Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787/1855) - Russian poet. IN early period creativity, Batyushkov was assigned the title of head of the anacreontic movement with his characteristic chanting of the joys of life (“Bacchae”, “Merry Hour”, “My Penates”). In more later years Batyushkov’s poetry acquires completely different - elegiac and tragic - motives, which are a reflection of the spiritual crisis he suffered (“Hope”, “My Genius”, “Separation”, “Dying Tass”).
Guryeva T.N. New literary dictionary/ T.N. Guryev. – Rostov n/d, Phoenix, 2009, p. 29-30.
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787 - 1855), poet.
Born on May 18 (29 NS) in Vologda into a noble noble family. His childhood years were spent on the family estate - the village of Danilovskoye, Tver province. Home education was supervised by his grandfather, the leader of the nobility of the Ustyuzhensky district.
From the age of ten, Batyushkov studied in St. Petersburg in private foreign boarding schools and spoke many foreign languages.
From 1802 he lived in St. Petersburg in the house of his relative M. Muravyov, a writer and educator, who played decisive role in the formation of the poet’s personality and talent. He studies the philosophy and literature of the French Enlightenment, ancient poetry, literature Italian Renaissance. For five years he served as an official in the Ministry of Public Education.
In 1805 he made his debut in print with satirical poems “Message to My Poems.” During this period, he wrote poems mainly of the satirical genre ("Message to Chloe", "To Phyllis", epigrams).
In 1807 he is registered as civil uprising and as the commander of a hundred-man militia battalion he goes on the Prussian campaign. In the battle of Heilsberg he was seriously wounded, but remained in the army and in 1808 - 09 participated in the war with Sweden. After retiring, he devoted himself entirely to literary creativity.
The satire "Vision on the Shores of Lethe", written in the summer of 1809, marks the beginning mature stage Batyushkov's creativity, although it was published only in 1841.
In 1810 - 12 he actively collaborated in the journal "Bulletin of Europe", became close to Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky and other writers. His poems “The Merry Hour”, “The Happy One”, “The Source”, “My Penates”, etc. appear.
During the War of 1812, Batyushkov, who did not join the active army due to illness, experienced “all the horrors of war,” “poverty, fires, hunger,” which was later reflected in the “Message to Dashkov” (1813). In 1813 - 14 he participated in the foreign campaign of the Russian army against Napoleon. The impressions of the war formed the content of many poems: “The Prisoner”, “The Fate of Odysseus”, “Crossing the Rhine”, etc.
In 1814 - 17 Batyushkov traveled a lot, rarely staying in one place for more than six months. He is going through a severe spiritual crisis: disappointment in the ideas of enlightenment philosophy. Religious sentiments are growing. His poetry is painted in sad and tragic tones: the elegy “Separation”, “Shadow of a Friend”, “Awakening”, “My Genius”, “Tavrida”, etc. In 1817 the collection “Experiments in Poems and Prose” was published, which included translations , articles, essays and poems.
In 1819 he left for Italy at the place of his new service - he was appointed an official at the Neopolitan mission. In 1821 he was overcome by an incurable mental illness (persecution mania). Treatment in the best European clinics was not successful - Batyushkov never returned to normal life. His last years passed with relatives in Vologda. Died of typhus
July 7 (19 n.s.) 1855. Buried in Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery .
Materials used from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.
Vologda. Monument to K. Batyushkov.
Photo A.N. Savelyeva
.
BATYUSHKOV Konstantin Nikolaevich (05/18/1787-07/7/1855), Russian poet. Born into a family that belonged to the ancient Novgorod nobility. After the early death of his mother, he was brought up in private St. Petersburg boarding schools and in the family of the writer and public figure M. N. Muravyov.
From 1802 - in the service of the Ministry of Public Education (including clerk for Moscow University). He gets close to Radishchev's Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts, but quickly moves away from it. His creative connections with the circle are much closer A. N. Olenina (I. A. Krylov, Gnedich, Shakhovskoy), where the cult of antiquity flourished. Actively collaborates in the magazine “Flower Garden” (1809).
Enters literary circle“Arzamas”, actively opposing the “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word”, an association of patriotic writers and linguists (cm.: Shishkov A.S.). In the satire “Vision on the Shores of Lethe” (1809) he first used the word "Slavophile".
In the 1810s, Batyushkov became the head of the so-called. “light poetry”, dating back to the tradition of anacreoticism of the 18th century. (G. R. Derzhavin, V. V. Kapnist): chanting the joys of earthly life is combined with the affirmation inner freedom the poet from the political system, whose stepson the poet felt himself to be.
The patriotic inspiration that gripped Batyushkov in connection with Patriotic War of 1812, takes him beyond the limits of “chamber lyricism”. Under the influence of the hardships of war, the destruction of Moscow and personal upheavals, the poet experiences a spiritual crisis, disillusioned with educational ideas.
In 1822, Batyushkov fell ill with a hereditary mental illness, which forever stopped his literary activity.
BATYUSHKOV Konstantin Nikolaevich (05/18/1787 - 07/7/1855), poet. Born in Vologda. He belonged to an old noble family. He was brought up in St. Petersburg, in private foreign boarding schools. Except French, was fluent in Italian and later Latin. He served in the military (he was a participant in three wars, incl. foreign trip 1814) and minor bureaucratic service, later - in the Russian diplomatic mission in Italy. In 1822 he fell ill with a hereditary mental illness that had long been creeping up on him. From 1802 he settled in the house of the writer M. N. Muravyov, his relative; Then he began to write poetry. He became a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts. With his poetic satire “Vision on the Shores of Lethe” (1809), which was widely published in lists, Batyushkov took an active part in the controversy with “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word.” Batyushkov was the first to use the word “Slavophile,” which later became widely used. Batyushkov joined the Arzamas literary circle, which opposed Beseda, which included representatives of new literary movements- from V. A. Zhukovsky and D. V. Davydov to the young Pushkin , whose powerful talent Batyushkov immediately highly appreciated. He became close to the circle of A.N. Olenin, where the cult of antiquity flourished. Batyushkov’s works, published in magazines, were published in a separate publication in 1817 - “Experiments in Poems and Prose” (in 2 parts).
