There is a unique state. Everyone who hears about it has associations with the bright sun, spices and delicious fruits. And it is called Uzbekistan. Namangan is a city that is one of the largest in the republic in terms of population. It is second only to Samarkand and Tashkent. According to data for 2015, about 500 thousand people lived in it. The distance to the capital is approximately 300 km. Located at an altitude of 476 meters above sea level.
More than 2.5 million people live in the region, which is part of modern Uzbekistan. The city of Namangan is its administrative center. In the north, this territory borders with Kyrgyzstan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, the remaining borders are internal (Fergana, Tashkent, Andijan regions).
According to historical data, the city of Namangan got its name from a Persian word. In the past, salt was mined and traded here. Archaeologists have found traces of an ancient settlement of people who migrated here from another city destroyed by an earthquake, as evidenced by historical sources.
Climate Features
Uzbekistan greets guests with hot weather. Namangan is located in the north of the Fergana Valley, and the entire region covers an area of more than 100 thousand km 2. The climate here is sharply continental. In winter, snow falls, but it does not last long. Summer is hot, with virtually no precipitation. During this season, the air temperature is +25… +28 ºС, but sometimes it can significantly exceed these figures. The highest ones were recorded at +40 ºС. The winter period is characterized by unstable weather, but the temperature rarely drops below -10 ºС, and thaws often occur. The coldest month is January, the hottest is July. Warming is already coming in March. It is at this time that all fruit trees bloom. It’s not for nothing that Uzbekistan is famous for its fruits.
Namangan: historical information
The first mention of the city dates back to the 15th century. The years 1819-1821 became important. At this time, the Yangiaryk canal was dug, which influenced the development of Namangan. The accession to the Russian Empire played an important role. Thanks to this, in addition to crafts, agriculture began to develop in the city. Cotton production became the most significant. Many factories were built that were important for economic growth.
It was during Soviet times that Uzbekistan began to develop rapidly. Namangan is a city in which special attention was paid to education and the cultural sphere. Mass construction of schools and preschool institutions began. Equipped playgrounds have appeared. And for those who graduated from school, technical schools in medicine and pedagogy were opened. The drama theatre, cinemas, zoological museums, clubs and libraries contributed to the cultural leisure of the population.
During the Great Patriotic War, many scientific and cultural enterprises were moved to Namangan. These were, for example, theaters, design and research institutes, including a military pilot school.
Population
According to official statistics, the city of Namangan (Uzbekistan) is inhabited by about 500 thousand people. Previously, this city was international. Before the collapse of the USSR, the number of Russians was 30-40%; representatives of other nationalities also lived here. And currently, more than 95% of the population is ethnic. The official language is Uzbek, but almost all residents speak Russian well.
Throughout almost the entire period of its existence, the city's residents were engaged in crafts. These were mainly pottery, jewelry, shoe making, and weaving. Thanks to these activities, the fame of Namangan spread throughout the world.
Namangan today
Today, the city of Namangan is developing rapidly. There are many schools, kindergartens, and medical institutions with modern equipment. Sports facilities are being built and historical landmarks are being restored. They try to raise children in the spirit of patriotism and promote a healthy lifestyle. actively participates in the development of city development projects.
Particular attention is paid to sports, for example, basketball, tennis, swimming, and athletics. And this is not the entire list. The city of Namangan (Uzbekistan) became famous thanks to the famous football club “Navbahor”. Republican competitions and championships and sports competitions are held here. In order to create the necessary conditions, the local administration equipped a tennis court and several sports complexes.
Transport
There is an airport in the city. The main routes are to Tashkent (the capital of the republic) and to some Russian cities. From the center of Namangan you can get to the airport by taxi, since it is located 12 kilometers away.
In addition to air transport, this city also has railway transport. It appeared more than a century ago. The extended railway line began to be called Fergana. Now these routes carry goods and passengers. Several years ago, trolleybuses stopped operating in Namangan. Now only minibuses and buses remain.
Let's sum it up
Deposits of various minerals have been found in these territories, among which are lead, oil, gold, copper, and gas. These are the riches that lie in the depths of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Namangan, a photo of which can be seen in the article, is a promising city. All scientists predict a successful economic future for him.
Namangan(Uzb. Namangan) is a city in Uzbekistan, the administrative center of the Namangan region. Population - 341 thousand inhabitants (2007). The second most populous city in Uzbekistan.
Geography
Namangan is located in the northern part of the Fergana Valley, 200 km southeast of Tashkent (about 300 km by road). Height 476 m above sea level.
The territory of the city of Namangan and the former Davlatabad district now constitute a single administrative-territorial entity.
