Heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and their exploits
The fighting has long since died down. Veterans are leaving one by one. But the heroes of the Second World War of 1941-1945 and their exploits will forever remain in the memory of grateful descendants. About the most bright personalities This article will tell about those years and their immortal deeds. Some were still very young, while others were no longer young. Each of the heroes has their own character and their own destiny. But all of them were united by love for the Motherland and a willingness to sacrifice themselves for its good.Alexander Matrosov
Orphanage student Sasha Matrosov went to war at the age of 18. Immediately after the infantry school he was sent to the front. February 1943 turned out to be “hot”. Alexander’s battalion went on the attack, and at some point the guy, along with several comrades, was surrounded. There was no way to break through to our own people - the enemy machine guns were firing too densely.
Soon Sailors was the only one left alive. His comrades died under bullets. The young man had only a few seconds to make a decision. Unfortunately, it turned out to be the last in his life. Wanting to bring at least some benefit to his native battalion, Alexander Matrosov rushed to the embrasure, covering it with his body. The fire went silent. The Red Army attack was ultimately successful - the Nazis retreated. And Sasha went to heaven as a young and handsome 19-year-old guy...
Marat Kazei
When the Great Patriotic War began, Marat Kazei was only twelve. He lived in the village of Stankovo with his sister and parents. In 1941 he found himself under occupation. Marat's mother helped the partisans, providing them with her shelter and feeding them. One day the Germans found out about this and shot the woman. Left alone, the children, without hesitation, went into the forest and joined the partisans.
Marat, who managed to complete only four classes before the war, helped his older comrades as best he could. He was even taken on reconnaissance missions; and he also took part in undermining German trains. In 1943, the boy was awarded the medal “For Courage” for the heroism shown during the breakthrough of the encirclement. The boy was wounded in that terrible battle.
And in 1944, Kazei was returning from reconnaissance with an adult partisan. The Germans noticed them and began to fire. The senior comrade died. Marat fired back to the last bullet. And when he had only one grenade left, the teenager let the Germans get closer and blew himself up along with them. He was 15 years old.
Alexey Maresyev
The name of this man is known to every resident of the former Soviet Union. After all we're talking about O legendary pilot. Alexey Maresyev was born in 1916 and dreamed of the sky since childhood. Even the rheumatism suffered did not become an obstacle to my dream. Despite the doctors' prohibitions, Alexey entered the flying class - they accepted him after several futile attempts.
In 1941, the stubborn young man went to the front. The sky turned out to be not what he dreamed of. But it was necessary to defend the Motherland, and Maresyev did everything for this. One day his plane was shot down. Wounded in both legs, Alexei managed to land the car in territory captured by the Germans and even somehow made his way to his own.
But time was lost. The legs were “devoured” by gangrene, and they had to be amputated. Where can a soldier go without both limbs? After all, she’s completely crippled... But Alexey Maresyev was not one of those. He remained in service and continued to fight the enemy.
As many as 86 times the winged machine with the hero on board managed to take to the sky. Maresyev shot down 11 German planes. The pilot was lucky to survive in that terrible war and feel the heady taste of victory. He died in 2001. “The Tale of a Real Man” by Boris Polevoy is a work about him. It was Maresyev’s feat that inspired the author to write it.
Zinaida Portnova
Born in 1926, Zina Portnova faced the war as a teenager. At that time, the native Leningrad resident was visiting relatives in Belarus. Finding herself in occupied territory, she did not sit on the sidelines, but entered into partisan movement. I pasted leaflets, established contacts with the underground...
In 1943, the Germans grabbed the girl and dragged her to their lair. During the interrogation, Zina somehow managed to take a pistol from the table. She shot her tormentors - two soldiers and an investigator.
It was heroic deed, which made the Germans’ attitude towards Zina even more brutal. It is impossible to convey in words the torment that the girl experienced during terrible torture. But she was silent. The Nazis could not squeeze a word out of her. As a result, the Germans shot their captive without achieving anything from the heroine Zina Portnova.