Batyushkov became the head of the so-called. “light poetry”, dating back to the tradition of anacreontics of the 18th century, most prominent representatives which were G.R. Derzhavin and V.V. Kapnist (“a sample in a syllable,” as Batyushkov called it). The chanting of the joys of earthly life - friendship, love - was combined in Batyushkov’s intimate friendly messages with the affirmation of inner poet's freedom, its independence from the “slavery and chains” of the feudal-absolutist social order, whose stepson he felt keenly. The programmatic work of this kind was the message “My Penates” (1811-12, published 1814); according to Pushkin, it “...breathes with some kind of rapture of luxury, youth and pleasure - the syllable trembles and flows - the harmony is charming.” An example of “light poetry” is the poem “The Bacchante” (published in 1817). The patriotic inspiration that gripped Batyushkov in connection with the War of 1812 took him beyond the boundaries of “chamber” lyrics (the message “To Dashkov”, 1813, the historical elegy “Crossing the Rhine”, 1814, etc.). Under the influence of the painful impressions of the war, the destruction of Moscow and personal upheavals, Batyushkov is experiencing a spiritual crisis. His poetry is increasingly colored in sad tones (elegy “Separation”, 1812-13; “Shadow of a Friend”, 1814; “Awakening”, 1815; “To a Friend”, 1815, etc.), sometimes reaching extreme pessimism (“Material Melchizedek", 1821). Among Batyushkov’s best elegies are “My Genius” (1815) and “Tavrida” (1817). Significant contribution In the development of Russian poetry, Batyushkov’s deep lyricism appeared, combined with an artistry of form unprecedented until then. Developing the tradition of Derzhavin, he demanded from the poet: “Live as you write, and write as you live.” Many poems are like pages of a poeticized autobiography of Batyushkov, whose personality already shows the traits of a disappointed, early aged, bored “hero of the time”, which later found artistic expression in the images of Onegin and Pechorin. In terms of poetic mastery, Batyushkov’s models were the works of ancient and Italian poets. He translated the elegies of Tibullus, poems by T. Tasso, E. Parni and others. One of Batyushkov’s most famous works, the elegy “The Dying Tass” (1817), is dedicated to the tragic fate of the poet - a topic that persistently attracted Batyushkov’s attention.
The genres of “light poetry,” according to Batyushkov, require “possible perfection, purity of expression, harmony in style, flexibility, smoothness” and therefore are the best remedy for “education” and “improvement” of the poetic language (“Speech about mild influence poetry into language", 1816). Batyushkov also wrote in prose, believing that this is also important school for the poet (mainly essays, articles on literature and art; the most significant of them are “Evening at Cantemir’s”, “Walk to the Academy of Arts”). Batyushkov's verse reached high artistic perfection. Contemporaries admired his “plasticity”, “sculpture”, Pushkin - his “Italian” melodiousness (“Italian sounds! What a miracle worker is this Batyushkov”). With his translations “From the Greek Anthology” (1817-18) and “Imitations of the Ancients” (1821), Batyushkov prepared anthological poems by Pushkin. Batyushkov was burdened by the narrowness of themes and motives, the monotony of the genres of his poetry. He conceived a number of monumental works filled with the content “ useful to society, worthy of himself and the people,” was fond of Byron’s work (translation into Russian from “The Wanderings of Childe Harold”). All this was cut short by mental illness, which forever stopped Batyushkov’s literary activity. The poet noted bitterly: “What can I say about my poems! I look like a man who did not reach his goal, but he was carrying on his head a beautiful vessel filled with something. The vessel fell off the head, fell and broke into pieces, now go find out what was in it.” Pushkin, objecting to critics who attacked Batyushkov’s poetry, called on them to “respect his misfortunes and unripe hopes.” Batyushkov played a significant role in the development of Russian poetry: along with Zhukovsky, he was the immediate predecessor and literary teacher of Pushkin, who accomplished much of what Batyushkov started.
Site materials used Great encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru
Batyushkov and Pushkin
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1853) - poet, participant Patriotic War 1812. Pushkin met Batyushkov as a child, in his parents’ house. Their communication was especially frequent in 1817-1818, at meetings of the Arzamas society. Batyushkov’s poetry, saturated with motifs of carefree love, friendship, and the joy of communicating with nature, has had an impact strong influence on Pushkin's early work. Unknown artist. 1810s
Book materials used: Pushkin A.S. Works in 5 volumes. M., Synergy Publishing House, 1999.
+ + +
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855). Pushkin was still a boy when he first saw Batyushkov in his parents' Moscow house. A few years later, Batyushkov is a brilliant military officer and famous poet- came to Tsarskoe Selo to visit a promising lyceum student (1815). By this time, young Pushkin was already reading Batyushkov’s poems, imitating them, and learning from them. Until the end of his days, he remained a supporter of the “school of harmonic precision”, the founders of which he considers Zhukovsky and Batyushkov - this “miracle worker” who brought “Italian sounds” to Russian poetry.
Pushkin’s personal communication with Batyushkov was not too close and long-lasting. They met in the Arzamas literary society, of which they were members, and saw each other on “Saturdays” at V. A. Zhukovsky’s, in the Olenins’ salon and in other St. Petersburg houses. Batyushkov entered diplomatic service and received an appointment to Italy. Pushkin was among those who came to see him off and say goodbye. It was November 19, 1818. Since then, he saw Batyushkov only once more, many years later, when he visited the mentally ill poet in Gruziny near Moscow on April 3, 1830. The impression from this last meeting was apparently reflected in the poem “God forbid I go crazy...”.
Batyushkov's fate is full of tragedy. Having outlived Pushkin by almost two decades, he nevertheless remained for his contemporaries and descendants his young predecessor, who did not have time to demonstrate his exceptional talent. He himself understood this and wrote with bitterness: “What can I say about my poems! I look like a man who did not reach his goal, but he was carrying on his head a beautiful vessel filled with something. The vessel fell off the head, fell and broke into pieces. Now go find out what was in it.”
And Pushkin called on Batyushkov’s critics to “respect his misfortune and unripe hopes.” Throughout his life, he carefully studied and highly appreciated what Batyushkov managed to do in Russian poetry. Melody, euphony, freedom of intonation, extraordinary harmony of all elements of Batyushkov’s verse, plasticity of the lyrics, unconventional image of the author - a sage and epicurean - all this made Batyushkov a direct teacher young Pushkin. You could even say that he was “Pushkin before Pushkin.”
