Abstract on the topic:

180th Rifle Division (1st formation)

Plan:

Introduction

• 1. History
• 2 Full name
• 3 Composition
• 4 Submission
• 5 Commanders
• 6 Interesting Facts

Introduction

In total, the 180th Infantry Division was formed 2 times. See list of other formations

180th Rifle Division, military unit of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War.

1. History

Formed in August-September 1940, after the annexation of Estonia to the USSR, as part of the 22nd Rifle Corps on the basis of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions of the Estonian People's Army. The division's personnel remained in the uniform of the Estonian army, but with Soviet insignia. It must be borne in mind that until December 31, 1939, there was another 180th Infantry Division, on the basis of which, in particular, the Yeletsk and Oryol infantry schools were created.

In the active army during the Great Patriotic War from June 22, 1941 to May 3, 1942.

On June 22, 1941, it was stationed in Võru and Petseri, but did not take part in the border battle.

From July 1, 1941, it was transferred by rail to Porkhov; from July 2, 1941, it was concentrated in the Porkhov area; on July 3, 1941, three echelons of the division arrived; there were 9 echelons on the way.

On July 4, 1941, the division had: command personnel - 1030 people, junior command personnel - 1160 people, rank and file - 9132 people. Total - 11322 people. Horses - 3039. Rifles - 11645, mortars - 35, light machine guns - 535, heavy machine guns - 212, large-caliber - 3, anti-aircraft - 24, DP - 5, walkie-talkies - 0, 37 mm guns - 31, 45 mm - 58, 76 mm - 74, 76 mm anti-aircraft - 4, 122 mm - 14, 152 mm - 12, armored vehicles - 6, motor vehicles - 72.

By July 8, 1941, it took up defense near Porkhov at the Shakhnovo-Zhiglevo line, entered into battles with enemy reconnaissance units, and from July 9, 1941 - with the main units.

With the outbreak of hostilities, the division experienced mass desertions and defections to the enemy.

“A significant part of the Estonian commanders and Red Army soldiers went over to the side of the Germans. There is enmity and distrust of Estonians among the fighters.”

However, one should not a priori classify any Estonian as a defector; a sufficient number fought with dignity against the German troops.

By July 11, 1941, the division was forced to leave Porkhov, crossed to the eastern bank of the Shelon, retreating to the Dno, and was again attacked by the enemy south of the Dno on July 18, 1941, after which the division retreated towards Staraya Russa.

By July 28, 1941, the division retreated to the area northwest of Staraya Russa, where it was almost immediately attacked. Conducts fierce battles on the northern approaches to Staraya Russa, in particular for the village of Nagovo, after which the division retreated to the area of ​​​​Senobaza and Dubovits. To the left of the division the 254th Infantry Division was fighting. Particularly difficult battles in the division's zone took place on August 4, 1941, when the division's defenses were broken through, and on August 8, 1941, when the division was forced to retreat beyond Staraya Russa and further east to the Parfino region, crossing the Lovat River on August 13, 1941

Counterattacks in the area of ​​Staraya Russa, Kholm (1941)

The division went on the offensive from the Parfino area on August 15, 1941, crossed Lovat on August 15, 1941, fought in Staraya Russa on August 17, 1941, liberating most of the city with other units, but was forced to leave the city on August 20-21, 1941, 22 August 1941, having again crossed to the eastern bank of Lovat and by that time having lost up to 60% of its personnel in battles.

Leaving Staraya Russa, the division retreated to the village of Dubrovy on the Kolpinka River east of Lake Peipus, where in the former Polava region at the border of the villages of Bolshoye Volosko - Bykovo - Navelye - Kulakovo - Dreglo - Shkvarets - Pustynka, it took up defense. On August 29-31, 1941, she fought with the enemy, who was striving for the Novgorod-Valdai highway and managed to stop the enemy troops. In that place there now stands an obelisk with the inscription: “At this line, the soldiers of the 180th Infantry Division stopped the advance of the Nazi troops on August 31.”

After this, the division is located approximately on the same lines, occupying a line 40-45 kilometers long and waging constant private battles, so, on September 26, 1941, it was fighting on the line: Bolshoye Volosko, Kulakovo, Dreglo, Tsyblovo, Gorodok, Lutovnya.

Demyansk offensive operation (1942)

On January 7, 1941, it went on the offensive during the Demyansk offensive operation. In the offensive, the division was supported by the 29th separate ski battalion, 30th separate ski battalion, 150th separate tank battalion, 246th corps artillery regiment and 614th corps artillery regiment; from the rear it attacked the fortified point of the 290th infantry division Yuryevo on the shore of Lovat, then continued the attack on Parfino and Pola. Having reached Parfino with all its equipment through impassable swamps, only by February 9, 1942, the division, together with the 254th Infantry Division, liberated Parfino, and on February 23, 1942, Pola, then continued the offensive.

On March 25, 1942, the division was hastily, on a 100-kilometer march, transferred to the Redya River line, where it repelled the desperate attacks of German troops in the area of ​​​​the villages of Malye and Bolshie Gorby

2. Full name

180th Rifle Division

3. Composition

• 21st Infantry Regiment
• 42nd Infantry Regiment
• 86th Infantry Regiment
• 627th Artillery Regiment
• 629th Howitzer Artillery Regiment (until 10/04/1941)
• 15th separate anti-tank fighter division
• 321st anti-aircraft battery (150th separate anti-aircraft artillery division)
• 90th reconnaissance company (90th reconnaissance battalion)
• 33rd Engineer Battalion
• 137th separate communications battalion
• 9th Medical Battalion
• 182nd separate chemical defense company
• 383rd Motor Transport Company (until 10.10.1941 383rd Motor Transport Battalion)
• 440th field bakery
• 46th Divisional Veterinary Hospital
• 787th Field Postal Station
• 467th field cash desk of the State Bank

4. Submission

5. Commanders

• Missan, Ivan Ilyich (06/03/1941 - 05/03/1942), colonel

6. Interesting facts

• In the fall of 1992, nearby in the Demyansky district, searchers found a buried safe in which the battle banner of the 86th Infantry Regiment was discovered - one of only three such post-war finds.

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/16/11 20:52:19
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Combat composition of the 180th Infantry Division (I f):
21st Infantry Regiment
42nd Infantry Regiment
86th Infantry Regiment
627th Artillery Regiment
629th Howitzer Artillery Regiment (until 10/04/1941)
15th separate anti-tank fighter division
321st anti-aircraft battery (150th separate anti-aircraft artillery division)
90th reconnaissance company (90th reconnaissance battalion)
33rd Engineer Battalion
137th separate communications battalion
9th Medical Battalion
182nd separate chemical defense company
383rd Motor Transport Company (until 10.10.1941 383rd Motor Transport Battalion)
440th field bakery
46th Divisional Veterinary Hospital
787th Field Postal Station
467th field cash desk of the State Bank

The 180th Infantry Division (I f) was formed in August-September 1940, after the annexation of Estonia to the USSR, as part of the 22nd Rifle Corps on the basis of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions of the Estonian People's Army. The division's personnel remained in the uniform of the Estonian army, but with Soviet insignia. It must be borne in mind that until December 31, 1939, there was another 180th Infantry Division, on the basis of which, in particular, the Yeletsk and Oryol infantry schools were created.
In the active army during the Great Patriotic War from June 22, 1941 to May 3, 1942.
On June 22, 1941, it was stationed in Võru and Petseri, but did not take part in the border battle.
From July 1, 1941, it was transferred by rail to Porkhov; from July 2, 1941, it was concentrated in the Porkhov area; on July 3, 1941, three echelons of the division arrived; there were 9 echelons on the way.
180 RIFLE DIVISION (28 Guards SD).
OPERATIONAL REPORTS.
Fund 1110, inventory 1, file 7.
OS No. 022. 07/06/41. 19.00. Shtadiv 180, Naverezhye. To 100,000 and 50,000.
1. The division is approaching the defensive zone.
2. 1/21 joint venture is on the march and by 24.00 07/06/41. concentrated in the reserve division in the Trubetskovo district. The remaining units have not yet arrived from Staraya Russa.
3. 42 joint venture with 6 LAP guns is ready for defense from 16.00 07/06/41. on the Shakhnovo site, lake. Beloe, lake Luchno.
4. 3/86 SP with 2 LAP guns 15.30 07/06/41. passed Naverezhye and is approaching the defensive area (claim) of the lake. Beloe, Vybor, Veska, lake. Chernozerye.
5. 8 guns of 627 LAP are located at the location of 42 and 86 joint ventures.
6. 15 ODPTO occupied the OP in the north-east. and southeast shores of the lake Naverezhskoye, covering the high district. 260.1, Naverezhye.
7. 157 OBS and 33 OSB are concentrated in the forest 700 m southwest. Naverezhye.
8. 90 ORB is concentrated in the forest to the southeast. Sidorkovo and from 15.30 conducts reconnaissance in the direction of Nazimovo.
OS No. 023. 07.07.41 19.00. Shtadiv 180, Naverezhye. To 100,000.
1. The division concentrates and occupies a new defensive line.
2. 1/21 JV at 12.30 left the Trubetskovo district and moved to the Podberezye district. 2/21 SP unloaded at the station. Porkhov, from where it proceeds in marching order to the Podberezye district.
3. 42 joint venture with 6 guns of 627 LAP organizes defense in the Shakhnovo, Bukhara sector.
4. 3/86 SP with 2 guns 627 LAP and one PA platoon at 15.30 07/07/41. set out from the Veska district and follows marching order to the Makhnovka district. Two PA platoons at 11.05 07.07.41. set out from the Naverezhye district to the Podberezhye district.
5. 150 BACK 07/07/41 arrived at the station Porkhov, where he unloaded and concentrated in the forest 4 km southwest. Art. Porkhov. The division is transferred in marching order to the Medvedkovo district.
6. The army headquarters is located in the forest 6 km east. Naverezhye. Units of the 21st MK were on the march and 07/07/41. by 13.00 they concentrated in Kashino, Usadishche.
The task of the 21st MK was to finally throw the pr-ka from the state borders, with a blow in the direction of the Houses.
In the district of Vybor, Yakovlevskoye, 331 OSB intensively carried out defensive work with the local population.
07/08/41 Units of the division came into contact with the pr-com. The 42nd joint venture on its left flank is fighting with pr.
OS No. 26. 07/09/41 18.50. Stand 180, forest west. Zakryuchye.
1. The division is fighting with the pr-com at the front: Sorokino, Kuprovo, Repshino, Kurtsovo, Sidorovka, Molofeyevka.
2. 2/42 SP on the front of Shakhnovo, Demidy, Trofimovo, the pr-k is passive. 3/42 SP 6.00 07/09/41 attacked by the pr-com and by 12.00 withdrew the left flank, at 17.00 the onslaught of the pr-com increases.
3. 386 SP from 5.00 07/09/41. retreated to the districts of Kiselevo, Rozhnevo, put in order.
4. 1 and 3 21 SP from 12.30 was sent to a counterattack in the direction of Makhnovka. By 15.00, units of the 21st joint venture reached: Tyaglitsy, high. 213.3. At 17.00 from Sorokino district, high. 203.0 pr-to tanks attacked 21 joint venture in the north-west direction. end of the lake Luchno. 21st joint venture retreats to the north-east. in the Repshino district, being put in order for a second attack on Makhnovka.
5. 2/21 joint venture in reserve, concentrated in Kiselevo.
6. PTD in reserve, in the western forest region. Zakryuchye.
7. BACK to the OP in the Medvedkovo district, high. 254.5.
8. OBS in the western forest region. Zakryuchye.
9. OSB in the western forest region. Zakryuchye.
10. ORB in the region of high. 260.1.
10-15.07.41 Units of the division occupy a defensive sector, according to the order, Stadiv moves to Dubnik in the western forest. Ostrovno at 13.00 07/03/41
16-17.07.41 1. Advance detachment 42 Sp 9.30 07/17/41 was in Long Field, from where reconnaissance was sent to Kamenka. The task of the detachment is to go to the Kamenka district and take up the northern defense. Kamenka.
2. Advance detachment 21 joint venture 7.30 07.17.41. occupied Gasteny and with three companies in the 1st echelon defends the front to the north. Opposite him on the southern shore of the lake there is a pr-k with which fire is being exchanged.
18.07. - 02.08.41 There are no operational reports.
Fund 357, inventory 5971, file 13.
Sheet 34. OS. 07/30/41 Shtapolk 28 Kreksha village. To 1:50000.
07/22/41 The regiment was assigned to the 180th SD.
At 8.00 the regiment reached the village of Gorki, where it immediately entered the battle. Regimental commander Major Sherazadshvili was killed. The regiment lost 60 people killed and wounded. The battle lasted from 8.00 to 20.00. At 21.00 the regiment reached the village of Tsivilevo and took up defensive positions. 07/24/41 marched in Tsivilevo, Voln. Dubravy, Retno, Kamenka, Zapolye, Gorodishche. Battle in the Gorodishche region. The regiment retreated to the Retno district. This loss includes 30 people. Near Retno 20 people. 40 people were also killed. wounded. Free Dubravy retreated. In the Zhgutikha district there are 7 people. 15 people were also killed. wounded, retreated in the direction of the Red October complex. Losses in the battle: 25 people were killed, 45 people were wounded. Concentrated in the village of Kreksha.
Fund 1110, inventory 1, file 7.
OS No. 37. 08/03/41. 15.00. Shtadiv 180, Muravyevo. To 100,000.
1. Division with two regiments 21 and 86 Sp on the night of 08/03/41. replaced the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 936th joint venture, 42th joint venture, in the second echelon continues to strengthen the cut-off positions in the southern sector. env. Bokochino, Bol. Orekhovo, exclusively by accident.
2. 21 SP strengthened in the area at elevation. 59.1, Khutynka. Exclusively elev. 50.4, 51.1 86 SP fortified on the Gruzovo section, railway, which is 1.5 km south. Elevation 45.9, High. Lipovets.
42 joint venture in the second echelon took positions in the south. env. Bokochino, Bol. Orekhovo.
4. GAP in the Vys district. Lipovets, Sarai, north-east. 1 km Alt. Lipovets.
5. PAWS - elev. 46.0, which is east. Dubrovka and further in the region of the Kreksha River, in the southwest. Petrukhnovo 1.5 km.
7. VET in forest positions north-west. 1.5 km Kreksha.
8. stand 180 from 1.00 03.08.41. in Muravyevo.
OS No. 39. 04.08.41 15.00. Shtadiv 180, Muravyevo. To 100,000.
1. The division defends with 2 regiments (21 joint venture and 86 joint venture) in the Petrukhnovo, Gruzovo sector, 1 km north. Elevation 38.2 and High. Lipovets. 42 Sp without the 1st battalion in the second echelon defends the Bokochino district.
2. 21st joint venture defends the area at elevation. 42.4, bushes, that zap. 1 km Alt. Lipovets and Vys. Lipovets.
3. 86 joint venture defends the northern district. Gruzovo, 1 km Gruzovo junction of roads north. Elevation 38.2.
4. 42 joint ventures without 1 battalion defended the Bokochino district and the crossroads of roads in the region of elevation. 37.2, which is north. 1 km Empty Chernets. From 13.30 he went on the offensive on the front of Nagovo, Lyadiny, Pustoy Chernets.
5. Headquarters 180 in Muravyevo.
5-12.08.41 There are no operational reports.
DB No. 1. 08/13/41 19.40. Shtadiv 180, north. Mukhino 1 km. To 100,000.
1. By 21.30 08/13/41. I am taking up defensive positions in the area you indicated:
a) 21 joint venture - section of the railway bridge (claim) Konyukhov, (claim) Mukhino, consisting of 50 people.
b) 86 SP - Mukhino. Island, Ghanaians consisting of 62 people.
13-15.08.41 There are no operational reports in the case.
08/16/41 The pr-k retreated in the direction of Staraya Russa, offering resistance in small groups.
2. By 20.00, the 180th joint venture captured the line of Lipovitsa, Nov. Lipovitsy, Goroshkovo.
3. The division commander decided to capture Staraya Russa during the night and reach the 2 km north line. and north-west Staraya Russa.
17-18.08.41 There are no operational reports in the case.
08/19/41 Units 259 (or 254?) SD during the day of 08/19/41. continued to complete the assigned task. 936 Sp tried to cross the river three times during the day. Polist in the Kocherinovo region, but each time was thrown back to its original position (losses of 35 people)
08/19/41 There are no operational reports of 180 SD in the case.
DB No. 21. 08.20.41 19.00. Stadiv 180, 2 km southwest. Lipovitsy. To 100,000.
1. The pr-k stubbornly defends well-fortified bunkers to the west. bank of the river Porusya and r. Travel to Staraya Russa.
2. Advancement of 28 joint ventures and 21 joint ventures to the river. Polist. The division's position did not change and attempts to advance were unsuccessful.
3. To the right, to the north. There are no parts of the city, which is why the avenue flanks the banks of the river. Polist.
285 SP lies to the east. outskirts of Staraya Russa.
21-25.08.41 There are no operational reports in the case.
08/26/41 180 SD occupies defense in the east. bank of the river Lovat, on the front of the lake. Sitnoe, (lawsuit) Messengers. Division CP - forest east. 1 km Zaostrovye.