Population
Namangan is the second most populous city in Uzbekistan after Tashkent. In the ethnic composition of the city's population, Tajiks make up the majority of 52%. Also living are Uzbeks 35%, Kyrgyz 10%, arriving mainly from rural areas of the Namangan region. The percentage of Namangan's Russian-speaking population decreased sharply after the collapse of the USSR. The majority of the city's Russian-speaking population has left for other countries. However, a small percentage of Russian speakers still live in Namangan.
Story
In ancient times
The word Namangan comes from the Persian Namak kan (نمککان) - salt mine. Archaeological excavations have shown the presence of a settlement on the territory of the modern city (in the area of the stone bridge over Namangansai) in the first centuries AD. The first mentions of Namangan date back to the end of the 15th century, the city dates back to 1610. In 1620, residents of Akhsikent, destroyed by an earthquake, moved to Namangan.
The digging of the Yangiaryk canal in 1819-1821 played a huge role in the development of Namangan. Russian traveler and geographer A.F. Middendorf, who visited Namangan in 1878, wrote:
How one of the latest creations came to fruition - Yangiaryk in Namangan district One worker was required from each household; Armed with his ketmen, he had to work on his grub for 15 days to construct a water canal. After 3 years, a small flow of water was achieved, and then, over the next 10 years, the canal was expanded and deepened.
Namangan was known as a craft center where potters, weavers, coppersmiths, blacksmiths, dyers, jewelers, fabric printers, and shoemakers lived. Gardening, sericulture, and trade with China, Bukhara and neighboring nomadic tribes were developed. Being part of the Kokand Khanate, Namangan experienced endless civil strife, devastating wars and raids that undermined the city's economy. In 1843, the son of the Kokand ruler Sheralikhan Khudoyarkhan was a bek in Namangan. In 1845, Musulmankul took 16-year-old Khudoyar from Namangan to Kokand and proclaimed him khan.
As part of the Russian Empire
Endless intrigues, coups and unrest that followed led to Namangan, in 1873-76, joining the uprising against Khudoyarkhan. Tsar Alexander II, supporting Khudoyarkhan, sent troops to suppress the uprising. On September 26, 1875, General Skobelev, having crossed the Syr Darya, occupied the city. However, a month later, in October, the rebels captured Namangan and the Russian garrison, fortified in the citadel, with difficulty repelled the rebel attacks. Then Skobelev, having brought up additional forces, subjected Namangan to artillery bombardment, and having knocked out the rebels from the city, he finally annexed it to the Russian Empire. After the inclusion of the territory of the Kokand Khanate into the empire, the city became the center of the Namangan district of the Fergana region.
With the accession to Russia, industrial, commercial and banking capital began to penetrate into Central Asia at a rapid pace. According to statistics, in 1892, 28 different enterprises operated in the Namangan district, employing 704 workers. The cotton processing industry developed rapidly. The largest scale of production was distinguished by 20 cotton gin plants, which produced 81.5 percent of all gross industrial output. Due to the development of the cotton processing industry, the demand for raw cotton has increased enormously. In 1892, the gross cotton harvest in the county was 22.6 thousand tons from 21.5 thousand hectares, the yield was 10.5 centners. There were 10 cotton gin plants in Namangan, of which 4 were steam, the rest were water; two lard factories, 8 soap factories, 10 tanneries, one vodka factory; 15 flour mills, 65 oil mills, 3 crushers, 9 pottery, 2 brick and 4 iron smelting workshops.
The development of industry was also reflected in the growth of the population of Namangan. If, according to the 1897 census, 62,017 people lived in it, then in 1910 there were already 75,580 people. Namangan ranked first in the Fergana Valley in terms of the number of schools and maktabs. The city successfully operated 1 parish school, 1 Russian-native primary school with evening courses for adults and 68 Muslim maktabs. There was a hospital with 20 beds.
In 1912, Namangan was connected by railway to Kokand. Namangan has turned into one of the industrial centers and the second city after Tashkent in the Turkestan General Government in terms of population. During this period, many buildings and structures were built, among them the Khojamna-Kabra mausoleum and the Mulla-Kirgiz madrasah.
On October 22, 1908, along with other coats of arms of the Fergana region, the coat of arms of the city of Namangan was approved. His description was like this:
In the scarlet shield there are three silver silkworms curled into a ring. In the free part the coat of arms of the Fergana region
Under Soviet rule
On May 10, 1917, a meeting of workers took place in the city, and in June 1917, the Muslim Council of Workers' Deputies was created in the city. Since the end of 1917, armed clashes between the Bolsheviks and counter-revolutionary forces periodically took place in the city. In April 1920, the commander of the Turkestan Front and member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for Turkestan Affairs M.V. visited Namangan and stayed for several days. Frunze. Together with him, Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on Turkestan Affairs Eliava and Chairman of the Margilan Union “Koshchi” Yuldash Akhunbabaev arrived in Namangan. Around mid-1923, the Red Army managed to suppress the Basmach movement in the district. As a result of the national-state delimitation of 1924, 10 volosts (Chatkal, Alabuka, Aim, etc.) were separated from the territory of the Namangan district, which became part of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic.