Both poets were aware of this deep affinity of talents. That’s why Batyushkov was so delighted with the first songs of “Ruslan and Lyudmila”: “Wonderful, rare talent! taste, wit, invention, gaiety. At nineteen years old, Ariost could not have written better...” (1818, letter to D.N. Bludov). And two years later, regarding Pushkin’s poem “To Yuryev”: “Oh! how this villain began to write.”
IN Lyceum years Pushkin dedicated two messages to Batyushkov. In many poems of that time, he imitates the “Russian Guys” (“Gorodok”, “Shadow of Fonvizin”, “Memories in Tsarskoe Selo” and others). In conversations and sketches of critical articles of 1824-1828, Pushkin constantly returns to assessing the work and historical significance of Batyushkov. The most detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of Batyushkov’s lyrics is contained in Pushkin’s notes in the margins of his book “Experiments in Poems.” Researchers find traces of Batyushkov’s influence in later works Pushkin.
L.A. Chereisky. Contemporaries of Pushkin. Documentary essays. M., 1999, p. 55-57.
Read further:
Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich(1799-1837), poet.
Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery, Vologda diocese, in the vicinity of Vologda.
Essays:
Experiments in poetry and prose, parts 1-2. St. Petersburg, 1817;
Op., [Intro. Art. L. N. Maykova, note. him and V.I. Saitov], vol. 1-3, St. Petersburg, 1885-87.
Literature:
Grevenits I. Several notes about K. N. Batyushkov // VGV. 1855. N 42, 43;
Gura V.V. Russian writers in Vologda region. Vologda, 1951. P. 18-42;
Lazarchuk R. M. New archival materials to the biography of the poet K. N. Batyushkov // Russian literature. 1988. N 6. P. 146-164;
Maykov L.N. Batyushkov, his life and works. St. Petersburg, 1896;
Sotnikov A. Batyushkov. Vologda, 1951;
Tuzov V.I. In memory of the Vologda poet K.N. Batyushkov. Vologda, 1892.
Key dates in the life and work of K. N. Batyushkov/ Comp. I. M. Semenko// Batyushkov K. N. Experiments in poetry and prose / USSR Academy of Sciences; Ed. prepared I. M. Semenko. - M.: Science, 1977 . - (Lit. monuments). - pp. 596-599.
KEY DATES
LIFE AND CREATIVITY
K. N. BATYUSHKOVA
1787 May 18 (29) in Vologda, in the family of Nikolai Lvovich Batyushkov and his wife Alexandra Grigorievna, born. Berdyaeva, born Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov.
1787-1797. Lives in the Batyushkov family estate, the village of Danilovsky, Bezhetsk district, Tver province.
1795. Death of mother.
1797-1800. Stay at the French guesthouse Jaquino in St. Petersburg.
1801-1802. Stay at the Italian guesthouse Tripoli in St. Petersburg.
1802. First famous poem"Dream".
1802-1806. Lives in the house of his cousin, writer M. N. Muravyov; serves in his office in the Ministry public education"writer at Moscow University." He becomes close to the poet I. P. Pnin, N. A. Radishchev (son of A. N. Radishchev) and the family of an expert on antiquity, the future president of the Academy of Arts, A. N. Olenin.
1805. First appearance in print: “Message to My Poems” was published in the magazine “News of Literature.” Published in Severny Vestnik and in the Journal of Russian Literature. Accepted as a member of the “Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts.”
1807. Enlists in the militia (militia), participates in a campaign in Prussia. Wounded (in the leg) near Heilsberg. He is being treated in Riga in the house of the merchant Mugel. Infatuation with his daughter. Transfer to the Guard. Life in St. Petersburg and in the village of Khantonovo, Novgorod province, inherited from my mother.
1808. Participation in the war with Sweden. During the campaign in Finland, the message “To Tassu” was written and an excerpt from T. Tasso’s poem “Jerusalem Liberated” was translated.
1809. In the first half of the year he is in Sweden, then he receives leave and lives in Khantonov. “Vision on the Shores of Lethe” and “Memoirs” were written.
1810. Resigns with the rank of second lieutenant. In Moscow he translates Guys and Petrarch. Meets N. M. Karamzin, makes friends with V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky, V. L. Pushkin. The second half of the year he lives in Khantonov.
1811. First half of the year in Moscow. “My penates” are written.
1812. Since the beginning of the year - in St. Petersburg. Service in the Public Library as assistant curator of manuscripts. A few days before the Battle of Borodino, he comes to Moscow and accompanies the widow of the writer E.F. Muravyova and her children to Nizhny Novgorod.
1813. Arrival in St. Petersburg. Passion for the Olenins' pupil Anna Furman. Poems “To Dashkov” and “Singer in the conversation of lovers of the Russian word.” Re-enrolled on military service. He goes to the active army, to Dresden (Saxony) as an adjutant to General N.N. Raevsky. Participates in the battle of Leipzig.
1814. Participates in battles in France and in the siege of Paris. Visits Ciret Castle, where Voltaire lived. Lives in Paris, visits theaters, the Louvre, and attends the Academy meeting. Receives leave and returns to Russia through England and Sweden. The essays “Walk to the Academy of Arts”, “Shadow of a Friend”, “On the Ruins of a Castle in Sweden” were written.
1815. Returns from vacation to Kamenets-Podolsky, where he is located military unit. Admitted in absentia to the Karamzinist society "Arzamas". Elegies were written: “My Genius”, “Separation”, “Tavrida”, “Hope”, “To a Friend”, “Awakening”, “The Last Spring” and a number of prose works.
1816. Arrives in Moscow. Transferred to the Guard, but decides to retire. Accepted in " Moscow Society lovers of literature." “It’s about the influence of light poetry on language.” Preparing the first volume of “Experiments” (prose) for publication. “Evening at Cantemir” and the poems “Song of Harald the Bold”, “Hesiod and Omir, Rivals” were written. At the end of the year he moves to Khantonovo.
1817. Lives in Khantonov. He is preparing the second volume of “Experiments” (poems). In the summer he moves to St. Petersburg. Participates in meetings of Arzamas. Written “Crossing the Rhine”, “Dying Tass”, “Arbor of the Muses”, part of the poems of the cycle “From the Greek Anthology”; Two volumes of “Experiments” are published, favorably assessed by critics. A number of unrealized works were conceived (the fairy tale “Balladera”, the poems “Rusalka” and “Rurik”, a course on the history of Russian literature).