Andrey Korzun
Andrei Korzun turned thirty in 1941. He was called to the front immediately, being sent to become an artilleryman. Korzun took part in terrible battles near Leningrad, during one of which he was seriously wounded. It was November 5, 1943.While falling, Korzun noticed that the ammunition warehouse had started to catch fire. It was urgent to put out the fire, otherwise a huge explosion threatened to take many lives. Somehow, bleeding and suffering from pain, the artilleryman crawled to the warehouse. The artilleryman had no strength left to take off his overcoat and throw it into the flames. Then he covered the fire with his body. There was no explosion. Andrei Korzun did not survive.
Leonid Golikov
Another young hero is Lenya Golikov. Born in 1926. Lived in the Novgorod region. When the war began, he left to become a partisan. This teenager had plenty of courage and determination. Leonid destroyed 78 fascists, a dozen enemy trains and even a couple of bridges.
The explosion that went down in history and took away German general Richard von Wirtz - it was his doing. The car of an important rank went up in the air, and Golikov took possession of valuable documents, for which he received the Hero’s star.
A brave partisan died in 1943 near the village of Ostraya Luka during German attack. The enemy significantly outnumbered our fighters, and they had no chance. Golikov fought until his last breath.
These are just six stories out of a great many that permeate the entire war. Everyone who has completed it, who has brought victory even one moment closer, is already a hero. Thanks to people like Maresyev, Golikov, Korzun, Sailors, Kazei, Portnova and millions of others Soviet soldiers The world has gotten rid of the brown plague of the 20th century. And the reward for their exploits was eternal life!
Many women, with small children to take care of, worked in factories and factories.
Children and old people, standing at the machines day and night, made weapons for the soldiers, constantly without enough food, in the cold and overcoming the most difficult conditions. They did everything in their power to help survive the war and defeat the invaders.
Many soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals, many received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The title of Hero of the Second World War was awarded to soldiers, officers, sailors, partisans, and pioneers. All the people of a huge country began to defend their Motherland. Everyone gave their strength to fight the enemy, both those who fought at the front and those who worked in the rear. Only thanks to the exploits of millions of people, the new generation received the right to free life.
We must remember the names of the heroes who gave their lives in the struggle for liberation: Alexander Matrosov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Nikolai Gastello and many others who will be discussed.
Alexander Matrosov
Matrosov Alexander Matveevich - 2nd submachine gunner separate battalion 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin 6th Stalin Siberian Volunteer rifle corps 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, private.
Born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk). Russian. Member of the Komsomol. Lost his parents early. He was raised for 5 years in the Ivanovo security orphanage (Ulyanovsk region). In 1939, he was sent to a car repair plant in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), but soon escaped from there. By the verdict of the people's court of the 3rd section of the Frunzensky district of the city of Saratov on October 8, 1940, Alexander Matrosov was sentenced under Article 192 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to two years in prison for violating the passport regime (Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases Supreme Court The RSFSR overturned this verdict on May 5, 1967). He served time in the Ufa children's labor colony. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War repeatedly made written requests to send him to the front...
Drafted into the Red Army by the Kirov district military registration and enlistment office of the city of Ufa, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in September 1942 and sent to Krasnokholmskoye infantry school(October 1942), but soon most The cadets were sent to the Kalinin Front.
In the active army since November 1942. Served as part of the 2nd separate rifle battalion 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin (later 254th Guards rifle regiment 56th Guards rifle division, Kalinin Front). For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of Bolshoi Lomovatoy Bor. Straight from the march, the brigade entered the battle.
On February 27, 1943, the 2nd Battalion received the task of attacking strong point in the area of the village of Pleten, west of the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district of the Pskov region. As soon as our soldiers passed through the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. Suppressed one machine gun assault group machine gunners and armor-piercers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercing soldiers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to fire at the entire ravine in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. He approached the embrasure from the flank and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters went on the attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov stood up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the accomplishment of the unit’s combat mission.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya was born in September 1923 in the Tambov region, the village of Osino-Gai. The father was a priest. Younger brother received the Hero of the Soviet Union award. In 1930, the family settled in Moscow. Here Zoya graduated from ninth grade high school.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Zoya strove to go to the front. To do this, she turned to the district Komsomol committee. A few days later she was sent to military unit No. 9903. This military unit was sent to the Mozhaisk front on instructions from headquarters. Zoya was behind enemy lines twice. In November 1941, in the village of Petrishchevo, Moscow Region, she was captured by the Germans.