In 1926, the city experienced a strong earthquake.
Collectivization, which began in 1927, was accompanied by mass discontent among the population and armed uprisings that continued until the end of the second Five-Year Plan (1937).
In 1930, in Namangan there were 17 first-level schools and two advanced schools: one seven-year and one nine-year, and 307 literacy schools operated. There were 2 kindergartens, 2 orphanages and 6 playgrounds. A pedagogical college and a medical workers' school operated in the city. There were 7 clubs, 31 red corners, 2 libraries, 3 cinemas and 1 museum-zoo. 18 treatment and preventive institutions were opened. On June 15, 1932, on the initiative of Hamza Hakim-zade Niyazi, the regional music and drama theater named after Alisher Navoi was opened in Namangan, which is still functioning today. On March 10, 1941, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the formation of the Namangan region was adopted, and Namangan became its administrative center.
During the Great Patriotic War, a Russian drama theater evacuated from Voroshilovgrad operated in the city, which returned back to Voroshilovgrad in 1943. In 1941-1943, the all-Union design institute GIPROIV and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Artificial Fiber (VNIIV) were evacuated in Namangan. Also, from September 1942 to the spring of 1945, in Namangan, as well as Fergana, Andijan and Uchkurgan, the Armavir Military Aviation School of Pilots (AVASHP), the current Armavir Flight School (AVVAKUL), was temporarily based. During the war, the Namangan chemical plant produced parachute lines. About 24 thousand Namangan people died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.
From December 3 to December 5, 1990, ethnic riots occurred in the city. On December 2, local hooligans started a quarrel and fight with the military on the bus. 5 soldiers of the Soviet Army died when hooligans burned them on the same bus where the fight took place. Three civilians were also killed. Order was restored only by December 5th.
In 1990, the first in the USSR, the official training center of oriental medicine for training specialists in non-contact massage, using the method of Juna Davitashvili (Psychics) was opened in Namangan with the issuance of an official document at the ONIL DD IOF AS USSR. (Industrial scientific research laboratory remote diagnostics of the Institute of General Physics of the Academy of Sciences USSR) Organizer and leader - Madaminov Takhir Kasymovich.
Independent Uzbekistan
After Uzbekistan gained independence, Namangan remained the regional center of the Namangan region. In the first half of the 90s of the twentieth century, non-governmental Islamic organizations functioned in the city (Tovba, Islam Lashkarlari). These organizations aimed to build an Islamic caliphate in the Fergana Valley. This led to a tense social situation in the city. However, by the mid-90s, the authorities managed to restore order in the city. Prominent activists of the Islamic movement were forced to flee the country and the influence of the Islamists began to wane.
Transport
Namangan Airport is located 12 km from the city center.
The Namangan railway station is operational.
Trolleybuses have been running in Namangan since 1973. The irregular operation of public transport (buses and trolleybuses) has led to the fact that the bulk of passenger transportation is carried out by private minibuses, consisting mainly of Damas minibuses, the South Korean company Daewoo, and Uzbek assembly. They carry out transportation not only in the region, but throughout the Fergana Valley.
Football in Namangan
Football is one of the most popular sports in Namangan. In the championship of Uzbekistan, Namangan is represented by the Navbakhor club. The club was founded in 1974 and was first called Tekstilshchik. However, failures forced the then leadership of the region to change the sign and the club was renamed in 1983 to Avtomobilist, and in 1988 to Navbahor. In Soviet times, the club played in the second league of the USSR championship and did not have any special achievements. At the end of the 1990 season, Navbakhor managed to get out of the second league and the last union championship in 1991, Navbakhor spent in the first league, where it took ninth place. After the declaration of independence of Uzbekistan, the club firmly established itself in the top league of the Uzbekistan championship. In 1996, Navbakhor became the champion of Uzbekistan, in the seasons 1993-94-95, 1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004, winner of bronze medals, and in the seasons of 1992 and 1995, winner of the Uzbekistan Cup. In 1998, having defeated Fergana Neftchi in the final of the Uzbekistan Cup, Navbakhor won the Cup for the third time and left him at the club forever. In 1999, Navbakhor became the first winner of the Uzbekistan Super Cup. Many Navbakhor players played for the Uzbekistan national team. In 2006, Navbakhor was renamed Navbakhor-N. Navbakhor has its own stadium, with the same name, located in the 1st microdistrict of Davlatabad.