A memorial sign at the site of the battles of the 180th Infantry Division.

27.08. - 3.09.41 There are no operational reports in the case.
04.09.41 180 SD, moving from 6.00 09/04/41. on the offensive, fighting at the line from the river. Kolpinka (700 m north. Bol. Volosko), Zapolye, north. outskirts of Derglo. CP - 500 m east. Olisovo.

5-8.09.41 There are no operational reports.
09.09.41 From this date, the 180th SD comes under the operational subordination of the Novgorod Army. groups. The basis is a cipher telegram from the commander of the 11th Army No. 1224.
OS No. 43. 09.10.41 11.00. Station 180, forest 1.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. 180 SD, completing the assigned task, by 11.00 10.09.41. holds the border of the lake. Babie, Krutets, edge of the forest 1 km north. Tarakanovo, Gostovets, Veretye ​​(south).
2. 140 SP by 11.00 09/10/41. holds the lake Babiye, elev. 18.2, in front of the regiment's front in the Bol region. Volosko, Mal. A hair's breadth to the infantry ave. For 09.09.41 the regiment had no losses.
3. 21 SP at 11.45 09.09.41. under the pressure of superior forces, the pr-ka left Zapolye and by 11.00 on September 10, 1941. holds 1 km north. Zapolye, Krutets. Losses for 09/09/41: 5 people were killed, 14 people were wounded.
4. 42 SP by 11.00 09/10/41. holds (claim) Krutets. edge of the forest 1 km north. Tarakanovo. In front of the regiment's front in the Dreglovo and Tarakanovo districts.


5. The combined company, 1 SR 140 SP and OPTD divisions hold Gostovets, Veretye, Mal. Butchers. Up to two companies of infantry, reinforced with mortars, defend Tsyblovo, Sopki, and Gorodok.
6. 41 SP from 16.00 09.09.41. defends the area of ​​Stary Dvor, Bor, Bol. Buchki, Pavlovo, Kolihovo, having: 3 SB in the Star district. Dvor, Konstantinovo, Viliny; 2 SB in the district (isk.) Konstantinovo, Pokrovskoe (northern), Podborovye; 1st SB - in the second echelon of the regiment, northern forest. Terebusha.
7. S 119 ORB 128 SD, 1/155 canvas. regiment, 34 MTSP.
8. KSD checkpoint - forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern).
11-22.09.41 180 SD maintains the same level. (Maps - l. 64, 67).
OS No. 22. 09.22.41 24.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoe. To 100,000.
1. 180 SD occupies the line (claim) of the lake. Babiye, elev. 18.2, Zapolye, Krutets, edge of the forest 1 km north. Tarakanovo, Gostovets, Veretye ​​(south), Yazvische, Mal. Butchers, improving the line of defense.
During the day the pr-k showed no activity. at 10.30 there was a 2-minute art-min. fire on the Ryabutki - Gostovets district.
2. 140 SP occupies and improves the previous defense area.
3. 21 SP on the night from 21 to 22.0941. occupied Zapolye. In the rest of the defense sector, it occupies the same position and continues to strengthen the defense sector.
4. 42 joint venture takes its previous position and continues to strengthen the defense sector.
5. Combined battalion, 1st SR 140 SP, 1st and 2nd companies 41 SP, PTD defends the line: Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische, Mal. Butchers.
6. 41 SP (without 1 SB) occupies its previous position and continues to improve its defense sector.
7. 3 SR 41 SP occupies the defense line along the shore of the lake. Ilmen from the river Break before Zaitsa.
8. 1/155 CP occupies defense along the shore of the lake. Ilmen from the lake Deaf to Palmino.
12. KSD checkpoint in the same place.
DB No. 27. 09.23.41 10.10. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoe (south). To 100,000.
1. The pr-k in front of the front did not show much activity during the day. at 10.30 09/22/41 led art.-min. fire in the Gostovets district, Veretye. At 6.00 09/23/41. led the bullets. and min. shelling at section 42 SP. During the night he conducted reconnaissance in small groups.
2. 180 SP by 10.00 09/23/41. occupies the previous line of defense and continues to strengthen the defensive line:
a) 140 SP - (claim) lake. Babiye, elev. 18.2.
b) 21 joint ventures, occupying 09/22/41. Zapolye, defends (claim) elev. 18.2, Zapolye, Krutets.
c) 42 joint venture occupies (claim) Krutets, edge of the forest 1 km north. Tarakanovo.
d) The combined battalion (1 SR 140 SP, 1 and 2 41 SP, PTD) defend Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische, Mal. Butchers.
e) 41 joint venture occupies the Old Dvor, Drovni.
f) 3 SR 41 SP occupies defense along the shore of the lake. Ilmen from Pererv to Zaitsa.
g) 1/155 canvas. The regiment defends the shore of the lake. Ilmen from the lake Deaf to Palmino.
3. Artillery - GAP at the OP in the forest to the west. Pokrovskoe.
4. KSD control center in the same place.
DB No. 60. 09.24.41 12.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoe. To 100,000.
2. 180 SD, striking with its left flank, at 5.30 went on the offensive on the front (claim) Lake. Babie, Zapolye, Krutets, Gostovets, Veretye, Bol. Myasnitsy, by 12.00 captured the following units:
a) 140 Sp, having the task of attacking in the direction of Bol. Volosko, Sorokino, Antipovo, north. river bank Katinka, north Bol. Volosko.
b) 21st joint venture, having the task of attacking in the direction of Zapolye, Kulakovo, Manuylovo, is fighting 400 m north. Navellie, Kulakovo.
c) 42 SP, having the task of advancing in the direction of Tarakanovo, Luchki, Shcheglovo, captured the first line of trenches of the northern avenue. Tarakanovo and is fighting.
d) 41 joint venture, having the task of attacking in the direction of Lutovnya, Shkvarets, Ryabnikovo, Bol. Yablonovo, fighting to the north. outskirts of Sopka, north. env. Town, 1 km south. Elevation 66.6.
e) 1 SR 41 SP and 1 SR 140 SP - KSD reserve, having the task of occupying the same position at the beginning of the offensive.
e) 3 SR 41 SP and 1/155 canvas. the shelf is in its original position.
3. KSP KSP - in the same place.
OS No. 24. 09.25.41 14.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. 180 SD by 14.00 09/25/41. continues to fight on the northern line. river bank Kolpinka north Bol. Volosko, 0.5 km north. Bykovo, Kulakovo, 0.5 km north. Tarakanovo, Gostovets, south. outskirts of Sopka, northern and north-east env. Town, high. from elevation 64.8. The pr-k offers stubborn resistance to fire.
2. 140 SP is fighting in the north. bank of the river Kolpinka, north Bol. Volosko.
3. 21st joint venture is fighting 0.5 km north. Kulakovo, Navelye, Bykovo.
4. 42 joint venture is fighting 0.5 km north. Tarakanovo.
5. 41st joint venture is fighting in the south. env. Sopka, north and north-east env. Town, high. from elevation 64.8.
8. The checkpoint is in the same place. (Map - l. 76).
OS No. 25. 09.26.41 14.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoe. To 100,000.
1. Carrying out the assigned task, 180 SD by 14.00 09/26/41. fights on the line: Bol. Volosko, Kulakovo, Dreglo, Tsyblovo, Gorodok, Lutovnya.
2. 140 SP met stubborn resistance from Bol. and Mal. Volosko, had no success and is fighting at the turn of the river. Kolpinka.
3. 21st joint venture is fighting in the region of Kulakovo, Bykovo, where it met strong resistance from the pr-ka and is fighting at the turn of 1 km south. Zapolye.
4. 42nd joint venture is fighting in the Dreglo region, Tarakanovo, under the influence of strong resistance, is fighting at the line 500 m north. Dreglo.
5. 41st joint venture is fighting at the line Tsyblovo, Gorodok, Lutovnya, where it met stubborn resistance and reached the line: mark. 43.1, north. Tsyblovo, Sopik, forest edge north-east. Town and elevation 64.8, his left flank battalion reached the heights. 71.4, which is south of Lutovnya.
8. KSD checkpoint in the same place.


27.09. - 03.10.41 There are no operational reports in the case.
04.10.41 The 180th SD by 24.00 occupied its previous position and was preparing for a night attack from 2.00 on 10/05/41.
OS No. 30. 05.10.41. 24.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. 180 SD, completing the assigned task of the day, by 24.00 05.10.41. is fighting on the northern line. river bank Kolpinskoe north. Bol. Volosko, 0.5 km north. Bykovo and Kulakovo, 0.5 km north. Tarakanovo, north-east outskirts of Gorodok, northern and southeast env. Lutovnya. The pr-k in front of the division's front offered stubborn resistance to the artillery-min. and bullets. fire and counterattacks were the task of units of the 180th SD on the night of 5/6/10/41. - former.
2. 86 SP, during the day trying to master Bol. and Mal. Volosko had no success and by 24.00 he was fighting to the north. bank of the river Kolpinka. The combined company of the regiment, bypassing Bol. and Mal. Hair with zap. with the task of attacking from the south to capture Mal. Volosko, by 24.00 reached the forest 1/4 km southwest. Small Volosko.
Regimental losses: 6 people killed, 16 people wounded.
3. 21st joint venture, during the day trying to capture Bykovo, Navelye, Kulakovo, had no success and by 24.00 was fighting 1/2 km north. Bykovo, Kulakovo. Regimental losses: 5 killed, 14 wounded.
4. The 42nd joint venture, as a result of a daytime battle, reached the northern flank with its left flank. and north-west the edges of the forest between Dreglo and Luchki and captured one bunker and three line trenches of the pr-ka, had no further success and by 24.00 was fighting, gaining a foothold at the achieved line. Regimental losses: killed - 9, wounded - 76.
5. 41st joint venture, during the day trying to capture Sopki, Gorodok, Lutovnya, repelling 7 counterattacks from the district of Gorodok, Babki, had no success, by 24.00 he was fighting: 1st SB - northern. and north-east outskirts of Gorodok and forest to the south; 2 SB - (claimed) road (3638a), elev. 64.8; 3 Sat - mark. 64.8, elev. 71.4. Regimental losses: 3 killed, 37 wounded.
6-8.10.41 180 SD continues to fulfill its task. He has no success in advancing; he is fighting at the northern line. river bank Kolpinka, 1/2 km north. Bol. Volosko, 0.5 km north. Bykovo and Kulakovo, 0.5 km north. Tarakanovo, north. and north-east env. Town, north and southeast env. Lutovnya. (Map - l. 102).


9-12.10.41 Position of units of 180 SD at 14.00 on 10/12/41. former.
DB No. 70. 10/13/41. 9.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. Pr-k from 2.20 to 3.15 led art. fire on the district 21 and 42 SP and bullets. fire on district 86 SP.
2. 86 SP finished shift 21 SP at 4.30 and occupied the defense sector: north-west forest. Bol. Volosko, (law) Luchki, began engineering strengthening and equipment of his site.
3. 21st joint venture, shift 42nd joint venture finished at 7.00 and occupied the area from Luchka to Gostovets, is strengthening and equipping the area.
4. 42 SP did not finish shift 41 SP due to daylight hours.
5. 41 joint ventures occupy the same level. The shift of the 21st joint venture is disrupted by the approach of dawn and bullets. fire (Map - l. 128, 143.)
14-27.10.41 Units of the 180th SD occupy the previous line of defense, conduct reconnaissance of the avenue, and strengthen their lines.
DB No. 103. 10.28.41. 18.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. With the force of one company, with the support of 3 mortars and machine guns, at 14.00, the 9th SR 42nd SP attacked in the Pustynka region and captured Pustynka. During the day there was a rare art-min. shelling of 42 joint ventures from Babka, Gorodok and art. shelling of the 86th and 21st joint ventures from the Manuylovo region.
2. In the rest of the area, units of 180 SD occupy their previous position and are working to improve the defense areas.
28.10. - 01.11.41 Units of the 180th SD occupy the previous line of defense.
DB No. 112. 02.11.41. 9.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. The pr-k showed no activity.
2. Units of the division occupy the defense line: Tisva stream, west. edge of the forest eastern lake Babiye, sitting along the edge of the forest. R. Volozha, edge of the forest. Zapolye, according to app. bank of the river Volozha, 0.5 km north. Dreglo, Tarakanovo, Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische Bol. and Mal. Myasnitsy, elev. 64 (northern Lutovnya), elevation. 71.4 (southern Lutovnya).
To ensure the junction of the neighbor on the left, 9 SR 42 SP was sent to the Pustynka district. To protect the east. coast of the lake Ilmen was sent 9 SR 21 SP to the area from the lake. Voitsy, shore of the lake. Ilmen, Khvoshchino, Palmino. To fight and destroy the landings of the pr-ka, a platoon of 86 joint ventures was sent to the Vdal district.
Reserve KSD - 2/21 SP is located in the Bor region, Mal. Butchki, (lawsuit) Podborovye.
(Map - l. 215, 237, 253, diagram - l. 259).
3-10.11.41 Units of 180 SD occupy the same defensive line. Lead by Eng. work and reconnaissance of the pr-ka in front of the division front.
11/11/41 180 SD occupies defense at the line: (claim) forest north-west. Bol. Volosko, Zapolye, edge of the forest. Tarakanovo, Gostovets, Yazvische, elev. 64.8, high. 71.4, Pustynka. (Map - l. 435, 436.)
12.11. - 12/29/41 Units of the division defend the line: western. forest edge north-east Bol. Volosko, r. Volozha, Zapolye, Krutets, Ivashevo, edge of the forest 1.5 km north. Dreglo, Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische.
30-31.12.41 Units of 180 SD occupy the same defensive line.
D village. Kushevery Krestetsky district. Monument to the soldiers who died in the medical battalion of the 180th Infantry Division.