To find out secret information, she was subjected to various tortures. But Zoya was silent, not saying anything, not even her first and last name. After severe torture, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was executed rural square village of Petrishchevo November 29, 1941.
Nikolai Gastello
Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello was born in May 1908 in Moscow. Father was German for a long time living in Russia. In 1933, Nikolai graduated from the Lugansk flight school and began serving in aviation on a bomber. During Soviet-Finnish War took part in air battles. He took part in the battles on the Khalkhin Gol River, for which he was awarded the Order of Lenin. And by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was already a squadron commander in aviation.
Victor Gastello, the son of a pilot, repeatedly spoke about the death of his father and his crew. This version was published in well-known Russian publications.
This version looks like in the following way. On June 26, 1941, at the very beginning of the war, the 3rd Long-Range Bomber Corps carried out strikes on the enemy throughout the entire day. Military operations took place in Belarus, in the Radoshkovichi-Molodechino region near the village of Dekshany. 207th aviation regiment was on his second combat mission of the day. The regiment consisted of two aircraft. The crew of Nikolai Gastello consisted of four people: navigator Lieutenant Anatoly Burdenyuk, gunner-radio operator Sergeant Alexei Kalinin and gunner adjutant of the squadron Lieutenant Grigory Skorobogaty. Little is known about the second aircraft, only that its pilot was Senior Lieutenant Fyodor Vorobyov, and its navigator was Lieutenant Anatoly Rybas. A little more than an hour after the start of the flight, a column of enemy military equipment was discovered from a height. Only one plane, piloted by Lieutenant Vorobyov, returned to base. Upon arrival, he and the navigator submitted a report in which they described the feat of Commander Gastello and his crew. According to them, the downed plane crashed into a column of armored vehicles, and powerful explosion The bulk of the armored vehicles were destroyed.
For many years, only this version of what happened that day existed. But in the 90s of the last century others began to put forward. So, in 1994, the Izvestia newspaper published an article “Captain Maslov’s crew is worthy of the title of heroes,” which stated that on that day combat mission two bombers did not return. The 1st was under the command of Nikolai Gastello, and the second was under the command of Captain Alexander Spiridonovich Maslov, commander of the 3rd squadron of the 42nd aviation division.
Marat Kazei
War struck the Belarusian land. The Nazis burst into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Alexandrovna Kazeya. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. school building The Nazis turned it into their barracks. The enemy was fierce.
Anna Aleksandrovna Kazei was captured for her connection with the partisans, and Marat soon learned that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart was filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister, Komsomol member Ada, the pioneer Marat Kazei went to join the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at headquarters partisan brigade. He penetrated enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk...
Marat took part in battles and invariably showed courage and fearlessness; together with experienced demolition men, he mined the railway.
Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let his enemies get closer and blew them up... and himself.
For his courage and bravery, pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
Lenya Golikov
He grew up in the village of Lukino, on the banks of the Polo River, which flows into the legendary Lake Ilmen. When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans.
More than once he went on reconnaissance and brought important information into a partisan detachment. And enemy trains and cars flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned...
There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, began to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents. The partisan headquarters immediately transported them by plane to Moscow.
There were many more fights in his short life! And the young hero, who fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, never flinched. He died near the village of Ostray Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that the earth was burning under his feet, that there would be no mercy for him...
Outstanding military leader of the Great Patriotic War, Army General Alexei Innokentievich Antonov
On the eve of the sixtieth anniversary Battle of Kursk a group of military leaders appealed to the President of Russia V.V. Putin with a petition to award the title of Hero of Russia (posthumously) to an outstanding military figure during the Great Patriotic War, Army General Alexei Innokentyevich Antonov.
Army General A.I. Antonov by will evil rock or, by coincidence, was not awarded either the title of Hero of the Soviet Union or the title of Marshal, although he was repeatedly worthy of both. How could it be that the boss General Staff Armed Forces of the Soviet Union on final stage war was ignored by Stalin, who, as you know, valued Antonov, one can only guess.