Islam in Namangan
Namangan, a city with strong Muslim traditions. Even during the years of Soviet power, the population of the city secretly held religious services and in everyday life were guided by Muslim traditions and customs. Non-governmental Islamic organizations in Namangan appeared in the first years of perestroika. Gradually the city became one of the major Islamic centers in Central Asia. Tohir Yuldash and Juma Namangani, prominent leaders of the radical Islamic opposition in Central Asia, are natives of Namangan. After the declaration of independence of Uzbekistan, Namangan became a stronghold of Wahhabism in Central Asia. The Namangan Mullo-Kirgiz (Otaullokhon) madrasah, built in 1910, became the center of the Wahhabists. Radical literature was published and distributed, ideological work was carried out, and foreign preachers visited the city more than once. After the terrorist attacks of February 16, 1999, Islamic radicals were subjected to repression and persecution. Today, the situation is under full control of the authorities.
Attractions
- Mausoleum of Khojamna-Kabra, erected in the 18th century under the leadership of the famous master Muhammad Ibrahim son of Abdurakhim. The mausoleum was built at a time when Namangan was turning into one of the major cities of the Fergana Valley. Fancy terracotta embossed with multi-color glazed cladding decorates the mausoleum building.
- Mullah-Kirgiz madrasah (1910), Atavalikhona mosque, Attavalik-Khontur mosque and Mullah Bozor Okhund mosque.
- House of Sultan Akhmedov (XIX century).
- Founded in 1884, Namangan Park was initially the garden of the district chief. It became available to city residents only after the October Revolution of 1917. Since 1938, the park bore the name of A.S. Pushkin, and after the republic acquired independence in 1991, the park bore the name of Babur. The park is located in the city center, 12 city streets lead to it and its territory is about 14 hectares.
- The Namangan National Historical Museum operates in the city.
50-59 (new model from 10/01/2008)
Geography
Namangan is located in the northern part of the Fergana Valley, 200 km southeast of Tashkent (about 300 km by road). Height 476 m above sea level.
The Davlatabad district of Namangan was abolished in 2003 and is directly subordinated to the city khokimiyat (administration). .
The territory of the city until 2016 was 101.5 km²; in 2016, parts of the territory of Namangan, Uycha and Yangikurgan districts were annexed to the city, as a result of which the area of the city increased to 145 km².
Population
Representatives of 20 nationalities live in the city, the vast majority are Uzbeks. As of 2011, their share was 95.9% of the city's population. The share of the Russian-speaking population of Namangan decreased sharply after the collapse of the USSR, the majority of whom left for other countries, primarily Russia.
The increased population growth in 2016 is explained by the annexation of part of the territories of Namangan, Uychinsky and Yangikurgan districts to the city of Namangan this year.
According to the general census of the Russian Empire conducted on January 28 (February 9), 1897. by directly surveying the entire population on the same date, in accordance with the “Regulations on the First General Census of the Russian Empire” approved in 1895, Namangan was a large city in Central Asia. Population and ethnic composition of the Fergana region by city in 1897:
| Total | sarts | Uzbeks | Tajiks | Persians | Russians | Ukrainians | Kyrgyz | Kashgarians | Turkic adverbs not distributed |
Poles | Germans | gypsies | Jews | Tatars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62 017 | 52 890 | 6 | 691 | 52 | 822 | 204 | 48 | 10 | 6 670 | 192 | 46 | 2 | 110 | 194 |
Story
Foundation of the city
It is believed that the name “Namangan” comes from the Persian “Namak kan” (نمککان) - “salt mine”. Archaeological excavations have shown the presence of a settlement on the territory of the modern city (in the area of the stone bridge over Namangansai) in the first centuries AD. According to legend, on the territory of the settlement there was a lake where table salt was mined. The first mentions of the actual settlement of Namangan date back to the end of the 15th century, and since 1610 Namangan became a city. In 1620, residents of Akhsikent, destroyed by an earthquake, moved to Namangan.
The digging of the Yangiaryk canal in 1819-1821 played a huge role in the development of Namangan. Russian traveler and geographer A.F. Middendorf, who visited Namangan in 1878, wrote:
How was one of the latest creations - Yangiaryk in Namangan district - realized? One worker was required from each yard; armed with his ketmen, he had to work on his grub for 15 days to construct a water canal. After 3 years, a small flow of water was achieved, and then, over the next 10 years, the canal was expanded and deepened
A.F. Middendorf. Sketches of the Fergana Valley, St. Petersburg, 1882.
