Basics general education
Line UMK I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps in history
We analyze the tasks and explain the solutions to tasks for contour maps on the history of Russia for grade 7.
Sergey Agafonov, teacher highest category, co-author of textbooks on national history: "Knowledge and ability to work with historical map- a mandatory competency for everyone studying this subject. Since 2015, the DROFA publishing house (part of the Russian Textbook Corporation*) has been publishing a full line of atlases for the IKS (historical and cultural standard), approved by the Russian Military Historical Society. However, it is worth noting that not all schools have completed the transition to this standard, so the new academic year we will be able to offer schools atlases with contour maps inside (blue cover), corresponding to the program for studying Russian history from grades 6 to 9 (suitable for textbooks published before 2015 by any publisher). Also good trainer Atlas+, a free interactive application that expands the capabilities of a printed atlas, will help you master the material.”
Larisa Kadyrova, deputy director for educational work, GBOU School No. 1317, teacher of the highest category, specialty - history:“When working with a contour map and atlas, I advise using two main ways to solve tasks: 1) Visual - find the correct answer based on the map legend 2) Historical - restore the chronology of events and give the appropriate answer).”
The textbook, prepared in accordance with the historical and cultural standard, covers the period of Russian history from the XVI to late XVII V. The content of the textbook is aimed at developing cognitive interests students. The textbook’s methodology is based on a system-activity approach that promotes the formation of skills to independently work with information and use it in practical activities. Buy a history textbook for grade 7
We carry out and explain the solution to Atlas+ tasks for grade 7
I. The Russian state under Vasily III
Russia under Vasily III. Map
Color on the map the territories annexed to the Russian state in appropriate colors. different years. To complete the task, use the map on p. 2 atlases
- View map p.2 of the atlas, in which the date of annexation is written on the annexed territories (Smolensk - 1514, Ryazan Grand Duchy - 1521, southern appanage principalities- 1523), and then paint over the areas with the appropriate colors;
- Determine the time period about which we're talking about and remember the name of the ruler - Ivan III, who actually completed the unification of Russian lands around Moscow in the following sequence of annexation of lands (Pskov, Smolensk, Ryazan, southern appanage principalities).
Russia under Vasily III. Trade
Write to which states they led trade routes passing through these cities. To complete the task, use the map on p. 2 atlases
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- Look at the map legend, it shows symbol“main trade routes” (dashed lines). Now let's find Pskov, Chernigov, Nizhny Novgorod and look carefully at which countries the dotted lines lead to (Pskov - Livonian Order, Chernigov - Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Nizhny Novgorod - Khanate of Kazan);
- In 1417, an agreement was concluded between Pskov and the Livonian Order on a 10-year peace and terms of trade; in the 2nd half of the 14th century. Chernigov became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; after the victory of Moscow troops in the war against Lithuania, Chernigov, together with the Chernigov-Seversk land, was returned to Russia. Despite this trade relations two lands have survived; The main occupation of the population of the Kazan Khanate was agriculture, crafts and trade.
Merchants from Persia, Transcaucasia, Central Asia and the Moscow State. In order to deprive the Tatars of important trading positions, as well as for security reasons, Grand Duke Vasily III of Moscow and All Rus' forbade Russian merchants from going to the Kazan fair and founded a new fair near Nizhny Novgorod in 1523, which later received the name Makaryevskaya.
Russia under Vasily III. Monastery
Determine which monastery was located on the White Sea. To complete the task, use the map on p. 2 atlases
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- Find the White Sea in the north of the state, determine the name of the monastery marked on the map
- Remember the main monasteries of the Moscow state and their geographical location(Trinity-Sergius Monastery (Lavra) - the largest monastery in Russian Orthodox Church. Located in the center of Sergiev Posad, Moscow region; Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery is a male monastery located in the northern part of Suzdal; Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery is a male monastery located near the city of Zvenigorod, Moscow region; Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery is a male monastery located on Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea.
Ermak's campaign. Map
Place objects on the map that correspond to the indicated conventional signs. To complete the task, use the map on p. 5 atlas
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- Look at the map legend, find the symbols of Ermak’s campaign route, and then determine the position of Kashlyk and Pelym on the map; Next, we determine the border of the Russian state by 1552 and the border of the lands annexed to the Russian state as a result of Ermak’s campaigns;
- Let's remember that the history of Ermak's campaign begins with the arrival of the Cossacks on the Kama at the invitation of the Stroganovs to protect their possessions. The campaign begins on September 1, 1581. In October 1582, Ermak’s detachment conquered Kashlyk, the capital Khanate of Siberia, and in 1584 the capital of the Pelym principality - Pelyma.