There is a version that Antonov, while serving as Chief of the General Staff, rejected L.P.’s proposal. Beria about cooperation with him and for this, through the latter’s efforts, he was exiled to the Transcaucasian Military District to the position of deputy commander of the district, and his proposal to be awarded the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was never realized.
Valya Kotik
He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, and was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers.
When the Nazis burst into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment on a cart of hay.
Having taken a closer look at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard.
The fascists planned punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, having tracked down the Nazi officer who led the punitive forces, killed him...
Utah Bondarovskaya
Wherever the blue-eyed girl Yuta went, her red tie was always with her...
In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad on vacation to a village near Pskov. Here terrible news overtook Utah: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. At first she was a messenger, then a scout. Dressed as a beggar boy, she collected information from the villages: where the fascist headquarters were, how they were guarded, how many machine guns there were.
Zina Portnova
The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came for vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol youth organization was created in Obol" Young Avengers", and Zina was elected a member of her committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, on assignment partisan detachment conducted reconnaissance.
It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis captured the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired at point-blank range at the Gestapo man.
The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her...
The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but before last minute remained persistent, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Galya Komleva
When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south Leningrad region- high school counselor Anna Petrovna Semenova was left behind. To communicate with the partisans, she selected her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl of six years old school years was awarded books six times with the signature: “For excellent studies”
The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her counselor, and forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, and food, which were obtained with great difficulty. One day, when a messenger from a partisan detachment did not arrive on time at the meeting place, Galya, half-frozen, made her way into the detachment, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground fighters.
Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground fighters. They kept me in the Gestapo for two months. They beat me severely, threw me into a cell, and in the morning they took me out again for interrogation. Galya didn’t say anything to the enemy, didn’t betray anyone. The young patriot was shot.
The Motherland celebrated the feat of Galya Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
Kostya Kravchuk
June 11, 1944 on central square In Kyiv, units were lined up to go to the front. And before this battle formation, the Decree of the Presidium was read Supreme Council The USSR about awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two battle flags of rifle regiments during the occupation of the city of Kyiv...
Retreating from Kyiv, two wounded soldiers entrusted Kostya with the banners. And Kostya promised to keep them.
Lara Mikheenko
For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway. bridge over the Drissa River, Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was nominated for a government award. But the Motherland did not have time to present the award to her brave daughter...
The war cut off the girl from hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but was unable to return - the village was occupied by the Nazis. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery and making her way to her own people. And one night she left the village with two older friends.
At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin Brigade, the commander, Major P.V. Ryndin, initially found himself accepting “such little ones”: what kind of partisans are they? But how much even very young citizens can do for the Motherland! The girls were able to do what they couldn’t strong men. Dressed in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, the sentries were posted, what German vehicles were moving along the highway, what kind of trains were coming to Pustoshka station and with what cargo.
She also took part in combat operations...
The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. The Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, states bitter word: "Posthumously."
Vasya Korobko
Ernigov region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, a company held the defense. A boy brought cartridges to the soldiers. His name was Vasya Korobko.
Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by the Nazis.
He makes his way into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely.
Sasha Borodulin
There was a war going on. Enemy bombers were buzzing hysterically over the village where Sasha lived. The native land was trampled by the enemy's boot. Sasha Borodulin, a pioneer with the warm heart of a young Leninist, could not put up with this. He decided to fight the fascists. Got a rifle. Having killed a fascist motorcyclist, he took his first battle trophy - a real German machine gun. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. He was responsible for many destroyed vehicles and soldiers. For carrying out dangerous tasks, for demonstrating courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941.
Punishers tracked down the partisans. The detachment escaped them for three days, twice broke out of encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander called for volunteers to cover the detachment’s retreat. Sasha was the first to step forward. Five took the fight. One by one they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but the detachment valued every minute that would delay the enemy, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the fascists to close a ring around him, grabbed a grenade and blew them up and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory lives on. The memory of the heroes is eternal!