Namangan was known as a craft center where potters, weavers, coppersmiths, blacksmiths, dyers, jewelers, fabric printers, and shoemakers lived. Horticulture and sericulture were developed, and trade with China, Bukhara and neighboring nomadic tribes flourished. Being part of the Khanate of Kokand, Namangan experienced endless civil strife, devastating wars and raids that undermined the city's economy. In 1843, the son of the Kokand ruler Sheralikhan Khudoyarkhan was bek in Namangan. In 1845, Musulmankul took 16-year-old Khudoyar from Namangan to Kokand and proclaimed him khan.
As part of the Russian Empire
Endless intrigues, coups and subsequent unrest led to Namangan joining the uprising against Khudoyarkhan in 1873-76. Tsar Alexander II, supporting Khudoyarkhan, sent troops to suppress the uprising. On September 26, 1875, General Skobelev, having crossed the Syr Darya, occupied the city. However, a month later, in October, the rebels captured Namangan and the Russian garrison, fortified in the citadel, with difficulty repelled the rebel attacks. Then Skobelev, having brought up additional forces, subjected Namangan to artillery bombardment, and having knocked out the rebels from the city, he finally annexed it to the Russian Empire. After the inclusion of the territory of the Kokand Khanate into the empire, the city became the center of the Namangan district of the Fergana region.
With the accession to Russia, industrial, commercial and banking capital began to penetrate into Central Asia at a rapid pace. According to statistics, in 1892, 28 different enterprises operated in the Namangan district, employing 704 workers. The cotton processing industry developed rapidly. The largest scale of production was distinguished by 20 cotton gin plants, which produced 81.5% of all gross industrial output.
Due to the development of the cotton processing industry, the demand for raw cotton has increased enormously. In 1892, the gross cotton harvest in the county was 22.6 thousand tons from 21.5 thousand hectares, the yield was 10.5 centners. There were 10 cotton gin plants in Namangan, of which 4 were steam, the rest were water; two lard factories, 8 soap factories, 10 tanneries, one vodka factory; 15 flour mills, 65 oil mills, 3 crushers, 9 pottery, 2 brick and 4 iron smelting workshops.
The development of industry was also reflected in the growth of the population of Namangan. If, according to the 1897 census, 62,017 people lived in it, then in 1910 there were already 75,580 people. Namangan ranked first in the Fergana Valley in terms of the number of schools and maktabs. The city successfully operated 1 parish school, 1 Russian-native primary school with evening courses for adults and 68 Muslim maktabs. There was a hospital with 20 beds.
In 1912, Namangan was connected by railway with Kokand. Namangan has turned into one of the industrial centers and the second city after Tashkent in the Turkestan General Government in terms of population. At this time, many buildings and structures were built, among them the Khojamna-Kabra mausoleum and the Mulla-Kirgiz madrasah.
On October 22, 1908, along with other coats of arms of the Fergana region, the coat of arms of the city of Namangan was approved. His description was like this:
In the scarlet shield there are three silver silkworms curled into a ring. In the free part is the coat of arms of the Fergana region.
Since the end of 1917, armed clashes between the Bolsheviks and counter-revolutionary forces periodically took place in the city. In April 1920, the commander of the Turkestan Front and member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for Turkestan Affairs M.V. Frunze visited Namangan and stayed for several days. Together with him, the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on Turkestan Affairs Sh.Z. Eliava and the Chairman of the Margilan Union “Koshchi” Yuldash Akhunbabaev arrived in Namangan. Around mid-1923, the Red Army managed to suppress the Basmach movement in the district.
Independent Uzbekistan
After Uzbekistan gained independence, Namangan remained the regional center of the Namangan region. In the first half of the 1990s, non-governmental pseudo-Islamic organizations functioned in the city (Tovba, Islam Lashkarlari). These organizations aimed to build the so-called “caliphate” in the Fergana Valley. This led to a tense social situation in the city. However, by the mid-1990s, the authorities managed to restore order in the city. Prominent activists of the pseudo-Islamic movement were forced to flee the country and the influence of gangs began to decline.
Transport
In the 1989/1990 season, playing in the “East” zone of the Second League of the USSR Championship, “Navbahor” scored 58 points and took second place, behind the Fergana “Neftyanik”. This allowed the club to rise from the second league and the 1990/1991 season, “Navbahor” spent in the first league of the USSR championship.
The so-called Islam Lashkarlari group was divided into two wings:
A) "Adolat" or "Party Congress-9". Members of the group, having arrogated to themselves the functions of law enforcement agencies, were arbitrarily engaged in maintaining public order. At the same time, Sharia laws were proclaimed as legal norms. Members of the group repeatedly committed acts of lynching and murder of police officers. This wing of Islom Lashkarlari was defeated in March-April 1992.
b) "Wahhabis". The main attention was paid to the discussion of religious issues. The head is Tohir Yuldash. Members of the organization were divided into groups of 20-50 people. The number of groups reached 60. The group maintained connections with Hizb ut-Tahrir.