Ermak's campaign. Conventional signs
Indicate the names of settlements located on the territory of the Siberian Khanate. To complete the task, use the map on p. 5 atlas
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- We determine from the map that settlements Chardyn, Sol-Kamskaya, Verkhne-Chusovaya are located on the Kama River (territory of the Russian state), Karachin, Kashlyk, Pelym are located on the territory of the Siberian Khanate
- We remember that the cities of Karachin, Kashlyk, Pelym offered fierce resistance during Ermak’s campaign in Siberia (Kashlyk is the capital of the Siberian Khanate)
Ermak's campaign. Death of Ermak
Determine in what year Ermak died. To complete the task, use the map on p. 5 atlas.
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- View the map legend, find the symbol “place of Ermak’s death on August 5, 1585.”
- Remember the end of Ermak’s campaign. Ermak died along with a small detachment at the mouth of the Vagai. The Cossacks and servicemen who remained in Kashlyk gathered a circle in which they decided not to spend the winter in Siberia. “She sat down in her plow on the 15th day of August and traveled down the Oba... and through Kamen she came to Rus' to her homes, but left the city [Kashlyk] empty.”
III. Livonian War. 1558-1583
Livonian War. Map
Transfer into the table the numbers corresponding to the names of settlements marked on the map. To complete the task, use s. 6 atlases
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- Using the map legend, we will find the main directions of action of the Russian, Livonian, Lithuanian, Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish troops. Let's correlate these designations in the form of arrows of different colors with the map; all of the above settlements were involved in one way or another during the war. Let's correlate the location of settlements with the task on the map, mark the correct answers in the table (Weissenstein - 4, Velizh - 9, Korela - 1, Narva - 3, Pskov - 6, Revel - 2, Riga - 7, Smolensk - 10, Ermes - 5, Yam-Zapolsky - 8);
- We recall the area of the main military operations ( modern territories Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and Northwestern Russia), mark the settlements on the coast Gulf of Finland(Narva, Revel, Riga). Russian cities of Pskov and Smolensk. Let us take note of the course of hostilities and events associated with the above cities: In 1560 German forces were defeated at Ermes; in 1562, Lithuanian troops raided the Smolensk and Velizh regions. In November 1580, the Swedes took Korela, and in 1581 they occupied Narva. In 1581-1582 passed heroic defense Pskov garrison and the population of the city, and in 1577 the unsuccessful siege of Revel took place. In January 1582, not far from Pskov, a 10-year truce between Yam-Zapolsky and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was concluded; under the terms of the agreement, Russia renounced Livonia and Belarusian lands, but some border lands were returned to it.
Livonian War. States
Answer the questions. To complete the task, use the map on p. 6 atlases
What state arose during the Livonian War? Which state ceased to exist in 1562 during the Livonian War?
The solution can be done in 2 ways:
- Find on the map the name of the state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, under it it is written “since 1569 as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth”; find the Livonian Order on the map, the date is indicated under the name (before 1562);
- Let's remember that during the Livonian War in mid-16th century century, the Order suffered a number of defeats from Russian troops, after which it ceased to exist in 1561; In 1569, the Union of Lublin was concluded between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, according to which both states were united into one - with an elected common monarch (with the double title of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), a common Sejm, a single foreign policy and a unified coin system
Livonian War. date
Determine in what year the Plyus truce was concluded. To complete the task, use the map on p. 6 atlases
The solution can be accomplished in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “signing of the Truce of Plus between Russia and Sweden in 1583.”
- Remember that in 1583, the Truce of Plus was concluded between Sweden and the Moscow state for a period of 3 years (later extended for another 4 years), which was one of the diplomatic acts that ended the Livonian War of 1558-1583.
Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher
IV. Oprichnina 1565–1572
Oprichnina. Map
Color on the map the territories included in the oprichnina in different years with the appropriate colors. To complete the task, use the map on p. 7 atlas
- Find in the map legend the symbol “lands included in the oprichnina.” The lands are marked on the map in three colors, corresponding to the dates the territory entered the oprichnina - 1565, 1566-68, 1569-71. Mark territories on the map different colors in accordance with the catch designation
- Remember that Ivan IV divided all Russian lands into 2 parts - zemshchina and oprichnina. The oprichnina included the best and strategically important lands. In 1565, the oprichnina included: in the central part of the country - Mozhaisk, Vyazma, Suzdal; in the southwest - Kozelsk, Przemysl, Belev, Medyn; in the north - Dvina, Veliky Ustyug, Kargopol, Vologda, as well as palace possessions. Later, Kostroma, Staritsa, part of Novgorod, Obonezhskaya and Bezhetskaya Pyatina were additionally included in the oprichnina inheritance.
Oprichnina. Cities
Indicate the names of the cities in which mass executions took place during the campaign of Ivan IV. To complete the task, use the map on p. 7 atlas
There are 2 ways to solve the problem:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “cities in which mass executions were carried out during Ivan the Terrible’s campaign against Novgorod and Pskov”, mark the corresponding cities on the map (Tver, Torzhok, Vyshny Volochek)
- Remember the events of 1569. Suspecting the Novgorod nobility of complicity in the “conspiracy” of Prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky, who was recently killed on his orders, and at the same time of the intention to surrender to the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus, Ivan the Terrible, accompanied by a large army of guardsmen, marched against Novgorod. Having moved to Novgorod in the fall of 1569, the guardsmen staged massacres and robberies in Tver, Klin, Torzhok, Vyshny Volochek and other oncoming cities (the murder of 1,505 people is documented).
Oprichnina. date
Determine in what year the oprichnina army made a campaign against Novgorod and Pskov. To complete the task, use the map on p. 7 atlas
- Find in the map legend the symbol “Ivan IV’s campaign against Novgorod and Pskov in 1570.”
- Recall the events of 1569, when, suspecting the Novgorod nobility of complicity in the “conspiracy” of Prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky, who was recently killed on his orders, and at the same time intending to surrender to the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus, Ivan the Terrible, accompanied by a large army of guardsmen, opposed Novgorod. On January 2, 1570, advanced detachments led by V. G. Zyuzin approached Novgorod and cordoned off the city with outposts, sealed the treasury in monasteries, churches and private houses, arrested and put monks, priests and prominent Novgorodians on the right. On January 6, Ivan the Terrible himself appeared near the city. As a result, mass executions began in the city. The number of deaths is unknown, scientists estimate from 4-5 (R. G. Skrynnikov) to 10-15 (V. B. Kobrin) thousand people, with a total population of Novgorod of 30 thousand. From Novgorod, Ivan the Terrible went to Pskov. The tsar limited himself only to the execution of several Pskov residents and the robbery of their property.
V. Culture of the Russian state in the 16th century
Culture of Russia in the 16th century. Map
Mark the monasteries with numbers on the map. To complete the task, use the map on p. 9 atlas
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find the symbol “monasteries” in the map legend, find the indicated monasteries on the map and fill in the gaps in the task (if you can complete the task from south to north next sequence numbers 3,4,2,6,5,1,7)
- Recall the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and the main spiritual centers of the Russian state. In the central part of Russia there are the Trinity-Sergius, Pafnutev-Borovsky, Joseph-Volotsky monasteries, to the north (Novgorod region) the Ferapontov and Kirillo-Belozersky monasteries are located, to the north near the Northern Dvina River is the Antoniev-Siysky Monastery and on the White Sea on the islands is the Solovetsky Monastery monastery.
Culture of Russia in the 16th century. Centers
Indicate the names of cultural centers that were annexed to the Russian state in the 16th century. To complete the task, use atlas maps
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- For execution of this assignment you must use 2 maps on p.2 and p.9 of the atlas. First you need to find the symbol on the map p. 9 “largest cultural centers", then compare the territories of the Russian state by the beginning of the 16th century (p. 2 of the atlas) and by the beginning of the 17th century (p. 9 of the atlas). By comparing the maps, it can be determined that the territories of Pskov, Kazan and Smolensk were not part of the Russian state at the beginning of the 16th century.
- Recall the history of the annexation of new territories to Russia in the 16th century. Pskov became part of the Russian state in 1510, Smolensk lands- in 1514, and the capture of Kazan took place in 1552.
Culture of Russia in the 16th century. Monasteries
Answer the question. To complete the task, use the map on p. 9 atlas
Enter the name of the city in which the Novodevichy Convent was founded.
