute freedom(possibly with all the ensuing unpleasant consequences). 2. violation of the rules of decency, revelry. “Yesterday the civilians joined us, got crazy and caused chaos.” BESPRED E To be lazy - to behave without paying attention to the rules of decency. "Stop messing around!" BESPRED E FLEATER - a person who violates the rules of decency and indulges in revelry. NAIL THE JOIN see JOIN. PRIC(from the English prick "male genital organ") PRIK (early 70) - male genital organ. "Don't worry about yourself" PRIC ABOUT VYY (early 70) - bad, poor quality ATTITUDE PRIC AND D (end 70) - 1. hippie clothes. 2. clothes in general. PRIC AND NUTY 1. in hippie clothes. 2. (general) dressed up. PRIC AND TO GET UP (gen.) - to get dressed, to dress up. PIN JOKE ABOUT TO BE [nesov. PRIC A LAY] (gen.?; beginning 70) [to something] 1. (gen.?) pay attention. "Have fun, what a cool girl!" 2. choose something as an object of irony. "Stop making fun of these scoops." 3. become interested in something, choose something as a source of positive emotions. "I'm making fun of the avant-garde." 4. to love, to be carried away by someone. "I've got a crush on this girl." PRIC ABOUT L (general?; early 70) 1. something to which you can PIN [2 and 3]. 2. something funny, funny. 3. hobby, object of interest. JOKE AND ST (beginning 70) - 1. one who likes to JOKE 2. a person who creates funny, funny situations around himself. PRIC ABOUT FLAX - fun, original, with humor. PRIC ABOUT FLINSHY, COOL ABOUT J (gen.?; early 70) - 1. worthy of irony, funny. 2. noteworthy, interesting. PRIC ABOUT FLEATER (beginning 70) = FUNNY. COMING PRIH ABOUT D (narc.; early 70) - the first sensations of the effects of a narcotic drug. PRIHODN U TO BE (beginning 70) - to experience ARRIVAL. ADVANCE see MOVE. MISS see SMASH. PUNKER(from English punk "punk") P U NKER [pl. PUNKER A. P U NKERS ] (end 80) - punk. PUNK (kon.80) = PUNKER. P U NKERSKY (early 90) - punk. P U NKERSHA (late 80) - punk girl. BLAZE[owl Puff ] (drug?) - smoke HERB. “Isn’t it time for us to get puffed up?” UP Y HUNG (narc.) - get high on HERB. PARENT(from English parent "parent") P E RANT, P A RENT [ mn P(E)RENT A, P E RENTS, P A RENTS], P E RENS, P A RENS [pl. P(E)RENS A, P E RANSY, P A RANSY] (beginning 70) - parent. "With my crazy behavior I drove the parents..."(from song) "Parent gave me ten today," P(E)RANT ABOUT VYY, P(E)RANS ABOUT VII (early 70) - parent. HEEL P I TKA (narc.) - part of the JOIN, which is rolled so that the HERB does not spill out and which remains the last one when smoking. DISASSEMBLY RAZB ABOUT RKA (early 80) - clarification of relations. “These showdowns with the parents have already fucked me up.” SCHEDULE DISCOVER A D (early 70) - circumstances, situation, relationships. "Go to his flat without a mask. He has a shot deal with the parents." DISCOVER A PUSH - to sort things out. RECORD(from the English record "gramophone record") R E CORD [pl.RECORD A] (beginning 70) - gramophone record. "My brother has a cool record." RECORD ABOUT VY CHANGE - exchange of records. BOXING RING(from English to ring "to call") RING (beginning 70) 1. [ Sg.t. ] phone number. "What kind of ring do you have?" 2. [Sg.t. ] telephone set. 3. (from the English ring “hoop”) a rope around the head holding the hair. BOXING RING A TH [owl. RINGAN U TY ] (beginning 70) - call. "I'll give you a ringan tomorrow." RINGS A TY = RING. BOXING RING U SHNIK (kon.80) - notebook with phone numbers. SIZE(from English size "size") SIZE [Sg.t.? ] (beginning 70) - size. IN SIZE (beginning 70) - according to size. “These shoes are not the right size for me.” SIZE Y[Pl.t. ] (early 70; obsolete) - 1. female breast. 2. large female breasts. "Cool girl - with sizes." FIREWORK SAL YU T [Sg.t] (narc.) - solutan. HAND OVER GIVING UP A TH [owl. RENT ] (beginning 70) - sell. “I handed over these shoes yesterday.” ON SD A ChU (early 70) - for sale. "Do you have a record to pass?" SIT LED EТ (beginning 70) [on something] - regularly use something as a narcotic drug. "sit on the screw" SIT - start using drugs regularly. “She got hooked at the age of fourteen.” SUPPLEMENT AND TH - to accustom someone to using drugs. "put on a needle" "get me hooked on Jeff" PODS E SEAT = SIT. SYSTEM SIST E MA (early 70) - 1. the hippie community in the USSR as an informal youth association. 2. any territorial or temporary community of hippies. "They have their own system in Sverdlovsk." "I hung out with the system back in '72." SIST E MYY (early 70) - belonging to the SYSTEM [ 1 ] hippie. "system people" "Are you systemic?" COLOSSIST E ME (beginning of 70) - (about a person) sympathizing with the system and communicating with hippies, but not a hippie himself. PRISIST E MY = CIRCUMSYSTEMIC. SIT(from English to sit "to sit") C AND TAT (early 70: obsolete) - sit. ZAS AND TAT (early 70; obsolete) - sit. “We need to sit here, maybe people will come down.” POS AND TAT (beginning 70; obsolete) = SIT. SKIP SK AND FALL [owl. SKIP ] (start 70) - 1. leave, leave. "People, it's time for me to skip." “I’m skipping to Crimea tomorrow.” 2. quickly leave, leave, disappear in tense situations. “Yesterday the lubber arrived, but we immediately skipped it.” SCHOOL(from English school "school") SCHOOL (Sg.t.?] (early 70; obsolete) - school. SCHOOL ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - school. "cheekbone friend" GET OFF GET OFF (from the needle) - stop using drugs. STICK(from English to sleep "sleep") SL AND SLEEP (early 70; obsolete) - sleep. ZASL AND SLEEP (early 70; obsolete) - sleep. SMOK(from the English smoke "cigarette, cigarette") SMOK - smoke. "I smoke crap smoke..."(from song) "Do you have any smoke?" DOG WITH DOGS - by train (travel, travel). "Are you going to St. Petersburg on the highway? - No, on dogs." SCOOP OWL ABOUT K [pl. SOVK AND] (con.70) (disregarded) - 1. anything permeated with Soviet ideology, someone with a Soviet way of thinking. "He has parents - cool scoops!" "This movie is such a scoop!" 2. USSR. "The scoop has already fucked me." SOVK ABOUT VO - in Soviet style, poor quality, bad. SOVK ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) (neglected) - 1. corresponding to the Soviet way of thinking (and, thus, having a lot of shortcomings). “It was quite a soviet session yesterday.” 2. Soviet "- Do you have branded shoes? - No, Soviet ones." STRAW SOL ABOUT MA [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - chopped poppy heads. SOPLEVICH NOZZL E HIV [Sg.t. ] (narc.) - ephedrine. MATCH(from English to speak "to speak") SP AND CHIT, SP AND KAT (gen.?; early 70) - talk, talk. SPICH [Sg.t. ] (gen.?) - conversation. JOB(possibly from Russian, joke "whip, whip") STEB A TY (beginning 70) [someone, something] - laugh, sneer at someone, something (with varying degrees of playfulness or anger). BATTLE [Sg.t.? ] (beginning 70) - 1. irony, mockery, irony (with varying degrees of playfulness or anger). "Quit your banter." 2. something that is worthy of irony, ridicule. "This Soviet music is such banter" banter A LOVO - situation of banter [ 1 ] banter A TO TEST (beginning 70) [over something, someone] = JOB [someone, something] ST Yo BNO (early 70) - with mockery, with humor. ST Yo BNYY (beginning 70) - 1. being irony, mockery. 2. worthy of irony, ridicule. banter ABOUT VO (beginning 70) = TERRIBLE. banter ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) = STEBNY. banter ABOUT K [pl. JAKER] (beginning 70) - a person who loves to JAKE. IN Y JOB (beginning 70) - make fun of. ZASTEB A TH (beginning 70) - bring a person to a state of discomfort, JOBING him. OBSTEB A TH = OUT. GLASS GLASS ABOUT[Sg.t. ] (narcotic) - 1. (early 70) medicines used as narcotic drugs, in ampoule packaging. 2. chemical utensils used for preparing drugs. STOP STOP [Sg.t. ] (start, 70) - hitchhiking, traveling on passing cars. "Let's go to Asia by foot" ST ABOUT DRINK (CON.70) - vote for machines. “To scrap something, let’s better grab it.” ST ABOUT PNIK (kon.70) - atlas highways THE USSR. "Did you take the stopper?" ST ABOUT PSHCHIK (kon.70) - a person who hitchhikes. ZAST ABOUT DRINK (con.70) - catch a car. "We a whole hour They couldn't stop anyone." ARROW STR E LKA [pl. ARROW ] (con.70) - scheduled meeting. "I have a shooter at five." ZAB AND TH [nesov. SCORED A TY] ARROW (point 70) - arrange a meeting. "We hit the target in Saigon." STREL A[ ? pl. STR E LY] (line 70) = ARROW. ZAB AND TH [nesov. SCORED A TY] ARROW (end 70) = LOCK THE ARROW. STREAM STROM [Sg.t.? ] (beginning 70) - danger, fear unpleasant situation. STREM A K [pl. STREMAK AND] (usually plural) 1. dangerous, unpleasant event, situation. “We had such stremaks in Crimea.” 