Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born in 1799, May 26 (June 6) in Moscow, in German settlement. Raised by French tutors, from homeschooling All I learned was an excellent knowledge of French and a love of reading. In 1811, Pushkin entered the newly opened Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After graduating from the Lyceum in June 1817 with the rank of collegiate secretary, Pushkin was assigned to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where he did not work even a day, completely devoting himself to creativity. Even before graduating from the Lyceum, in 1817, he began writing the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” which he completed in March 1820. In 1828 he left without permission for the Caucasus. Impressions from this trip are conveyed in his essays “Travel to Arzrum”, poems “Caucasus”, “Collapse”, “On the Hills of Georgia”. In the winter of 1836, envious people and enemies of Pushkin from the highest St. Petersburg aristocracy launched vile slander about the relationship of his wife Natalya Nikolaevna with J. Dantes. Pushkin challenged Dantes to a duel, which took place on January 27 (February 8), 1837 on the Black River. The poet was mortally wounded.

Biography of Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin

Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin - (1798, Moscow -1859, Maryino estate, Bronnitsky district Moscow province (now Ramensky district of the Moscow region), buried in Bronnitsy, near the city cathedral) - Decembrist, collegiate assessor. Pushkin's comrade at the Lyceum, his closest friend.

Immediately after graduating from the Lyceum, Pushchin joined a secret society. He was one of the founders of " Northern Society", belonged to its most revolutionary wing.

In 1823, Pushchin left the guard, defiantly leaving his brilliant military career, which opened before him, and entered the court judges of the St. Petersburg criminal chamber. In this humble position he vigorously fought against graft and injustice.

On December 14, 1825, Pushchin was among the rebels, acting energetically and calmly. The day after the uprising, his lyceum comrade A. M. Gorchakov suggested that he arrange an escape abroad, but Pushchin refused: he wanted to share the fate of his comrades.

The friendship between Pushkin and Pushchin began from the first days of the Lyceum. Many of Pushkin's lyceum poems (or lines in poetry) are dedicated to Pushchin ("To Pushchin", "Memories", "My Testament", "Feasting Students", "Into the Album of Pushchin", etc.).

Friends often saw each other after graduation from the Lyceum, before Pushkin’s southern exile.

In January 1825, Pushchin visited the exiled Pushkin in Mikhailovskoye. The poet's house is disgraced

Oh my Pushchin, you were the first to visit... This meeting of friends was the last. A year later, when Pushchin was already imprisoned in the fortress, the poet remembers this again last date in the poem "My first friend, my priceless friend!"

Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin(4 (15) May 1798, Moscow - 3 (15) April 1859, Maryino estate, Bronnitsky district of the Moscow province (now Ramensky district of the Moscow region), buried in Bronnitsy, near the city cathedral) - Decembrist, collegiate assessor, friend and classmate of Pushkin at the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

Biography

Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin is the son of Senator Ivan Petrovich Pushchin and Alexandra Mikhailovna, née Ryabinina. Educated in Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (1811-1817).

He served in the Life Guards Horse Artillery (October 1817 - ensign; April 1820 - second lieutenant; December 1822 - lieutenant). Soon after leaving the lyceum, Pushchin joined the first secret society ("Sacred Artel"), founded by guards officers in 1814.

The artel included Alexander Nikolaevich and Mikhail Nikolaevich Muravyov, Pavel Koloshin, Ivan Burtsov, Vladimir Valkhovsky, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker.

Member of the Union of Salvation (1817) and the Union of Welfare (1818).

After a conflict with Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, he left military service(dismissed January 26, 1823). From June 5, 1823 he served in the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber.

... [Pushchin] left military service and exchanged the uniform of the Horse Guards Artillery for modest service in the Criminal Chamber, hoping in this field to provide significant benefit and, by his example, to encourage others to accept responsibilities from which the nobility avoided, preferring shiny epaulettes to the benefit that they could bring, bringing into the lower courts that noble way of thinking, those pure motives that adorn a person and in privacy, and in the public field... (E. P. Obolensky).

At that time, judicial service in the eyes of the nobles was considered humiliating. Pushkin, Pushchin’s friend from his lyceum days, noted in his poem “October 19” (1825):

You, having sanctified your chosen dignity in His sight public opinion He won the respect of citizens.

(quote from early edition, not published subsequently).

On January 11, 1825, he came to Mikhailovskoye to meet with Pushkin, where, in particular, he told Pushkin about the existence of a secret society and introduced him to Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.”

Arrived in St. Petersburg shortly before the events of December 14. The Supreme Criminal Court in 1826 found him “guilty of participating in the intent to commit regicide by approving the choice of a person intended to do so, of participating in the management of the society, of accepting members and issuing instructions, and, finally, of personally acting in rebellion and excited the lower ranks,” he was sentenced to death penalty, which was replaced by lifelong hard labor.