Fund 1110, inventory 1, file 20.
OS No. 01. 01/01/42. 4.00. Station 180, forest 0.5 km north-west. Pokrovskoye (northern). To 100,000.
1. Units of the division defend the line: western. forest edge north-east Bol. Volosko, r. Volozha, Zapolye, Krutets, Ivashevo, edge of the forest 1.5 km north. Dreglo, Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische.
3. 86 joint venture defends the line: zap. forest edge north-east Bol. Volosko, r. Volozha, Zapolye, Krutets, Ivashevo. The regiment conducts reconnaissance in the direction of Tulitovo. Bol. Volosko, Bykovo. Regimental losses: 17 people were wounded.
4. 42 joint venture defends the line: edge of the forest 1.5 km north. Dreglo, Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische, (lawsuit) Myasnitsy. KSP KSP - forest 1.5 km north-east. Veretye ​​(northern). The regiment conducts reconnaissance in the direction of Tsyblovo. The regiment has no losses.
5. 21 joint ventures are concentrated in the Bol region. Tisva, Mezhniki. KP KSP - Mezhniki. Regiment losses - 5 people. wounded.
6. 627 AP - at the previous OP.
7. 33 OSB - 1 sapr. carries out mine clearance in the region of Rostani, Suchki, clearing roads from snow in the region of Lohini - Lazhiny. 2nd Sappr. - protection of minefields in the Bor-Pavlovo region, reconnaissance of the front edge of the avenue in the Tsyblovo region; 3rd Sappr. - protection of minefields in the Gostizha - Kushevery - Gorka region.
8. Barrier. The division's detachment is located in Palmino.
9. Will destroy. The detachment is located in the village of Mayata.
10 min. The division is located in the Kocheshino district.
13. KSD control center - in the same place.
2-13.01.42 Units of the division occupy the previous line of defense. They are fighting with the enemy.
DB No. 09. 01/14/42. 8.00. Shtadiv 180, forest 3 km north. Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. During the night the pr-k offered stubborn resistance to 21 SP, 29 and 30 LB, advancing in the direction of Parfino with the task of capturing the latter.
2. 3/86 SP occupies defense in the east. on the outskirts of the Parfinsky Sleeping Plant. pr-k is led by art. fire on the defense from the forest area to the east. Konyukhovo and min. fire from the Fanern region. z-d.
3. 21 SP with 29 and 30 LB concentrated bushes that sowing. Parfino 1 km. The regiment fought from 17.00 to 8.30 to capture Parfino. The attack repeated three times was unsuccessful. The regiment, having suffered heavy losses, withdrew.
4. Yuryevo, Berezitsko, Sloboda are defended by 2 battalions of 86 joint ventures.
5. Barrier. division detachment - Yuryevo.
6. Art. regiment - at the previous OP. Fired at KSP statements.
7. 70 LB without 3 SR is located in the division command post area.
9. Division command post - forest 3 km north. Yuryevo.
OS No. 15. 01/15/42 16.00. Shtadiv 180, forest 3 km north. Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. 21st joint venture - the advanced units of the regiment passed Ivankovo, the Anishino platform, continue to move in the direction of Kiev, Kryukovo; 2 Sat - on the move to Sychevo.
2. 3/86 joint venture with 29 LB defend the area of ​​the Parfinsky Sleeping Plant. 2/86 SP at 15.00 completed the delivery of the defense sector to 33 OSB and Himrota SD. The battalion is on the move in the Parfino district.
3. 42 joint venture carries out active defense of the area: forest north-east. 2 km Bol. Volosko, Zapolye, Ivashevo, Gostovets, Veretye, Yazvische, Myasnitsy. The regiment is preparing one page battalion for the KSD location.
5. 627 AP - at the previous firing positions.
6. 33 OSB, together with the chemical company of the division, defends the area: Sloboda, Berezitsko, Yuryevo, o. Sakhalin.
7. Barrier. The division detachment is located in the village of Yuryevo. fighter squad - Berezitsko.
16-18.01.42 180 SD occupies the same line of defense and continues to carry out its assigned task of pinning down and harassing the pr-ka in its sector of defense.
01/19/42 The division, with part of its forces, continues to carry out the assigned task of encircling and destroying the 290th Infantry Division, while pinning it down in the Bol sector. Volosko, Gorodok 42 SP.
20-22.01.42 180 SD occupies the same position.
01/23/42 The division carries out the same task, inflicting defeats on the 290th Infantry Division from the rear in the Pola region.
24-29.01.42 The division occupies its previous position.
DB No. 35. 01/30/42. 20.00. Shtadiv 180, forest 3 km north. Yuryevo. To 100,000.
2. The division, in cooperation with the 52nd and 74th Guards SB, continues to fulfill the assigned task of destroying units of the 290th Infantry Division.
3. Units of the division by 20.00 occupy the position:
a) 2/21 SP at 17.30 replaced units of the 7th GV SD, moving to the Shpalozavod district. 1 and 3/21 JV occupies the former district: Shpalozavod, art. Parfino, north-west forest Parfino 400 m.
b) 42 SP (without 1 SB) continued to fulfill the assigned task of attacking Bol. Volosko, as a result the regiment was not successful.
Regimental losses: about 120 people were killed and wounded.
c) 86 SP with 29 LB, in cooperation with a partisan detachment, occupies the line: western. river bank Pola, Home for the Invalids, railway bridge, Dubki, with the task of mastering Pola. In the region of Pola, according to the testimony of the prisoner, there is a garrison of up to 200 people, up to 4 machine guns, up to 3 mortars, one 75 mm cannon. According to the partisans, the convoys of the avenue are moving in the direction from Pola to Topolevo.
A group of reconnaissance officers, sent to communicate with the 254th SD, returned and reported: the 254th SD had left the occupied region, units of the 202nd SD were fighting on its line.
d) 1/42 SP at 8.30 was placed at the disposal of 52 GV SB for reinforcement.
e) 52 GV SB with 1/42 SP holds the agricultural Khmelevo (north), continues to move between Shchekotets and the settlement in the direction of Lukino.
f) 74th Guards SB, having no success in the attack for the capture of Tulitovo, retreated to the north-west. on the coast of the river Pola, one of the battalions of the 74th Guards SB, moving around Tulitovo from the west, reached the location of the 52nd Guards SB, from which it continues to move, fulfilling the assigned task.
g) 33 OSB, barrier. the detachment and school of junior commanders occupies the defense district: Sloboda, Yuryevo, senopunkt and zap. coast of the river Vergot to the bend of the river that is sowing. 2 km of the confluence of the Lovat and Vergot rivers.
3) 627 AP - at the previous OP.
j) Intelligence. The company is conducting reconnaissance in two groups in the Lukino, Shchechkovo, and Manuylovo districts.
31.01. - 02/01/42 Units of the division continue to carry out the assigned task of destroying 290 infantry fighting vehicles.
2-4.02.42 180 SD - position unchanged.
OS No. 44. 02/05/42. 16.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. Units of the division 02/05/42. at 9.00 they received a combat order to go on the offensive with the task of capturing: Parfino, Parfinskaya Luka, Zaklinye, Selivanovo, Zaostrovye, Pola.
2. The ship stubbornly holds on to the occupied line, launching counterattacks.
3. Position of division units by 16.00 02/05/42:
a) 1 and 3/21 SP - the same position. pr-k puts up stubborn resistance to the advance of units, conducts intense fire, units lie down. KSP KSP - forest 3 km north-west. Parfino.
b) 86 SP with 29 LB - the situation is the same. The combined battalions of the 86 joint venture are concentrated 300-400 m south. Borki, the offensive is delayed.
c) 52 GV SB occupies the district: Dubki, Home for the Invalids with the task of capturing and destroying the avenue in Karavashka. The next task is to master Paul. The offensive is delayed until the artillery arrives.
KP KSP - forest north-west. 2 km Home for the Invalids.
d) 42 SP (without 1 SB) occupies the same district: (claim) Bol. Volosko, r. Volozha, Gostovets, Yazvische. in the region of Bol. and Mal. Volosko has an all-round defense of the avenue; the attacks undertaken were repulsed by bullets. and art. fire.
The paths connecting the battalions with the regiment are cut off by the pr-k, the pr-k is trying to completely surround the advanced units of the regiment.
Regimental losses: 25 people were killed, 41 people were wounded.
e) 33 OSB with separate units of the 52 GV SB under the command of Major Popov, operating in the direction of Parfino, captured Zaklinye at 14.30.
f) The division's fighter detachment with two battalions 878 AP and two batteries 627 AP occupies the district: Sloboda, (claim) Selivanovo. at 15.00 they captured Selivanovo and continued to move to Zaostrovye.
g) 1/42 joint venture continues to blockade Shchekotets, Medvedkovo.
h) The junior command school is defending the former district.
4. The division's chemical defense company is located in the agricultural Khmelevo.
7. KSD checkpoint - Yuryevo.
DB No. 39. 02/06/42. 8.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. pr-k continues to hold settlements along the river. Lovat - Parfino, Mukhino and along the river. Pola - Tulitovo, Pola, Bol. and Mal. The hair provides stubborn resistance.
2. Units of the division continue to carry out their assigned task, destroying the pr-ka in populated areas along the river. Seize and firmly hold their position in other sectors of the division's front.
3. Units of 254 SD by the end of the day 02/05/42. concentrated in the districts of Yuryevo, Anukhino, Putoborodovo, agricultural Khmelevo with the task of capturing and destroying the plant in the settlements of Parfino, Zaostrovye, Konyukhovo, Plywood Plant No. 2.
4. Position of division units by 8.00 02/06/42:
a) 21 joint venture (without 2 SB) - defense district: art. Parfino, Shpalozavod, edge of the forest in the north-west. Parfino. With the arrival of units of the 254th Infantry Division at the line: Art. Parfino, Shpalozavod - concentrate in the area of ​​the station. Parfino for action from the south to Mukhino.
b) 1st battalion 42SP occupies the same line: defends the defense district (claim) Shchekotets, Medvedkovo with the further task of blocking Shchekotets, Medvedkovo, preventing the advance of the defense from Shchekotets. Medvedkovo in the west. and southwest direction.
c) 42 SP (without 1 SB) - district: (claim) Bol. Volosko, r. Volozha with the task of firmly holding this line. KSP KSP - forest 1.5 km north-east. Bol. Volosko.
d) 52 GV SB with 86 SP occupies the district: Dubki, (claim) railway bridge, Home for the Invalids, firmly holds the district with the further task of capturing Pola and destroying the pr-ka. KSP KSP - forest 1.5 km north-east. House. disabled people.
e) 74 GV SB (without 1 SB) - the position is the same and occupies the forest area with elevation. 2.0, with the task of covering the Shchechkovo - Lukino, Lukino - Zaostrovye roads, preventing the vehicle from moving along these roads. The rest of the unit is to advance on Plywood Plant No. 2. After capturing the Plywood Plant, the brigade is subordinate to the 1st GV SK and independently proceeds to the Pola district.
f) The extermination squad occupies the Slobodka district and firmly holds it.
g) 2/52 GV SB in motion. Route: Selivanovo, Slobodka, east. agricultural Khmelevo, Rudnevo, with the task of concentrating in Rudnevo at 13.00 and then advancing on Mukhino.
h) SR/52, PR/52, MR 52 follow the route: Pustoborodovo, Yasnaya Polyana, Krasnovo, Kiev, Rudnevo, in the area of ​​the station. Parfino are placed at the disposal of the commander of the 2/52 GV SB.
j) 1/74 GV SB follows the route Selivanovo, Zaostrovye at the disposal of the 74 GV SB.
k) 33 OSB occupies the Zaklinye district and firmly holds it.
5. The division’s chemical defense company is located in the agricultural district of Khmelevo (south)
6. The school of junior commanders defends the coast of the river. Vergot from the confluence of the Vergot - Pola rivers to elevation. 20.0.
02/07/42 Units of the division did not conduct active operations during the night, defended previously occupied positions, conducted observation and reconnaissance, units on the right flank were preparing to capture and destroy the avenue in Komarovo, Mukhino, Plywood Plant.
02/08/42 Parts of the division hold the line in the region of the river. Lovat Yuryevo - Mukhino.
OS No. 50. 02/09/42. 16.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. The division continues to carry out its task of destroying units of the 290th Infantry Division, capturing successively populated areas.
2. During the day 02/09/42. pr-k is resisting the advance of our units and continues to hold settlements in front of the front of the division’s units.
3. By 16.00 02/09/42. units of the division occupy the position:
a) 21 joint ventures and 1/42 joint ventures completed the task of capturing Shchekotets, occupying the Shchekotets district and the edge of the forest in the north-east. Shchekotets, river bank Paula, that sowing. Shchekotets 400 m. They are preparing for mastering Antipovo. KP KSP - Tickler.
b) 42 SP (without 1 SB) occupies the defense line: lake. Long, r.r. Kolpinka, Volozha, Zaklinye, Krutets, Ivashevo, Gostovets, Yazvische. Separate groups of the regiment of 16-20 people. conducted reconnaissance in force in the direction of Bol. Volosko, Kulakovo, Bykovo, Gorodok.
KSP KSP - forest 1.5 km north-east. Bol. Volosko.
c) 86 joint venture with 29 LB - the location is the same. CP KSP - 1.5 km Home for the Disabled.
DB No. 46. 02/10/42. 20.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. During the day the pr-k showed stubborn resistance to the advance of our units.
2. The division continues to fulfill its assigned mission. By 20.00 units of the division occupied the position:
a) 21 SP, 1/42 SP, will destroy. and barriers A detachment of the division attacked Antipovo at 16.50 and captured it.
b) 42 SP (without 1 SB) occupies the same line. pr-k is active. From the Zapolye district he launched a counterattack, but was unsuccessful. Conducted by a disorderly art-min. fire from the Bykovo, Sorokino districts.
Regimental losses: 14 wounded. KSP KSP - forest 1.5 km east. Bol. Volosko.
c) 86 joint venture with 29 LB occupies the district: railway bridge, west. coast of the river Pola, Home for the Invalids.
KSP KSP - 1.5 km north-west. Home for the disabled.
DB No. 48. 02/11/42. 20.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. Units of the 290th PD pr-ka, showing stubborn resistance to the advance of our units during the day after the fighting, left the settlements of Lyubokhovo and Sorokino. while suffering losses in manpower and swearing. weapon parts.
2. Units of the division continue to fulfill the assigned task of destroying the 290th Infantry Division, having overcome the fire resistance of the pr-ka, they captured: at 14.00 02/11/42. - Lyubokhovo and at 18.00 02/11/42. - Sorokino.
3. By 20.00 02/11/42. units of the division occupy the position:
a) 21 SP, having occupied the Sorokino district, continues to move to Mal. Volosko with the task of capturing and destroying the pr-ka in Mal. Volosko. KSP KSP - Sorokino.
b) 42 SP (without 1 SB), fulfilling the assigned task, slowly moves forward, passed the 2nd row of wire fence.
The pr-k is led by a barrage of rifle bullets. and auto. fire. Art leads from the Bykovo district. fire.
Regimental losses: 13 killed, 25 wounded. KSP command post - the same.
c) 86 SP, 29 LB at 20.00 02/11/42. left the Pola district and are marching to the Zaostrovye district east. Parfino.
d) 33 OSB carry out work to strengthen settlements. 8 OT were built in the Anukhino district and the Khmelevo village (southern), 4 OT Pustoborodovo, carries out mining in the Lyskovo and Yasnaya Polyana districts.
d) Exterminated. The detachment concentrated near Tulitovo and straddles the roads: Tulitovo - Lyubokhovo, Tulitovo - Mal. Volosko.
f) The school of junior commanders holds the same line, preventing the advance of the pr-ka in the north-west. direction from Tulitovo.
My checkpoint is Yuryevo, the additional one is Shchekotets.
DB No. 49. 02/12/42. 10.00. Shtadiv 180, Yuryevo. To 100,000.
1. Pr-k continues to hold Bol. and Mal. Volosko and eastern locations along the river Kolpinka, creating a perimeter defense and resisting the advance of our units.
2. Units of the division carry out the assigned task of destroying the 290th Infantry Division. as a result of the battle on the night of 02/12/42. our units captured Tulitovo.
3. By 10.00, units of the division occupied the position:
a) 21st joint venture concentrated in the north with the forces of three battalions. edge of the forest to the south Small Volosko and continues to bypass from the east. sides Mal. Volosko, having the task of surrounding the latter. KP KSP - high. 28.3.
b) Exterminated. squad, reconnaissance The company, having captured Tulitovo, continues to move to Mal. Volosko with the task of mastering Western outskirts of Mal. Volosko.
c) 86 SP with 29 LB - on the march, with the task of concentrating in Shchekotets.
d) 42 SP (without 1 SB) - the position remains unchanged.
e) A barrage detachment with 2 45-mm and 2 76-mm cannons, an anti-tank rifle company, 1/42 joint venture (consisting of 2 platoons) and a sapper platoon occupies the Kraskovo-Sloboda district, creating a strong tank defensive line.
5. My control point is agricultural Khmelevo (northern), additional control point is Shchekotets.
02/12/42 By 16.00, units of the division continue to fulfill the assigned task of destroying 290 infantry fighting vehicles. During the day they attacked Mal. Volosko. At 12.00 they attacked and captured the last one.
02/12/42 by 20.00 they captured Bol. Volosko.
OS No. 54. 02/13/42. 18.00. Stand 180, elev. 28.3, south. 200 m Sorokino. To 100,000.
1. Units of the division continue to carry out the assigned task of capturing and destroying the avenue in the populated areas: Bykovo, Navelye, further to the north-east. along the river Kolpinka.
3. by 18.00 units of the division occupy the position:
a) 21 SP fulfills the assigned task in mastering the south. the outskirts of Bykovo, bypassing it from the southeast. and is concentrated in the forest 1 km southwest. Bykovo. Conducting reconnaissance in the direction of Bykovo.
Regimental losses: 24 people were killed, 22 people were wounded.
b) 42 SP continues to move in the direction of Bykovo with the task of capturing the northern. env. Bykovo. Regimental losses: 10 people were killed, 22 people were wounded.
c) 86 SP during the day replaced 929 SP and occupied the defense line: Manuylovo - Lukino. KSP KSP - Manuilovo.
d) Intelligence. The company occupies the Tulitovo district. Two groups conduct reconnaissance in force in the direction of Navellier.
d) Barrier. The detachment is located in Antipovo.
f) The division's Khimrota is located in Sorokino.
g) 29 LB is concentrated in the Zaostrovye region, eastern. Parfino.
h) The school for junior commanders occupies the defense district in the east. coast of the river Paula at Tulitovo.
4. A barrage detachment with the forces of 2 platoons, 2 anti-tank guns, 2 76 mm cannons, an anti-tank rifle company and a sapper platoon occupies the Sloboda, Kraskovo district. The detachment's command post is Sloboda.
8. KSD checkpoint - forest 200 m south. Sorokino.
02/14/42 By 16.00, the division continues to fulfill its task of destroying 290 infantry divisions, having successively captured the settlements of Bykovo, Navelye, Kulakovo, Luchki, Dreglo, Tarakanovo.
02/14/42 by 20.00 21 joint ventures and 42 joint ventures are fighting for Dubrov.
02/15/42 During the day, units of the division successively captured the settlements of Sopki, Gorodok, and Kotechki.
02/16/42 By 16.00, the 21st joint venture captured Babki and continued moving to the southeast. in the direction of Turiy Dvor. The 42nd joint venture is concentrated in the Baryshevo district, with the task of capturing and destroying the avenue in Baryshevo.
02/16/42 By 16.00 86 SP, Armenian. exterminated The detachment fought for Zaostrovye, but was unsuccessful. Leaving a barrier at Zaostrovye, the regiment's units concentrated at Bol in a roundabout way. and Mal. The Lovasitsy took control of them with a fight and firmly held them.
Exterminated. The division's detachment captured Bychkovo and continues to move to Bol. and Mal. Toloknyanets - the further task is to master Borki, Herenka.
21 SP captured the Palace, Bol. Yablonovo, the further task is to capture Seltso.
OS No. 58. 02/17/42. 6.00. Stadiv 180, forest 1.5 km north. Shchechkovo. To 100,000.
1. The division continues to fulfill its assigned task of destroying 290 infantry fighting vehicles, consistently capturing populated areas.
3. By 6.00 units of the division are in position:
a) 86 joint venture captured Zaostrovye. The regiment's units concentrated north-east. Dubki in the Baraki region, with the task of capturing Baraki, Art. Paula.
b) Arm. exterminated the detachment is fighting for oak trees.
c) 42 joint venture has captured Baryshevo, is moving forward with the task of capturing and destroying the pr-ka in Teterino, Bol. Ladyshkino.
d) 21st joint venture captured Vypolzovo during the night and is fighting for Seltso.
d) Exterminated. detachment with a reconnaissance group. companies reached the railway east. Seltso - Barracks, conducting surveillance and reconnaissance in the direction of Obsha-3.
f) The school for junior commanders occupies the defense district: south. coast of the river Pola in the district of Lukino, Shchechkovo and firmly holds.
g) Rota chem. The division's defense occupies the Bychkovo district.
h) Barrier. The detachment is concentrated in Zaostrovye.
02/17/42 By 18.00 - 86 joint venture captured Dubki at 17.00, and Flax Plant at 18.00. Conducts street battles in Baraki.
02/18/42 By 20.00, parts of the division occupied their previous position.
DB No. 56. 02.19.42 20.00. Shtadiv 180, forest 1.5 km north. Shchechkovo. To 100,000.
1. The pr-k continues to stubbornly resist and hold on to Art. Paula, Mal. Ladyshkino, Seltso, creating strong points and all-round defense in them.
2. Units of the division, in cooperation with the 26th SD, 52nd and 74th Guards SB, continue to carry out their assigned task - to encircle and destroy the remnants of the 290th Infantry Division in the Pola region.
3. by 20.00 units of the division occupied the position:
a) 86 SP with 2 SR 627 AP during the day tried to attack and capture the railway bridge across the river. Paul, the attack was unsuccessful.
KP KSP - Small. Lovasitsy, observant - Dubki.
b) 21 joint ventures from the concentration area - Flax plant led the attack from the north-east. Art. Pola on Pola, reached the southern boundary. river bank Larinka, is fighting to take possession of the north. env. Paula.
c) 42 joint venture with two guns 627 AP reached the river line during the day. Larinka North Small Ladyshkino 300 m and north. edge of the forest eastern Small Ladyshkino, is fighting for Mal. Ladyshkino. KSP KSP - Teterino.
02/20/42 At 6.00 - units of the division continued preparations throughout the night for further execution of the task of destroying the pr-ka and capturing Pole.
02/21/42 At 6.00 - 42 SP fought throughout the night for Mal. Ladyshkino. At 1.30 he captured Mal. Ladyshkino and fortified himself at the occupied line.
02/21/42 At 20.00 - units of the division continue to carry out their assigned task. During the day they fought for the capture of Paul, as a result of a successful battle at 13.30 on 02/21/42. took possession of Paul.
At 20.00 units of the division are in position:
a) 86 SP, pursuing the retreating pr-ka, reached the Borik line and is fighting for Borki. KSP KSP - south. env. Paula.
b) 21 joint ventures as a result of a daytime battle after capturing the east. the outskirts of Pola continued to move forward and reached the western line. env. Obsha-2, leads the way for mastering Obsha-2. Regimental losses for 02/21/42: 14 people were killed, 18 people were wounded.
c) 42nd joint venture led the battle for Seltso during the day, at 17.30 it successfully attacked and captured Seltso, pursuing the remnants of the pr-ka, reached the Obsha-3 line, is fighting for Obsha-3. Regimental losses: 14 people were killed, 23 people were wounded.
6. KP KSD - Bol. Lovasitsy.
OS No. 66. 02/22/42. 6.00. Shtadiv 180, Bol. Lovasitsy. To 100,000.
1. Units of the division completed the assigned task. During the night they continued to push the avenue to the southeast. and after the battle they captured: Borki, Obsha-1, 2 and 3, firmly holding the occupied points. After night battles they clean themselves up.
2. The project withdrew in small numbers in the direction of Herenka and Berezka.
3. Position of division units:
a) 86 SP at 1.30 on 02/22/42. captured Borki, firmly entrenched himself and took up defensive positions. KSP KSP - southwest. outskirts of Pola.
b) 21st joint venture fought for the capture of Obsha-1. At 5.30, after stubborn resistance, the pr-ka captured Obsha-1, gained a foothold and firmly held the occupied point.
c) 42 SP captured Obsha-2 and Obsha-3 at 0.30 and firmly holds it.
d) Barrier. detachment, company 33 OSB, junior com school. and a chemical defense company occupy Paul and firmly hold the south. and southeast env. Paula.
OS No. 67. 04/24/42. 6.00. Station 180, forest 2 km north-east. Penno. To 100,000.
1. After the march, the division concentrated in the Sychevo region. During the night, I replaced units of 41st SB at the line: the edge of the forest, southeast. Bol. Kozanka, north edge of a separate grove to the south. 2 km Goroshkovo, saddles the road southeast. 2 km New Lipovitsy.
2. The project was led by art.-min. during the night. and bullets. fire from the district of Mednikovo, Lipovitsy, Bol. and Mal. Kozanka, Kotovo.
3. At 8.00 units of the division occupied the position:
a) 86 SP occupies the line: zap. edge of the forest eastern 500 m Kotovo, east. 1.5 km Derevkovo. KSP KSP - forest 1 km east. Chirikovo.
b) 42 SP occupies the line: the edge of the forest to the southeast. 1 km Bol. Kozanka, north edge of a separate grove to the south. 2 km Goroshkovo and saddles the road southeast. 2 km New Lipovitsy. KSP KSP - forest east. Kotovo 1.5 km.
c) 21 SP - reserve KSD - 2nd echelon, located north-west. 2 km Sychevo.
4. Artillery: 1/627 AP is located on the left flank and supports 86 SP. 2/627 AP is located on the right flank - supports 42 joint ventures at the same time preparing data in the north-west. direction Mal. and Bol. Kozanka.
5. Barrier. The detachment occupies the north-west region. 1 km Sychevo.
6. Intelligence company, school ml. commanders, exterminated detachment - located in the area of ​​the KSD checkpoint.
7. The rear of the division is located in the region of Bragino, Nakhodno.
10 checkpoint KSD - forest 2 km north-east. Penno.
02/25/42 Units of the division continue to fulfill the assigned task of capturing and destroying the avenue in Bol. Kazanka, Chirikovo.
02/26/42 Units of the division are fighting for Bol. Kazanka, Chirikovo.
02/27/42 Units of the division, fulfilling their assigned task, continue to fight to capture and destroy the avenue in the settlements of Chirikovo and Bol. Kazanka.
02/28/42 Units of the division firmly hold the occupied line.
02/29/42 The position of the division's units remains unchanged.
1-10.03.42 Units of the division firmly hold the occupied line.
OS No. 87. 03/11/42. 6.00. Station 180, forest 3 km north-east. Omychkino. To 100,000.
1. 180 SD with attached formations continues to carry out the assigned task of destroying the Zaluchsko-Naluchsky group of the pr-ka.
2. Units of the pr-ka continue to provide stubborn fire resistance to the advance of our units, holding Nalyuchi, Vasilyevshchina, Maklakovo, Yudkino, Byakovo.
3. Position of division units by 6.00 03/11/42:
a) 86 joint ventures with 272 OLB occupy the district: east. edge of the forest 500 m Iyudkino. During the night, the units prepared for the attack.
The pr-k is active, at 20.00 the group of the pr-k is up to 70 people. The right flank of the regiment counterattacked from the agricultural direction Ustye, the counterattack was repulsed. KP KSP - forest southeast. 1 km Zakorytno.
b) 21 SP with 234 OLB - initial position southwest. edge of the forest 700 m Iyudkino. During the night, the units put themselves in order and prepared for the attack.
c) 42 SP - the same position, occupies the edge of the forest, which is north-east. 1 km Byakovo. There were no offensive actions during the night; the units were putting themselves in order and preparing for the attack on Byakovo. Regimental losses for 03/10/42: 50 people were killed, 109 people were wounded. KP KSP - fork in the north-west road. 2 km Byakovo.
d) 271 OLB is reassigned to 42 SP.
e) 240 OLB - KSD reserve, located in the area of ​​the KSD KP.
f) 74 SBR occupies the defense area: the edge of the forest north-east. 1.5 km Nalyuchi. During this time she conducted reconnaissance in the direction of Nalyucha. Has no losses. KP KSBR - Kutilikha.
g) 52 SBR occupies the southeast. edge of the forest 700 m Tochkovo, having the task of mastering Tochkovo. KP KSBR - forest east. 1 km Maklakovo.
12-16.03.42 Units of the division occupy their previous position.
DB No. 68. 03/17/42. 18.00. Stand 180, in the same place. To 100,000.
2. Units of the division fulfill the assigned task, having captured Byakovo at 6.30, they concentrated in the Vasilyevshchina region, preparing for the upcoming offensive, continuing to blockade Iyudkino with one regiment.
3. By 18.00 03/17/42. occupy the position:
a) 86 SP with 272 OLB, 2 guns 627 AP, part of the forces continuing to blockade Iyudkino and cutting the Iyudkino - Uchny road, with the main forces by 6.00 03/18/42. concentrates 1 km west. Maklakovo with the further task of capturing Maklakovo.
b) 21 SP with 234 OLB concentrated in the region of elevation by 17.00. 30.6 - forest southwest. 3 km Vasilyevshchina. Losses: 34 people killed, 96 people wounded.
c) 42 SP, 271 OLB, 2 guns 627 AP, part of the forces concentrated in the west. Vasilyevshchina on the edge of the forest. Losses: 37 people killed, 34 people wounded.
d) Sumin’s detachment is concentrated in the forest 1 km southwest. Vasilievshchina. Losses for 03/16/42: 19 people were killed, 42 people were wounded.
e) 52 SBR is concentrated in the southern region. 1 km north-west Vasilievshchina.
f) 74 RRF concentrated in the area 1 km north-west. Vasilievshchina.
g) Tank group - in the forest 1 km east. Byakovo.
03/18/42 Units of the division continue to carry out their assigned mission. By 18.00 03/18/42. occupy the position: 86 SP with 272 OLB as a result of the battle at 13.30 on 03/18/42. captured Maklakovo and took up a perimeter defense. The position of the remaining units by 18.00 remained unchanged; they were conducting reconnaissance and surveillance in the Vasilyevshchina - Uchny region.
03/19/42 The division with attached units, continuing to blockade Iyudkino with one regiment, concentrated its main forces in the Vasilievshchina region in readiness to launch an attack on Vasilievshchina.
Units of the division went on the offensive from their initial position at 9.30 and by 14.00 reached the line of 150-200 m near Vasilyevshchina, where, under the influence of heavy fire, they lay down and had no progress.
20.03.42 Parts of the division were preparing for a surprise attack on Vasilyevshchina by creating special forces. assault groups. At 6.30 03.20.42. They attacked the avenue in Vasilyevshchina, but were unsuccessful.
Units of the division firmly hold the achieved lines, with part of their forces blocking Iyudkino from the west and east. and sowing directions, cutting the road to Uchny.
21-23.03.42 There are no operational reports in the case.
DB No. 74. 03/24/42. 15.00. Stadiv 180, forest 2 km southwest. Ramushevo. To 100,000.
1. At least an infantry company with 4 tanks, with aviation support, captured Shapkino. The units occupying Shapkino retreated to the east. direction.
2. 180 SD with reinforcement units reached the Bol line. Gorby, Velikoye Selo and during the first half of the day 03/24/42. was preparing for an offensive in the direction of Mavrino.
3. By 15.30 units of the division occupied the position:
a) 21 joint venture with 234 OLB and 4 T-60s went to the Bol front. Gorby, Ozhedovo.
b) 86 joint venture with 272 OLB, 4 T-60 and 6 armored vehicles went to the front of Kudrovo, Kolyshkino. A separate detachment consisting of 272 OLB with 2 45-mm guns was sent to defend the Velikoye Selo, Onufrievo district.
c) 42 joint ventures with 271 OLB and 240 OLB in the second echelon, concentrated in the eastern forest. Ozhedova.
4. In the afternoon, 21 joint ventures and 86 joint ventures received orders to attack with the immediate task of reaching the Mavrino-Zubakino line. The offensive was disrupted by continuous bombing of the battle formations of the 21st joint venture and 86th joint venture by aviation.
03/25/42 The division held Bol with part of its forces. Gorby and fought for the capture of Gorushka 1, Ozhedovo.
03/26/42 There are no operational reports.
03/27/42 The division with the previous reinforcement units from 3.30 was preparing for an attack on Ovchinnikovo, Bol. Humps. The division with two regiments went on the offensive at Ovchinnikovo, Bol. Humps. The advancing units of the pr-ka were delayed by heavy fire from the east pr-ka. and southeast Ovchinnikovo, Bol. Humps.
03/28/42 Parts of the division are holding the same line. During the day they engaged in a firefight with the advancing enemy.
OS No. 105. 03/29/42. 3.00. Stand 180, in the same place. To 100,000.
1. The division with its attached formations continues to carry out its assigned mission, defends and firmly holds the previously occupied line.
2. Units of the project continue to hold the line: Ulcers, Bol. and Mal. Gorby and settlements of the south. along the river Redya, Velikoye Selo.
3. By 3.00 units of the division are in position:
a) 21 SP with 234 OLB defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest, which is 1 km east. Small and Bol. Humps. During the night the pr-k from Ovchinnikovo conducted rare machine-gun and machine gun fire. KSP KSP - forest east. 1 km Bol. Humps.
b) 42 SP with 271 OLB and 240 OLB defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest to the east. 2 km Gorushka, Ozhedovo. KSP KSP - forest 2 km east. Kudrovo.
c) 86 joint venture with 272 OLB and 248 OLB defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest to the east. 1 km Kudrovo, Kozlovo. KP KSP - forest zap. 500 m elevation 40.3.