Also, in 1992-1995, the Tovba (Tauba) group operated in the city and region, under the leadership of Juma Namangani. The number of members reached 300 people. The organization, adhering to religious views, condemned the deaths of conscripts and hazing in the army.
The activities of the Wahhabis reached their greatest extent in 1992-93. Taking advantage of the weakness of the new authorities, they widely demonstrated their strength by engaging in lynching, allegedly justifying their actions by Sharia law. But in 1993, the authorities began the first stage of the fight against gangs. As a result, a number of criminal organizations were defeated, and their leader Tohir Yuldash, along with his associates, fled to Afghanistan.
After the terrorist attacks in Tashkent on February 16, 1999, representatives of gangs were subjected to repression and persecution. The Mullo Kyrgyz Mosque (Otaullokhon) was taken over by the state. Today the situation is under full control of the authorities.
Christianity
- Namangan city church of Evangelical Baptist Christians.
Attractions
- Mausoleum of Khojamna-Kabra, erected in the 18th century under the leadership of the famous master Muhammad Ibrahim son of Abdurakhim. The mausoleum was built at a time when Namangan was turning into one of the major cities of the Fergana Valley. Fancy terracotta embossed with multi-color glazed cladding decorates the mausoleum building.
- Mullah-Kirghiz Madrasah (1910), Atavalikhona Mosque, Attavalik-Khontur Mosque and Mullah Bozor Okhund Mosque.
- House of Sultan Akhmedov (XIX century).
- Founded in 1884, Namangan Park was initially the garden of the district chief. It became available to city residents only after the October Revolution of 1917. Since 1938, the park bore the name of A. S. Pushkin, and after the republic acquired independence in 1991, the park bore the name of Babur. The park is located in the city center, 12 city streets lead to it and its territory is about 14 hectares.
- The Namangan National Historical Museum operates in the city.
The Namangan arch (fortress, citadel) was located on the territory of the current Babur Park. During the uprising of anti-Soviet elements in Namangan, the citadel served as a hiding place for Red Army soldiers. Later the arch was torn down, the remaining fragments are extremely insignificant.
e, one of the nice ones cities of the Fergana Valley, located in its northern part 200 km from Tashkent. Namangan located at an altitude of 476 m above sea level, is administrative center of Namangan region and has a population of 450 thousand inhabitants.
First information about Namangan dates back to the end of the 14th century, it is known that the settlement was formed on border of the Fergana Valley, where nomadic shepherds and farmers lived.
Officially, the history of the city begins in 1610, when on the site of the settlement " Namak-kan", which translated from Tajik means " salt mine"The city arose. It was located next to a huge lake in which salt was mined not far from a stone bridge across Namangansai.
The main reason for the development of the ancient city was the strong earthquake of 1620, when the capital was destroyed after natural disasters Fergana Valley -Akhsikent city, located 20 km from Namangan. The surviving residents moved to the newly formed city, and after some time it was no longer a run-of-the-mill town, but “ Mauzi-i-Namangan", that is, a city that has influence on the surrounding areas.
So, by the will of fate, Namangan became the successor to the legendary Aksikent a. The city developed rapidly; its status is evidenced by the names of famous philosophers, scientists and poets of the East, such as: Lutfulloh, Firdavsi, Babur, Mashrab.
At the beginning of the 18th century Namangan joined Kokand Khanate.
A huge milestone in development Namangan and its agricultural surroundings began construction in 1818-1821 Yangiaryk channel. Through extortion and the miserable exploitation of free labor, the canal was laid in three years, and over the next ten years it was deepened and expanded. At this time, there was an upsurge for urban artisans, trade with China, Bukhara and the surrounding nomadic tribes, sericulture, gardening and vegetable gardening are rising to a new level.
And yet, the years when Namangan was part of Kokand Khanate, were not the best in its history. The endless internecine wars of the rulers undermined the economy and led to the impoverishment of the population. In July 1875, a popular uprising broke out against the last of the Kokand rulers- Khudoyarkhan. Fled in Tashkent, under the protection of Russian weapons Khudoyarkhan, provoked a military expedition Russian army deep down Kokand Khanate up to Namangan. In 1876 Kokand Khanate was liquidated and Namangan became the administrative center of five districts in the region.
After joining Russia Namangan gets big very quickly industrial center of Turkestan. The manufacturing industry is developing, factories and factories are appearing, and a significant increase in banking capital is planned. After connecting Namangan with a railway line Kokand om The city's population grew noticeably.