2. objects that can cause a dangerous situation. "Hide your stirrups - now the police will come." STREMAK AND ROLL UP AND LI - dangerous, unpleasant events began to occur. STREM A LOVO is a STRONG situation. STREM A TH (beginning 70) - 1. to frighten. 2. cause a person to experience a state of discomfort and uncertainty. "destroyer Swift"(pun intended) STREM A TO BE (beginning 70) - 1. to be afraid. 2. experience discomfort, uncertainty, unpleasant emotions. STR Yo INR (starting 70) - 1. scary. 2. unpleasant, emotionally uncomfortable. STR Yo MYY (beginning 70) - 1. dangerous, not boding well. 2. unpleasant, tense, not evoking positive emotions, disturbing emotional comfort. "Your friend is terrible." STREMOP A TIA - chronic fear, phobia. STUCK A TH (beginning 70) - 1. to frighten. 2. cause a person to experience a state of discomfort and uncertainty. "You've completely confused this girl with your carts." STUCK A TO BE SCARED (beginning 70) - to get scared. begin to experience a state of discomfort and uncertainty. LET'S CHANGE A Th - to scare. LET'S CHANGE A FEAR - get scared. “I go out on the stairs, high, and there’s a policy at my door. I’m so nervous.” STRAIGHT(from the English street "street") STREET (beginning 70) 1. street. 2. a certain street in the city (usually one of the central ones), where hippies usually gather. STRAIGHT ABOUT VYY (early 70) 1. (about the subject) hippy, like a hippie. "street outfit" 2. (about a person) hippie. "street man" 3. (about hippies) actively attending parties (as opposed to FLAT). STRING STRINGS A(narc.) - a needle from a syringe. STATES(from the English United States "United States") STATES [pl. STATES A, ST E YTSY ] (early 70; obsolete) - American. STATES ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - American. STAND(English: to stand "stand") STAND A[Sg.t. ] (early 70) - erection. "I have a stand for this girl." STAND [Sg.t. ] (start 70), STAND Y[Pl.t. ] = STAND. STANDS A TH [owl. STANDS AТъ] (early 70) - experience an erection. "I stood in the moment." STANDATE(from English to stand "to stand") ST E NDAT (early 70; obsolete) - stand. SESSION(from English session "meeting") C E YSH(E)N [pl. SESSION A] (early 70) - musical concert. gathering, party. “I’ll have a session on the flat today.” TARCH see STICK OUT. TASK(narc.?) TASK (early 70) - a state of narcotic euphoria. T A SKA (narc.?) (early 70) = TASK. TASH AND TO BE - (narc.?) 1. to use drugs. (narc?) 2. experience a state of euphoria from drugs. 3. (general) to experience a state of euphoria. TAYUHA(from English tie "tie") TA YU HA (early 70; obsolete) - tie. CART TEL E GA (early 80) - history, reasoning, or any verbal information in general (very likely fictitious). DRIVE [owl. PROGN A T) TEL E GU (early 80) - tell a story, report something (usually of dubious authenticity or value). TEL E ZHNIK (early 80) - a person who likes to tell stories of dubious authenticity. "This dude is a famous cart operator." DARKNESS(from the corner) DARKNESS A[Sg.t. ] (narc.) - tranquilizers. TICKET(from the English ticket "ticket") T AND KET [pl. TICKET A] (early 70, outdated?) - ticket. “Did you get a ticket for the session? CURRENT(from English to talk "to talk") CURRENT [units. ] (beginning 70; obsolete) - conversation. SOLD AND TOK (early 70; obsolete) - speak a foreign language, imitating foreigners. “We pushed the current and they let us in.” STICKING UP TORCH A TH (beginning 70) - 1. use drugs. "I haven't hung around for a month." 2. [on something] regularly use drugs. "It's sticking out on Jeff." 3. [from something, from something, on something] (gen.) - experience a state of euphoria. "I'm sick of this music." TORCH. TARCH [Sg.t. ] (narc?; early 70) - 1. the process of using drugs. 2. narcotic drug; what they stick out on. TORCH ABOUT K (early 70) - a person who constantly uses drugs; drug addict. OBTORCH A GO (beginning 70); OTTORCH A PUSH = PUSH UP. STORCH A TO DIE - to die or reach a state of complete degradation as a result of drug use. UTORCH A TO BE (beginning 70) - to reach a pronounced state of drug (less often alcohol) intoxication. GRASS HERBS A(gen.: early 70) - any narcotic drug for smoking. TRUNK TRUNK (early 80) - tranquilizer. "Trans-Xiberian Express" (pun intended). ROUTE TR A SSA (general; con. 70) - a large (or pretending to be) highway or highway. TR software A SCE (ride) - hitchhiking, hitchhiking. "Let's go to St. Petersburg along the highway." TR A SSNIK (early 80) - atlas of highways of the USSR. TR A SOVIY - for the route, corresponding to the route. “Don’t try too hard - this is my route outfit.” CRACK TR E ROCK [owl. GET INVOLVED] (drug?) - inject drugs. PIPE PIPES A[Sg.t.? ] (early 70; obsolete?) 1. underground passage (usually a certain passage in which hippies gather). 2.[plural] (narc.) - veins. TRUZERA(from English trousers "pants") TR U ZER (early 70; obsolete?) - pants, jeans. TRUZER A[Pl.t. ] (early 70; obsolete?) = TRUZER. TRYNDIT(from tryndit (Tver dialect) - “to repeat, to say the same thing”) TRYND AND THOUGH, THRUND E TH (beginning 80) - talk, chat. TRYND Yo F [Sg.t. ] (beginning 80) - conversation, chatter. POTRYND AND TH (beginning 80) - talk, chat. PARTY TUSOVKA (con.70) - 1. a gathering of hippies with the goal of communicating with each other (usually regular certain place). “Where is the party in Tallinn now?” "Are you coming to the party today?" 2. company, social circle. “I was fucked by this non-maz party.” 3. any public event. “We had a cool party at Lennon’s beznik.” 4. crowd, any gathering of people. “What kind of party is this at the store?” TUSN I K = PARTY. TUSOV A TO BE [owl. TUSAN U GO] (con.70) - 1. attend PARTS [ 1 ]. “It’s kind of hard for me to hang out.” 2. be a hippie. "Are you hanging out?" 3. communicate with someone. "I haven't hung out with him in a long time." 4. do nothing, rest. "Are you going to St. Petersburg on business? - No, to hang out." 5. walk (without a specific purpose). "Why are you hanging out here?" TUS ABOUT VOCHNY (con.70) - 1. (about a person) constantly attending PARTY [1]. "party girl" 2. (about an item) intended for PARTIES [ 1 ]. "party outfit" TUS ABOUT VSHCHIK (con.70) - 1. a person who constantly attends PARTS [1]. 2. a person for whom communication is one of the main activities in life. RASTUSOV A TO HAVE - 1. stop communicating, become friends. 2. disperse, miss each other. STUSOV A TO GET TOGETHER - 1. get acquainted, make friends, start communicating. 2. meet. heating element(English ten "ten") TEN (early 70) - ten rubles. heating element ABOUT K (beginning 70) = heating element. FLIGHT AWAY UL Yo T (gen.; early 70) (exp.) - delight, a state of euphoria, feeling in another space. UL Yo TNYY (general; early 70) - wonderful, stunning, causing a state of euphoria. FLIGHT A TH [owl. FLIGHT EТъ] (general,?; early 70) - to experience a delighted state of euphoria. UMAT MIND A T (early 70; obsolete?) (exp.) - expresses admiration, delight. IN THE MIND A T (early 70, outdated?) - absolutely, completely. "We had a blast yesterday." MIND A TNYY, UMATN ABOUT J (early 70; obsolete?) - 1. cheerful, bringing fun, giving a reason to have fun. 2. wonderful. URL URL A[Sg.t. ] (early 70) - punks, aggressively minded youth of low intellectual level. UREL [pl. UREL A, UREL Y] (con.70) - representative of URLA. URL ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) - 1. (about a person) being a representative of URL. 2. as in URL, consisting of URL, etc. "url hair" "url party" 3. uncultured, rude, stupid. "at the police yard there are urloe men..."(from song) PHASER(from the English father "father") PHASER [Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - father. FIFFE FIFE (early 70) - five-ruble bill. FIFFE ABOUT VYY (beginning 70); FAY I K (beginning 70); FIFFE U SHNIK (beginning 70) = FIFE. FAK(from English to fuck "to make love, to copulate") FAK (early 70) - copulation. F A KAT, F A CHIT (beginning 70) [someone] - perform sexual intercourse with someone. F A REPENT, F A TO READ (beginning 70) - to copulate. F A KER (con.80) - a big fan of making love. F A KMEN (con.80) = FAKER. FAX E YSHN (early 70) - group copulation, or copulation of many couples within one place. “And the pigeons, the scum, having eaten a lot of millet, staged a fuck session at my window.”(from the song) ZAF A KAT, ZAF A READ [someone] (beginning TO) - to bore someone. "He fucked me with his carts." OTF A CHIT (beginning 70) [someone] - perform sexual intercourse with someone. PODF A TO SWAP (early 70: obsolete?) - to copulate, using a chance opportunity. HAIRDRYER FEN (narc.) - phenamine (psychostimulant). BENCHKA F E NECHKA (early 70) - 1. a trinket made of beads, leather, etc., serving as decoration. Worn mainly on the hand or around the neck. "Shall I give you this bauble?" 