03/30/42 Units of the division firmly hold the previously occupied defense line along the edge of the forest to the east. R. Redya. During the day there were no offensive actions; they conducted observation and reconnaissance of the project.
03/31/42 The division with attached units continued to fulfill its assigned task - to defend and firmly hold the previously occupied line along the edge of the forest to the east. R. Redya.
Fund 1110, inventory 1, file 27.
OS No. 111. 04/01/42. 3.00. Stand 180, in the same place. To 100,000.
1. Units of the division in the same composition continue to firmly hold the previous line of defense along the edge of the forest to the east. R. Redya. There were no offensive actions during the night. During the night, our aircraft bombed the resistance centers of Borisovo Avenue. Small and Bol. Gorby, Ozhedovo, Kudrovo, Kozlovo.
2. The avenue continues to hold Borisovo, Mal. Gorby, Ozhedovo, Kozlovo, Kudrovo. During the night there was a rare art-min. fire from Mal. Gorby and Ovchinnikovo.
3. Division with attached units by 3.00 04/01/42. occupies the position:
a) Zakhvataev’s group consisting of 84 SBR, 62 SBR, 50 SBR, 2 GV SP, 14 GV SP in the amount of 911 combat bayonets occupies the same position, during the night there were no offensive actions on both sides, the war was led by rare artillery. min. and bullets fire from Borisovo, Mal. Humps.
b) 21 SP with 234 OLB consisting of 228 combat bayonets occupies the same position.
c) 42 SP with 271 OLB and 240 OLB consisting of 388 combat bayonets defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest to the east. 2 km Kudrovo.
d) 86 joint ventures with 248 OLBs consisting of 185 combat bayonets - the situation is the same.
e) Ryabchenko’s group consisting of 272 OLB, 2 platoons of a reconnaissance company, two platoons of a junior school. n/s and sapper company 33 OSB defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest to the southeast. 2 km Kozlovo.
2-3.04.42 The position of the division and attached units remains unchanged. The units were sent an order to go on the offensive in the morning of 04/03/42.
By 15.00 04/03/42. Parts of the division in separate sectors are fighting for the capture of Bol. and Mal. Gorby, Ovchinnikovo, were not successful.
04/04/42 The division with attached units defends and firmly holds the line along the edge of the forest to the east. R. Redya 1.5-2 km. During the day there were no offensive actions; they conducted observation and reconnaissance of the avenue in the directions of Borisovo and Mal. and Bol. Gorby, Ozhedovo, Kudrovo, Kozlovo.
04/05/42 Division and Northern group of parts - position unchanged.
06-07.04.42 There are no operational reports in the case.
DB No. 83. 04/08/42. 18.00. Station 180, same location. To 100,000.
1. The aircraft is supported by bombards. aviation and artillery continues to develop an offensive in the direction of Borisovo, Ramushevo. During the day I tried to go on the attack several times, but had no success.
2. The division with attached units continues to fulfill its assigned task. In certain sections of the division's front, units put up stubborn resistance and repelled repeated attacks by the division, holding the previous line.
3. Position of division units at 18.00 04/08/42:
a) North a group consisting of 84, 62, 50 SBR, 2 GV SBR and 14 GV SP, after the delivery of the 384 SD section, following the order of the NWF, they were withdrawn from the occupied defense line to form in the Gridino-Zagoska region.
b) 116 RRF, consisting of 3 battalions, occupies the defense area of ​​the north-west. 1 km elevation 34.3, highway Borisovo - Ramushevo and the edge of the forest north-east. 500 m number 6 on the road Borisovo - Ramushevo.
c) 21 joint ventures consisting of 2 battalions occupy the defense area: the intersection of the trail with the Borisovo - Ramushevo road north-west. 400 m elevation 34.3 and the edge of the forest, going to the southwest. to the bend, which is 0.5 km southeast. Elevation 38.2.
Regimental losses: 25 people were killed, 40 people were wounded.
d) 42 SP with 240 OLB occupies the defense area - the edge of the forest to the east. 1 km Gorushka-1 and south. 1 km along the edge of the forest. Regimental losses: 31 people were killed, 62 people were wounded.
e) 86 joint venture with 272 OLB and 248 OLB, reconnaissance. a company of the division and one company of the 33rd Special Operations Brigade occupy and firmly hold the edge of the forest to the east. 1.5 km Kudrovo and further south along the edge of the forest.
g) 41 RRF received combat orders directly from the march to occupy the defense area: the fork in the roads Borisovo, Ramushevo, Redtsy, elev. 34.3, southwest 500 m elevation 34.3, clearing and north-west. 1 km.
04/09/42 180 SD with attached 41 and 116 SBR fulfills the assigned task, defends and firmly holds the edge of the forest to the east. Ozhedovo, Kudrovo, Kozlovo and saddles the road Borisovo - Ramushevo, north-east. 500 m elevation 34.3 at the fork in the roads Borisovo - Ramushevo - Redtsy. During the night, units in separate sections of the division's front prepared to carry out combat orders to restore the previous position on the right flank.
10-12.04.42 The division firmly defends the previously occupied line. In certain sectors of the front, division units launched an offensive.
04/13/42 Units of the division consisting of 21, 42, 86 SP and 14 GV SP continue to fulfill their assigned task - defending and firmly holding the previously occupied eastern line. R. Redya along the edge of the forest and in the region of elevation. 35.9. 41 and 116 SBR in accordance with the order of the commander of the SZF on the morning of 04/13/42. left the 180 SD and became subordinate to: 41 SBR - com. 397 SD, 116 SBR - com. 384 SD.
04/14/42 Units of the division occupy their previous position, firmly holding the edge of the forest to the east. 1.5 km Ozhedovo, Kudrovo.
15-16.04.42 Units of the division hold the previously occupied line.
04/25/42 The division, with its right flank in the 42nd joint venture sector, launched an offensive on the stream at 15.30. Tarakanovsky (overhead stream). In other sectors of the division's front, units occupy the same position.
26-29.04.42 Units of the division (during the night) continued to hold the same line.
DB No. 102. 04/30/42. 20.00. Station 180, same location. To 50,000.
1. The pr-k in the previous grouping in front of the division front did not show activity during the day. In the 397th Infantry Division, a group with the strength of up to a company of machine gunners infiltrated at 8.00 into the junction between the 447th and 448th Infantry Divisions and launched an attack to the south along the creek. Gusinets from elevation. 28.7. During the day, observation revealed the movement from Shapkino to Ozhedovo of 60 loaded carts, 5 vehicles, 2 guns and separate groups of infantry. The aircraft bombed and shelled the front line of the defense units and the division command post.
2. Units of the division continue to carry out the assigned task, holding the line: on the right flank - the edge of the forest to the west. Elevation 27.8 per 1 km along the stream. Gusinets. Elevation 35.9 and zap. to the swamp with a front to the north-east. and to the north; left - holds the edges of the forests to the east. Kudrovo and southeast. Kozlovo with the task of allowing the avenue to advance along the stream. Gusinets to the south and from the west from the direction of Ozhedovo, Kudrovo, Kozlovo - to the east.
3. At 20.00 units of the division occupied the position:
a) 42 SP, fulfilling the assigned task, firmly holds the previous line at the edge of the forest along the bank of the stream. Gusinets from elevation. 27.8 and north-west. to the clearing. During the day he conducted reconnaissance and surveillance in the direction of elevation. 27.9, and also carried out work to strengthen the occupied line.
b) 21st joint venture occupies its previous position, holding the line of defense in the area of ​​elevation. 35.9 facing north. On the right is an elbow connection with 42 joint ventures, on the left - 86 joint ventures, communication through patrolling.
c) 86 SP, company 457 SP continues to hold the previously occupied line: the edges of the groves to the east. Kudrovo and southeast. Kozlovo, saddle road Kozlovo - Ramushevo.
Fund 1110, inventory 1, file 31.
05/01/42 Units of the division are fulfilling the assigned task and continue to hold the previous line in readiness to repel possible attacks from the direction of Mikhalkino, Ozhedovo, Kudrovo, Kozlovo. In the 397th Rifle Division, units fought for the capture of Kobylkino. Division CP - forest east. 1 km elevation 38.5.
2-11.05.42 Units of the division are holding the previous line of defense.
05/12/42 Over the past 24 hours, units of the division carried out combat order No. 02 - they regrouped and with the main forces occupied the defense line: elevation. 32.1, elev. 36.5, edge of the forest east. and southeast Kozlovo front left, north-east. and north-west, with a total length of 7.5 km. A military outpost has been left at the previous line of defense.
13-17.05.42 Units of the division occupy their previous position.
05/18/42 Units of the division, fulfilling their assigned task, stubbornly continue to hold the front line of defense along the entire length of the division's front. In the 86th joint venture sector, units have been fighting the advancing pr-com since the morning.
05/19/42 Units of the division continued to fulfill their assigned task - they held the previous line of defense from the stream. Gusinets and to the north-west. the edges of the grove, which is southeast. Kozlovo. During the night they conducted reconnaissance and surveillance of the avenue in the direction of elevation. 21.5, 40.3 and Kozlovo.
05/20/42 The division holds the previously occupied line with the front line of defense from the stream. Gusinets (overhead creek), elevation. 32.1, north. 200 m, north. 400 m elevation 36.5, edge of the grove southeast. 1.5-2 km Kozlovo and saddles the Kozlovo - Kobylkino road.
Right: 397 SD border - stream. Gusinets, number 8.0 on the road Onufrievo - Cherenchitsy, elev. 35.3 and south. Elevation 36.3. on the left - 15 SBR, border: (legal) Kozlovo, ledge of the forest, which is south. 800 m elevation 38.5, elev. 38.8 and elev. 40.7.
21-27.05.42 Units of the division hold the previously occupied defense line.
OS No. 39. 05/28/42. 4.00. Headquarters 28 GV SD, former location. To 50,000.
1. Prospect after reconnaissance in force with the support of artillery and mortars with a force of up to three companies at 8.00 on May 27, 1942. went on the offensive on the left flank of the division's front from the grove on the east. Kudrovo on the road Kudrovo - Ramushevo. As a result of the battle, the pr-ku managed to capture 3 bunkers in the area of ​​86 joint venture and push back the right flank of 86 joint venture and the left flank of 42 joint venture to elevation. 36.5. The fight continues.
2. Units of the division are engaged in a stubborn battle with the commander to restore the previous position.
3. At 20.00 we occupied:
a) 42 SP holds the line of defense from the stream. Gusinets (overhead creek), elevation. 32.1 and further 600 m to the west. During the day, units of the regiment fought with the commander to restore the previous position of the left flank of the regiment. The fight continues.
The pr-k, providing strong fire impact with artillery and mortars from the direction of elevation. 40.3, pushed back the left flank of the regiment to the east. Elevation 36.5. Approximate losses of the regiment: 17 people were killed, 20 people were wounded. The regiment's command post is in the same place.
b) 86 SP, as a result of an intense battle with the enemy, retreated with the right flank to the area at elevation. 36.5. The regiment is fighting with the task of restoring its previous position. Regimental losses (estimated): 2 people killed, 16 people wounded. The regiment's command post is in the same place.
c) 21 joint ventures from the reserve of the division came to reinforce 42 and 86 joint ventures. During the day he fought with a pr-com in the area of ​​\u200b\u200belevation. 36.5. The regiment's command post is in the same place.
29.05. - 06/03/42 Units of the division hold the previously occupied defense line.
06/04/42 Units of the division occupy the line with the front line of defense south of the Kudrovo - Ramushevo road from the stream. Gusinets, edge of the forest to the south. 200 m elevation 32.1, elev. 36.5 and further along the north-west. edge of the forest, southeast. Kozlovo to the Kozlovo - Kobylkino road.
5-11.06.42 The division's position remains unchanged.
06/12/42 Units of the division carry out the assigned task in accordance with order No. 083, hold the previous line of defense, and monitor the project. Rear divisions, units and special forces. units on the march to the concentration area. Unit headquarters began reconnaissance of the area in the Cherenchitsy region.
06/13/42 The division continues to carry out its task in accordance with Shtarm's order No. 083. During the day of combat, units of the division did not surrender and were preparing to surrender the occupied defense line to the newly arrived units of the 47th RRF. The rear areas of units, special forces and the Headquarters are concentrated in the Novye Degtyary region.
33 OSB serviced the crossing of the division's rear to the river. Lovat in the districts of Lipno, Veryasko.
OS No. 74. 06/14/42. 16.00. Station 28 GV SD, northern forest. 1 km New Degtyary. To 50,000.
1. We have no information about the project.
2. 28 GV SD from 22.00 06/13/42. began to retreat to the east. river bank Lovat along the route: Cherenchitsy, Lipno and south. in the area of ​​concentration of Degtyary, Nikulino, Gadovo. By 8.00 06/14/42. the main forces concentrated:
a) 86 GV SP in the forest area between Nikulino-2 and Gadovo. The 3rd SB is reassigned to the commander of the 47th SB and takes up defensive positions on the previously occupied line.
b) 89 GV SP, consisting of one battalion, marched during the night and by 8.30 on June 14, 1942. concentrated in the forest region of the southwest. Ordinarily.
c) 92 GV SP during the night covered the withdrawal and crossing of division units to the east. river bank Lovat.
3. Special units (reconnaissance company, division chemical defense company, junior research school) - reserve com. divisions. During the night we marched along the division's route to the concentration area - the northern forest. New Tar.
5. 36 GV SB part of the forces ensured the crossing of division units across the river. Lovat in the Lipno, Veryasko district.
DB No. 43. 06/15/42. 18.00. Headquarters 28 GV SD, forest north-east. 2 km Lebedinets. To 100,000.
1. There was no information about the project.
2. Units of the division continue to carry out the assigned task in accordance with the combat order of the Headquarters of the 1st UA for No. 78 and during the night from