1818. At the beginning of the year he comes to St. Petersburg and is trying to enter the diplomatic service. He goes to Crimea for treatment, where he is interested in archeology. After a farewell in St. Petersburg and farewell to the “Arzamas” team, he leaves for Italy on November 19. In 1817-1818 he created a series of translations from the Greek anthology.
1819-1820. At the beginning of the year he lives in Rome, then in Naples, where he hosts the artist S. Shchedrin and patronizes a colony of Russian artists. He is interested in Byron, whom he reads in Italian translations. Translates an excerpt from Childe Harold, writes the poem “You Awaken, O Baya, from the Tomb.”
1820. Continues diplomatic service in Italy.
1821. Receives indefinite leave for health reasons. He is treated in the waters in Teplice. Writes “Imitations of the Ancients.” He is planning a new edition of his poems. A misunderstanding with the publication in CO of P. A. Pletnev’s elegy “B .... , to from Rome,” which he regards as a hostile attack. In September he moves to Dresden. Writes<«Изречение Мельхиседека»>and burns everything he wrote in Italy.
1822. Returns to St. Petersburg, then is treated in the Caucasus mineral waters. Lives in Simferopol. Increasing mental distress.
1823. Burns his library. Attempts suicide three times.
1824. His sister takes him to a psychiatric hospital in Sonnenstein (Saxony).
1824-1827. Unsuccessful treatment in Sonnenstein.
1828-1832. Lives with relatives in Moscow.
1833-1855. Resigns with the appointment, at the request of V. A. Zhukovsky, of a pension. Lives with relatives in Vologda.
Everyone knows the Vologda poet Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov. His biography is bright and tragic. The poet, whose creative discoveries were brought to perfection by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, was a pioneer in the development of the melodiousness of the Russian language. He was the first to notice in him, “somewhat stern and stubborn,” remarkable “strength and expressiveness.” Batyushkov’s creative achievements were recognized as classics even during his lifetime by the entire Russian poetic world of his time, and primarily by Karamzin and Zhukovsky.
Childhood
The dates of the poet's life are 05/18/1787 - 07/07/1855. He belonged to the old noble family of the Batyushkovs, which included generals, public figures, and scientists.
What can Batyushkov’s biography tell about the poet’s childhood? Interesting Facts will come later, but for now it is worth noting that the child suffered from the death of his beloved mother. Alexandra Grigorievna Batyushkova (nee Berdyaeva) died eight years after the birth of Kostya. Were the years spent on the family estate in the village of Danilovskoye (modern Vologda region) happy? Hardly. Konstantin's father, Nikolai Lvovich Batyushkov, a bilious and nervous man, did not pay due attention to his children. He had an excellent education and was tormented by the fact that he was unclaimed for his job because of a disgraced relative involved in a palace conspiracy.
Study, self-education
However, at the behest of his father, Konstantin Batyushkov studied in expensive but unspecialized St. Petersburg boarding schools. The biography of his youth is marked by a strong-willed and far-sighted act. He, despite his father’s protests, quit school in boarding schools and zealously began self-education.
This period (from 16 to 19 years) is marked by the transformation of a young man into a person of humanitarian competence. Konstantin’s benefactor and beacon turned out to be his influential uncle Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov, senator and poet, trustee of Moscow University. It was he who managed to instill respect in his nephew ancient poetry. Thanks to him, Batyushkov, having studied Latin, became a fan of Horace and Tibullus, which became the basis of his further work. He began to achieve, through endless edits, the classical melodiousness of the Russian language.
Also, thanks to the patronage of his uncle, eighteen-year-old Konstantin began to serve as a clerk at the Ministry of Education. In 1805, his poem was published for the first time in the magazine “News of Russian Literature.” He meets St. Petersburg poets - Derzhavin, Kapnist, Lvov, Olenin.
First injury and recovery
In 1807, Constantine's benefactor and first adviser, his uncle, died. Perhaps, if he were alive, only he would have persuaded his nephew not to expose his fragile nervous system hardships and adversities military service. But in March 1807 year goes by volunteer for the Prussian campaign Konstantin Batyushkov. He is wounded in the bloody battle of Heilsberg. He is sent for treatment first to Riga, and then released to the family estate. While in Riga, he falls in love with merchant's daughter Emilia young Batyushkov. This passion inspired the poet to write the poems “Memories of 1807” and “Recovery.”
War with Sweden. Mental trauma
Having recovered, Konstantin Batyushkov again set off in 1808 as part of the Jaeger guards regiment to war with Sweden. He was a courageous officer. Death, blood, loss of friends - all this was hard for Konstantin Nikolaevich. His soul was not hardened by the war. After the war, the officer came to rest on the estate with his sisters Alexandra and Varvara. They noted with alarm that the war had left a heavy mark on their brother’s unstable psyche. He became overly impressionable. He periodically experienced hallucinations. In letters to Gnedich, his friend from his service in the ministry, the poet writes directly that he is afraid that in ten years he will completely go crazy.
However, friends tried to distract the poet from painful thoughts. And they partially succeed in this. In 1809, Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov plunged into the St. Petersburg salon and literary life. A short biography will not describe all the events that happened in the poet’s life. This time is marked by personal acquaintances with Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky. Ekaterina Fedorovna Muravyova (the widow of a senator who once helped Batyushkov) brought her cousin to them.
In 1810, Batyushkov retired from military service. In 1812, with the help of friends Gnedich and Olenin, he got a job as an assistant curator of manuscripts at the St. Petersburg Public Library.
War with Napoleonic France
At the beginning of the Patriotic War with France, retired officer Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov sought to join the active army. He commits Noble act: the poet accompanies the widow of his benefactor E.F. Muravyova to Nizhny Novgorod. Only from March 29, 1813, he served in the Rylsky infantry regiment as an adjutant. For courage in the battle of Leipzig, the officer is awarded 2nd degree. Impressed by this battle, Batyushkov writes the poem “Shadow of a Friend” in honor of his deceased comrade I. A. Petin.