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol "outstanding fresco ensembles", in the list find 1526-1530 - Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent
- Remember the history of the Orthodox women's Novodevichy Convent in Moscow, on Devichye Pole near Luzhniki, at the very end of the historical Prechistenka (currently Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street), which was founded by the Grand Duke Vasily III in 1524 - in honor Smolensk icon Mother of God“Hodegetria” - the main shrine of Smolensk, in gratitude for the capture of Smolensk in 1514. During the first two centuries of its existence, it served as a place of imprisonment for female royalty.
VI. Time of Troubles. Polish intervention in 1604-1618.
Polish intervention. Map
Place numbers on the map that correspond to events. To complete the task, use the map on p. 10 of the atlas
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “the campaign of False Dmitry I against Moscow in 1604-1605” from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (via Kiev, Chernigov) (number 3), find the designation “directions of action of Russian troops in 1604-1605”, marked on the map place and date of the clash between opposing forces (Dobrynichi, 05/21/1605) (number 1). Find the designation “the campaign of False Dmitry II against Moscow in 1607-1608 (through the cities of Starodub, Bryansk, Kozelsk, etc.) (number 5). Find the designation “the campaign of the First Zemstvo Militia under the leadership of Lyapunov and Trubetskoy in 1611.” (Shatsk, Pereyaslav-Ryazansky, Kolomna) (number 2). Find the designation “the campaign of the Polish-Lithuanian troops in 1609-1611” (Minsk, Orsha, Smolensk) (number 4).
- Remember the events of the beginning of the Time of Troubles. False Dmitry I, who laid claim to the Russian throne, gained support Polish king Sigismund III and together with 3000 Polish army went on a campaign against Moscow, occupying cities and villages virtually without a fight. The impostor was opposed by government troops led by Prince F. I. Mstislavsky. The tsar sent the boyar Prince Vasily Shuisky to help Mstislavsky. Moscow troops were expecting the enemy near the village of Dobrynichi, where the battle between the two sides took place. The battle is over complete defeat False Dmitry I, who lost a significant part of his army in the battle. However, False Dmitry I still managed to occupy Moscow, where he stayed until May 1606. On May 17, 1606, as a result of a conspiracy, False Dmitry I was killed. Soon another contender for the Russian throne is announced - False Dmitry II, who is also making attempts to capture Moscow. The impostor's camp is founded in Starodub, the Tula campaign, the siege of Bryansk, and the first campaign against Moscow take place. Then the camp is moved to Tushino and a second campaign against Moscow is made. However, False Dmitry II never conquered Moscow and was killed by Peter Urusov. In 1609 the stage begins Polish-Lithuanian intervention in Russia, which will last until 1611.
Polish intervention. Dates and events
Match events and years. To complete the task, use the map on p. 10 of the atlas
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find on the map the campaigns of False Dmitry I against Moscow (dates are indicated under the arrows) (1605); find on the map the designation “Russian fortresses and fortified settlements”, then find Smolensk, under the name the dates of the siege of 1609-1611 are indicated. West of Moscow, find the settlement of Klushino, which is marked as the site of the battle and the date 06/24/1610 is signed. In the map legend, find the symbol “signing of the Deulin Truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on 12/01/1618.”
- Specified events were described in the tasks above.
Polish intervention. Monastery
Indicate which monastery withstood the siege of the troops of False Dmitry II for two years. To complete the task, use the map on p. 10 atlas
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find on the map the direction of movement of False Dmitry II, the Trinity-Sergius Monastery is indicated north of Moscow and the dates of the siege are 1608-1610.
- Remember that the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery lasted almost sixteen months - from September 23, 1608 to January 12, 1610, when it was lifted by the troops of Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky and Jacob Delagardie.
VII. Time of Troubles. Swedish intervention 1610-1617
Swedish intervention. Map
Using s. 14 of the atlas, determine which letter indicates the place where the Stolbovo Peace Treaty was concluded
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “conclusion of the Stolbovo Peace Treaty between Russia and Sweden on November 27, 1617”, then find this designation on the map and correlate it with the task
- Remember that on February 27, 1617, a peace treaty was signed in Stolbovo (near the Volkhov River), putting an end to the Russian-Swedish war of 1614-1617. Under the terms of the agreement, Sweden returned Novgorod, Porkhov, Staraya Russa, Ladoga, Gdov and Sumerskaya volost. Russia ceded Ivangorod, Yam, Koporye, Oreshek, Korelu to Sweden - that is, the entire access to Baltic Sea In addition, Russia had to pay Sweden 20 thousand rubles.