Formed: Disbanded (reformed): Predecessor:

1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions of the Estonian People's Army

Successor:

28th Guards Rifle Division

Battle path

Story

Formed in August-September 1940, after the annexation of Estonia to the USSR, as part of the 22nd Rifle Corps on the basis of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Divisions of the Estonian People's Army. The division's personnel remained in the uniform of the Estonian army, but with Soviet insignia. It must be borne in mind that until December 31, 1939, there was another 180th Infantry Division, on the basis of which, in particular, the Yeletsk and Oryol infantry schools were created.

In the active army during the Great Patriotic War from June 22, 1941 to May 3, 1942.

On June 22, 1941, it was stationed in Võru and Petseri, but did not take part in the border battle.

From July 1, 1941, it was transferred by rail to Porkhov; from July 2, 1941, it was concentrated in the Porkhov area; on July 3, 1941, three echelons of the division arrived; there were 9 echelons on the way.

On July 4, 1941, the division had: command personnel - 1030 people, junior command personnel - 1160 people, rank and file - 9132 people. Total - 11322 people. Horses - 3039. Rifles - 11645, mortars - 35, light machine guns - 535, heavy machine guns - 212, large-caliber - 3, anti-aircraft - 24, DP - 5, walkie-talkies - 0, 37 mm guns - 31, 45 mm - 58, 76 mm - 74, 76 mm anti-aircraft - 4, 122 mm - 14, 152 mm - 12, armored vehicles - 6, motor vehicles - 72.

By July 8, 1941, it took up defense near Porkhov at the Shakhnovo-Zhiglevo line, entered into battles with enemy reconnaissance units, and from July 9, 1941 - with the main units.

With the outbreak of hostilities, the division experienced mass desertions and defections to the enemy.

“A significant part of the Estonian commanders and Red Army soldiers went over to the side of the Germans. There is enmity and distrust of Estonians among the fighters.”

However, one should not a priori classify any Estonian as a defector; a sufficient number fought with dignity against the German troops.

By July 11, 1941, the division was forced to leave Porkhov, crossed to the eastern bank of the Shelon, retreating to the Dno, and was again attacked by the enemy south of the Dno on July 18, 1941, after which the division retreated towards Staraya Russa.

Counterattacks in the area of ​​Staraya Russa, Kholm (1941)

The division went on the offensive from the Parfino area on August 15, 1941, crossed Lovat on August 15, 1941, fought in Staraya Russa on August 17, 1941, liberating most of the city with other units, but was forced to leave the city on August 20-21, 1941, 22 August 1941, having again crossed to the eastern bank of Lovat and by that time having lost up to 60% of its personnel in battles.

Leaving Staraya Russa, the division retreated to the village of Dubrovy on the Kolpinka River east of Lake Peipsi, where in the former Polava region at the border of the villages of Bolshoye Volosko - Bykovo - Navelye - Kulakovo - Dreglo - Shkvarets - Pustynka, it took up defense. On August 29-31, 1941, she fought with the enemy, who was striving for the Novgorod-Valdai highway and managed to stop the enemy troops. In that place there now stands an obelisk with the inscription: “At this line, the soldiers of the 180th Infantry Division stopped the advance of the Nazi troops on August 31.”

After this, the division is located approximately on the same lines, occupying a line 40-45 kilometers long and waging constant private battles, so, on September 26, 1941, it was fighting on the line: Bolshoye Volosko, Kulakovo, Dreglo, Tsyblovo, Gorodok, Lutovnya.

Demyansk offensive operation (1942)

On January 7, 1941, it went on the offensive during the Demyansk offensive operation. In the offensive, the division was supported by the 29th separate ski battalion, 30th separate ski battalion, 150th separate tank battalion, 246th corps artillery regiment and 614th corps artillery regiment, and from the rear attacked the fortified point of the 290th infantry division Yuryevo on the banks of Lovat, then continued the attack on Parfino and Pola. Having reached Parfino with all its equipment through impassable swamps, only by February 9, 1942, the division, together with the 254th Infantry Division, liberated Parfino, and on February 23, 1942, Pola, then continued the offensive.

On March 25, 1942, the division was hastily, on a 100-kilometer march, transferred to the Redya River line, where it repelled the desperate attacks of German troops in the area of ​​the villages of Malye and Bolshiye Gorby

Full title

180th Rifle Division

Compound

• 21st Infantry Regiment
• 42nd Infantry Regiment
• 86th Infantry Regiment
• 629th Howitzer Artillery Regiment (until 10/04/1941)
• 15th separate anti-tank fighter division
• 321st anti-aircraft battery (150th separate anti-aircraft artillery division)
• 90th reconnaissance company (90th reconnaissance battalion)
• 33rd Engineer Battalion
• 137th separate communications battalion
• 9th Medical Battalion
• 182nd separate chemical defense company
• 383rd Motor Transport Company (until 10.10.1941 383rd Motor Transport Battalion)
• 440th field bakery
• 46th Divisional Veterinary Hospital
• 787th Field Postal Station
• 467th field cash desk of the State Bank

Subordination

date	Front (district)	Army	Frame	Notes
06/22/1941	Northwestern Front	27th Army	22nd Rifle Corps	-
07/01/1941	Northwestern Front	-	22nd Rifle Corps	-
07/10/1941	Northwestern Front	11th Army	22nd Rifle Corps	-
08/01/1941	Northwestern Front	22nd Army	29th Rifle Corps	-
09/01/1941	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-	-
01.10.1941	Northwestern Front		-	-
01.11.1941	Northwestern Front	Novgorod Army Task Force	-	-
01.12.1941	Northwestern Front	Novgorod Army Task Force	-	-
01/01/1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-	-
02/01/1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-	-
03/01/1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-	-
04/01/1942	Northwestern Front	11th Army	-	-
05/01/1942	Northwestern Front	-	-	-

Commanders

• Missan, Ivan Ilyich (06/03/1941 - 05/03/1942), colonel

• In the fall of 1992, nearby in the Demyansky district, searchers found a buried safe in which the battle banner of the 86th Infantry Regiment was discovered - one of only three such post-war finds.