With independence Republic of Uzbekistan, a lot has changed in the city and the region it leads. Today it is a dynamically developing industrial region. The main sectors of the economy are: sericulture, cotton processing, winemaking, and the chemical industry. The tourism business and folk crafts are thriving.
From time immemorial Namangan has very strong religious traditions and today it can confidently be called the center of Islam in the CIS.
Historical monuments and sights of Namangan.
Madrasah Mullo-Kirghiz
The Mullo-Kirghiz madrasah was built in the city center at the beginning of the 20th century under the leadership of a talented Kirghiz architect. Among the local population there are many legends about the talent of the architect who built the madrasah. One of them says that one day the great man drank tea and from afar watched the work of a student who was building a wall. Seeing the error, he corrected the assistant, but he could not take it in...
Ota-Valikhon-tura Mosque
The mosque is an original monument with an interesting architectural and constructive solution, built at the beginning of the 20th century not far from the Mullo-Kirgiz madrasah. The mosque is a rectangular building with a small entrance portal decorated with three-quarter towers. The central hall is covered with a large ribbed dome with a diameter of 13.5 meters. The entrance gate is decorated with a carved star pattern, ...
Mausoleum of Khoja Amin Kabri
A well-known monument of memorial architecture of the 18th century, the Mausoleum of Khoja Amin Kabri is a symmetrical portal-domed mosque, open on four sides, which is located slightly south of the burial, marked by a rectangular gravestone. Both in the overall composition of the mosque and in the detailing of the elements there is a stunning sense of rhythm and proportion. Architect...
Aksikent
An ancient settlement located on the right bank of the Syrdarya River, 20 km from Namangan. The city consisted of a citadel, shakhristan and rabod. Until the 13th century, Aksikent was the largest city in the Fergana Valley. After the devastating Mongol invasion, it was restored in the 15th century and became the capital of Fergana during the reign of Umarshaikh, the father of the famous Babur. In 1620 it was completely destroyed by a strong earthquake. ...
Namangan is located in the northern part of the Fergana Valley, 200 km southeast of Tashkent (about 300 km by road). Height 476 m above sea level.
The territory of the city of Namangan and the former Davlatabad district now constitute a single administrative-territorial entity.
Story
Foundation of the city
The name “Namangan” comes from the Persian “Namak kan” (نمککان) - “salt mine”. Archaeological excavations have shown the presence of a settlement on the territory of the modern city (in the area of the stone bridge over Namangansai) in the first centuries AD. The first mentions of Namangan date back to the end of the 15th century, the city dates back to 1610. In 1620, residents of Akhsikent, destroyed by an earthquake, moved to the city of Namangan.
The digging of the Yangiaryk canal in 1819-1821 played a huge role in the development of Namangan. Russian traveler and geographer A.F. Middendorf, who visited Namangan in 1878, wrote:
How was one of the latest creations - Yangiaryk in Namangan district - realized? One worker was required from each yard; armed with his ketmen, he had to work on his grub for 15 days to construct a water canal. After 3 years, a small flow of water was achieved, and then, over the next 10 years, the canal was expanded and deepened
A.F. Middendorf. Sketches of the Fergana Valley, St. Petersburg, 1882.
Namangan was known as a craft center where potters, weavers, coppersmiths, blacksmiths, dyers, jewelers, fabric printers, and shoemakers lived. Gardening, sericulture, and trade with China, Bukhara and neighboring nomadic tribes were developed. Being part of the Kokand Khanate, Namangan experienced endless civil strife, devastating wars and raids that undermined the city's economy. In 1843, the son of the Kokand ruler Sheralikhan Khudoyarkhan was bek in Namangan. In 1845, Musulmankul took 16-year-old Khudoyar from Namangan to Kokand and proclaimed him khan.
As part of the Russian Empire
Endless intrigues, coups and subsequent unrest led to Namangan joining the uprising against Khudoyarkhan in 1873-76. Tsar Alexander II, supporting Khudoyarkhan, sent troops to suppress the uprising. On September 26, 1875, General Skobelev, having crossed the Syr Darya, occupied the city. However, a month later, in October, the rebels captured Namangan and the Russian garrison, fortified in the citadel, with difficulty repelled the rebel attacks. Then Skobelev, having brought up additional forces, subjected Namangan to artillery bombardment, and having knocked out the rebels from the city, he finally annexed it to the Russian Empire. After the inclusion of the territory of the Kokand Khanate into the empire, the city became the center of the Namangan district of the Fergana region.
With the accession to Russia, industrial, commercial and banking capital began to penetrate into Central Asia at a rapid pace. According to statistics, in 1892, 28 different enterprises operated in the Namangan district, employing 704 workers. The cotton processing industry developed rapidly. The largest scale of production was distinguished by 20 cotton gin plants, which produced 81.5% of all gross industrial output.