Swedish intervention. City
Determine which city was captured by the Swedes in 1611. To complete the task, use the map on p. 14 atlases
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find the symbol “campaigns of the Swedish troops” in the map legend and trace the route of the Swedish troops. Dates are signed under the captured cities; you need to find 1611 and correlate it with the city of Novgorod. In addition, on the left there is an image of a detail of the icon - the preparation of Novgorodians for defense against Swedish troops in 1611.
- Remember that in 1610-1617. passed Russian-Swedish war. In 1611, taking advantage political situation, the Swedes begin to seize the Novgorod border lands - Korela, Yam, Ivangorod, Koporye and Gdov were captured. On July 16, 1611, Novgorod was attacked by a Swedish army; Due to the betrayal and retreat of the Moscow governor Buturlin with his detachment, the city was quickly captured.
Swedish intervention. Fortresses
Arrange in sequence from north to south the Russian fortresses that went to Sweden under the Treaty of Stolbovo. To complete the task, use the map on p. 14 atlases
- Find in the map legend the symbol “territories ceded to Sweden under the Stolbovo Peace Treaty of 1617.” Find these territories on the map and write them down in the required sequence from north to south (Korela, Oreshek, Koporye, Yam, Ivangorod)
- 2 way in in this case it is inappropriate to use
VIII. Siberia and the Far East in the 17th century
Siberia in the 17th century. Map
Mark the explorers' routes with numbers on the map. To complete the task, use the map on p. 16–17 atlas
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “routes of development of Siberia and Far East Russian explorers in the 16th and 17th centuries." Find these designations in the form of arrows on the map; under all the arrows the names of the explorers and the dates of the expeditions are signed. Next, you need to correlate the map and the task, and then write down the corresponding numbers (if you follow the direction from west to east, you will get the following order of numbers: 7,6,5,2,3,1,4.
- Remember the names of explorers and the territories that were developed by them: S. Dezhnev - opening of the strait between Asia and America, E. Khabarov - annexation of the Amur lands to Russia, V. Poyarkov - development of lands along the Amur River, V. Atlasov - development of Kamchatka, I. Rebrov - discoverer of the lands of Northern Yakutia, V. Bugor - pioneer of Siberia, Pyanda - pioneer who discovered the Lena River
Siberia in the 17th century. Siege
Answer the question. To complete the task, use the map on p. 16–17 atlas
Enter the name of the city in which the Russian detachment in 1685–1686. withstood a siege by Chinese troops.
You can complete the task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “actions of the Chinese and Mongol troops", find these symbols in the form of arrows on the map. The dates of the siege are indicated under the names of the cities; in 1685-1686 the city of Albazin was besieged
- Remember that the established in China with mid-17th century century, the Manchu imperial Qing dynasty did not recognize the annexation of the Amur lands, which it considered its ancestral domains, to Russia. The siege of Albazin is a struggle between the Russian state and Qing China for the main Russian strong point on the Amur River.
Siberia in the 17th century. Cities and rivers
Match the settlements with the rivers on which they are located. To complete the task, use the map on p. 16–17 atlas
You can complete the task in 1 way:
- Move along the map from west to east, finding large rivers Siberia and the Far East and the settlements that are located on them: Ob - Surgut, Yenisei - Krasnoyarsk, Angara - Bratsk, Shilka - Nerchinsk, Lena - Yakutsk, Kolyma - Srednekolymskoye, Amur - Albazin
IX. Urban uprisings and popular movements of the 17th century
Popular movements of the 17th century. Map
Place the names of cities on the map. To complete the task, use the map on p. 21 atlases
There is only 1 way to complete this task:
- Correlate the map and the task, mark the cities in the direction from south to north (Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Voronezh, Tambov, Tula, Simbirsk, Temnikov, Kazan, Romanov, Novgorod)
Popular movements of the 17th century. Cities
Indicate the names of the cities that were captured rebel army S. Razin. To complete the task, use the map on p. 21 atlases
- Find in the map legend the symbol “campaigns of S. Razin” and “campaigns of the atamans of S. Razin”, trace their route and mark the captured cities (Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Saratov)
- Recall the course of events of the uprising led by Stepan Razin (1767-1771). In the spring of 1670, the Razins captured Tsaritsyn and approached Astrakhan, which the townspeople surrendered to them. After this, the population of the Middle Volga region (Saratov, Samara, Penza) voluntarily went over to Razin’s side.