2. a small funny story, story, piece of music, etc. “Now I’ll tell you such a cool bauble.” F E NYKA = BANECHKA. FIRM(from farce) FIRM A[Sg.t. ] (beginning 70) - foreigner, foreigners. BOMB AND TH, UT YU LIVE FIRMS U(beginning 70; obsolete) - enter into contact with foreigners in order to obtain any material benefit. FIRM A Ch [pl. FIRMACH AND] (early 70) - foreigner. FIRM ABOUT VYY (early 70) - foreign. FLAVOY(from the English flower "flower") FLAV ABOUT VYY (early 70) - (about a person) who shares the ideals of a hippie, but is not a hippie himself. FLET(from the English flat "apartment") FLET (early 70) - apartment. FLET ABOUT VYY (early 70) - 1. (about hippies) a hippie who does not go to parties, but sits at home and communicates only with a narrow circle of friends. 2. home. "flat session" FRILAVE see LAV. FRIEND(from English friend "friend") FRIEND [pl. FRIEND Y] (beginning 70) - friend. FRIEND ABOUT VYY (beginning 70) - belonging to a friend, relating to a friend. "Are these your trousers? - No, friend ones." FRENCH(from English French "French") FRENCH (early 70; obsolete?) - Frenchman. FRENCH ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete?) - French. FACE(from English face "face") FACE [pl. FACE ] - face. "And somewhere in the taverns my friends are sitting, Their faces are unshaven, their hands are written."(from song) FEISAN U TY (beginning 80) - hit in the face. FACES A TY (beginning 80) - hit in the face. FACE U SHNIK (beginning 70) = FACE. OFFACES A TH (con.70) - to stuff your face. GOOD(from corner) X A VAT (con.70) - yes. X A VKA (kon.70) - food. "Do you have a munchie?" ZAH A VAT (kon.70) - eat (usually about pills). “Yesterday he ate the leaf cycles.” NAH A TO EAT (con. 70) - to eat. CX A VAT (con.70) - eat. “We stole everything from him yesterday.” HAIR(from English hair "hair") HAIR [Sg.t. ], HAIR [ Pl.t. ] (early 70) - 1. long hair, characteristic of hippies. "Look - a guy with hair!" 2. hair in general. “I haven’t washed the khair for three weeks.” HAIRAN U TIES = OBHAIR A THINK. HAIR A STAY (beginning 70) - with HAIR [ 1 ]. HAIR A TNIK - a rope around the head holding the hair. HAIR A TYY (early 70); HAIR A VOY (beginning 70) = HAIRY. HAIRED - tonsured, without HAIR [1]. OBHAIR A Th - to cut one's hair (usually forcibly). "I was robbed by the police." OBHAIR A SHUT - 1. cut your hair. 2. stop being a hippie, get out of the SYSTEM. "I've been hairless for a year now." HIDE(from English to hear "listen") X AND GIVE [owl. ZAH AND GIVE] (beginning 70; obsolete) - listen. PROH AND GIVE (beginning 70; obsolete) - listen. HIC(from English to hitch-hike "to hitchhike") HICH [Sg.t. ] - trip, hitchhiking. "He went to the heech." HHICH A YKER - one who hitchhikes. CLAMP HOM U T [pl. CLAMP Y] (early 70; obsolete) - policeman, vigilante. CLAMP A TH [owl. WILL LOCK AТъ] (early 70; obsolete) - to arrest. KHOMUTSK A I (early 70; obsolete) - police department. CLAMP Yo[Sg.t. ] (early 70; obsolete) - police, vigilantes. HANDS(from English hand "hand") HAND Y[Pl.t? ] (start 70) - hands. CENTER CENTERS ABOUT J - 1. (in the provinces) a person from the central regions (usually from Moscow or St. Petersburg). 2. (early 70; obsolete) an outstanding or distinguished person. 3. (early 70; obsolete) a person whose belonging to a hippie is beyond doubt. CENTER (early 70; obsolete) - the main gathering place of the SYSTEM. CENTER A[Pl.t. ] - the city center, the habitat of the SYSTEM. CENTER ANDТ (beginning 70: obsolete) - go to the center, thereby visiting hippie hangouts; be a hippie. CENTERS A TH (beginning 70: obsolete); CENTERS A TO (beginning 70; obsolete) = CENTER. CENTER I K (narc.) - central vein. CATCH TSEPL I TH [owl. CEPAN U TH] (narc.?; con.70) - (about GRASS) to provide the required effect. "Grass-free grass doesn't stick at all" HITCH AND TH = TO SNAP. CIVIL DSC AND L (beginning of 80) - a person leading a civilized lifestyle, enjoying all the social benefits of society, corresponding to generally accepted social norms. DSC AND FLAX (early 80) - 1. (about a person) being a CIVIL. "civilian man". 2. relating to CIVIL, consisting of CIVIL. and so on. "civil flat". "civil party". 3. consistent with generally accepted social norms. "civilian outfit". DSC AND LINEN (early 80) - 1. clothing that meets generally accepted social norms. 2. = CIVIL, CIVIL. "There are only civilians on the street - not a single hairy one." CYCLE CYCLE (beginning 70) - cyclodol. CYCLE A[Sg.t]; CYCLE Y[Pl.t. ] (start 70) = CYCLE ZAC AND KLIT (early 70; obsolete?) - take cyclodol. CHILD(from English child "child") CHILD, CHILD [pl. CHILD Y, CHILD Y "She's coming with her child now." CHANGE(from English to change "to exchange") CHANGE, CHENCH (early 70; obsolete?) - exchange CHANGE U TO BE (beginning 70; obsolete?) - change. BLACK H Yo RNY (narcotic) - 1. opium and narcotic drugs based on it. 2. crystalline iodine. H E RAYA (narc.) = BLACK [ 1) CHIC-FIRE(from Russian, "chik" (onomatopoeic) and English fire "fire"). CHIK-F A EP - lighter. "Do you have a chick-fire?" CHILDREN(from English children "children") Ch AND LDREN, CHILDREN A N [pl. CHILDREN Y] CHULDR E N [pl. CHULDREN Y] (early 70; obsolete?) - child. “When I was a childran, I wore grated Rifle.”(from song) SHIZA SHIZ A[Sg.t. ] (con.70) - 1. mentally inadequate state of a person, abnormality (both permanent and short-term). "I've been crazy all summer." 2. an object capable of causing a mentally abnormal state in a person. "This movie is so crazy." 3. schizophrenia. “I started telling the doctor about Lao Tzu - he immediately gave me a crazy diagnosis.” 4. mental hospital. SHIZAN U TYY is mentally abnormal. SHIZAN U go crazy - go crazy. SHIZ ABOUT VYY (kon.70) - a subject or object that is abnormal and, as a rule, causes an abnormal state of consciousness in other people. "cheesy outfit" "crazy music" EXPAND(from wide - dig, pick, poke) SHIR I TEST (beginning 70) - inject a drug. Sh AND ROAR [Sg.t. ] - any drug for injection. SHIR I LOVO [Sg.t. ] = WIDE. SHOP(from the English shop "shop") SHOP (early 70) - 1. store. "Let's go to the store for some wine." 2. (obsolete) store "Beryozka". "He has a truzer from the shop." SHOES(from English shoes "boots, shoes") SHOES Y[Pl.t. ] (early 70) - shoes. SHUZ [Sg.t] (beginning 70): SHUZN I[Sg.t] (early 70) = SHOES. SOUTH SOUTH [pl. SOUTH A] (obsolete?) - Yugoslav. SOUTH ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete?) - Yugoslavian. YKS(from Farc; from Finnish yksi “one”) YUKS [pl. YUKSY] (kon.80) - one ruble. "Dai yux." YKS ABOUT VYY (kon.80) = YUKS. YOUNG(from English young "young") YANG ABOUT VYY (early 70; obsolete) - young.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works that provide interpretations of some slang words (regardless of the quality of the material):
Zhitinsky A. The Journey of a Rock Amateur: A Musical Novel. - L., 1990. Zapesotsky A.S., Fain A.P. This incomprehensible youth. - M., 1990. Mazurova A.I. Dictionary of slang common among informal youth associations // Psychological problems studying informal youth communities. - M., 1988. Radzikhovsky L.A., Mazurova A.I. Slang as a tool of defamiliarization // Language and cognitive activity. - M., 1989. Rock music in the USSR: Experience of a popular encyclopedia. - M., 1990.
Slang dictionary:
Absolutely stupid slang of the Tatar-Bashkir hippie district (naslenge). - Kazan, 1988. (typescript).
Works and dictionaries used to determine the origin of slang words:
Breitman G.N. Underworld. Sketches from the life of professional criminals. - Yuryev, 1900. Dal VI. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language (vols. 1-4). - M., 1978. Kozlovsky V. Collection of Russian thieves' dictionaries (vols. 1-4). - New York, 1985. Muller V.K. English-Russian dictionary. - M., 1989. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1990. Snegov S. Philosophy of thieves' language. // Daugava. - Riga, 1990. No. II. P. 16. Trakhtenberg V.F. Blatant music. (Prison "jargon"). - St. Petersburg, 1908. Vasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language (vols. 1-4). - M., 1987.
Theoretical aspects of the functioning of slang of subcultures. General concept of the language of culture. Basic concepts of lexicography. Description of the hippie slang dictionary edited by F.I. Rozhansky. Comparison of slang dictionaries of hippie and Rastafari subcultures, hip-hop.
Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/
[Enter text]
Introduction
Currently, the phenomena of youth subculture attract the attention of sociologists, culturologists, psychologists, and linguists. A youth subculture is a social community, each representative of which considers himself a member of it; members of such a community can form both groups of direct contact (companies, associations, parties) and virtual communication. The reasons for this interest are quite varied. The youth subculture can be considered as a rich source of innovation and discovery in art, fashion, and forms of leisure; as a variant of primitive mass culture; like a form creative activity youth who do not find acceptance and support from official culture; as a source of danger for social and spiritual health young. From a linguistic point of view, the subject of studying youth subcultures is special shape language - slang. Slang is a bright, expressive layer of non-literary vocabulary, a living, agile language that keeps up with the times and reacts to any changes in the life of the country and society. Youth slang is one of the components of the process of language development, its replenishment, its diversity.
Slang lexicography has existed since the early 1990s. gg., however, there have been no large-scale studies of the interaction of slang of different subcultures previously, which determines the relevance of this work.
Study and lexicography of slang Elistratova V.S., Ermakova O.P., Zemskaya E.A. and Rozina R.I., Shchuplova A., Maksimova B.B., Mokienko V.M. and Nikitna T.G., Yuganovs I. and F.
Hippies are prominent representatives of subcultures. This subculture has its own ideology, attributes and slang, thanks to which participants have relatively reliable ways of identifying their own kind.
The study was based on theoretical materials from the works of a number of linguists, psychologists, sociologists who studied the features of the language and symbols of the hippie subculture: (Larin S., Lopukhina A. Mazurova A., Radzikhovsky L., Rozhansky F.I., Khoreva N., Zapesotsky A.S., Fain A.P., Mulyarova E.S., Yulova A.M., Shchepanskaya T.B.)
The purpose of this work is to identify common features of the slang of the hippie subculture and the subcultures of Rastafari, hip-hop and punk.
Based on the goals of this work, the following series of tasks were set:
Consider the vocabulary of these subcultures;
Conduct a comparative analysis;
Identify similarities and differences in the slang of these subcultures.
To solve the problems, we used following methods research:
Comparative and comparative;
Method of quantitative calculations.
Continuous sampling method.
To compile the empirical material, 55 Internet blogs, chats and forums devoted to the topics of Rastafari, hip-hop and punk subcultures, scientific articles from the Internet, and printed materials were used.
Graduation qualifying work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of bibliographic sources and an appendix.
As a hypothesis, it is suggested that the slang of modern youth subcultures Rastafari, hip-hop and punk borrowed some of the concepts from the slang of the hippie subculture.
The theoretical part contains short excursion into the history of the hippie subculture, definitions of the concept of “slang”, its place in the system of vocabulary, a study of the features of the slang of the hippie subculture and the ways of its emergence, as well as a description of the problems of its lexicography.
The second chapter contains methods and lexicographic principles for compiling an explanatory dictionary of slang of subcultures, the definition and structure of the created dictionary, as well as principles for comparing the dictionaries obtained as a result of the research.
The application is short dictionaries subcultures of Rastafari and hip-hop, punk. The work also contains screenshots of thematic chats and forum articles, as well as materials in text format.
Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of the functioning of subculture slang
1.1 History of the hippie subculture
Hippie (English hippy or hippie; from colloquial hip or hep, - “understanding, knowing”; hipster - the old name of the subculture of fans of bebop, a musical style that developed in the early - mid-40s of the XX century and is characterized by fast tempo and complex improvisations based on playing harmony rather than melody) - a philosophy and subculture that originally emerged in the 1960s in the USA.
The word hippie comes from the words hip or hipster, used by the beatniks to describe someone who is part of their scene. Literally it means to know, so “hip” is someone who “understood”, “realized”, who is wise.
Hippies never called themselves that. They preferred to be called “wonderful people.” However, the media played with the term "hippie" and used it everywhere to describe the masses of young people growing their hair long, listening to rock music, doing drugs, practicing free love, going to various festivals and concerts, organizing demonstrations and rejecting the popular culture of the early 60s. "X.
The word “hippie” first appeared in print on September 5, 1965. Michael Fallon, a writer from San Francisco, used the term "hippie" in an article on the San Francisco counterculture, where he described the Blue Unicorn coffee shop, which hosted the Legalize Marijuana Society (LEMAR) and the League for Sexual Freedom. Fallon also used this term to describe the houses in which hippies lived.
Timothy Leary, an American writer and psychologist who shared the views of the hippies, wrote: “Hippie is the label attached by the establishment to a deep, invisible, hidden evolutionary process. For every barefoot hippie in baubles and flowers, there are thousands of invisible members of the underground. People whose lives are tuned to their inner vision. Those who fell out of this TV comedy of American Life."
The beginning of the hippie movement can be considered 1965 in the USA. The main principle of the subculture was non-violence (ahimsa). Hippies wore long hair, listened to rock and roll, used drugs (mainly marijuana, but also hashish and LSD), lived in communes (the most famous commune today was in Denmark - the Free City of Christiania), hitchhiked, were fond of meditation and oriental mysticism and religions, mainly Zen Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism, many of them were vegetarians. There were also “Jesus movement” and “Jesus Revolution” (rock opera Jesus Christ - superstar - 70). Since hippies often wove flowers into their hair, gave flowers to passers-by and inserted them into the gun muzzles of policemen and soldiers, and also used the slogan “Flower Power,” they began to be called “flower children.”
The strength and power of the peace movement was especially evident during the numerous anti-war demonstrations that took place throughout the country. Students, teachers, children, women, war veterans, writers, musicians, pacifists, radical elements, even parents and the elderly made efforts to end the Vietnam War. Although many of these protesters were never considered hippies at home or at work, the country's leadership and conservative elements nevertheless lumped them all under the same label - "hippies."
The students led the movement against the war because they were among those drafted to serve and die in Vietnam. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) helped organize and coordinate protests across the country.
Bertrand Russell, English mathematician, philosopher and public figure, who took an active part in anti-war protests and demonstrations against nuclear weapons, wrote: “War does not show who is right, only who is wrong.”
The number of student military draft deferments was sharply reduced. Some students burned their draft cards during the protests, then fled the draft in Canada.
War veterans returning from Vietnam, whether due to their wounds or the end of their “journey,” had a place in the ranks of the anti-war movement. During the protests, many of them threw their medals over the Capitol fence.
Almost all of the protests have been relatively peaceful. Most arrests occurred due to sit-ins that took place on government or private property. More radical elements tried to stir up trouble. This was partly out of desperation and partly because some radicals had a revolutionary ideology that required armed struggle to succeed. The Black Panthers and the Weathermen struck fear into the hearts of many with their violent tactics. Most hippies did not support their controversial methods.
The movement's popularity peaked in 1967 (the so-called "summer of love"), when unofficial hippie anthems were released - A "San Francisco (Be Sure To Wear Some Flowers In Your Hair)" (written by John Phillips of The Mamas and the Papas , performed by Scott McKenzie), “All You Need Is Love” and “She's Leaving Home” The Beatles. The musical projection of the movement was psychedelic music. In 1967, the premiere of the psychedelic musical “Hair” took place in New York, the participants of which appeared naked on stage (the popularization of nudism is associated with the hippie movement). Hippies showed the world a new stage of spiritual development and enriched world culture. To understand this, it is enough just to list some of what happened in society under the influence of the hippie movement: tolerance of racial differences; legalization of surfactants (surfactants) in many countries; influence on fashion; popularization of healthy food and vegetarianism; anti-war movement (pacifism); movement for alternative military service; environmental movements; free travel (hitchhiking), altermondialism (a more accurate and adequate name for the program goals and ideology of the movement called anti-globalism). To be a hippie means to believe in peace as a way to resolve disagreements between people, ideologies, and religions. The path to peace lies through love and tolerance. Loving means accepting others for who they are, giving them the freedom to express themselves and not judging them for their appearance. This is the essence of the hippie philosophy.
San Francisco has always been characterized by an atmosphere of tolerance. In the late 50s and early 60s, San Francisco was a city of bohemians. Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and other writers, artists and musicians lived here and hosted the "party" at places like North Beach and across the bay in Berkeley. In 1964, the University of California at Berkeley was the home of the free speech movement. Thus, San Francisco was the city most suitable for the birth of a revolution in style, attitude and consciousness.
In 1967 he combined music, drugs and, of course, thousands of " wonderful people" This year began with the “Gathering of the Tribes, the First Gathering.”
On June 16, the Monterey Pop Festival attracted national attention, featuring bands such as the Grateful Dead, Big Brother and the Holding Company with Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix and Jefferson Airplane. On June 21, hippies organized a Summer Solstice concert in Golden Gate Park. On June 25, the Beatles' "All You Need Is Love" premiered on television, and 100,000 flower children gathered in Haight-Ashbury to celebrate. On the first of July, the Beatles album “Sgt. Pepper", which was inspired by their experiments with LSD, received universal acclaim. On July 7, The Time Magazine published the article “Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture.” On August 7th, George Harrison and his wife, Patti, visited the Haight, one of the areas of San Francisco that was the center of hippie meetings. On the twenty-sixth of August, Jimi Hendrix's album “Are You Experienced?” took first place in hip parades.
Haight, at his peak, was the heart of the LSD-driven revolution in consciousness, music, art, fashion and lifestyle.
A commune is a tent camp or several camps. Some hippies came to them in the spring (with the onset of warmth), and left only in the fall. They organized the camp as “hosts”. Other residents (guests) of the commune came for several days. The time spent by the inhabitants of the camp was almost no different from life “on the flat”.
As events unfolded, the media began to show the negative aspects of hippie life - poverty, life on the streets, drug overdoses, teenage pregnancy and the anti-war movement that was splitting the country. “Hippies” have become a negative thing for the vast majority of Americans. Today, the term "hippie" still evokes anger, fear, hostility and resentment among many. Unfortunately, this bias is passed on to the younger generation. Many young hippies today are calling this term and trying to bring back a positive meaning to it.