Vitya Khomenko
Pioneer Vitya Khomenko passed his heroic path of struggle against the fascists in the underground organization “Nikolaev Center”.
At school, Vitya’s German was “excellent,” and the underground workers instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officers’ mess. He washed dishes, sometimes served officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the fascists blurted out information that was of great interest to the Nikolaev Center.
The officers began sending the fast, smart boy on errands, and soon he was made a messenger at headquarters. It could never have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by underground workers at the turnout...
Volodya Kaznacheev
1941... I graduated from fifth grade in the spring. In the fall he joined the partisan detachment.
When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “What a reinforcement!..” True, having learned that they were from Solovyanovka, the children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratievna was killed by the Nazis).
The detachment had a “partisan school”. Future miners and demolition workers trained there. Volodya mastered this science perfectly and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He also had to cover the group’s retreat, stopping the pursuers with grenades...
He was a liaison; he often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; After waiting until dark, he posted leaflets. From operation to operation he became more experienced and skillful.
The Nazis placed a reward on the head of partisan Kzanacheev, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside the adults until the day he motherland was not liberated from the fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with the adults the glory of the hero-liberator native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.
Nadya Bogdanova
She was executed twice by the Nazis, and battle friends long years Nadya was considered dead. They even erected a monument to her.
It’s hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of “Uncle Vanya” Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects.
The first time she was captured was when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in enemy-occupied Vitebsk on November 7, 1941. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot her, she no longer had any strength left - she fell into the ditch, momentarily outstripping the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in a ditch...
Fedyuninsky Ivan Ivanovich
van Ivanovich Fedyuninsky was born on July 17 (30), 1900 in the village of Gilevo, 36 km from Tyumen, into a working-class family.
He joined the Red Army in 1919. After the end of the Civil War, during which he was wounded in the leg, I.I. Fedyuninsky worked for 3 months at the Tyumen military registration and enlistment office, from where he was sent to Omsk to take courses at a military infantry school. After successful completion In 1924, he chose the Far East as his place of service.
At the new duty station, the situation was extremely turbulent due to constant conflicts on the CER. By 1929, I.I. Fedyuninsky received command of the 6th company of the 36th Infantry Division of the Special Far Eastern Army. It was in this post that he distinguished himself during the largest clash with Chinese troops, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
In 1930, the young commander was sent to Moscow to study at the Shot course, which he graduated with honors and returned to the Far East. Having risen to commander of the 24th rifle regiment 36th Rifle Division, Major I.I. Fedyuninsky in 1939, then the division was already a motorized rifle division, especially distinguished himself during the battles at Khalkhin Gol, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. There, on August 20, 1939, he received a second wound in the leg. After leaving the hospital in 1939-40 he commanded the 82nd motorized rifle division in Mongolia.
In April 1941, having completed advanced training courses at higher education commanding staff, Colonel I.I. Fedyuninsky was transferred from Far East, where a rifle division was under his command, to the Kiev Special Military District, heading the 15th Rifle Corps.
Oktyabrsky Philip Sergeevich
Philip Sergeevich Oktyabrsky ( real name– Ivanov) was born on October 11 (23), 1899 in the village of Lukshino (now Staritsky district of Tver province) into a peasant family. He graduated from four classes of a rural school, after which in 1915 he went first to Shlisselburg and then to St. Petersburg to earn money. He worked as a fireman, then as an assistant driver on ships sailing along Ladoga, Svir, and Neva.
In 1918, F.S. Oktyabrsky voluntarily joined the ranks Baltic Fleet. During the Civil War, he served as a sailor on ships of the Baltic Fleet, and from 1920 on the Northern Fleet. military flotilla on the auxiliary cruiser "Lieutenant Schmidt". In 1922, he completed courses at the Petrograd Communist University, after which he worked in the maritime department of the Political Administration of the Red Army, in the political department of the flotilla. In 1928 he completed courses at the M.V. Frunze Naval School. Subsequently he commanded a division, and then a detachment and a brigade of torpedo boats in the Baltic and Pacific Fleet. In 1935, already a brigade commander, F.S. Oktyabrsky was awarded his first Order of the Red Star, which he received for mastering boats in the new naval theater and developing methods for the interaction of ships with aviation, coastal defense and ground forces.