Links

• Directory on the website of the Memory Club of Voronezh State University
• List No. 5 of rifle, mountain rifle, motorized rifle and motorized divisions that were part of the active army during the Great Patriotic War

Igor ABROSIMOV

DEFEAT OR VICTORY?

Offensive operation of the Southern Front in July - August 1943 on the Miuss River

I. Preface: The answer cannot be found...
II. Southern Front on the eve of the summer campaign (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
III. Wehrmacht on the Miuss Front
IV. The operation has begun...
V. Counterstrike
VI. Air confrontation (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
VII. Afterword: military events in the cultural and historical aspect
Notes and appendices - Literature

II. Southern Front on the eve of the summer campaign (1, 2)

The troops of the Southern Front, renamed from Stalingrad in January 1943, having liberated Rostov in battle, approached the Miuss River on February 16. On February 17, as a result of a bloody assault, the village of Matveev Kurgan, a communications center on the left, eastern bank of the river, which the enemy turned into a defense center, was captured. The Germans were forced to retreat to the western bank of the Miuss, and Soviet troops, continuing heavy offensive battles, reached the river along the entire middle course on a broad front during February. Until February 28, the Red Army tried to continue its advance to the West, overcome enemy defenses and force the Miuss, but these efforts were not crowned with success. Over the next almost five months, the Soviet-German front in this sector remained stable.

The defensive formations of the Southern Front from the Sea of ​​Azov, somewhat east of Taganrog, which remained under German occupation, reached the Miuss River, and then, in a strip of approximately 80 km, ran along its left bank and went to the eastern outskirts of the city of Krasny Luch, occupied by the enemy. Further, the front line, about 70 km long, stretched to the bend of the Seversky Donets northwest of Voroshilovgrad.

Since March 1943, the front troops were commanded by Colonel General F.I. Tolbukhin, who in the pre-war years served as chief of staff of the Transcaucasian Military District, and after the outbreak of hostilities he was successively chief of staff of the Transcaucasian, Caucasian and Crimean fronts. Before his appointment as front commander, Tolbukhin commanded a combined arms army for eight months. Having started the war as a major general, in March 1943 he became a lieutenant general, and in April, three months before the start of the offensive on Miusse, he received the extraordinary rank of colonel general. Thus, his experience of independent leadership of an operational-strategic formation at the beginning of the July offensive was limited to only four months. Moreover, Tolbukhin did not have the experience that the leader of a front-line formation receives during a major offensive operation.

The front headquarters and control were located in the city of Novoshakhtinsk, 70 km from the front line. In April 1943, the headquarters was headed by Major General S.S. Biryuzov, who had experience in commanding an infantry division, and from April 1942, he served as chief of staff of the army for a year. Later, in his memoirs, Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky described Tolbukhin as a man with a gentle character, who was successfully complemented in this regard by Biryuzov, firm and adamant in implementing the decisions made. It is well known how important it is for achieving success to unite the efforts of the commander and his chief of staff, who complement each other in their abilities and qualities of a military leader. Member of the Front Military Council, Lieutenant General K.A. Gurov was a strong political worker who fought from the first days of the war as a member of the Army Military Council. But, both as a commander and as a chief of staff, he had no experience of leadership at the level of a front-line formation. However, we must not forget that Tolbukhin, Biryuzov, and Gurov went through the harsh, months-long school of the Stalingrad Front, advancing thanks to the real combat successes of the troops they led.

Coordination of the actions of the front-line command, bearing in mind the need to compensate for their lack of experience and correct mistakes in a timely manner, was carried out by the institute of representatives of the Supreme Command Headquarters. Such an organization increased the level of strategic leadership of troops and made it possible to maintain close interaction between fronts and branches of the armed forces. Representatives of the Headquarters had the broadest powers; tasks were set for them, as a rule, by Stalin personally and they were sent to where strategic and important front-line operations were supposed to be carried out. On the eve of the offensive on the Miuss River, one of the highest-ranking representatives of the Headquarters, Chief of the General Staff and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky, arrived on the Southern Front.

It should be noted that this was one of the most difficult periods of Vasilevsky’s activity during all the war years. A few days before arriving on the Southern Front, he was recalled from the Voronezh Front, as he displeased Stalin with the unsuccessful actions associated with the introduction of the strategic reserves of the Headquarters - 5 Guards - into the battle on the southern front of the Kursk Bulge. army of Lieutenant General A.S. Zhadov and 5th Guards. Tank Army Lieutenant General of Tank Forces P.A. Rotmistrov. To coordinate the actions of the Voronezh and Steppe fronts, Stalin sent G.K. Zhukov there, and Vasilevsky went to the Southern Front, where a smaller-scale operation was planned, the results of which, however, could also be of considerable importance for the situation on the entire Soviet-German front.

The decision to transition the Southern Front to active operations was made by Headquarters after a long operational pause. It was expected that the Wehrmacht would launch an offensive in the area of ​​the Kusky salient, troops were concentrated there, and the main reserves were deployed to this strategic direction. Since the possibility of an enemy attack in the Southern Front was not excluded, Tolbukhin’s troops also prepared to repel attacks and lined up their battle formations in accordance with defensive tasks. That is why the preparation of the offensive operation, which began only after July 5, when the Wehrmacht attacked the battle formations of the Central and Voronezh fronts on the Kursk ledge, was carried out in a short time, within one week.

By the end of the day on July 14, when Vasilevsky appeared at the command post of the commander of the Southern Front, the planning and accelerated regrouping of troops were basically completed, the units occupied the starting lines for the attack. So the contribution of Vasilevsky, an experienced staff planner who had successfully completed all stages of staff work at the highest level, could not be decisive in this case. As for the guardianship on the part of the Headquarters representative already during the operation, then, in all likelihood, those shortcomings in planning, which will be discussed below, did not allow him to significantly contribute to the success of the battle.

Vasilevsky, being an adherent of a businesslike and calm manner of communication with his subordinates, which, against the backdrop of the tough and uncompromising style of most wartime military leaders, was perceived as unusual gentleness, never allowed himself to achieve the fulfillment of assigned tasks with shouts and threats. In his memoirs, he later wrote that “... it was not always easy to remain calm and not allow yourself to raise your voice. But you will clench your fists, sometimes it hurts, and you will remain silent, you will refrain from swearing and shouting.” Vasilevsky did not resort to hasty removal of commanders and superiors from their positions, much less repressive actions. This is probably why, in order to maximize the pressure on the command, there was another representative of Headquarters on the Southern Front - Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko. In any case, let's mention this as an example, it was Timoshenko at the command post of the 2nd Guards. The army of Lieutenant General Ya.G. Kreizer, in the presence of Vasilevsky, Tolbukhin and Gurov, tried, already at the final stage of the offensive of the Southern Front, to firmly understand and find those responsible for the unsuccessful course of the operation. The meeting ended with the removal from office of the army commander, accused of failure to comply with a combat order. Despite Kreiser's explanations, Tymoshenko, unwilling to accept any justification, harshly stated: “If the army is not able to complete the task, the army commander is to blame.”

Of course, the activities of the Headquarters representatives in those conditions had a positive impact in the preparation and conduct of major operations. However, the nervousness caused by the constant presence of high representatives with emergency powers, in a number of cases, did not at all contribute to the successful activities of the front command. Moreover, representatives of the Headquarters could not replace front-line command in the daily preparation of troops for combat activities, or monitor the solution to hourly emerging operational and organizational problems during the operation. Ultimately, success or failure in command and control was determined by the front commander, his headquarters, and all the numerous front-line services. That is why the talent and experience of front-line leadership, supported by the precise activities of the multi-link mechanism of central military command, were, as a rule, decisive.

Let us emphasize once again that the command of the Southern Front did not have enough experience in conducting large offensive operations in the summer of 1943. It was later, over time, that Tolbukhin grew to the level of a major military leader; it was later that the headquarters learned to effectively plan and implement strategic operations in practice. It should be added that when this happened, at the last stage of hostilities, there was no longer any need for the emergency activities of Headquarters representatives, who were no longer sent to the field as guardians and supervisors.

2.
Let us consider the composition and deployment of the troops of the Southern Front before the start of the operation. In order not to bore the reader with details related to the combat composition of units and formations, which is still impossible to do without in this case, most of this kind of information is given in the corresponding appendices and notes. The Appendices and Notes section also contains a diagrammatic map of the Mius offensive operation.

On the left, coastal flank of the Southern Front, the 44th Army deployed under the command of Lieutenant General V.A. Khomenko, which included four rifle divisions - the 130th (Colonel K.V. Sychev), the 151st (Major General D.P.Podshivailov), 248th (Colonel N.Z.Galai) and 416th (Colonel D.M.Syzranov).

The 130th Rifle Division was re-formed on the Southern Front in May 1943 using the 156th and 159th Separate Rifle Brigades, which had been in bloody battles and suffered heavy losses from December 1942 to January 1943. Less than two months before the start of the July offensive, the division was staffed, replenished, mainly with recruits, but the quantitative composition was not brought, as usual in rifle troops, to the regular level, not to mention the fact that the training and cohesion of units, subunits and headquarters , it was not really possible to achieve in such a short period. The division commander, Colonel K.V. Sychev, who graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff on the eve of the war, served in staff positions and had limited experience in independent command of a formation, holding the post of deputy commander until his new appointment and only for two months - commander of the 126th Infantry Division .

The 151st Rifle Division was introduced into the Army in August 1942, operated as part of the Transcaucasian and North Caucasian fronts and was transferred to the control of the Southern Front in February 1943, after the Red Army reached Miuss. The division was headed by an experienced commander, Major General D.P. Podshivailov, who started the war as a regiment commander and commanded divisions since March 1942. He was awarded the rank of general in November 1942, which indicates successful activity as a division commander. Podshivailov commanded the 151st Rifle Division from April 1943 until the end of the war.

After the defeat, the 248th Rifle Division was re-formed in September 1942 using personnel from two cadet regiments of Astrakhan military schools and was then introduced into the Stalingrad Front. Its commander, Colonel N.Z. Galai, began the war as a regiment commander who arrived from the Far East, and from December 1942 commanded the 248th Infantry Division, which allowed him to gain some command experience and get to know the formation’s personnel well.

The 416th Infantry Division was formed in 1942 in Azerbaijan, mainly from the local rural population, and was then replenished, both in the usual manner and through marching units, which consisted of residents of this republic. The division took part in hostilities in the North Caucasus from November 1942. From December 1942 until the end of the war, the division was commanded by Colonel D.M. Syzranov, who was first appointed commander of the formation and who became the third commander of the division after its introduction into the Army. The division covered a wide front strip - from the shore of the Taganrog estuary to the Miuss River and further along the river bank.

The 44th Army, whose command united rifle divisions that had limited combat effectiveness, was not assigned any active tasks. It had to firmly hold the defense and divert the enemy's attention by carrying out a demonstration of the offensive with the forces of just one reinforced rifle regiment. In this regard, during the period of urgent preparation for the offensive operation, three rifle divisions that were previously part of the army - the 320th, 387th and 347th - were placed under the control of the neighboring 28th Army. Before the start of the operation, the 33rd and 32nd tank brigades were also transferred to the 28th and 5th shock armies, respectively. At the same time, the most combat-ready 151st Rifle Division, remaining subordinate to the 44th Army, did not occupy a defense and was listed in the reserve of the front commander.

The army commander, Lieutenant General V.A. Khomenko, served in the border troops of the NKVD before the war, since 1940 he was the head of the border troops of the Moldavian and Ukrainian SSR and on the eve of the war he was appointed deputy commander of the Kyiv Special Military District for the protection of the rear. From the first months of hostilities, Major General Khomenko commanded the 30th Army on the Western Front in the Smolensk and Kalinin directions. Serving as army commander was not easy for Khomenko. In the most difficult days for the country and the army, during the Battle of Moscow in November 1941, he displeased Stalin as army commander and was appointed, with demotion, deputy commander of the troops of the Moscow defense zone.

It is difficult to assess the fairness of this decision. According to the testimony of General D.D. Lelyushenko, who replaced Khomenko as commander of the 30th Army, Vasily Afanasyevich was a brave, competent, worthy military leader, and the failure that befell the army in the Klin area was explained by the enemy’s advantage in the direction of the main attack, where the weakened ones held the defense army divisions. On the other hand, it is quite understandable why Khomenko, whose service was in the border troops and who did not receive serious training as a commander of a combined arms formation, was replaced by a more experienced military leader in the current tense situation.

After spending many months on the sidelines in a virtually non-combatant formation and again placed at the head of a combined arms army only in September 1942, Khomenko commanded the 58th and then the 44th Army on the North Caucasus and Southern fronts. Without taking an active part in the July battles on Miussa, the 44th Army in the subsequent period participated in the liberation of Donbass and Left Bank Ukraine. In November 1943, in the Nikopol area, Khomenko, having gone to the front line together with the commander of the army artillery, Major General S.A. Bobkov, and a group of commanders, got lost and mistakenly ended up in the location of enemy troops. The commander's motorcade was unexpectedly fired upon at close range; miraculously, only one car, the last to move, managed to return to its own. The seriously wounded Khomenko was captured along with the operational documents that were with him and probably died soon. Stalin was extremely angry at the circumstances of the loss of two military generals, especially since the Germans wrote in their leaflets that they voluntarily went over to the side of the enemy. Things got to the point that the administration of the 44th Army was disbanded and its troops were transferred to other formations. This is how Khomenko’s life tragically ended just three months after the battle on Miussa.

The central section of the front, in the zone of which it was planned to deliver the main blow, was occupied by the 28th Army under the command of Lieutenant General V.F. Gerasimenko. The 28th Army included six rifle divisions - 271st (Colonel I.P. Govorov), 118th (Colonel F.G. Dobrovolsky), 127th (Colonel F.M. Rukhlenko), 320th (Colonel P.N. Krivulin), 347th (Colonel A.Kh. Yukhimchuk) and 387th (Colonel M.G. Krymov). The 28th Army was strengthened by the 33rd Guards. separate tank brigade (Colonel I.M. Babenko). and 1st Guards. separate breakthrough tank regiment.

The 271st Rifle Division of Colonel I.P. Govorov was defeated in the Crimea in the spring of 1942 and, after being staffed with personnel and equipment, was reintroduced into battle in the North Caucasus only in November. Like other formations that suffered significant losses on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front and were withdrawn to the rear for reorganization, it was staffed with military recruits from the indigenous population of Transcaucasia. Since February, the division occupied positions on Miussa. The new division commander began his duties in April 1943, during the operational pause.

Also, after the defeat in Crimea in the spring of 1942, the 118th Infantry Division under Colonel F.G. Dobrovolsky was re-formed, which took part in the battle for the Caucasus from November. Its commander was only sent to the Active Army in May 1943 from the post of head of the infantry school and was immediately appointed division commander. Before the war, before serving in military educational institutions, holding the positions of chief. regimental headquarters and deputy the chief of staff of the division, never commanded a formation or even a unit.

The 127th Rifle Division (3rd formation) was recruited on the Southern Front in May 1943 from personnel of the 52nd and 98th separate rifle brigades. The problems that always faced the newly formed formation were aggravated due to the fact that the division had to advance in the main attack zone of the front. One can only note that in this case its commander, Colonel F.M. Rukhlenko, was an experienced and energetic commander. Having started the war as a regiment commander, from the spring of 1942 he commanded a number of divisions.

The 320th Infantry Division was less fortunate with its leadership. In the first six days of the operation, until July 22, the division was commanded by Colonel P.N. Krivulin, who was removed from office and put on trial by a military tribunal. He was replaced for a few days by Colonel Hero of the Soviet Union D.V. Kazak, who before this appointment was the commander of a rifle regiment and briefly commanded a division, and then by Major General I.I. Shvygin. The latter received the rank of general even before the war, commanded the Hanko fortified area and a rifle division on the Leningrad Front in 1941, and, arriving on the Southern Front in 1943, was appointed commander of the 40th Guards. rifle division, and on July 30 transferred to the 320th rifle division.