Many accuse hippies of debauchery, violating the moral and ethical standards of society, corrupting innocent teenagers, etc. It cannot be denied that hippies, like no other generation, were adherents of free love and advocated sexual freedom. Free Love was a true “sexual revolution” that liberated millions of Americans from the puritanical views on sex that were prevalent in the 1950s. Sex was something that was rarely discussed, and when it was discussed, adults warned them against such horrors as masturbation or sex before marriage. This lack of communication between parents and children has helped create a generation gap.
Then in 1966 Masters and Johnson's book, Human Sexual Responses, was published. Complete medical benefit, which sheds light on what happens during sex. Suddenly sex became a hot-button issue in America. Another popular book, Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Afraid to Ask), answered the most common questions about sex. Next came Alex Comfort's The Pleasure of Sex, whose title reflects changing attitudes toward sex in America (1972). This sudden enlightenment about sex was not just due to a few books. The desire to discuss this topic arose as a result of the “Sexual Revolution” already taking place.
The fashion industry followed the trends of the “sexual revolution”, creating miniskirts and sheer blouses. Another fashion trend among hippie women was the rejection of bras as part of society's attempts to control female sexuality.
The hippie movement had a significant impact on sexual freedom in the United States and throughout Europe. This revolution in sexual attitudes was more than a reaction to the Puritan morality of the 50s and early 60s. For hippies, true freedom means complete liberation from all social prohibitions. The authorship of living and writing about sexual freedom belongs to the beatniks. Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs and others lived unusually free, sexually expressive lives. Their writings influenced hippies to open up to sex and experiment without guilt or jealousy. Few other people wrote about sex in the 50s.
Despite the opinion of society about the debauchery and lack of moral principles of hippies, this subculture, in addition to free love and drug use, formulated many questions about moral and ethical standards, spirituality, as well as the shortcomings of the political system and environmental problems, as evidenced by the quote from Skip Stone's book: “With freedom comes responsibility. The system makes it difficult for us to survive unless we renounce our values. Therefore, it is necessary to open up alternative ways of living so as not to be a burden to others and a burden on the earth's resources. Hippies have tried many lifestyles and alternative businesses, including communes, joint ventures, holistic medicine and healthy eating. We focused everyone's attention on the environment to highlight our responsibility to our planet and future generations. Other beliefs that stem from hippie philosophy: earthly spirituality, such as the belief in Goya (the Earth as a single organism), the green movement ( political activity), as well as shamanism and vegetarianism. These philosophical and Political Views reflect respect for nature and the planet as a whole, something that is so lacking in our capitalist and materialistic society. The world needs hippies to show alternatives to the current system and warn of the impending disasters that will come if we do not change our way of life. The goal is not to make everyone a hippie (what should we protest against then?). Rather, we try to influence others by example through tolerance and love and by preaching the virtues of the hippie way."
The most prominent moment of the hippie movement was the Woodstock music festival, held on August 16, 17 and 18, 1969 at Max Yasgur's farm in Besel, New York. Despite some organizational problems, the festival turned out to be, as stated, “Three Days of Peace and Music.”
This event was noted as the peak of the hippie flower power movement. Before Woodstock, there had never been a concert with an audience of more than 70,000 people. 500,000 people attended the Woodstock concert. Initially expecting 100,000 people, the organizers did everything possible to cope with this number of people.
About Woodstock, Skip Stone writes in his book: “Woodstock, like the sixties themselves, cannot be repeated again. Attempts to capture the spirit and feelings are unsuccessful. We are left wondering what kind of event it was, and what kind of people were involved in it that made it so unusual.”
The hippie movement was the impetus for the development of the environmental movement, the founding of the Society for the Protection of the Environment, and the adoption of the Clean Water and Clean Air Acts.
In 1969, an oil leak occurred near Santa Barbara. The community was shocked by the massive environmental impact of this incident. The situation was aggravated by lack of preparedness power structures to such incidents, the lack of special equipment, technologies for collecting oil, cleaning beaches or rescuing animals.
At the same time, new wells were drilled throughout the California coast. The topic of the threat of this type of industry to the environment has received wide public attention.
Students participating in protests against the Vietnam War and the draft campaign took an active part in these events.
Gaylord Nelson, a senator from Wisconsin, put forward a proposal to organize students and give lectures on ecology in schools throughout the country. Denise Hayes, a Harvard Law student, was appointed national coordinator. The first Earth Day took place on April 22, 1970. It was the largest organized demonstration in history, with twenty million people participating.
Earth Day marked the beginning of the environmental movement, and by the end of 1970 the Environmental Protection Society was founded and the Clean Water and Clean Air Acts were passed. New ones were created environmental organizations Green Peace and Earth First!, while membership in groups like the Sierra Club increased.
Earth Day became an international holiday, and on its twentieth anniversary in 1990, two hundred million people in more than 140 countries took part in an event that was aimed at preserving tropical forests, hazardous waste disposal, recycling and acid rain.
President Clinton awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Gaylord Nelson for his concern and involvement in environmental issues.
In the 1970s, the hippie movement began to fall out of favor. In addition, the attitude towards this movement changed dramatically in America after a series of murders by members of the commune (the so-called Family) of Charles Manson in the late 1960s and the tragedy in Altamont at a concert by The Rolling Stones. Subsequently, many hippies adopted social morality.
Originating in the USA, the hippie movement also spread to Europe and the USSR. The period of existence of hippieism in the USSR corresponds to the beginning of the seventies (the centers of action are the Moscow region, Leningrad, the Baltic states).
Hippies appeared in our country in the late 60s as a result of a passion among elite youth (largely among the children of “exit” parents) for another foreign fashion - in appearance, music, and then lifestyle. Since hippieism initially took root among the so-called “high-life” (beautiful life), it remained elitist and few in number for a long time. But gradually the social base of the movement expanded and “democratized”, as access to foreign and domestic sources of information, music recordings, fashionable clothing, etc. became possible also for teenagers and young people from other social strata. At the same time, a new, more fashionable youth style appeared - punkism, which strengthened the shocking tendencies of hippieism and abandoned its romantic motives. The elitism has disappeared, the effect of novelty has disappeared.
In the process of the arrival of hippies from the West to the Soviet Union, to a large extent only external paraphernalia remained from him: long hair, jeans, beaded rings and bracelets, “xivniks” - neck bags for documents. The general outline of the ideology has been preserved.
The movement managed to avoid the most destructive ideological excesses of the Western hippie movement, for example, widespread drug addiction. The socialist way of life and education, originally received by its bearers, took on slightly different forms of understanding the essence of this movement. For example, the most proactive and largest group (“Moscow-Kiev-Lvov System”) developed the “Hippie Manifesto,” which, in particular, condemns drug use, while for Western hippies this was almost the main sign of self-identification. The sexual rebellion of Russian hippies took place in much milder forms. In addition, there was no homosexuality as a form of protest.
It is worth noting that such a change in the basic principles of ideology did not occur without the influence of the Iron Curtain and the counter-propaganda apparatus of the CPSU. In the USSR, hippie ideology continued to undergo intensive modification. It was characterized by: Rejection of the values prevailing in the surrounding society; the position of an observer, not a participant social life. Lack of structure in movement, lack of fixed goals. Lack of unshakable authorities; at the same time - openness to any teachings and doctrines (primarily of a psychedelic or mystical nature). The desire for direct (i.e., non-sign) group communication; emphasis on personalization, i.e. to the “Me and YOU” attitude. Asceticism. Sexual freedom; condemnation of sexual exploitation. Protest against the depersonalization that technology brings. Anti-academicism, as the desire to give knowledge immediate life meaning. Pacifism, aversion to all forms of aggression (the famous slogan “Make Love Not War”). A sense of the fundamental unity of all things; the realization that everyone is God.
I also didn’t receive it in Russia widespread among hippies there is Buddhism and Zen Buddhism. Their place was firmly captured by Orthodoxy. Orthodox hippies significantly modified the ideology of the movement itself, excluding from it much that was contrary to Christian moral standards.
With regard to “free love” (“freelove”), the Christianization of morality led to the fact that the understanding of this social institution of the movement among its various members turned out to be ambiguous. In Russia, “free love” began to be understood as Christian: “love for one’s neighbor,” “love for people.”
The movement was highly intellectualized, intertwined with the intelligentsia and bohemians, and maintained relations with religious circles. There was a constant exchange of information and accumulation of experience. In the 80s, the movement became broad and heterogeneous; a large number of nonconformists and those who no longer fell under the definition of “hippies” joined it.
Subsequently, punks, anarchists and even a small number of fascist youth also joined the movement. At the same time, there was an intensive assimilation of all movements; in their ideology they became hippie-oriented. During the research, it was found that, despite the stereotype of the “hippie drug addict” formed by the press, drug addiction among hippies was no more common than among other groups of teenagers. Hippies often used tranquilizers, but substance abuse was not common among them.
At the heart of the Soviet hippie movement, as well as their foreign prototype, is an ideology and a special vision of life principles. Mulyarova wrote the following about this: “So being a hippie is not a way of dressing, behaving, or economic status or social status. It is a philosophical approach to life that emphasizes freedom, peace, love and respect for others and the Earth. The hippie way will never die. There have always been hippies since society imposed rules on Jesus, on Henry David Thoreau, on John Lennon, on you and me. There is a little hippie in each of us. Only he was suppressed in the process of socialization. We need to find it and grow it. Only then will it be possible to realize your full potential.”