His work reflects the evolution of the poet's personality, from romanticism to match the Age of Enlightenment to the greatness of the spirit of a Christian thinker. His poetry about the war (the poems “On the Ruins of a Castle in Sweden”, “Shadow of a Friend”, “Crossing the Rhine”) is close in spirit to a simple Russian soldier, it is realistic. Batyushkov writes sincerely, without embellishing reality. The biography and work of the poet described in the article are becoming more and more interesting. K. Batyushkov begins to write a lot.
Non-reciprocal love
In 1814, after a military campaign, Batyushkov returned to St. Petersburg. Here he will be disappointed: his feelings are not reciprocated by the beautiful Anna Furman, a pupil of the Olenins’ house. Or rather, she says “yes” only at the request of her guardians. But the scrupulous Konstantin Nikolaevich cannot accept such ersatz love and, offended, refuses such a marriage.
He is awaiting transfer to the Guard, but the bureaucratic delays are endless. Without waiting for an answer, in 1816 Batyushkov resigned. However, the years 1816-1817 turned out to be extremely fruitful for the poet in terms of creativity. He actively participates in the life of the Arzamas literary society.
The period of revelation in creativity
In 1817, his collected works “Experiments in Poetry and Prose” were published.
Batyushkov endlessly corrected his rhymes, achieving the precision of his words. The biography of this man’s work began with vocational studies them of ancient languages. And he managed to find echoes of rhymes in Russian poetics Latin language and ancient Greek!
Batyushkov became the inventor of that poetic Russian language that Alexander Sergeevich admired: “the syllable... trembles,” “the harmony is charming.” Batyushkov is a poet who found a treasure, but could not use it. At the age of thirty, his life was clearly divided into “before and after” by a black streak of paranoid schizophrenia, manifested in persecution mania. This disease was hereditary in his family on his mother’s side. The eldest of his four sisters, Alexandra, suffered from it.
Progressive paranoid schizophrenia
In 1817, Konstantin Batyushkov plunged into spiritual anguish. The biography says that there was a difficult relationship with his father (Nikolai Lvovich), which ended in complete discord. And in 1817 the parent dies. This was the impetus for the poet’s conversion to deep religiosity. Zhukovsky supported him morally during this period. Another friend, A.I. Turgenev, secured a diplomatic position for the poet in Italy, where Batyushkov stayed from 1819 to 1921.
The poet had a severe psychological breakdown in 1821. Called him boorish attack(the libelous verses of “B..ov from Rome”) against him in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland.” It was after this that persistent signs of paranoid schizophrenia began to appear in his health.
Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov spent the winter of 1821-1822 in Dresden, periodically falling into madness. The biography of his work will be interrupted here. Swan song Batyushkov’s poem “The Testament of Melchizedek” becomes.
The meager life of a sick person
The poet's further life can be called the destruction of personality, progressive madness. At first, Muravyov’s widow tried to take care of him. However, this soon became impossible: the attacks of persecution mania were intensifying. IN next year Emperor Alexander I allocated his treatment in a Saxon psychiatric institution. However, four years of treatment had no effect. Upon arrival in Moscow, Konstantin, whom we are considering, feels better. Once Alexander Pushkin visited him. Shocked by the pathetic appearance of Konstantin Nikolaevich, a follower of his melodic rhymes writes the poem “God forbid I go crazy.”
The last 22 years of a mentally ill person’s existence were spent at the home of his guardian, Grevens’ nephew G.A. Here Batyushkov died during a typhus epidemic. The poet was buried at the Vologda Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery.
Conclusion
The work of Batyushkov in Russian literature occupies a significant place between Zhukovsky and the era of Pushkin. Later, Alexander Sergeevich would call K. Batyushkov his teacher.
Batyushkov developed the genres of “light poetry”. In his opinion, its flexibility and smoothness can decorate Russian speech. Among the poet's best elegies one should name "My Genius" and "Tavrida".
By the way, Batyushkov also left behind several articles, the most famous being “Evening at Cantemir’s”, “Walk to the Academy of Arts”.
The main lesson from Konstantin Nikolayevich, which the author of “Eugene Onegin” adopted, was the creative need to first “experience in your soul” the plot of the future work before putting pen to paper.
Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov lived such a life. A short biography, unfortunately, cannot cover all the details of his difficult fate.
Biography
Batyushkov, Konstantin Nikolaevich, famous poet. Born on May 18, 1787 in Vologda, he came from an ancient, but humble and not particularly rich noble family. His great-uncle was mentally ill, his father was an unbalanced, suspicious and difficult person, and his mother (nee Berdyaeva) soon after the birth of the future poet went crazy and was separated from her family; Thus, B. had a predisposition to psychosis in his blood. B. spent his childhood in the family village of Danilovskoye, Bezhetsk district, Novgorod province. At the age of ten he was assigned to the St. Petersburg French boarding house Jaquino, where he spent four years, and then studied at the Tripoli boarding school for two years. Here he received the most basic general scientific information. practical knowledge French, German and Italian language; much the best school for him was the family of his cousin, Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov, a writer and statesman, who directed his literary interest towards classical fiction. A passive, apolitical nature, B. had an aesthetic attitude towards life and literature. The circle of young people with whom he became friends when he entered the service (under the administration of the Ministry of Public Education, 1802) and into secular life was also alien to political interests, and B.’s first works breathe selfless epicureanism. B. became especially friendly with Gnedich, visited the intelligent and hospitable house of A. N. Olenin, who then played the role of literary salon, N.M. Karamzin, became close to Zhukovsky. Under the influence of this circle, B. took part in literary war between the Shishkovists and the “Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts,” to which B.’s friends belonged. The general patriotic movement that arose after the Battle of Austerlitz, where Russia suffered brutal defeat, carried away B., and in 1807, when the second war with Napoleon began, he entered military service, participated in the Prussian campaign and on May 29, 1807 was wounded near Heilsberg. His first love interest dates back to this time (to the Riga German woman Mugel, the daughter of the owner of the house where the wounded poet was placed). In this hobby (it was reflected in the poems “Recovery” and “Memory”, 1807), the poet showed more sensitivity than feelings; then his leader Muravyov died; both events left a painful mark on his soul. He fell ill. After being ill for several months , B. returned to military service, participated in Swedish war, was on a Finnish campaign; in 1810 he settled in Moscow and became close to Prince P. A. Vyazemsky, I. M. Muravyov-Apostol, V. L. Pushkin. “Here,” says L. Maikov, “his literary opinions became stronger, and his view of the relationship of the literary parties of that time to the main tasks and needs of Russian education was established; here B.’s talent met with sympathetic appreciation.” Among talented friends and sometimes “beauties of note,” the poet spent the best two years of his life here. Returning to St. Petersburg at the beginning of 1812, B. entered the Public Library, where Krylov, Uvarov, and Gnedich then served, but the following year he again entered military service and visited Germany, France, England and Sweden. From the grandiose political lesson, which young Russia then received and, in the person of many of its gifted representatives, established a close acquaintance with Europe and its institutions, B.’s share, due to the conditions of his mental make-up, did not receive anything; he fed his soul almost exclusively with aesthetic perceptions. Returning to St. Petersburg, he learned