From February 1938 to August 1939, F.S. Oktyabrsky commanded the Amur military flotilla.
From August 1939 to April 1943 he commanded the Black Sea Fleet. During the period of his leadership, the most outstanding hard days period of the Great Patriotic War.
June 22, 1941 at one o'clock in the morning by order people's commissar Navy N.G. Kuznetsov Black Sea Fleet was brought to combat readiness. At 3.17 on the same day, the aviation and air defense of the fleet, as well as the ships' anti-aircraft batteries, began repelling the first Luftwaffe air raid. Enemy planes dropped not only bombs, but also mines, which were supposed to impede the fleet's actions at sea. Organizing the fight against them became a top priority for the fleet commander.
A.V. Ostrovsky
"... during a combat campaign he showed courage, bravery, and high qualities of a submarine commander..."
In the Soviet submarine fleet, perhaps, you will not find an officer with such a difficult fate as Alexander Ivanovich Marinesko, in whom heroism, extreme composure and days-long binges, desperate courage and a disregard for the assigned task coexisted side by side. He is the first "heavyweight" among Soviet submariners: he has four sunk vehicles weighing 42,557 gross registered tons. But he also suffered more than anyone else: in October 1941, he was excluded from candidates for party membership; trial by military tribunal (did not take place due to the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustlov); reduction in rank from captain 3rd rank to senior lieutenant; expulsion first from submarine fleet, and then from the Navy in general.
N.G. Kuznetsov, People's Commissar and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy during the war, who signed the order to transfer A. I. Marinesko to the reserve in November 1945, many years later wrote: “To the numerous serious offenses of A. Marinesko in the service and in everyday life, I, as Admiral, I have a very definite negative attitude. But knowing his courage, determination and ability to achieve major military successes, I am ready to forgive him a lot and pay tribute for his services to the Motherland.”1
Their due, albeit late, was paid: on May 5, 1990, almost 27 years after his death, A.I. Marinesko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and a monument was erected to him in Kaliningrad, which numerous guests of the city consider it their duty to visit.
Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was born on January 31 (February 12), 1900 in the village of Serebryanye Prudy, Venevsky district, Tula province (now Moscow region) in peasant family. In 1911 he graduated from four classes of the Serebryanoprudsk rural school. In 1912 he graduated from the 1st grade of the Higher Primary School. At the age of 12, he left home to work in St. Petersburg, where he worked in the Celebey Baths, and then in furnished rooms. In August 1914 he entered the spur workshop as an apprentice. In December 1916, he returned to his native village and took up peasant labor.
In December 1917, V.I. Chuikov left for Kronstadt and entered the mine training squad as a cabin boy. In April 1918, he and his older brothers, who served as sailors in the Baltic Fleet, were demobilized and left for the village, but soon V.I. Chuikov went to Moscow, where he entered the Military Instructor Courses of the Red Army, participated in the suppression of the rebellion of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries . After completing the course in August 1918, he was sent to the Southern Front.
During the Civil War, V.I. Chuikov from August to November 1918 was an assistant company commander in the 1st Special Ukrainian Brigade of R.F. Sivers, from November 1918 to May 1919 - assistant commander of the 40th Infantry Regiment of the 28th 1st Infantry Division V.M. Azin in the combat unit, and then, until July 1921, as the commander of the 40th Infantry Regiment, renamed the 43rd Infantry Regiment of the 5th Infantry Division. Fought as part of various parts The Red Army against the troops of Admiral A.V. Kolchak, against Polish troops on Western Front. During the fighting he was wounded four times and shell-shocked twice. In 1920 and 1925 there was awarded with orders Red Banner, as well as a gold watch. After the end of the Civil War, for six months he was the head of combat site No. 4, the head of the garrison of the city of Velizh and the chairman of the commission on banditry.