1.2 Slang as a form of language existence
The concept of slang is increasingly beginning to gain the attention of modern philology. Currently, there are quite a large number of definitions of slang, often contradicting each other. These contradictions relate, first of all, to the scope of the concept “slang”: the dispute is, in particular, about whether to include in slang only expressive, ironic words that are synonymous with literary equivalents, or also all non-standard vocabulary, the use of which is condemned among educated people.
IN modern linguistics There are doubts about the origin of the word "slang". According to one version, English. slang comes from sling (“throw”, “throw”). In such cases, they recall the archaic to sling one's jaw - “to speak violent and offensive speeches.” According to another version, “slang” goes back to slanguage, and the initial letter s was allegedly added to language as a result of the disappearance of the word thieves; that is, originally the speech was about the thieves' language.
It is unknown when the word slang first appeared in England in oral speech. It was first recorded in writing in England in the 18th century. Back then it meant “insult.” Around 1850, the term began to be used more widely as a designation for "illegal" vernacular language. At the same time, synonyms for the word slang appeared - lingo, used mainly in the lower strata of society, and argot - preferred by the colored population.
Let's look at some of the many scientific definitions slang.
“Slang is a relatively stable for a certain period, widely used, stylistically marked (reduced) lexical layer (nouns, adjectives and verbs denoting everyday phenomena, objects, processes and signs), a component of expressive vernacular, part of the literary language, very heterogeneous in its origins, the degree of approximation to the literary standard, possessing pejorative expression.”
In this definition, the following signs of slang attract attention: slang, according to V.A. Khomyakova, although it belongs to “expressive vernacular” and is included in the literary language, its degree of approximation to the literary standard is “very heterogeneous”, that is, one can find examples of “almost standard” and “not at all standard”. And, of course, pejorativeness is inherent in slang as its most characteristic feature: it is difficult to imagine slangism with a strong meliorative connotation, although, probably, a certain degree of “standardization” is still imaginable.
A completely different interpretation is offered in the “Dictionary of Linguistic Terms” by O.S. Akhmanova: Slang - 1. Colloquial version of professional speech.
2. Elements of the colloquial version of a particular professional or social group, which, penetrating into the literary language or in general into the speech of people who are not directly related to this group of people, acquire in these languages a special emotional and expressive coloring (Akhmanova O.S. 1966 419).
As we can see, in the first definition, slang is simply a series of non-term words used in a terminological sense, such as “windshield wiper” or “spare tire” among motorists. Such words are not suitable for official instructions, but are convenient for professional business conversations.
In the second case, this is something completely different: before us are words that have already left the professional sphere and have been published. Probably, “six” could be cited as an example: in the world of thieves, one of the meanings of this word is “a person serving thieves” (Dictionary of prison-camp-thieves’ jargon. In modern colloquial Russian, “six” is a contemptuous designation for any insignificant a person, possibly (but not necessarily) with criminal tendencies. Another quality noted by O. S. Akhmanova is very important: all such words are clearly expressive.
However, pejorativeness is obviously not considered by the researcher to be a distinctive feature of slang.
A slightly different solution is proposed in the 1980 Encyclopedic Dictionary. There are also two definitions here. 1.
Slang here is the speech of a professionally isolated group, as opposed to literary language. 2. This is an option colloquial speech, which does not coincide with the norm of the literary language (Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1980. P. 1234) This definition seems very inadequate. As we see, in (1) it is simply a synonym for professional language (speech), clearly contrasted with literary language. It is not clear how slang in this case differs from terminology, and in what relationship it still has a literary language. In (2) it is a non-literary version of colloquial speech; very "vague definition". The problem of slang (in)decency is completely ignored.
The definition of the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary of 1998 differs from these definitions: Slang - 1. The same as jargon (in domestic literature mainly for English-speaking countries). As you can see, here slang is simply declared to be a synonym for jargon, moreover, predominantly the jargon of English-speaking countries.
2. A set of jargon that makes up a layer of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude towards the subject of speech. Used mainly in casual communication: English. junkie - drug addict, gal - girl.
Unlike some other definitions, the rudeness and familiarity of slangisms is emphasized here. “Humorous attitude” is not considered a mandatory feature of slang. Slang here is part of the slang layer of vocabulary.
The 1985 “Dictionary-Reference Book of Linguistic Terms” simply equates slang, jargon and argot: Slang - words and expressions used by persons of certain professions or social strata. Slang of sailors, artists, cf. argot, jargon.
Such diversity in the definition of slang gave rise to I.R. Halperin generally denies the very fact of the existence of slang.
His argument is based on the study of lexicographical marks: the same word in various dictionaries is given with the marks “slang”, “vernacular” or without any marks, which seems to indicate in favor literary norm. Therefore I.R. Halperin does not allow the existence of slang as a separate independent category, proposing to use the term “slang” as a synonym for the English word “jargon”.
To the various interpretations of slang already given, we can add equally diverse definitions of English philologists. The term “slang,” notes the famous American linguist Charles Freese, has expanded its meaning so much and is used to designate so many different concepts that it is extremely difficult to draw a line of demarcation between what is slang and what is not.
A number of English researchers use the word slang simply as a synonym for jargon or argot. This is the opinion of the famous slang researcher Eric Partridge.
There is an opinion about the identity of the two concepts (slang and jargon), but besides this there is a sharp denial of the presence of such a phenomenon in the Russian spoken language.
It is interesting to use in this aspect the opinion of Academician A.A. Shakhmatov, who suggested pointing to similar phenomenon attention, and not get carried away with propaganda of the denial of slang and instructions on how to speak.
The experience of observing the vocabulary of sociolects allowed us to formulate some criteria for differentiating jargon-argot and slang vocabulary, which are associated with an attempt to contrast argot, jargon and slang and thereby build paradigmatic relationship in the system of sociolects. Wed:
1. Functioning in a wide speech environment - in the media, in fiction, in the speech of representatives of the older generation: argot, slang vocabulary and phraseology - No; slang - Yes.
2. Known to a wide range of native speakers: argotic, slang - No; slang - Yes.
3. Effect of novelty: argot, slang (primarily) - Yes; slang - No.
4. Semantics: semantic specialization - the presence of socially or professionally determined components of meaning (argotic, slang - Yes, slang - No); semantic transformation - the development of polysemy and homonymy, the acquisition of new meanings unknown to the primary environment of existence: argotic, slang - No; slang - Yes.
Of course, the formation of systemic parameters of slang should be continued, because some criteria are not at all indisputable, and the proposed methodology has functional limitations: it can only be used when studying the most stable part of slang - words and expressions of argotic and slang origin, but is not applicable in the study of new ones, highly expressive, habitually unstable units, actually slang in origin and not related to sociolects.
Beregovskaya E.M. identifies more than 10 ways of forming functional units of slang, thereby confirming the thesis about the constant updating of the vocabulary of slang. In addition, it points to the dominance of the representative function of language as a systemic subject over the communicative path comparative analysis word usage in Moscow and the Moscow region, that is, it proves the validity of the statement that the emergence of new vocabulary units occurs precisely in the capitals, and only then they move to the periphery. At the same time, her research notes that this movement takes on average 6 months, but due to scientific and technological progress and the emergence of more modern means of communication, the travel time is significantly reduced.
The author of the slang dictionary, R. Spears, spoke in the most detail about the definition of the term “slang”. He notes that the term "slang" was originally used to refer to British criminal jargon as a synonym for the word “cant”. Over the years, “slang” has expanded its meaning and now includes various types of non-literary vocabulary: jargon, vernacular, dialects and even vulgar words. Concept R.
Spears allows us to derive slang from criminal jargon, but not to liken slang to it, but, on the contrary, to emphasize that this concept includes a whole list of different types of non-literary vocabulary. In this, his position is similar to that of Charles Freese.
Thus, it can be stated that, despite all its popularity, “slang” currently does not have terminological accuracy.
Nevertheless, the above points of view allow us to somehow summarize its most essential properties.
1. Slang is not literary vocabulary, i.e. words and combinations that are outside the boundaries of literary English (Standard English) - from the point of view of the requirements of modern literary norms.
2. Slang is vocabulary that arises and is used primarily in oral speech.
3. Slang is emotionally charged vocabulary.
4. Slang is characterized by a more or less pronounced familiar connotation of the vast majority of words and phrases. This property of slang limits the stylistic boundaries of its use.
5. The familiar emotional connotation of many slang words and expressions has a wide variety of shades (joking, ironic, mocking, dismissive, contemptuous, rude and even vulgar).
6. Depending on the area of use, slang can be divided into well-known and commonly used (General Slang) and little-known and narrowly used (Special Slang).
7. Many words and expressions of slang are incomprehensible or incomprehensible to the bulk of the population (especially during the period of their emergence and transition to a wider sphere of use), because they are primarily associated with a peculiar form of expression - for example, in numerous cases of transfer of meaning (figurative use ), so characteristic of slang. Incomprehensibility may also be the result of the fact that these slangisms are borrowings from dialects and jargons of foreign languages (Sudzilovsky G.A. 1973. P. 9-12).
8. Slang includes various words and phrases with which people can identify themselves with certain social and professional groups.
9. Slang is a bright, expressive layer of non-literary vocabulary, a style of language that occupies a place directly opposite to extremely formalized speech. Slang is a living, moving language that keeps up with the times and responds to any changes in the life of the country and society.
However, if when discussing the definition of “slang” there has not yet been a consensus on what it is, then the term “jargon” has a fairly clear interpretation. Analyzing the definitions of jargon found in Russian linguistics, it can be noted that they are all more or less identical, which eliminates the need to quote them here. Jargon is interpreted as a kind of language, a social dialect, which differs from the national language in its special lexical composition, phraseology, etc. An essential feature of jargon is that it is used by certain social, professional or other groups united by common interests (cf. military or criminal jargon).