Popular movements of the 17th century. Moscow
Answer the question. To complete the task, use the map on p. 21 atlases
Write under what name the uprising that took place in Moscow in 1648 went down in history.
You can complete this task in 2 ways:
- Find in the map legend the symbol “places and years of urban uprisings”, then find the city of Moscow, under which the dates of urban uprisings are written. Below the map is an image of the work of E. Lisner " Salt riot»
- Remember that in 1648 a riot broke out in Moscow, the cause of which was the introduction of a tax on salt, the price of which had risen sharply. Let us remember that in those years salt was the main preservative.
X. The Russian state on the eve of Peter’s reforms
Russia on the eve of Peter's reforms. Map
Color agricultural areas on the map. To complete the task, use the map on p. 22 atlases
- Find in the map legend the symbol “main areas of agriculture and fishing”, correlate the specialization of the territories with the task. Pay special attention to mixed areas (Nizhny Novgorod, Belev)
Russia on the eve of Peter's reforms. Trade fairs
Indicate the names of cities that were major centers fair trade. To complete the task, use the map on p. 22 atlases
This task is performed in 1 way:
- Find the symbol “main trade centers” in the map legend, find these symbols on the map and relate them to the task (Nezhin, Pskov, Arkhangelsk)
Russia on the eve of Peter's reforms. People
Answer the question. To complete the task, use the map on p. 22 atlases
Determine what people inhabited the territory Lower Volga region.
This task is performed in 1 way:
- Find the Volga River on the map, find the territory of the Lower Volga region (the confluence of the Volga into the Caspian Sea). In this territory, the people inhabiting it are noted - Kalmyks
Comment: It is better to do the work step by step, sequentially completing tasks for the contour maps. To enlarge the map, simply click on it.
TASKS (part 1)
1. Circle the border of Rus' in 1236.
The border of Rus' in 1236 - green
2. Write the names of the principalities and their centers, highlighted in color on the map.
Novgorod land - Novgorod
Vladimir-Suzdal Principality - Vladimir
Principality of Murom - Murom
Ryazan Principality - Ryazan
Smolensk Principality - Smolensk
Principality of Chernigov - Chernigov
Novgorod - Seversk Principality- Novgorod - Seversky
Pereyaslavl Principality - Pereyaslavl
Principality of Kiev - Kyiv
Volyn Principality - Kholm (mark it on the map yourself)
Principality of Galicia - city of Galich
3. Use arrows to indicate the campaign of the Russian princes and Polovtsians against the Mongols. Indicate the place and date of the battle, which is mentioned in the chronicle: “Russian princes... fought with the Tatars and were defeated by them, and only a few escaped death; Those who were given the lot to survive ran away, but the rest were killed. An old man was killed here good prince Mstislav, and another Mstislav, and seven more princes died, and there were many boyars and ordinary soldiers.”
The campaign of the Russian princes and Polovtsians against the Mongols - orange arrow
Place and date of the battle mentioned in the chronicle - 1223, battle on the Kalka River (orange cross near the coast of the Sea of Azov)
4. Show the campaigns of Khan Batu in 1236-1238 and 1239-1242. Highlight in red the names of the cities burned by the Mongols during the campaigns of Batu Khan.
Campaigns of Khan Batu in 1236-1238. - blue arrows
Campaigns of Khan Batu in 1239-1242. - purple arrows
Cities burned by the Mongols during the campaigns of Batu Khan:
- In Rus': Galich, Kostroma, Yuryevets, Gorodets, Gorokhovets, Suzdal, Vladimir, Yuryev, Pereyaslavl, Dmitrov, Torzhok, Tver, Volok-Lamsky, Moscow, Kolomna, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, Pronsk, Kozelsk, Murom, Ryazan, Novgorod-Seversky , Putivl, Glukhov, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Kiev, Kolodyazhen, Kamenets, Galich, Vladimir-Volynsky, Berestye.
- In Volga Bulgaria: Bilyar, Dzhuketau, Bulgar, Suvar.