On July 29, 1826 he was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress. He served his term of hard labor in the Chita prison and the Petrovsky plant. One of the managers of the Small Artel of Decembrists (treasurer).

“My first friend, my priceless friend!” Pushkin addressed Pushchin in verses sent to distant Siberian mines...

After 20 years, he was settled first in Turinsk (where Pushchin, according to testimony local authorities, “didn’t do anything except read books”), and then in Yalutorovsk (here he became addicted to agriculture). During the settlement and after returning from Siberia, he maintained relations with almost all the Decembrists and members of their families, conducted extensive correspondence, and helped those in need.

Returned from exile in 1856. At the request of Evgeniy Yakushkin, he wrote memoirs, including about Pushkin. “Notes on friendly relations with A.S. Pushkin” (published in “Athenea”, 1859, part II, No. 8), “Letters from Yalutorovsk” (1845) to Engelhardt, providing information about his life there, about his comrades, about Yalutorovsk itself and its inhabitants, etc. (published in the Russian Archive, 1879, III volume).

In 1826, Pushkin wrote a message to Pushchin, filled with extraordinary warmth and received by him in Chita only two years later. IN last time mentions him great poet in 1827, in the poem “October 19”.

Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin, a collegiate assessor, was accused of “participating in the intent to commit regicide by approving the choice of a person destined for it; participated in the management of the society, received members and gave instructions, personally acted in the rebellion and excited the lower ranks.” Pushchin was assigned to the first category and, upon mitigation of the sentence, was sentenced to eternal hard labor. Pushchin was born in 1798. In 1811 he entered the newly opened Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. For some of the future Decembrists, who were educated at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, this period was, as it were, a prototype of the Chita and Petrine years in the development of comradely and social feeling. “We soon got used to it, he said in his Memoirs.” A friendly family was formed, in this family there were their own circles, in these circles the personalities of each began to be identified, more or less; We got to know each other closely, never being separated, and bonds were formed here for life.” Lyceum students, as you know, never received vacations anywhere. The lyceum had a decent library, newspapers were read, especially in 1812. Professors often talked with students and explained to them newspapers read And modern facts. At the Lyceum, Pushchin’s friendship with Pushkin began, which did not stop throughout the latter’s life. Pushchin's energetic character, his kindness, firmness and nobility of convictions tied everyone to him from the first minute of their acquaintance. He had a strong influence on Pushkin. Having joined a “special circle” at the Lyceum, as he says in his “Memoirs,” Pushchin did not want to bring Pushkin closer to him, probably foreseeing a first-class poet in him and therefore protecting his future. Upon leaving the lyceum, Pushchin first entered the horse artillery, but service troubles, and an even more unsatisfied thirst for activity, forced him to prefer civil service, and he became a judge in the criminal department of the Moscow court court. This transition was of particular importance at that time: service in lower judicial positions was considered humiliating at that time due to the low mental and moral level of officials and the widespread bribery in these institutions. Lyceum education, which began under strong influence 1812, formed the first graduating class of students in the spirit of ardent sympathy for ideal civic hobbies, to which the young part of society, especially the military-aristocratic one, was so inclined at that time. Pushchin immediately upon leaving the Lyceum joined the “Union of Welfare,” founded in 1817. According to its objectives, this society was supposed to have a purely moral influence; its members envisioned this society as a union “which was supposed to give moral support to their personal efforts in service common good, Pypin says. The Charter indicated a goal to which they could not only strive in completely legal ways, but even specifically in the form of government.” Among the rules adopted by the Union of Welfare was that its members should not evade public duties; It seemed necessary to them, among other things, to bring the civil service out of the state of decline in which it was at that time. Based on the idea that there are no humiliating duties in the service of the state, and wanting to moralize his environment, the consistent Pushchin even wanted to take one of the lowest police positions, and only the strong requests of his family and friends rejected him from this intention. Pushchin's activities as a judge are characterized by the words of Pushkin.

You, having consecrated your chosen dignity,

Him in the eyes of public opinion

He won the respect of citizens.

When the Northern Society was formed from the abolished “Union of Welfare”, Pushchin entered it. In 1839, Pushchin was transferred from the Petrovsky plant to a settlement in Turinsk, where he arrived on October 9, 1839. The climate of Siberia had a harmful effect on his health, and therefore, while still in Turinsk, he began to seek a transfer to another place, more favorable in terms of climate . On July 19, 1843, he was transferred to Yalutorovsk, where he lived with Prince. Obolensky until the latter’s marriage. In material terms, Pushchin’s life in the settlement was ensured by the funds he received from relatives from Russia. Turin police reported that he “didn’t do anything other than read a book”; Having moved to Yalutorovsk, he also began to engage in agriculture. Pushchin was not particularly handsome, but he was a very distinguished man. Deep, intelligent gray eyes, friendly smile beautiful mouth They added a lot of charm to his face and made up for the excessive width of the lower part of his nose. His youthful gaiety, laughter, funny, well-aimed witticisms made his company extremely pleasant. He loved women, but was picky about marriage: a beauty, but without a clear imprint good society had no charm in his eyes. Therefore, among the Siberian women, he could only like the daughters of his comrades, but for them he was old. Carefully avoiding the comic in everything, he never courted young girls. Widows were Pushchin's main concern and main misfortune: they were very interested in him, eliminating in extreme cases not only the need for marriage, but also for mutual feelings. A few years after marriage