Some linguists, for example V.A. Khomyakov, identify such a function of jargon as the “function of secret communication,” especially when it comes to criminal jargon. A.D. adheres to the same point of view. Schweitzer, who believes that jargon is “ciphered speech”, incomprehensible to the uninitiated. This point of view is disputed by L.I. Skvortsov, who notes the successful assimilation of many jargons into common speech and their transition to the expressive base of colloquial speech, which would hardly have been possible if jargon had a secret character.
Slang is also characterized by some social limitations, but not a specific group one, but an integrated one: it does not have a clear social and professional orientation, it can be used by representatives of different social and educational status, different professions etc. Therefore, we can note such a feature of slang as well-known and widely used: cf. “party”, “cart”, “dark”, “get”, “run into”, “bucks” and many others. etc.
Other distinguishing feature slang is its secondary formation compared to jargon, since it draws its material primarily from social-group and social-professional jargons. But in addition to jargon, slang includes certain colloquialisms and vulgar words. However, with such borrowing, a metaphorical rethinking and expansion of the meaning of the borrowed units occurs. Slang words are characterized by overexpression, language game, fashionable neology.
1.3 Studying the slang of the hippie subculture
The language of culture is a set of cultural objects that has internal structure(complex sustainable relationships, invariant under any transformations), explicit (formalized) or implicit rules for the formation, comprehension and use of its elements, and serving for the implementation of communicative and translational processes (production of cultural texts).
The language of culture is formed and exists only in the interaction of people, within a community that has accepted the rules of this language. The totality of the language of a culture is the main means of communication in a culture (subculture), therefore mastering the language of a culture is a key element of socialization and acculturation. Each cultural language, as a rule, corresponds to its own area of reality or human activity, presented in certain senses, as well as the actual sign system - the expressive means of language.
The study of the language of culture is carried out by semiotics (analysis of the symbolic representation of the language of culture), linguistics (analysis of natural languages), cultural semantics (study of the language of culture as a means of expressing meaning).
The set of signs (alphabet, vocabulary) and rules for their combination (grammar, syntax) in a cultural language is always finite, and therefore limited in relation to the diversity of phenomena of reality and meanings. Therefore, fixing meaning in language, its meaning presupposes not only formalization, but also metaphorization, a certain distortion; the signifier gravitates over the signified. This situation is aggravated when “translating” information from one language to another, and the distortion is more significant the more the principles of meaning (reference) differ in these languages. The diversity of expressive means of a cultural language, and therefore the principles of their meaning, raise questions of their “translatability” (the ability to express meaning by means of different languages) and “priority” (the choice of one language or another in a specific communicative situation) are very complex (these problems were considered by Willard Van Orman Quine, an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, as well as in linguistic philosophy).
The language of culture can be differentiated by its relevance to a certain area of reality or human activity (the language of art, the slang of mathematics); by belonging to a certain (ethnic, professional, historical-typological, etc.) subculture, language community (English, hippie language); according to sign representation, its types (verbal, gestural, graphic, iconic, figurative, formalized languages) and types - certain cultural orders (the language of hairstyles, the language of costume); according to the specifics of semantic expressiveness (informationally meaningful, emotionally expressive, expressively significant) and orientation towards a certain way perception (rational cognition, intuitive understanding, associative pairing, aesthetic feeling, traditional attribution); according to the specifics of internal grammatical, syntactic and semantic rules (semantically open and closed languages, languages with complete and incomplete syntax, etc.); by orientation towards certain communicative and broadcast situations (the language of political speeches, the language official documents); from the point of view of priority and popularity at one or another level of culture, in one or another of its specialties. form, in one subculture or another.
Features of the language and symbols of the hippie subculture were studied by the authors S. Larin, A. Lopukhina, A. Mazurova, L. Radzikhovsky, F.I. Rozhansky, N. Khoreva.
One of important features The thing about the slang of domestic hippies is that a significant part of it is saturated with either colloquial words or a special kind of borrowings from the English language - anglicisms. Sometimes hippie anglicisms replace the existing one Russian word, so from the English “flat” - apartment, “bag” - bag, “shoes” - boots, “drink” - booze, and sometimes they mean new concepts, for example “oldness” - a noun from the word “oldovy” - an experienced hippie, “dude” is a reference to a masculine hippie. Words existing in the Russian language and borrowed from English do not always have the same category of gender; for example, the word “apartment” in the Russian literary language is feminine, but in hippie slang “flat” has a masculine ending. Thus, it is necessary to keep in mind that in hippie slang there is universal method designations that they invariably use if they want to translate an ordinary, commonly used word into the rank of slang: the corresponding English word is remade in the Russian way.
Rozhansky F.I. notes that the source of borrowings for hippie slang were also the lexical layers of neighboring social groups: the jargon of musicians, the slang of black marketeers, youth jargon (for example, the jargon of dudes), and to a small extent the jargon of criminals. Drug slang partially overlapped with hippie slang, thereby leaving in it a number of words (according to rough estimates, several hundred words), without which the hippie language is no longer conceivable. Borrowing data is also characteristic feature hippie language.
None humorous story Hippies cannot do without slang, but where we are talking about tragedy or romance, slang is sometimes avoided for the purity of the impression. The absence of slang words is an undoubted indicator of the speaker’s serious attitude to what he is telling, which is certainly worth paying attention to when contacting hippies.
Thus, we can say that when considering the language of the hippie subculture, it is necessary to know a number of features that distinguish the language of this subculture, as well as to understand that through its slang, hip culture in the process of linguistic communication sets its own rules of communication (evaluations and positions), thereby supporting community structure and type of interpersonal connections.
Any slang in terms of the number of lexical units is disproportionately poorer than the commonly used literary language. The question arises on what basis is the selection of concepts that receive new names in slang? Obviously, slang must include at least two unique (often intersecting) layers: firstly, words denoting concepts and realities specific to a given group of people, for “our own”, and, secondly, words denoting concepts and realities that need to be hide from “strangers”.
Naturally, slang is not limited to these two layers of vocabulary. As a rule, either the most common or the most common ones are “translated” from a literary language into slang. meaningful words. In this sense, slang can also be considered as a copy of the lifestyle of the speech group that created it and uses it. The range of topics covered by slang makes it possible to identify the main types of activities and pastimes; by the presence of a word in slang, one can judge the relative importance of the concept behind this word.
Most of all, hippie slang contains words that characterize appearance (hair - khair; ksivnik - a neck pouch for carrying a passport; fenki - beaded jewelry). describing pastimes and meeting places (Pushka - Pushkinskaya Square; Noga - Nogin Square; iron. Yashka - Sverdlov Square, Fizkulturnaya - Sportivnaya metro station), music (slang common for both performers and fans of rock music. abundance of Anglicisms, argot of musicians ) and the area of drug use (the smallest number of anglicisms, since the topic requires encryption).
It is important that a significant part of the slang vocabulary of domestic hippies is a special kind of borrowing. These are Anglicisms, which, however, differ in many ways from traditional borrowings. Hippie anglicisms are clear duplicates of those already existing in the Russian language neutral words. These are words like “shuey” (shoes), “flat” (apartment) and the like. Thus, in hippie slang there is a universal way of designation, which they invariably use if they want to translate an ordinary, commonly used word into the rank of slang: the corresponding English word is remade in the Russian manner of “trauser” - trousers, “gerla” - girl, woman, etc. d.
Hippies created their language by looking at the world around them and all the people - from schoolchildren to prisoners. They took words from English: “session” (session - meeting) - musical concert, party; “gerla” (girl - girl) - girl. From the jargon of musicians came “drive” - the ability of music to have an exciting effect; “labat” - play music; "labukh" - musician.
From the criminal world they took “ktiva” - documents, the origin of this word, by the way, goes back to Hebrew (ktiva - writing, writing); from the original Russian words - the adjective of the Vladimir adverb “stupid”, initially with the meaning of nimble, lively; “bodyazhit” - from the Russian “bodyaga” - to cook, mix.
Undoubtedly, these words are familiar to young people, although many expressions of hippie slang are outdated: mustache (from the English moustache) - mustache or “record” - gramophone record, and the system itself.
In any slang there is a high percentage of words with an uncertain meaning. In dictionaries, such words are interpreted as “an exclamation expressing surprise, admiration, fear, etc.” In practice, such words can mean anything, like the famous “ho-ho” character famous film"Ellochki cannibals." For example, in “system slang” the word “nishtyak” is very often used. Its etymology is not entirely clear - it can be assumed that it comes from nothing in the sense of “not bad, tolerable” or in the sense of “it doesn’t matter.” “Nishtyak” is used in a wide range of situations: both in the two above-mentioned meanings, as well as as a signal of the highest praise (It sounds good!) and as a word denoting a wide variety of moods (from “normal, average” to “great”) - depending from accompanying intonation, facial expressions and gestures. One of the contextual meanings can be demonstrated by lines from a song by a “system” musician nicknamed Papa Lesha: “My friend just doesn’t like tension. And he believes in the Great Nishtyak.” Here “nishtyak” already denotes some kind of ideological category, forcing us to recall Humboldt’s statement that language is a kind of worldview. And in order, at least as a first approximation, to understand how hippies see the world and their place in it, let’s turn to coherent texts in slang: poems, songs, socio-political declarations (for example, the manifesto “From the System to God,” popular among hippies) or just anecdotes, stories. passed from mouth to mouth and called a cart in slang.
In the comments to his dictionary, F.I. Rozhansky. notes several interesting facts about word formation in hippie slang, and the commentary also includes a number of words that, in the author’s opinion, are not included in slang, but were considered by other authors as “hippie.”