a new passion of his heart - he fell in love with A.F. Furman, who lived with Olenin. But, due to his own indecision and passivity, the romance suddenly and pitifully ended, leaving a bitter aftertaste in his soul; To this failure was added failure in service, and B., who had already been haunted by hallucinations several years ago, finally plunged into a severe and dull apathy, intensified by his stay in a remote province - in Kamenets-Podolsk, where he had to go with his regiment. At this time (1815 - 1817) his talent flared up with particular brightness, last time before weakening and finally fading away, as he had always anticipated. In January 1816, he retired and settled in Moscow, occasionally visiting St. Petersburg, where he was admitted to literary society"Arzamas" (under the nickname "Achilles"), or to the village; in the summer of 1818 he traveled to Odessa. Needing a warm climate and dreaming of Italy, where he had been drawn since childhood, to the “spectacle of wonderful nature”, to the “miracles of the arts,” B. obtained an appointment to the diplomatic service in Naples (1818), but served poorly and quickly experienced his first enthusiastic impressions, did not find friends whose participation was necessary for this gentle soul, and began to feel sad. In 1821, he decided to give up both service and literature and moved to Germany. Here he sketched his last poetic lines, full of bitter meaning (“Testament of Melchizedek”), a weak but desperate cry of a spirit dying in the arms of madness. In 1822 he returned to Russia. When asked by one of his friends what new he wrote, B. answered: “What should I write and what should I say about my poems? I look like a man who did not reach his goal, but he was carrying a vessel filled with something on his head. The vessel fell off the head, fell and broke into pieces. Go and find out now what was in it!” They tried to treat B., who attempted suicide several times, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, and abroad, but the disease worsened. Mentally, B. was out of action earlier than all his peers, but physically outlived almost all of them; he died in his native Vologda on July 7, 1855. In Russian literature, with little absolute value, B. is of great importance as a forerunner of original, national creativity. He stands on the line between Derzhavin, Karamzin, Ozerov, on the one hand, and Pushkin, on the other. Pushkin called B. his teacher, and in his work, especially his youthful period, there are many traces of B.’s influence. He began his poetic activity, which ended with such a mournful chord, with anacreontic motifs: “Oh, before priceless youth rushes away like an arrow, drink from the cup full of joy”... “friends, leave the ghost of glory, love fun in your youth and sow roses along the way”... “let’s quickly fly on the path of life for happiness, let’s get drunk with voluptuousness and outstrip death, let’s pluck flowers furtively under the blade of a scythe and prolong our short life with laziness, prolong watch!" But these feelings are not everything and not the main thing in B. The essence of his work is more fully revealed in the elegies. “Towards his inner discontent,” said his biographer, “new literary trends came from the West; the type of person disappointed with life then took possession of the minds of the younger generation... B., perhaps, was one of the first Russian people to taste the bitterness of disappointment; the soft, spoiled, self-loving nature of our poet, a man who lived exclusively by abstract interests, was a very susceptible soil for the corrosive influence of disappointment... This lively impressionability and tender, almost painful sensitivity nurtured the high talent of the lyricist, and he found in himself the strength to express the deepest movements souls." In it, reflections of world grief are mixed with traces of personal difficult experiences. “Tell me, young sage, what is solid on the earth? Where is life’s constant happiness?” - asks B. (“To a Friend”, 1816): “we are wanderers for a moment, we walk over graves, we consider all days as losses... everything here is vanity in the monastery of vanities, friendship and friendship are fragile...”. He was tormented by memories of unsuccessful love: “Oh, memory of the heart, you are stronger than the mind of the sad memory” ... (“My genius”), “nothing cheers the soul, a soul alarmed by dreams, and a proud mind will not defeat love - with cold words” (“ Awakening"): "in vain did I leave the country of my fathers, friends of the soul, brilliant arts and in noise formidable battles, under the shade of the tents, tried to lull the alarmed feelings! Ah, an alien sky does not heal the wounds of the heart! In vain I wandered from one end to another, and the formidable ocean behind me murmured and worried” (“Separation”). At these moments, he was visited by self-doubt: “I feel that my gift in poetry has gone out, and the muse has extinguished the heavenly flame” (“Memoirs”). The best of all poems by B., “The Dying Tass,” also belongs to the elegies. He was always captivated by the personality of the author of “Liberated Jerusalem,” and in his own fate he found something in common with the fate of the Italian poet, into whose mouth he put a sad and proud confession: “So! I accomplished what Phoebus had appointed. From my first youth, his zealous priest, under the lightning, under the furious sky, I sang the greatness and glory of former days, and in chains my soul did not change. The sweet delight of the muses did not extinguish in my soul, and my genius strengthened in suffering... Everything earthly perishes - both glory and the crown, the creations of the arts and muses are majestic... But there everything is eternal, just as the Creator himself is eternal, who gives us the crown of immortal glory, everything is there the great thing that fed my spirit”... Russian classicism in B.’s poetry experienced a beneficial turn from an external, false direction to a healthy ancient source; in ancient times, for B. there was not dry archeology, not an arsenal of ready-made images and expressions, but a living and close to the heart area of imperishable beauty; in ancient times he loved not the historical, not the past, but the supra-historical and eternal - the anthology, Tibullus, Horace; he translated Tibullus and the Greek anthology. He is closer than all his contemporaries, even closer than Zhukovsky, in diversity lyrical motives and, especially, by the external merits of the verse, he approached Pushkin; Of all the harbingers of this greatest phenomenon of Russian literature, B. is the most immediate both in terms of internal proximity and time. “These are not yet Pushkin’s poems,” Belinsky said about one of his plays, “but after them one should have expected not some others, but Pushkin’s. Pushkin called him a happy associate of Lomonosov, who did for the Russian language the same thing that Petrarch did for Italian.” It still remains in effect best score, given by Belinsky. “Passion is the soul of B.’s poetry, and the passionate intoxication of love is its pathos... The feeling that animates B. is always organically vital... Grace is the constant companion of B.’s muse, no matter what she sings”... In prose, fictional and critical, B. showed himself, as Belinsky called him, “an excellent stylist.” He was especially interested in questions of language and style. The literary struggle is dedicated to him satirical works- “The Singer in the Conversation of the Slavic Russians”, “Vision on the Shores of Lethe”, most of epigram. B. was published in various magazines and collections, and in 1817 Gnedich published a collection of his works, “Experiments in Poems and Prose.” Then B.'s works were published in 1834 ("Works in prose and verse", published by I.I. Glazunov), in 1850 (published by A.F. Smirdin). In 1887, a monumental classical edition by L. N. Maykov was published, in three volumes, with notes by Maykov and V. I. Saitov; At the same time, L. N. Maikov released a one-volume, publicly available, affordable publication, and in 1890, a cheap edition of B.’s poems with a short introductory article (published by the editors of the “Pantheon of Literature”). L. N. Maikov owns an extensive biography of B. (1 volume, published in 1887). - Wed. A. N. Pypin “History of Russian Literature”, vol. IV; S. A. Vengerov “Critical biographical dictionary Russian writers and scientists", vol. II; Y. Aikhenvald “Silhouettes of Russian Writers”, Issue I. The bibliography is listed in Vengerov - “Sources of the Dictionary of Russian Writers”, Vol. I.