In 1925, V.I. Chuikov graduated Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze. In the fall of 1926, V.I. Chuikov visited China for the first time as a diplomatic courier. In November 1927 he graduated from the Oriental Faculty of the same educational institution. After graduation, he was sent to the position of chief of the 1st department at the headquarters of the Moscow Military District, which he held until January 1928. Then, until September 1929, he was in China as a military adviser. In September 1929 - August 1932 he was the head of the headquarters department of the Special Far Eastern Army (from January 1, 1930 - Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army). As part of it, he participated in military clashes in Manchuria. From August 1932 to October 1935, V.I. Chuikov was the head of the Advanced Courses for Intelligence Commanders.
Description of the presentation Heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 -1945. by slides
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 -1945. The work was carried out by a 9th grade student of the municipal budgetary educational institution "Rusanovskaya secondary school" Krening Angelina
Vasily Zaitsev Vasily Grigorievich Zaitsev - sniper, only during the Battle of Stalingrad between November 10 and December 17, 1942 he was able to destroy 225 soldiers and officers German army. Among the enemies he killed were 11 snipers, including Major Koenig himself, the head of the Wehrmacht sniper school. Naturally, Zaitsev’s actions were not limited to Battle of Stalingrad, but he brought the greatest impact as an instructor, training 28 novice snipers who destroyed more than three thousand enemy soldiers.
Ivan Kozhedub Three times Hero of the Soviet Union, Ivan became a famous fighter pilot during the Second World War. During the war, he flew 330 combat missions and took part in 120 air battles. He managed to achieve something unprecedented - to shoot down 62 enemy aircraft, 2 heavy bombers, 16 fighters, 3 attack aircraft and 1 jet fighter. Another record of the pilot-hero is this interesting fact- Kozhedub was never shot down during the entire war. Ivan shot down his first plane only during his fortieth flight.
Khanpasha Nuradilov Chechen by nationality Khanpasha Nuradilovich Nuradilov - already in his first battle he destroyed 120 fascists with his machine gun. In January 1942, he destroyed another 50 enemy soldiers, suppressing 4 enemy machine gun points. In February, wounded in the arm, Khanpasha Nuradilov remained behind the machine gun, killing about 200 Nazis. In the spring of 1942, Nuradilov killed more than 300 soldiers enemy army. The record was recorded by the squadron commander. Unfortunately, on September 12, 1942, the hero was killed in battle. Before he died, he destroyed another 250 fascists and 2 machine guns. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Marat Kazei, a 14-year-old teenager, a member of a partisan detachment, went on reconnaissance missions along with his older comrades - both alone and with a group, participated in raids, and undermined trains. In January 1943, wounded, he roused his comrades to attack and made his way through the enemy ring, Marat received the medal “For Courage”. And in May 1944, while performing another mission near the village of Khoromitskiye, Minsk Region, a 14-year-old soldier died. Returning from a mission together with the reconnaissance commander, they came across the Germans. The commander was killed immediately, and Marat, firing back, lay down in a hollow. There was nowhere to leave in the open field, and there was no opportunity - the teenager was seriously wounded in the arm. While there were cartridges, he held the defense, and when the magazine was empty, he took the last weapon - two grenades from his belt. He threw one at the Germans right away, and waited with the second: when the enemies came very close, he blew himself up along with them. In 1965, Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Valya Kitty The Most young hero USSR, partisan reconnaissance in the Karmelyuk detachment. In a busy by German troops In the village, he waged his own little war - the boy secretly collected weapons and ammunition and handed them over to the partisans. Since 1942, he carried out intelligence assignments. And in the fall of the same year, Valya and her boys the same age received their first real combat mission: to eliminate the head of the field gendarmerie. In October 1943, the young soldier scouted out the location of the underground telephone cable of Hitler's headquarters, which was soon blown up, and also participated in the destruction of six railway trains and a warehouse. On October 29, 1943, while at his post, Valya noticed that the punitive forces had staged a raid on the detachment. Having killed a fascist officer with a pistol, the teenager raised the alarm, and the partisans managed to prepare for battle. On February 16, 1944, five days after his 14th birthday, in the battle for the city of Izyaslav, Kamenets-Podolsk, now Khmelnitsky region, the scout was mortally wounded and died the next day. In 1958, Valentin Kotik was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lenya Golikov. Lenya 16 -year-old teenager joined the partisans. Participated in 27 combat operations, destroyed 78 German soldiers and officers, blew up 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, blew up 9 vehicles with ammunition. . . On August 12, in the new combat area of the brigade, Golikov crashed a car in which Major General was engineering troops Richard Wirtz. For his feat, Lenya was nominated for the highest government award - the Gold Star medal and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But I didn’t have time to receive them. From December 1942 to January 1943, the partisan detachment in which Golikov was located fought fiercely out of encirclement. Only a few managed to survive, but Leni was not among them: he died in a battle with a punitive detachment of fascists on January 24, 1943 near the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov region, before he turned 17 years old.