1. One of the most interesting and mysterious phenomena in hippie slang is the active formation of nouns ending in -lovo, for example: stremopovo, gasilovo, vintilovo, etc. It seems strange that if slang as a whole is characterized by the preservation of word-formation models of the Russian language, then in this case it is not possible to find a corresponding word-formation model in the Russian language.
...Similar documents
Etymology of the concept "slang". Features of word formation and functioning of slang units. Characteristic features of youth slang in French. Word formation using word abbreviation and polysemy. Neologisms and borrowings in the slang language.
course work, added 06/20/2017
Theoretical foundations of the concept of "slang" and its use among young people. Research of American student and school slang based on American slang dictionaries. Analysis of expressions associated with everyday communication and personality assessments.
thesis, added 07/25/2017
Definition of slang as a special type of vocabulary. General characteristics, thematic groups, principles of functioning and lexical-semantic classification of youth slang. Analysis of the main ways and means of formation of Russian youth slang.
thesis, added 11/17/2010
Slang as an object of linguistic research. Units of slang and ways of their occurrence in the English language. Research and characteristics of rhyming, mobile, student, everyday slang. Interaction of jargon and social networks.
course work, added 06/13/2014
Classification of computer slang and its correlation with the general system of vocabulary in the English language. Mechanisms of the processes of emergence of new words and meanings. Identifying sources of computer slang. The concept of a hard drive and its origin.
course work, added 04/19/2011
The history of the appearance and existence of slang. The main reasons for the rapid formation of computer slang. Classification of computer slang by method of formation. Basic frequently used words. The principle of phonetic mimicry. Emoticons as part of slang.
presentation, added 01/20/2014
Definition of the essence of the concept "general slang". Criteria for identifying units of general slang according to the scope of its use. Replenishment of the vocabulary of general slang. Formation of units of general slang. The role of sources of replenishment of general slang in the Russian language.
course work, added 01/12/2016
Distinguishing slang from related concepts: jargon, argot, dialectisms, vulgarisms. Reasons for using slang. Functional types of slangisms. Stylistic functions of slang. Semantic fields and the functional orientation of youth slang.
thesis, added 04/07/2018
thesis, added 03/17/2013
Formal and informal speech in literary English. The concept of slang, features of the English language of web communications and the problem of its translation into Russian. Concept, types and classifications of translation, features of translation of slang on the Internet.
As an example of the slang vocabulary of the hippie subculture, the dictionary “Hippie Slang” edited by F.I. Rozhansky was chosen.
The preface to the dictionary describes in sufficient detail the problems and methods of choosing words when compiling dictionaries of subcultures. The principle of word selection stands out as the main problem. The most scientifically correct solution to this problem would be to identify a certain number of formal criteria that would make it possible to unambiguously determine whether a word should be included in the dictionary. However, due to the fact that the material under study belongs to the most mobile (and thus unstable and uncanonized) lexical layers of the Russian language, the introduction of formal criteria would rather lead not so much to scientific correctness as to the inconsistency of the selected material with linguistic intuition. (Here it should be noted that as long as a given language exists as a living language, and moreover, practically without written texts, its complete dictionary cannot exist as such.) In this connection, the use of formal criteria seems incorrect, but a number of criteria In carrying out the work on compiling the dictionary, it was still used.
The author proposed to break the problem of inclusion/non-inclusion of a word into the dictionary into two subproblems:
- 1. determining whether the word is used by slang speakers;
- 2. identification of the word as specific to slang.
A word was considered to be used by slang speakers if at least several interviewed informants who identified themselves as hippies knew and used this word (it was assumed that the interviewed informants did not belong to the same company and, thus, the word in question was not an occasionalism ). Thus, the dictionary does not contain occasional words, as well as words that were not confirmed by a sufficient number of interviewed informants.
To determine the specificity of a word, a more complex system of criteria is used. They are listed below in descending order of importance.
- 1. The reality denoted by the word is characteristic only of hippies.
- 2. The word is recognized by hippie slang speakers as “their own,” that is, specific to hippies.
- 3. The word is unknown to the “control” informants, who are representatives of different social strata, but do not consider themselves hippies.
- 4. The word has a significantly higher frequency of use among hippies compared to other social groups of people.
- 5. The word was used to form new derivative words, the specificity of which is beyond doubt.
- 6. The word acquired a special semantic or communicative connotation among hippies.
For a word to be included in the dictionary, it seemed sufficient that it be specific to hippies at least during some period.
The author also notes that in the process of selecting words, a number of “borderline” cases arose that left no confidence in the correctness of their classification/non-categorization as hippie slang. In cases where a word was included in the dictionary, but there were doubts that it belonged to hippie slang and not to another lexical layer, they were provided with the appropriate mark (see below).
The main objective of the published dictionary is to record hippie slang words and their meanings. The dictionary also marks words that lie on the border between hippie slang and other broad lexical layers. Along the way, some of the most transparent etymologies are given, and in some cases the period to which the first recorded appearance of the word among hippies dates back to; however, these data undoubtedly require more careful verification.
The dictionary is organized according to the nesting principle, which seemed quite natural in this case, since most of the words included in slang were, to one degree or another, subjected to various word-forming influences. The name of the nest is the most commonly used (if possible, unprefixed) word, which is highlighted in bold. In most cases, when forming nests, the word-formation principle was used, although in some cases semantic criteria were added (compare, for example, the nests “SCREW” and “SCREW”).
Inside the nest, the head words are arranged according to the following principle: the word chosen by the nest comes first, then the unprefixed words in alphabetical order, and after that all other words (also in alphabetical order).
Stable combinations of nouns with prepositions, which according to grammatical characteristics can be considered as separate words (“in high”, “in size”, etc.), are given in separate writing immediately after the corresponding noun as equivalent head words.
The fixed expressions and phrases given in the dictionary are written in capital letters (like heading words), but are highlighted in italics.
All examples given are in lowercase italics.
All phonetic variants of a word are given in a row, separated by commas. Phonetic variants mean words that differ in pronunciation (so much so that this is reflected in their graphic notation), but have the same morphological structure and meaning of grammatical categories, and also, naturally, the same meaning. For example:
BATTLE (pl. BATTLES), BOTL (pl. BOTTLES).
KREZA, KREIZA (Sg.t.)
If a word within the same nest has a synonym (that is, a word that has the same meaning, but is morphologically different), then it is given as independent word, but instead of the meaning a reference to a synonymous word can be given:
KAIFOLOMSHCHIK = KAIFOLOM.
PUTTY = PUTTY.
If there are several synonyms within one nest, then the meaning is given for only one of them, and all the others are given separated by a semicolon with a common reference:
FLIP; TUMPLATE = THROW.
turn around; TO TURN AWAY = TO TURN AWAY.
The meaning is usually given for the most frequent and used synonym.
Referencing through “=” can also be made to one of the meanings of a word (the value number is indicated in square brackets) or from one meaning of a word to another word:
BREAK UP = BREAK UP (1).
KRESOVNIK; CRUSHER; KREZUHA = KREZUHA (1).
If the reference is made to a verb given in brackets as an aspect pair of the main word (at the beginning of the line), then when referring it is also indicated (in square brackets after the verb having the same aspect as the one being interpreted)
TO BOLD = TO BOLD (TO BOLD).
GET; PEEK; BURN = LUCK (LUCK).
SCREW; SCREW = SCREW (SCREW).
Procedure for submitting lexicographic information
Etymological marks are given in parentheses after the headword in the nest. In cases where the origin of the word is not clear, they are absent. In other cases, either the specific word to which the etymology goes back is indicated (for foreign words and those words in the Russian language that have undergone significant changes), or the lexical layer from which the word was borrowed is indicated. For example:
ASK (from English to ask, ask);
COMPANY (from Farz.)
Grammatical marks are given in square brackets for each word or individual meaning. For nouns, this is usually the presence/absence of a plural. In many cases, its form is given directly. If the formation of the plural form does not cause fundamental difficulties, then the form may not be given. For example:
ZIPER (pl. ZIPER).
GLUKALOVO (Sg.t.)
For verbs, their species pair is indicated, but only on the condition that non-specific differences in its meaning can be considered insignificant (in other cases, verbs are given as separate words without indicating the species). Also, for verbs, their control can be indicated if it is not obvious. For example:
DISCHARGE (nesov. DISCHARGE).
THROW (nons. THROW) (someone at something).
Lexical entries are given in parentheses for each word or individual meaning. This is, first of all, the identification of a word as borderline with some other lexical layer. For example:
STARTED (music) ;
KUMARIT (narcotic)
The time of the first fixation of the word can also be given here. This means that the word already existed in slang at the specified moment (from which, however, it does not follow that the word could not have appeared in slang a little earlier). In cases where, for one reason or another, information seemed contradictory, it was not provided. From this point of view, the existence of hippies was divided into four conventional periods: the early 70s corresponds to the period before 1975; the end of the 70s - the period from 1975 to 1979; the beginning of the 80s - the period 1980-1984, and the end of the 80s refers to a later time. For example:
LAV (beginning 70)
In cases where a word has fallen out of use at a given moment, it is identified as obsolete:
LITTLE (early 70: obsolete)
The dictionary uses only two marks that characterize the specific meaning and use of words (given in parentheses for the word or meaning). This is, firstly, a mark that identifies the word as disparaging, and secondly, a mark that characterizes the word as expressive, i.e. capable of being used in nominative sentences to express strong emotions. For example:
KLUHA (disdainful)
UMAT(exp.)
When writing words, the main principle was that the spelling corresponded to the pronunciation of the word (according to the rules of reading the Russian language). In cases where the pronunciation corresponded to different spellings, the more traditional or more consistent with the spelling rules was chosen.