It is difficult to assess what kind of experience and ability to command a formation assigned to attack in the main direction had the commander of the 347th Infantry Division, Colonel A.Kh. Yukhimchuk, who commanded the regiment from the first days of the war, then held the post of chief of staff of the division and was appointed division commander only in May 1943, as well as the commander of the 387th Infantry Division, Colonel M.G. Krymov. Note that Krymov first took command of the division less than three weeks before the start of the operation, and before that he served in military intelligence, taught at military schools, was transferred to the reserve and again called up to the Red Army in 1943.

The commander of the 28th Army, Lieutenant General V.F. Gerasimenko, served in the Red Army since the Civil War and, having gone through all the previous levels of command and staff work, while graduating from the Frunze Military Academy in 1931, became in 1935. chief of staff of the rifle division. In 1937, in an atmosphere of repression among the senior and senior command staff of the Red Army, Gerasimenko’s career took off, who was appointed commander of the rifle corps, and a year later deputy commander of the troops of the largest Kyiv military district. Since 1940, he has commanded the troops of the Volga Military District. The rapid growth of the young general at a time when many vacant positions appeared, caused not only by repression, but also by the deployment of new formations and associations of the Red Army, is not surprising. Worker-peasant origin, party membership since 1920, academic education and a certain, although insufficient for such high positions, experience in command and staff work, put Gerasimenko among the most promising military leaders of the Red Army.

In 1941, on the basis of the administration of the Volga Military District, the administration of the 21st Army was formed, and Vasily Filippovich became its commander. In June-July 1941, the 21st Army and the 13th Army, to which Gerasimenko was transferred, suffered heavy defeats, and therefore the commander was recalled to the command of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, and then appointed deputy commander of the Reserve Front for the rear, later successively - assistant chief of logistics of the Red Army and commander of the troops of the Stalingrad Military District. In September 1942, in the extreme situation of the enemy offensive, when the enemy approached Stalingrad, Gerasimenko was again returned to a responsible combat post, appointed commander of the 28th Army. On a relatively calm section of the front, the 28th marched all the way to Rostov and further to the Miuss River. Both in the July battles on the “Miuss Front” and later, during the almost four-month offensive, until November 1943, he did not have any special opportunities to show himself as a promising military leader. Having handed over command of the 28th Army in November, Gerasimenko did not hold front-line positions until the end of the war. He was entrusted with the posts of commander of rear military districts.

Further north, in the central sector of the front, the stronger 5th Shock Army under the command of Lieutenant General V.D. Tsvetaev formed its battle formations along the left bank of the Miuss. The army was used to deliver the main attack on the second, northern sector, with seven rifle divisions. 4th Guards (Colonel S.I. Nikitin), 34th Guards. (Colonel F.V. Brailyan) and 40th Guards. (Colonel D.V. Kazak) rifle divisions were part of the 31st Guards. rifle corps, commanded by Major General A.I. Utvenko. The 96th Guards were directly subordinate to the army. (Colonel S.S. Levin), 126th (Colonel A.I. Kazartsev), 221st (Colonel I.I. Blazhevich), 315th (Colonel D.S. Kuropatenko) rifle divisions, as well as 1 -I'm Guards fighter brigade. . The army was strengthened by the 32nd Guards. tank brigade (Colonel F.A. Grinkevich) and the 22nd Guards. separate tank regiment.

4th Guards The rifle division was formed before the war as the 161st Rifle Division and transformed into a Guards Division in September 1941. The division took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, reached the Miuss River in the second half of February 1943, and until mid-March fought bloody but unsuccessful battles with the goal of breaking through the “Miuss Front”. Before the start of the July offensive, while on the defensive, it was replenished with personnel. The division commander, Colonel S.I. Nikitin, took office on the eve of the operation, in June 1943.

34th Guards The rifle division was formed in the summer of 1942 on the basis of the 7th Airborne Corps among eight airborne corps, reorganized into rifle divisions and advanced to the southern sector of the front. These divisions received the rank of guards during their formation, had well-trained personnel from paratroopers, but suffered heavy losses. As a result, by the summer of 1943, the rank and file of the divisions was almost completely renewed. 34th Guards The rifle division took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, then in the battles for Rostov, and in February reached Miuss. Colonel F.V. Brailyan commanded the division since February 1942, after the death of its first commander, who had previously headed the 17th Airborne Corps, Major General I.I. Gubarevich.

40th Guards the rifle division was also formed in the summer of 1942 on the basis of the 6th Airborne Corps. The division was commanded by Colonel D.V. Kazak, appointed shortly before the start of the July offensive. As already mentioned, before this appointment he commanded an infantry regiment.

31st Guards The rifle corps, which controlled the three guards divisions listed above, was re-formed on the Southern Front in April 1943. Major General A.I. Utvenko, who had previously commanded the 33rd Guards, was appointed its commander at the same time. rifle division of the 2nd Guards. army. General Utvenko is a fairly famous military leader who wrote his name in the history of the Great Patriotic War. In the battles near Yelnya in August 1941, he commanded a rifle regiment, was noticed by the commander of the Western Front, G.K. Zhukov, and with the rank of major was appointed commander of the 19th Rifle Division. His immediate superior, Major General Ya.G. Kotelnikov, who commanded this division, was removed from office for “inactivity and failure to comply with combat orders” and the case was transferred to the military prosecutor. Utvenko successfully commanded the division in heavy battles in the summer and autumn of the first war year, and in October, when the formation fell into the “Vyazma cauldron”, he fought his units out of encirclement. After reorganization, Utvenko's division took part in the counteroffensive near Moscow. Commanding the 33rd Guards. rifle division, Utvenko in the summer of 1942, on the distant approaches to Stalingrad, again withdrew the formation from the operational encirclement. The image of Utvenko is known to readers of the military prose of K. Simonov, who knew him personally and considered him a ready-made prototype for the hero of the novel. When the corps command and control level was recreated, the young general, who showed his best side as a division commander, received a higher appointment.

96th Guards The rifle division was formed in April 1942 as the 258th Rifle Division (2nd formation), participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, and then in the Rostov offensive operation, after which it reached Miuss. During the battles near Rostov, the division suffered heavy losses. In January 1943, for example, 128 people remained in the 405th Infantry Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Tantsyura) after leaving the operational encirclement. In May 1943, the division and its regiments became guards. During the attack on Rostov, in January 1943, Lieutenant Colonel S.S. Levin was appointed division commander, who was awarded the next rank in March. Since 1924, after graduating from the infantry school, Levin held various command and staff positions. He fought from the very beginning of the war, before being appointed commander of the formation he was the chief of staff of the division.

The 126th Rifle Division, which took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, was practically destroyed in August 1942. On September 1, it had about 1 thousand personnel out of the original 13 thousand. without artillery. Since March 1943, the division was commanded by Colonel A.I. Kazartsev. His service took place in the Far East, where he held various command positions. After graduating from the Frunze Military Academy in 1936, Kazartsev moved to staff work and was the chief of staff of a rifle division and corps. Since the summer of 1942, as commander of the 87th Infantry Division, Kazartsev participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, however, in December of the same year, due to the enormous losses that the formation suffered, he was relieved of his post. Only in March 1943, during the operational pause, did he receive command of the 126th Infantry Division, which was hastily restored after the summer defeat of 1942 and continued to participate in hostilities.

The 221st Infantry Division was just finishing its formation, which was carried out on the basis of the 79th Infantry Brigade. Colonel I.I. Blazhevich held various command and staff positions before the war, was a teacher, and at the beginning of hostilities he was appointed commander of the airborne brigade of the 6th Airborne Corps, reorganized in 1942 into the 40th Infantry Division . Since August 1942, as commander of the rifle regiment of the 40th Guards. Infantry division Blazhevich participated in the battles on the Stalingrad and then the Southern fronts and first took the post of division commander three weeks before the start of the July offensive. The young division commander received a unit under his command, the combat strength of which was too early to talk about.

The 315th Infantry Division was formed in February 1942 and was introduced into the Active Army in August. The division took part in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Rostov offensive operation. The losses suffered by the formation in these battles were moderate for those times. Colonel D.S. Kuropatenko commanded a number of rifle divisions from February 1942, and in February 1943 he was put in charge of the 315th Rifle Division. Despite the fact that in December 1942 Kuropatenko was removed from command of the 126th Infantry Division of the Stalingrad Front, he was a fairly experienced commander who successfully coped with his duties. It was not for nothing that in September 1943 he was awarded the rank of general.

The commander of the 5th Shock Army, Lieutenant General V.D. Tsvetaev, was undoubtedly a more striking figure than the commanders mentioned above - Khomenko and Gerasimenko. It was not without reason that already in September 1943 he received the rank of colonel general, and in April 1945, for the successes of the armies he led and for his personal courage and heroism, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Only in 1943 did Tsvetaev join the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), ceasing to be a “black sheep” among the senior commanders of the Red Army in this regard. Having begun service in the tsarist army in 1913 and graduating from the Tiflis Military School, he commanded a company and battalion with the rank of lieutenant in the First World War. Since 1918, Tsvetaev continued to serve in the Red Army, participated in the Civil War, and commanded a division. In 1927 he completed the Advanced Courses for Senior Commanders at the Frunze Military Academy and in 1931 he was transferred to teaching at this academy. In 1937, Tsvetaev was returned to the command post, appointed commander of a rifle division. A year and a half after this appointment, Vyacheslav Dmitrievich was arrested and was in prison under investigation for more than a year. In 1939, after the case was terminated, he returned to the ranks of the Red Army and headed to the Frunze Military Academy, where a few months before the start of the war he became the head of the department.

During the military operations, Tsvetaev successfully commanded an operational group on the Karelian Front, was deputy army commander, and in December 1942 he took over 5 units. an army that took part in the Battle of Stalingrad as part of the Southwestern Front, in the Rostov offensive operation of 1943 as part of the Southern Front, and since the spring has occupied the defense on Miussa. At the head of one of Tolbukhin’s armies, aimed at breaking through the “Miuss Front,” there was thus a military leader with sufficient combat experience and outlook, with a high level of military culture by those standards.

The right flank of the Southern Front was provided by the 51st Army under the command of Lieutenant General G.F. Zakharov. The neighbor of the 51st Army on the right was the 3rd Guards. Army of the Southwestern Front. Seven rifle divisions were united under the control of the 51st Army. 50th Guards (Colonel K.A. Sergeev), 54th Guards. (Major General M.M. Danilov) and 91st (Colonel I.M. Pashkov) rifle divisions were part of the 3rd Guards. rifle corps., 87th (Colonel M.S. Ekhokhin), 302nd (Colonel A.P. Rodionov) and 346th (Major General D.I. Stankevsky) rifle divisions - part of the 54th Rifle Division Corps, 99th Infantry Division (Colonel D.A. Lisetsky) was under direct army subordination. The army was strengthened by the 6th Guards. tank brigade (Colonel V.F. Zhidkov). The 51st Army received an auxiliary task - through active offensive operations of three rifle divisions of the 54th Rifle Corps, pin down enemy forces and push them westward.

The most combat-ready component of G.F. Zakhrov’s army is the 3rd Guards. The rifle corps under the command of Major General A.I. Belov, two of whose three divisions were also guards, did not receive an active task in the auxiliary, pinning strike. Such a decision was in accordance with the Headquarters directive, which pointed to the need to preserve the combat potential of the guards formations, which consisted of the most experienced and stable troops. Guards formations were to be used only in the direction of the main attacks or for counterattacks in order to localize the enemy’s obvious successes. 3rd Guards The rifle corps was formed in March 1943 as the 29th rifle corps of the Southwestern Front and was transformed into a guards corps in April, transferred to the Southern Front.

50th Guards the rifle division was formed at the end of 1941 as the 124th rifle division and in November 1942 it was transformed into a guards division. Like most divisions of the Southern Front, it took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. From July 1942 until his appointment in March 1943, the corps commander of the division was commanded by Major General A.I. Belov, who began the war as commander of a rifle regiment. In February 1943, he was replaced in this post by Colonel K.A. Sergeev.

54th Guards The rifle division, formed in April 1942 on the basis of the 51st Rifle Brigade as the 119th Rifle Division, also became a guards division during the Battle of Stalingrad, in December 1942. At the same time, Colonel M.M. Danilov was appointed commander of the division, He began the war as the chief of staff of the regiment and, from May 1942, commanded a rifle regiment before his appointment to the division. In January 1943, Danilov became a major general. Along with the presentation of the Guards banner to the division, the assignment of the rank of general to its commander shows that the command highly appreciated the results of Danilov’s activities during the Battle of Stalingrad.

The 91st Rifle Division was formed at the beginning of 1942 in the Transcaucasian Military District, in April 1942 it was introduced into the Active Army and in August it was advanced to the Stalingrad direction. Two days before the start of the July offensive on Miusse, Colonel I.M. Pashkov, who had commanded a number of divisions since the beginning of 1942, was appointed division commander.

The 54th Rifle Corps was formed on the Southern Front only in June 1943. Major General T.K. Kolomiets, who in 1942 commanded a combined arms army and was demoted to the corps, was appointed commander of the corps. The corps directorate, formed during the operational pause, did not have time before the start of the July offensive, like many other corps-level directorates, which is quite natural, to acquire the necessary experience in command and control.

The 87th Rifle Division was formed in March 1942 (3rd formation) and from July 1942 it operated in the Stalingrad direction, took part in the attack on Rostov and at the end of February 1943 reached Miuss. From December 1942, the division was commanded by a lieutenant colonel, from February 1943 by Colonel M.S. Ekhokhin, who replaced Colonel A.I. Kazartsev, who was removed from his post after heavy losses suffered by the division, as mentioned above. Previously, Ekhokhin did not command a rifle division; he served as chief of staff of a cavalry division. Having gone through many months of intense battles with the formation, by the beginning of the July offensive of 1943 he had acquired some experience in command at the division level. Ekhokhin died literally in the last days of the operation, on August 2, 1943.

The 302nd Rifle Division was formed in the summer of 1941 as a mountain rifle division. From the beginning of 1942, it fought in the Crimea and the North Caucasus, from July - in the Stalingrad direction, and participated in the Rostov offensive operation in January-February 1943. From February 1943, the division was commanded by Colonel A.P. Rodionov.

The 346th Rifle Division, formed in August 1941, operated on the Western Front, then was transferred to the Stalingrad direction. From November 1942, the division was commanded by Major General D.I. Stankevsky, his command was not unsuccessful, judging by the fact that in February 1943 he was awarded the rank of general.

The 99th Rifle Division, which was directly subordinate to the army commander, was formed only in May 1943 on the basis of the 99th Rifle Brigade and could not achieve a high level of combat effectiveness during this time. From the moment of its formation, the division was commanded by Colonel D.A. Lisetsky.

The commander of the 51st Army, G.F. Zakharov, was a figure no less prominent than V.D. Tsvetaev. Like Tsvetaev, he participated in the First World War, commanding a company with the rank of second lieutenant. From 1918 he served in the Red Army, in 1919 he joined the RCP (b). In the period between the wars, while at command posts, he continued his military education, graduating from the Shot courses in 1923, from the Frunze Military Academy in 1933, and from the General Staff Military Academy in 1939, which in itself promoted him to the ranks of promising commanders of the Red Army. It is quite understandable why, after graduating from the academy, given his worker-peasant origin and level of education, Zakharov was appointed chief of staff of the Ural Military District. On the eve of the war, after the district headquarters was transformed into the headquarters of the 22nd Army, Zakharov became its chief.

As chief of staff of the army, having gone through heavy battles with the Western Front in the first months of the war, Zakharov was appointed in August as chief of staff of the Bryansk Front. During the Battle of Moscow, being deputy commander of the troops of the Western Front, he came under the direct leadership of G.K. Zhukov, who appreciated the abilities of his deputy and namesake. It was not without reason that since 1942, Georgy Fedorovich, on the recommendation of Zhukov, was sent to replace the displaced generals in order to rectify the situation in the most critical sectors of the front and held the posts of chief of staff of the North Caucasus direction, the South-Eastern Front, which defended Stalingrad, and deputy commander of the troops of the Stalingrad Front.