Son of Senator Ivan Petrovich Pushchin and Alexandra Mikhailovna, née Ryabinina. He received his education at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (1810-1817). He served in the Life Guards Horse Artillery (October 1817 - ensign; April 1820 - second lieutenant; December 1822 - lieutenant). Soon after leaving the lyceum, Pushchin joined the first secret society (the “Sacred Artel”), founded by guards officers in 1814. The artel included Alexander Nikolaevich and Mikhail Nikolaevich Muravyov, Pavel Koloshin, Ivan Burtsov, Vladimir Valkhovsky, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker. Member of the Union of Salvation () and the Union of Welfare (). After a conflict with Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, he left military service (dismissed on January 26, 1823). From June 5, 1823 he served in the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber. Judge of the Moscow Court from 12/13/1823.

... [Pushchin] left military service and exchanged the uniform of the Horse Guards Artillery for modest service in the Criminal Chamber, hoping in this field to provide significant benefit and, by his example, to encourage others to accept responsibilities from which the nobility avoided, preferring shiny epaulettes to the benefit that they could bring, introducing into the lower courts that noble way of thinking, those pure motives that adorn a person both in private life and in the public field... (E. P. Obolensky).

Judicial service in the eyes of the nobles of that time was considered humiliating. Pushkin, Pushchin’s friend from his lyceum days, noted in his poem “October 19” (1825):

You, having consecrated your chosen rank to Him in the eyes of public opinion, won the respect of citizens.

Arrived in St. Petersburg shortly before the events of December 14. The Supreme Criminal Court of the city, finding him “guilty of participating in the intent to commit regicide by approving the choice of a person intended to participate in the management of the society, in accepting members and in issuing instructions, and, finally, of personally acting in rebellion and inciting lower ranks,” sentenced him to death, which was commuted to life hard labor. On July 29, 1826 he was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress. He served his term of hard labor in the Chita prison and the Petrovsky plant. One of the managers of the Small Artel of the Decembrists.

“My first friend, my priceless friend!” Pushkin addressed Pushchin in verses sent to distant Siberian mines...

Grave of I. I. Pushchin in Bronnitsy

After 20 years, he was settled first in Turinsk (where Pushchin, according to local authorities, “I didn’t do anything except read books”), and then in Yalutorovsk (here he became addicted to agriculture). During the settlement and after returning from Siberia, he maintained relations with almost all the Decembrists and members of their families, conducted extensive correspondence, and helped those in need. Returned from exile in the city. At the request of Evgeniy Yakushkin, he wrote memoirs, including about Pushkin. “Notes on friendly relations with A.S. Pushkin” (published in “Atheneum”, 1859, part II, No. 8), “Letters from Yalutorovsk” (1845) to Engelhardt, providing information about his life there, about his comrades, about Yalutorovsk itself and its inhabitants, etc. (published in the Russian Archive, 1879, III volume). In 1826, Pushkin wrote a message to Pushchin, filled with extraordinary warmth and received by him in Chita only two years later. The great poet mentioned him for the last time in 1827, in the poem “October 19”.

House Pushchina

At the address st. Moyka House No. 14 is a historical building associated with the life and work of one of the best, the noblest people Russia XIX century - Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin. The plot of this house in the 18th century belonged to Admiral Pyotr Pushchin, from him it passed to his son, the Indendant General. The grandson of the old admiral, A.S. Pushkin’s closest friend, I.I. Pushchin, spent his childhood years in this house.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

• 1798-1811 - house of I. O. Utin, embankment of the Moika River, 14;
• 1817-1823 - house of I. O. Utin, embankment of the Moika River, 14;
• 1825 - house of I. O. Utin, embankment of the Moika River, 14.

Notes

Links

Literature

• Eidelman N. Ya. Bolshoy Zhannot: The Tale of Ivan Pushchin. - M.: Politizdat, 1982. - 366 p., ill.