Sasha Chekalin After the occupation of his native village Nazi troops in October 1941, 16-year-old Sasha joined the “Advanced” partisan fighter detachment, where he managed to serve for only a little more than a month. One day, a group of partisans, including Sasha Chekalin, ambushed the road to the city of Likhvin ( Tula region). A car appeared in the distance. A minute passed and the explosion tore the car apart. Several more cars followed and exploded. One of them, crowded with soldiers, tried to get through. But a grenade thrown by Sasha Chekalin destroyed her too. At the beginning of November 1941, Sasha caught a cold and fell ill. The commissioner allowed him to rest with a trusted person in the nearest village. But there was a traitor who gave him away. At night, the Nazis broke into the house where the sick partisan lay. Chekalin managed to grab the prepared grenade and throw it, but it did not explode. . . The Nazis hanged a teenager in the central square of Likhvin. After the liberation of the city, partisan Chekalin’s comrades buried him with military honors. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Alexander Chekalin in 1942.
Zina Portnova In 1942, Zina joined the Obol underground Komsomol youth organization “Young Avengers” and actively participated in distributing leaflets among the population and sabotage against the invaders. Since August 1943, Zina has been a scout in the Voroshilov partisan detachment. In December 1943, she received the task of identifying the reasons for the failure of the Young Avengers organization and establishing contacts with the underground. But upon returning to the detachment, Zina was arrested. The brave, courageous young partisan did not lose heart before the Gestapo, for long time torture, the girl turned gray. “... Once in the prison yard, prisoners saw how a completely gray-haired girl, when she was being led to another interrogation-torture, threw herself under the wheels of a passing truck. But the car was stopped, the girl was pulled out from under the wheels and again taken for questioning...” On January 10, 1944, in the village of Goryany, now Shumilinsky district, Vitebsk region of Belarus, 17-year-old Zina was shot. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Zinaida Portnova in 1958.
The honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of distinction USSR. He was awarded for outstanding services during combat operations or for accomplished feats. Moreover, as an exception, and in years of peace. How many Heroes of the Soviet Union are included in the list of those awarded this highest degree differences? According to 1991 data, there were 12,776 people.
From pre-war history
- The title was approved in 1934. The very first to receive it polar pilots who participated in the rescue of the crew and passengers of the Chelyuskin steamship.
- In the same 1934, pilot M. M. Gromov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for setting a world record.
- At the very end of 1936, for the first time, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded for performing military exploits. It was awarded to 11 commanders of the Red Army who took part in civil war on the territory of Spain. In total, for the period from 1936 to 1939, this highest award 60 people received it.
- Insignia Medal "Gold Star" introduced in 1939. Its first cavaliers were 70 military personnel who distinguished themselves during the defeat of the Japanese military group at Khalkhin Gol. Three of them received Gold Star a second time.
- The Soviet-Finnish War increased the list of Heroes by another 412 people.
Period 1941-1991
- During the Great Patriotic War, another 11,657 people officially received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and 90 of them were women.
- Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was awarded the Golden Star of the Hero four times.
- Three times - Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich, Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich, Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich and Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich.
- Twice that high rank 153 people were awarded.
- 85 Heroes of the Soviet Union gave military campaign in Afghanistan.
- In December 1991 the last Hero Leonid Mikhailovich Solodkov, a specialist in diving technology, became a member of the Soviet Union.
With the collapse of the USSR, this award was also abolished. Today, the title “Hero of the Russian Federation” is given for outstanding services to the country.