Zakharov commanded the 51st Army from February 1943. As already mentioned, during the July battles on the Miuss River, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Guards. army instead of Y.G. Kreiser, who was removed from office. For almost six months in 1944, Zakharov commanded the 2nd Belorussian Front, received the rank of army general, and then again became the head of the army, this time the 4th Guards. The demotion was due to the fact that, on the personal instructions of Stalin, Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal G.K. Zhukov was simultaneously appointed commander of the 1st Belorussian Front. In this regard, Marshal G.K. Rokossovsky, who held this position, moved to command the 2nd Belorussian Front, replacing Zakharov. However, commanding the 4th Guards. army, and then as deputy commander of the 4th Ukrainian Front, Zakharov found himself in the center of intense battles on Lake Balaton, as a result strengthening his authority as a major military leader. During the war, he turned out to be one of the few who avoided removal from their positions for obvious or imaginary failures and omissions in their activities, although he was not awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The 2nd Guards was deployed in the second front echelon. army under the command of Lieutenant General Ya.G. Kreizer, the most powerful and combat-ready army of the Southern Front, which was intended to develop success in the direction of the main attack. 2nd Guards The army was formed according to the order of the Headquarters of October 23, 1942 on the basis of the 1st Reserve Army. The formation was carried out in the rear of the country, in the areas of Tambov, Ranenburg, Michurinsk and Morshansk. Until the end of December, going through the stage of staffing and training of personnel, the army remained in the Headquarters Reserve, at the decisive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad it was introduced into the Stalingrad Front and then became subordinate to the Southern Front. Under the control of the 2nd Guards. Before the start of the July operation on Miuss, the army consisted of six rifle divisions. 24th Guards (Major General P.K. Koshevoy), 33rd Guards. (Colonel I.V. Gribov) and 86th Guards. (Colonel V.P. Sokolovsky) rifle divisions were part of the 1st Guards. Rifle Corps, 3rd Guards. (Major General K.A. Tsalikov), 9th Guards. (Colonel G.Ya. Kolesnikov) and 87th Guards. rifle divisions (Colonel K.Ya. Tymchik) - part of the 13th Guards. rifle corps. Two mechanized corps were introduced into the 2nd Army - the 2nd Guards. mechanized corps (Major General K.V. Sviridov) and 4th Guards. mechanized corps (Lieutenant General of Tank Forces T.I. Tanaschishin).

When forming the 1st Guards. The rifle corps used the already existing command and control and corps units that arrived from the North-Western Front, where the rifle formations of this corps remained, embroiled in heavy fighting. The corps headquarters gained sufficient experience during the war, and the command was headed by Major General I. I. Missan, who also arrived from the North-Western Front. From the beginning of the war, he commanded the 180th Infantry Division, which was reorganized for military merit into the 28th Guards, showing himself to be the best division commander. Having no previous leadership experience at the corps level and not even having previously operated with his division as part of a corps formation, he could rely on the support and experience of his headquarters.

24th Guards rifle division before being transferred to the Headquarters Reserve in October and joining the 2nd Guards. The army fought heavy battles on the Volkhov Front in the Sinyavino area and suffered heavy losses. When staffing up to full staff strength more than 13 thousand people. The division received cadets from military schools and sailors from the Pacific Fleet as reinforcements, which made it possible to prepare well-trained and disciplined units at the reorganization stage. Since July 1942, the division was commanded by Major General P.K. Koshevoy, who was awarded the rank of general in October of the same year. Before the war, having graduated from the Frunze Military Academy, he served as chief of staff of the division and in 1940 was appointed commander of the division, which was included in the Army in November 1941. By the beginning of the operation on the Miuss River, he was one of the most skillful, experienced, and promising commanders of the Red Army. It was not without reason that in August 1943 Pyotr Kirillovich was appointed corps commander.

33rd Guards The rifle division was formed on the basis of the 3rd Airborne Corps in May 1943 and in the summer of the same year received a baptism of fire on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. In the fall, it was allocated for reorganization and replenished the thinned personnel of paratroopers with Komsomol volunteers and sailors of the Pacific Fleet, which made it possible to prepare units no less trained and disciplined than in the 24th Guards Rifle Division. From April 1943, the division was commanded by Major General N.I. Seliverstov, who at the same time received the rank of Major General. Judging by his promotion in rank, he successfully commanded the 347th Rifle Division before this new assignment and replaced Major General A.I. Utvenko, who was transferred to command the 31st Rifle Corps of the 5th Infantry Division. army.

86th Guards The rifle division was transformed from the 98th Rifle Division, which in October 1942, not yet a guards division, became part of the 2nd Guards. army. Colonel V.P. Sokolovsky commanded the division from May 1943.

For the 13th Guards. rifle corps of Major General P.G. Chanchibadze, the department was created again only in November 1943. Chanchibadze, like Missan, also had no experience of leadership at the corps level; before his new appointment, he commanded the included corps of the 49th Guards . rifle division. In addition, the newly appointed commander was deprived of much-needed assistance from a truly efficient headquarters, newly formed under his command. However, by the time of the operation on Miussa, after the battles through which the formation went through during the Battle of Stalingrad, a certain positive shift in this regard could not but occur. Composition of the divisions of the 1st Guards. and 13th Guards. The rifle corps has not undergone major changes since its formation in October–November, which also contributed to an increase in the level of command and control.

3rd Guards The rifle division, among the first four, became a guards division in the difficult September days of 1941, having been transformed from the 153rd rifle division. Major General K.A. Tsalikov commanded the formation since October 1942, when the division was transferred to the General Headquarters reserve and became part of the 2nd Guards. army. After infantry school, from 1932 Tsalikov commanded a platoon and company, and then, having graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1938, he was soon appointed chief of staff of the division. Having started the war in that position, he was already placed at the head of the division in September 1941, showing himself to be a skillful and proactive leader. In November 1942, Tsalikov was awarded the rank of major general.

49th Guards the rifle division became a guards division, like the 3rd Guards, among the first in September 1941 (2nd Guards Motorized Rifle Division). In October 1942, after the General Headquarters was transferred to the reserve, it was transferred to the 2nd Guards. Army and reorganized into the 49th Guards, and its commander P.G. Chanchibadze was transferred to the post of commander of the 13th Guards. rifle corps. In April 1943, Colonel G.Ya. Kolesnikov took command of the division.

87th Guards The rifle division in April 1943 was transformed into a guards division for successes in the battles for Stalingrad from the 300th rifle division. Was under army subordination in the 2nd Guards. army and after being awarded the rank of guards was included in the 13th Guards. rifle corps (instead of the 387th rifle division that had been part of it since the formation). Colonel K.Ya. Tymchik, who began the war as a regiment commander, commanded the division from February 1943, taking office with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

2nd Guards mechanized corps, commanded by Major General K.V. Sviridov (4th Guards, 5th Guards and 6th Guards Mechanized Brigades, 37th Guards Tank Brigade, 99th Motorcycle Battalion, 744- 1st separate anti-tank fighter division, 408th separate guards mortar division of rocket launchers) was deployed during the formation of the 2nd Guards. army based on the 22nd Guards. rifle division. The division's rifle units and separate tank brigades were formed. Commanded the 22nd Guards. rifle division K.V. Sviridov, who took command of the corps, and the divisional control became the corps control of the armored forces formation. It is unlikely that such an urgent change in the nature of combat activity was without complications, but over the six months during which the corps went through difficult military trials, a certain amount of experience at all levels of the formation, experience in command and staff activities, was acquired and accumulated.

4th Guards mechanized corps (13th Guards, 14th Guards and 15th Guards Mechanized Brigades, 36th Guards Tank Brigade, 62nd Motorcycle Battalion, 348th Separate Guards Mortar Division of rocket launchers, 591- th anti-aircraft artillery regiment), commanded by Lieutenant General of Tank Forces T.I. Tanaschishin, 2nd Guards. The army was reinforced on the eve of the operation. The corps was reorganized from the 13th Tank Corps, which was introduced into the Army in June 1942. In January 1943, the corps became a guards mechanized corps and became part of the troops of the Southern Front.

In addition to the listed formations, the 2nd Guards. armies included the 7th Guards. a separate breakthrough tank regiment and the 1543rd heavy self-propelled artillery regiment, which was transferred to the direct subordination of the 2nd Guards. mechanized corps.

It should be noted that all rifle divisions of the 2nd Guards. The armies were guards and were consolidated into guards rifle corps, all brigades of the guards mechanized corps were also guards. In December 1942, the number of personnel and weapons of the guards rifle divisions were expanded compared to other formations, in particular, the number of mortar and artillery weapons and automatic small arms increased. However, the capabilities of rifle formations without reinforcement, primarily by field and anti-tank artillery of the RVGK and tanks for direct infantry support, did not allow them to independently solve combat missions both in the offensive and in defense. To successfully solve problems, mechanized corps could not do without reinforcement with artillery units.

Commander of the 2nd Guards. army Ya.G. Kreizer served in the Red Army since 1921, and since 1928 - in the 1st Moscow Proletarian Division. He went through all levels of command positions, from platoon commander to regiment commander. In addition to the infantry school, which he graduated from in 1923, he had command courses “Shot” under his belt. In 1939, the rifle regiments of the formation were reorganized into divisions, and Kreiser was appointed assistant commander, and then, at the age of 34, commander of the 172nd Rifle Division. After completing a short-term training course for command personnel at the Frunze Military Academy in 1941, on the eve of the war, he became commander of the 1st Motorized Division. This division was stationed in the Moscow Military District, being the successor to the 1st Moscow Proletarian Division, and remained exemplary, participating in parades in Moscow and demonstration exercises. Red Army soldiers and commanders of this division underwent additional selection.

One of the best formations of the Red Army, led by a decisive and courageous commander, distinguished itself in heavy defensive battles on the Berezina in July 1941, and Colonel Kreizer, among the first senior commanders, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Since August 1941, Yakov Grigorievich has commanded the 3rd Army, however, the young and untrained army commander was unable to fully cope with the tasks facing the formation commander. In December 1941, Kreiser was recalled from the front, underwent a short-term retraining course at the Military Academy of the General Staff, after which he fought as deputy army commander until October 1942. In October - November Kreiser was placed at the head of the 2nd Guards. The army, which was at the stage of formation in the Reserve Headquarters, did not conduct combat operations. Only in February 1943, after the participation of the 2nd Guards. army in the Battle of Stalingrad under the command of Lieutenant General R.Ya. Malinovsky and its transition to defense at Miussa, the Headquarters considered it possible, taking into account the strong-willed qualities and authority among his subordinates, to appoint Kreiser as commander of the current formation. Not being an outstanding military leader, he remained in command until the end of the war, unable to avoid being transferred to the same position in the 51st Army during the July battles on Miuss, which then and subsequently operated in secondary sectors of the front.

The front reserve consisted of the 4th Guards. cavalry corps (9th and 10th Guards, 30th Cavalry Divisions) Lieutenant General T.T. Shapkin and 140th Tank Brigade (Colonel I.M. Babenko). In the Rostov area there were the 1st Guards, 78th and 116th fortified areas (URs). The front also consisted of four separate divisions of armored trains - the 28th, 30th, 33rd and 46th, which were supposed , despite their vulnerability, especially from enemy tanks and aircraft, to be actively used, taking into account the developed railway network of Donbass. On the Southern Front in the summer of 1943, armored trains were mainly used together with units of the 44th Army to cover the sea coast on the left flank, as well as to protect railway communications in the immediate operational rear of the front.

Artillery support for units and formations, along with military artillery, was provided by the artillery of the RVGK, transferred to the disposal of the front. At the same time, as a rule, a heavy cannon artillery regiment, a mortar regiment, an anti-tank artillery regiment and an anti-aircraft artillery regiment were organizationally introduced into each combined arms army on a permanent basis, while remaining a means of the RVGK.

The artillery group of the RVGK of the Southern Front, including army artillery, consisted of the 4th Guards. light artillery brigade, 6th Guards. and 114th cannon artillery brigade, 5th Guards. howitzer artillery brigade, 20th Guards. howitzer artillery brigade BM and the 33rd mortar brigade, which were under the control of the 2nd Guards. breakthrough artillery division, six separate cannon (heavy cannon) artillery regiments - 110th Guards, 506th, 1095th, 1101st, 1105th, 1162nd, three separate howitzer artillery regiments - 85th Guards ., 274th, 331st, two anti-tank artillery brigades - 8th and 15th and twelve separate anti-tank artillery regiments - 13th, 113th Guards, 14th, 521st , 530th, 747th, 764th, 1246th, 1250th, 1255th, 491st, 507th, 19th mortar brigade and five separate mortar regiments - 113th Guards, 125th, 483rd, 488th, 489th.

All of the listed artillery formations and units, most from the very beginning of the operation, some, like the 8th anti-tank artillery brigade, were transferred to the operational subordination of the combined arms armies at the beginning of the offensive. The exception was the 7th Guards. cannon artillery regiment from the 6th Guards. cannon artillery brigade, which remained in the front reserve.

The front-line operational group of guards mortar units (rocket-propelled mortars), which increased the fire impact on enemy battle formations, included the 13th Guards. mortar brigade and seven guards. mortar regiments - 2nd Guards, 4th Guards, 19th Guards, 21st Guards, 23rd Guards, 48th Guards, 51st Guards.

Air defense was provided by the 2nd, 18th and 15th anti-aircraft artillery divisions attached to all three armies, which were assigned offensive missions in the main direction. Air cover for the troops was also provided by five separate anti-aircraft artillery regiments of the MZA - 77th Guards, 607th, 1485th, 1530th and 1617th, with one to two additional regiments for each army. In addition, the 223rd, 416th, 459th and 622nd separate anti-aircraft artillery regiments covered the rear facilities of the front, and the 1600th, 1601st, 1602nd and 1603rd – the airfields of the 8th Air Army . Considering the length of the front line, the depth of the combat formations of the troops and the presence of numerous rear facilities, the front anti-aircraft artillery group could not carry out its tasks at the proper level.

Notes and appendices - References - see

180th Kyiv

Military-patriotic education of the younger generation is the most important state task. Surprisingly, the military history of the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the patriotic education of youth is practically not in demand in our time. Even more unclaimed for the current generation is the history of units and subunits of the USSR Armed Forces. But for almost forty months, from June 1941 to October 1944, war raged on Ukrainian soil. On December 18, 1942, with the liberation of the first settlement (the village of Pivnevka, Nikolaevsky district, Luhansk region), the liberation of Ukraine from the occupiers began. On October 28, 1944, the last invaders were expelled from the lands of Transcarpathia. More than 6 million sons and daughters of Ukraine died fighting on the fronts, behind enemy lines, and in captivity. Many units and formations after the war were returned to the USSR and were stationed in Ukraine, in the Odessa Military District in particular. 2012 is passing, and at the same time two dates are almost imperceptibly passing away - the 70th anniversary of the creation and the 20th anniversary of the reduction of one of the most famous rifle divisions - the 180th Kiev Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov motorized rifle division, which is more than 45 for years it was stationed in the city of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky and the region. The history of the 180th Motorized Rifle Division dates back to 1942, when the 180th Rifle Division (1st Formation) was reorganized into the 28th Guards Rifle Division for combat distinction. At the same time, in the summer of 1942, on the basis of the 41st separate rifle brigade, the 180th rifle division (2nd formation) was formed. With the battles of the 180th infantry division, it went through the entire war, participated in the Iasi-Kishinev operation, and ended the fighting in Austria. Hundreds of soldiers and commanders were awarded orders and medals for their exploits. After the war, the division was redeployed to the Soviet Union in Ukraine and became part of the Odessa Military District. In peacetime, the division's soldiers stood guard over the Motherland, helped restore agriculture, and served as assistants to city and district authorities. Not a single holiday was complete without the participation of infantry soldiers. Many officers and warrant officers of the 180th took part in hostilities on the territory of foreign countries. The names of the victims, on the initiative of the city organization of internationalist soldiers, were immortalized on a memorial plaque installed on the building of the former division checkpoint, and now the Belgorod-Dniester border detachment. The search party of the Paratrooper club, engaged in studying the history of military units and subunits stationed in the city, and the history of the combat route of the 180th Motorized Rifle Division in particular, additionally established the name of Senior Sergeant Vasily Ivanovich Fukarev, commander of the 325th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the division, who died while performing combat mission during Operation Danube. For those unfamiliar with the name “Danube”, let us remind you that under this code name the Warsaw Pact operation was carried out in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Fukarev V.I. died on August 28, 1968 and was buried in the village of Andreevka, Odessa region. We hope that after our article, the name Fukarev V.I. will also be immortalized on a memorial plaque at the division checkpoint. In 1957, the division changed from a rifle division to a motorized rifle division and received new weapons and equipment. At different times, the division included regiments and battalions of different numbers. Many of the current military pensioners served in the units and divisions of the division, among them the honorary president of the club, retired colonel Vozdvizhensky V.P., the current deputy mayor of the city, reserve colonel Sergeev S.M., honorary citizen of the city, retired major general Stavrov B.N. and many others. At the moment, the Paratrooper Club and the Association of Paratroopers “Guards Union” are working together to create a Museum of Military Glory, in which a stand with information about the combat path of the 180th Motorized Rifle Division should also take a worthy place. We hope that with the help of our veterans, all people who are not indifferent to the military history of the region, we will be able to collect exhibits and information about this illustrious formation. For all information you are interested in, please contact the Paratrooper club by phone at 6-84-97 and 067-747-88-56.

Head of the Paratrooper club Vitaly Skiba