Due to the development of the cotton processing industry, the demand for raw cotton has increased enormously. In 1892, the gross cotton harvest in the county was 22.6 thousand tons from 21.5 thousand hectares, the yield was 10.5 centners. There were 10 cotton gin plants in Namangan, of which 4 were steam, the rest were water; two lard factories, 8 soap factories, 10 tanneries, one vodka factory; 15 flour mills, 65 oil mills, 3 crushers, 9 pottery, 2 brick and 4 iron smelting workshops.
The development of industry was also reflected in the growth of the population of Namangan. If, according to the 1897 census, 62,017 people lived in it, then in 1910 there were already 75,580 people. Namangan ranked first in the Fergana Valley in terms of the number of schools and maktabs. The city successfully operated 1 parish school, 1 Russian-native primary school with evening courses for adults and 68 Muslim maktabs. There was a hospital with 20 beds.
In 1912, Namangan was connected by railway to Kokand. Namangan has turned into one of the industrial centers and the second city after Tashkent in the Turkestan General Government in terms of population. At this time, many buildings and structures were built, among them the Khojamna-Kabra mausoleum and the Mulla-Kirgiz madrasah.
On October 22, 1908, along with other coats of arms of the Fergana region, the coat of arms of the city of Namangan was approved. His description was like this:
In the scarlet shield there are three silver silkworms curled into a ring. In the free part the coat of arms of the Fergana region
Since the end of 1917, armed clashes between the Bolsheviks and counter-revolutionary forces periodically took place in the city. In April 1920, the commander of the Turkestan Front and member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for Turkestan Affairs, M.V. Frunze, visited Namangan and stayed for several days. Together with him, Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on Turkestan Affairs Sh.Z. Eliava and Chairman of the Margilan Union “Koshchi” Yuldash Akhunbabaev arrived in Namangan. Around mid-1923, the Red Army managed to suppress the Basmach movement in the district.
As a result of the national-state delimitation of 1924, 10 volosts (Chatkal, Alabuka, Aim, etc.) were separated from the territory of the Namangan district, which became part of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic.
In 1926, the city experienced a strong earthquake. Collectivization, which began in 1927, was accompanied by mass discontent among the population and armed uprisings that continued until the end of the second Five-Year Plan (1937).
In 1930, in Namangan there were 17 first-level schools and two advanced schools: one seven-year and one nine-year, and 307 literacy schools operated. There were 2 kindergartens, 2 orphanages and 6 playgrounds. A pedagogical college and a medical workers' school operated in the city. There were 7 clubs, 31 red corners, 2 libraries, 3 cinemas and 1 museum-zoo. On June 15, 1932, on the initiative of the famous Uzbek poet and educator Hamza Hakim-zade Niyazi, the regional music and drama theater named after Alisher Navoi was opened in Namangan, which is still functioning today.
On March 10, 1941, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Namangan region was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR, and the city of Namangan became its administrative center.
In 1941-1943, the all-Union design institute GIPROIV and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Artificial Fiber (VNIIV) were evacuated in Namangan. Also, from September 1942 to the spring of 1945, in Namangan, as well as Fergana, Andijan and Uchkurgan, the Armavir Military Aviation School of Pilots (AVASHP) was temporarily based, which later merged with the Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. During the war, the Namangan chemical plant produced parachute lines. About 24 thousand Namangan people died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.
Coat of arms of Namangan during Soviet times
From December 3 to December 5, 1990, ethnic riots occurred in the city. On December 2, local hooligans started a quarrel and fight with the military on the bus. During the riots, 5 Soviet Army servicemen were killed, whom hooligans burned on the same bus where the fight took place. Three civilians were also killed. According to other sources, the instigators of the quarrel and fight were the servicemen themselves, who, while intoxicated, began to molest women and girls. The events were covered in the all-Union media; The Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper wrote about these events in the article “Black Apples of Namangan.”
In 1990, the first official training center of oriental medicine in the USSR for training specialists in non-contact massage, using the Juna Davitashvili method, was opened in Namangan with the issuance of an official document at the ONIL DD IOF AS USSR (Industrial research laboratory “remote diagnostics” of the Institute of General Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences) The organizer was Madaminov Takhir Kasymovich.
Independent Uzbekistan
After Uzbekistan gained independence, Namangan remained the regional center of the Namangan region. In the first half of the 1990s, non-governmental Islamic organizations functioned in the city (Tovba, Islam Lashkarlari). These organizations aimed to build an Islamic caliphate in the Fergana Valley. This led to a tense social situation in the city. However, by the mid-1990s, the authorities managed to restore order in the city. Prominent activists of the Islamic movement were forced to flee the country and the influence of the Islamists began to wane.