The famous Russian poet Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov was born on May 18, 1787 in Vologda into a family that came from an old noble family. The poet's grandfather was mentally ill, his father was mentally unstable, and his mother lost her mind after birth and was separated from her family, which became the reason for the poet's predisposition to psychosis. The writer spent his childhood in the ancestral village of Danilovskoye, and at the age of ten, he was sent to the St. Petersburg French boarding school Jaquino. The future poet spent four years in the boarding school, after which he moved to the Tripoli boarding school, where, strictly speaking, he received basic general scientific information and practical skills in French, Italian and German. Interest in classical fiction instilled in the poet by his cousin Muravyov Mikhail Nikitich, who was a writer and a significant statesman. Batyushkov was an apolitical person with a pronounced passive nature; he approached life, as well as literature, aesthetically. In 1802, the poet entered the service of the Ministry of Public Education, where he became especially close friends with N.I. Gnedich, after which he himself began to try his hand at literature and write poetry. He also had access to the houses of A.N. Venison.
N.M. Karamzin, became close to Zhukovsky. In 1807 he entered military service, which was reflected in the poems “Recovery” and “Remembrance”.
In 1810, Batyushkov settled in Moscow and became close to Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, I.M. Muravyov-Apostol, V.L. Pushkin and spent two best of the year In my life. In 1812, the poet returned to St. Petersburg and entered the public Library, where Gnedich, Krylov, and Uvarov served. Then the writer again entered military service and visited England, France, Germany and Sweden. Returning to St. Petersburg, he had a new love interest, A.F. Furman, who was living with Olenin at that time, but due to his monstrous indecision, the romance soon fell apart. After a love failure and constant troubles in the service, the poet plunged into deep depression and was haunted by hallucinations. In 1816 he retired and settled in Moscow. Dreaming of Italy and needing a mild climate, the writer obtained diplomatic service in Naples. There he found neither friends nor peace of mind, the poet moved to Germany, where he sketched his last poetic lines, “The Testament of Melchizedek.” In 1822, Batyushkov returned to Russia and tried to commit suicide several times. Although the poet’s friends tried to treat him, the illness worsened. The poet died in Vologda in 1855.
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855) is one of the most beautiful Russian poets of his time. For a long time led the movement of Anacreontist poets, was very famous figure in literary circles. Today his name is practically forgotten; few people know that such a wonderful writer once lived. Let's correct this injustice.
Batyushkov: biography
The future writer was born on May 18 in the city of Vologda, into an old but impoverished family of nobles. He was the first son; before him, the Batyushkov couple had four daughters. Konstantin turned out to be the long-awaited boy.
The poet's father, Nikolai Lvovich, was an educated man, but his character was greatly spoiled by his resentment against the government due to the disgrace that befell the Batyushkovs due to the participation of a relative in a conspiracy against Catherine II. Konstantin did not have time to recognize his mother, Alexandra Grigorievna (nee Berdyaeva) at all - she became seriously ill when the boy was just six years old, and soon died. Her illness was mental and was transmitted to the writer himself and his older sister.
Little Kostya spent his childhood on the family estate, which was located in the village of Danilovskoye. But after the death of his mother, he was sent to the St. Petersburg boarding house O. Zhakino. Only at the age of 16 was Batyushkov able to leave this educational institution. At this time, he actively began to study literature, read a lot in French, and mastered Latin perfectly in order to study classical texts in the original.
Independent life in the capital
Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich decides to stay in the capital. At first, his uncle, M. N. Muravyov, helps him. In 1802, he arranged for the young man to work in the Ministry of Public Education. Then, in 1804, the writer went to serve in Muravyov’s office at Moscow University, where he held the position of clerk.
During these years, Batyushkov became close to some of his colleagues, many of whom began to join Karamzin’s rule and eventually founded “ Free Society lovers of literature, science and art." His closest friends were N. Gnedich and I. Pnin. Thanks to their influence, the future poet begins to try his hand at writing.
In 1805, Batyushkov’s first poem, “Message to My Poems,” was published in the magazine “News of Russian Literature.”
Civil uprising
In 1807, despite his father’s protests, Batyushkov enlisted in the people’s militia. In these years, poetry fades into the background for a young man. On February 22 of the same year, he was appointed a hundredth in a police battalion and sent to Prussia. Since May, Batyushkov begins to take an active part in hostilities. Soon he gets seriously injured and goes to Riga for treatment. For his heroism he receives the Order of St. Anne, 3rd degree.