5. Mark on the map the places and dates of the battles that the chronicles tell about:
1. “And they took the city... in the month of December in 21 days. And they burned the whole city... And they destroyed the temples of God, and shed a lot of blood in the holy altars. And there was not a single living person left in the city... neither moaning nor crying."
The chronicle tells of the capture of Ryazan by Batu Khan in December 1237 - the place is indicated by the number 1.
2. “Prince Yuri with his brother Svyatoslav and his nephews... and his soldiers went against the filthy. Both armies met, and there was a terrible battle, and ours ran before the foreigners, and then Prince Yuri was killed.”
The chronicle tells of the battle on the City River on March 4, 1238 - the place is indicated by the number 2.
3. “The Tatars call it an evil city, because they fought near it for seven weeks, and killed the Tatars under it three sons temnikovs."
The chronicle tells about the siege and capture of the city of Kozelsk, which took place from March to May 1238 - the place is indicated by the number 3.
TASKS (part 2)
1. Color in the territory of the Livonian Order in 1236 and sign its name.
The territory of the Livonian Order is shaded yellow.
2. Use green arrows to show the direction of the Swedes’ march to Novgorod land and indicate the year it took place.
The Swedes' campaign against the Novgorod land took place in 1240 (green arrows)
3. Use black arrows to indicate the campaigns of the German knights on the Novgorod land.
The campaigns of the German knights to the Novgorod land are indicated by black arrows.
4. Use red arrows to mark the direction of movement of the army of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich and the Novgorod militia against the Swedes and German knights.
The directions of movement of the troops of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich and the Novgorod militia against the Swedes and German knights are indicated by red arrows.
5. Identify and label in the legend which battles are shown on the map.
Battle of the Neva - On July 15, 1240, a famous battle took place on the Neva River between Novgorod army under the command of Prince Alexander Yaroslavovich and the Swedish conquerors. The Russian wars became the winners in this battle. The battle became known as the “Battle of the Neva”, and Prince Alexander Yaroslavovich received the honorary nickname “Nevsky”.
Battle of the Ice - April 5, 1242 on ice Lake Peipus A battle took place between the Russian army led by Alexander Nevsky and the knights of the Livonian Order. Alexander Nevsky won a crushing victory in it, the troops of the Livonian Order were defeated. The battle has since become known as the “Battle of the Ice.”
Liberation from the yoke of the Horde, the defeat of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, and the advance into Siberia decisively changed Russia’s position in Europe, causing increased interest to it from Germany, Hungary and other powers. Fearing gain Ottoman Empire, which subjugated Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Moldavia, Wallachia and kept Crimea as a vassal, they tried to use Russia against it.
In addition, the rich Russian market, its strengthened ties with the countries of the Caucasus and Asia pushed the merchants of England, Italy and other countries to develop trade with Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Novgorod...
However, on the path of Russia’s relations with major countries Europe still had many obstacles. Among them, the main one is the German Livonian Order. He blocked the Baltic route.
The government of Ivan the Terrible decided to restore its former positions in the Baltic states, which had long been economically drawn to Russia and promised the Russian nobility and merchants new possessions and foreign trade income.
In 1558, Russian troops entered Estonia and the Livonian War began, which lasted 25 years. With the active sympathy of the Estonians and Latvians, Russian troops occupied Narva, Dorpat (Tartu), Marienburg (Aluksne), Fellin (Viljandi). The Livonians were completely defeated, and their master W. Furstenberg was captured (1560). The Livonian Order ceased to exist. But Sweden intervened in the war for his former possessions, which captured Revel (Tallinn), and Denmark, which occupied the island of Ezel (Saare Maa). Lithuania, which was only recently forced to return Smolensk to Russia (1514), and in 1563 also lost Polotsk, from where the path to Vilnius opened before Grozny, united with Poland under the Union of Lublin (1569) into one state - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzecz-pospolita - republic ).
Polish and Lithuanian feudal lords not only took control of most Livonia, but also resolutely opposed Russia, fearing that they would finally lose all those captured in the 14th century. Belarusian and Ukrainian lands. The war became protracted.
Opposition to a strong coalition, devastating invasions Crimean hordes, reaching Moscow, the betrayals of the boyar governors, combined with the disasters of the oprichnina, undermined the Russian economy and led to the loss of what had been won. It was not possible to get through to the Baltic Sea.