While the treatment lasted, the writer fell in love with Emilia, the daughter of a local merchant. However, the love interest did not continue, and only two poems remained in memory of it: “Memories of 1807” and “Recovery.”
By 1808, the writer had become physically stronger and was returned to service. This time he ended up in the Guards Jaeger Regiment, who was sent to the war with Sweden. After returning from the campaign, he took leave and went to visit his unmarried sisters who lived in the Novgorod province. At this time, his mother’s “inheritance” began to manifest itself - Batyushkov became more and more impressionable, sometimes it came to hallucinations. The writer himself believed that in ten years he would finally go crazy.
Return to the light
In December 1809, Muravyov invited his nephew to Moscow. With great joy, Batyushkov returns to the world. The writer's biography tells us that he had many friends among artists whom he met in St. Petersburg and Moscow. At this time, the writer became especially close friends with P. Vyazemsky and V. Pushkin.
But his acquaintance with V. Zhukovsky and N. Karamzin became fateful; the latter very soon realized how talented the young man was and highly appreciated his work. In 1810, having received his resignation from the regiment, he went at the invitation of Karamzin to rest in the fate of the Vyazemsky Fathers. The poet's poems became more and more popular in these years, which explains the desire of noble nobles to see him as guests.
In 1813, the writer moved to St. Petersburg, where he got a job in Public library. He continues to meet new people and lead an active social life.
Unhappy love
In 1815, Batyushkov fell in love for the second time. The biography says that this time his chosen one was socialite- Anna Furman. However, the writer quickly realized that the girl did not reciprocate his feelings, and was ready to get married only at the will of her guardians. The situation was aggravated by the fact that Konstantin Nikolaevich could not get a transfer to the guard. All this led to a difficult nervous disorder, which lasted several months.
A new blow for the writer was the death of his father in 1817, with whom he had always been on bad terms. Feelings of guilt and unsuccessful love prompted him to turn to religion, in which he saw the only opportunity for a person to maintain his high moral and spiritual position.
In these difficult years Batyushkov was greatly helped by Zhukovsky, who constantly supported the poet and convinced him to continue writing. This helped, and Batyushkov took up his pen again. A year later he returned to Moscow, where close friends and acquaintances were waiting for him.
Italy
In 1818, the Russian poet Batyushkov went to Odessa for treatment. Here he received a letter from A. Turgenev, who managed to secure a place for his friend in Naples at the diplomatic mission. Konstantin Nikolaevich long years dreamed of visiting Italy, but the news did not please him. At this time he was experiencing great disappointment in life, and the news only made the situation worse.
Despite these sentiments, in 1819 Batyushkov arrived in Italy. This country made a strong impression on him. He met many interesting people, including Russian artists who lived in Rome. But the happiness did not last long, and soon the poet began to miss his homeland.
The writer's health did not improve, so in 1821 he went to Germany for water. His mental illness manifested itself more and more, Batyushkov began to suspect that some enemies were watching him. The poet spent the winter of 1821 and all of 1822 in Dresden. At this time, he wrote the best poem, according to critics, “The Testament of Melchizedek.”
Last years and death
In 1822, Batyushkov began to lose his mind (his biography confirms this). He returns to his homeland. He lives in St. Petersburg for some time, and then goes on a trip to the Caucasus and Crimea. During the trip, he attempted suicide several times.
In 1824, the poet, thanks financial assistance Alexander I was placed in a private psychiatric hospital in Saxony. He spent 4 years here, but the treatment did not bring any benefit. Therefore, his family decided to move him to Moscow. At home, Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov felt better, the acute attacks practically passed, and the disease subsided for a short time.
In 1833, the writer was transported to the house of his nephew, who lived in Vologda. Here Batyushkov spent the rest of his days. The poet died on July 7, 1855.
Konstantin Batyushkov: interesting facts
Let's list some interesting points from the life of the writer:
- Pushkin called the poet his teacher and admired his work, especially highlighting the early period.
- Batyushkov’s main principle when writing a work was: “Live as you write, and write as you live.”
- In 1822 the poet wrote his last piece, he was only 35 years old.
- Batyushkov lived the last 22 years of his life completely losing his mind.
Features of creativity
A lot for Russian literature and poetic language made by Konstantin Batyushkov. Poems about love, usually sad and mournful, are why they were so popular among their contemporaries. The poet managed to transform native language, make it more flexible and harmonious. Belinsky believed that only thanks to the works of Batyushkov and Zhukovsky, Pushkin managed to achieve such lightness and grace in his poetry.
The main advantage of Konstantin Nikolaevich’s poems lies in the perfection of their form, the purity and correctness of the language, always consistent artistic style. Batyushkov worked long and hard on every word, often correcting what he had written. At the same time, he tried to maintain sincerity and avoided any far-fetchedness and tension.
Crucial moment
Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov often turned to the past in his works. Poems about nature were usually interspersed with ancient mythological traditions. His early work is usually called Epicurean (or Anacreontic). The poet tried to reproduce the light and elegant style of ancient writers, but he believed that the Russian language was still too rough for this. Although critics admitted that he achieved significant success in this area.
But the cheerful epicurean poetry did not attract Batyushkov for long. After the War of 1812, in which the poet participated, his worldview changed greatly. He considered the French Enlightenment to be the cause of Napoleonic acts. And he considered the trials that befell Russia to be the accomplishment of its historical mission. At this time, his poems changed greatly. There is no longer lightness and carelessness in them, they talk about reality - war, the soul of the Russian soldier, the strength of the people's character. Best poem This period is considered to be the “Crossing of the Rhine”.
Let's answer the question about in which direction of poetry Konstantin Batyushkov became famous, since it is asked most often. As already mentioned, these are Anacreontic (or Epicurean) lyric poetry. Her distinctive features- lightness, carefreeness, joy, glorification of life and enjoyment of it.
Prose
Batyushkov was known not only as a poet, his prose was also highly appreciated by his contemporaries. According to them, the main advantage of his works was pure, imaginative and bright language. However, the writer turned to prose much later than his literary career. This happened after a creative turning point, so these works often raise religious and philosophical questions. Much attention Batyushkov paid and theoretical problems literature (“Something about the poet and poetry”, “Speech about the influence of light poetry on the language”).
Now we see that the importance of the writer’s works for the development of Russian literature cannot be overestimated.