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See what “Pushchin, Ivan” is in other dictionaries:

Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich, 1837. Artist N. A. Bestuzhev Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin (May 4 (15), 1798 (17980515), Moscow April 3 (15), 1859, Maryino estate, Bronnitsky district of the Moscow province (now Ramensky district of the Moscow region), buried in Bronnitsy ... Wikipedia

Pushchin (Ivan Ivanovich, 1789 1859) Decembrist. Having served a short time, upon completion of the course at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, in the Guards Horse Artillery, Pushchin accepted the title of judge of the Moscow court court, although this service in the eyes of the then nobles... ... Biographical Dictionary

Decembrist. Son of a senator. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum with A.S. Pushkin, who called P. his first and invaluable friend. After graduating from the Lyceum (1817), he became an officer of the Guards Horse Artillery. Left in 1823... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia

- (1798 1859) Decembrist, judge of the Moscow Court, friend of A. S. Pushkin. Member of the Union of Welfare and the Northern Society. Participant in the uprising on December 14, 1825. Sentenced to eternal hard labor. From 1826 to Shlisselburg fortress, since 1828 in Nerchinsky... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Pushchin. Ivan Petrovich Pushchin Date of birth 1754 (1754) Date of death October 7, 1842 (1842 10 07) ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Pushchin. Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich, 1837. Artist N. A. Bestuzhev ... Wikipedia

Decembrist, author of memoirs. His father was Ivan Petrovich P., lieutenant general, quartermaster general and senator (died in 1843), and his mother was Alexandra Mikhailovna, née Ryabinina. Pushchin was born on May 4, 1798 and was a year older than A.S. Pushkin... Big biographical encyclopedia

A minority of society proposed to take more drastic measures. Decembrist M.S. Lunin was the first to propose a plan to kill the Tsar. This proposal was rejected by Pestel, who proposed the creation of a secret society, the development of a constitution and a clearer organization. Disagreements in the ways of implementing their program ultimately led to a crisis and the dissolution of the organization.
In September 1817, a meeting of members of the Society took place (the so-called “Moscow Conspiracy”). The subject of discussion was I. D. Yakushkin’s proposal to carry out regicide during his stay imperial court in Moscow. The majority of society members rejected this proposal. As a result, due to the “scarcity of means to achieve the goal,” regicide was prohibited. The progressive members finally decided to dissolve the organization, creating on its basis a new, more organized, broad and united one. It was created as a transitional organization « Military Society» in October 1817, which included most of members of the Salvation Union. The "Military Society" was dissolved in January 1818, and on its basis was formed Welfare Union.
The existence of this formally secret organization was quite widely known. There were about two hundred people in its ranks (men over 18 years old).
The goal of the “Union of Welfare” was proclaimed to be the moral (Christian) education and enlightenment of the people, assistance to the government in good endeavors and mitigation of the fate of the serfs. The hidden purpose was known only to members of the Root Council; it consisted in establishing constitutional government and eliminating serfdom.
At a meeting in St. Petersburg in January 1820 when discussing future form board, all participants spoke in favor of establishing a republic. At the same time, the idea of ​​regicide and the idea of ​​a provisional government with dictatorial powers (proposed by P.I. Pestel) were rejected.
IN January 1821 A congress of deputies from various departments of the Union of Welfare was convened in Moscow. Due to escalating disagreements and measures taken by the authorities, it was decided to dissolve the society. In reality, it was intended to close the society temporarily in order to weed out both unreliable and too radical members, and then recreate it in a narrower composition.
Based on the "Union of Welfare" spring 1821 2 years, two large revolutionary organizations emerged at once: Southern Society in Kyiv and Northern society In Petersburg. The more revolutionary and decisive Southern society was headed by P.I. Pestel, the Northern, whose attitudes were considered more moderate, was headed by Nikita Muravyov.

Even in his lyceum years, Pushchin was a frequent visitor "Sacred Artel", founded in 1814. Pushchin describes his entry into the secret society as follows:

“Even in the Lyceum uniform, I was a frequent guest of the artel, which then consisted of the Muravyovs (Alexander and Mikhailo), Burtsov, Pavel Koloshin and Semyonov. Burtsov, to whom I spoke more, found that, according to my opinions and convictions, taken from the Lyceum, I was ready for business. On this basis, he accepted me and Volkhovsky into the society."

The artel organized its internal life in a republican manner; hung in one of the rooms " veche bell“, by the ringing of which all members of the artel gathered to resolve common affairs: “Every member of the society had the right to ring it,” notes Nikolai Muravyov. “By sound, everyone gathered and then the member’s demands were decided.”

Together with other members of the artel, named in the Notes of Pushchin, A. N. Muravyov and I. G. Burtsov founded in 1816 the first Decembrist organization - the “Society of True and Faithful Sons of the Fatherland,” or "Union of Salvation". One of the founders of the original cell of the Sacred Artel was also A.N. Muravyov’s brother, Nikolai. In addition to those whom Pushchin lists as members of the artel, its meetings were attended by lyceum students V.D. Volkhovsky, A.A. Delvig, V.K. Kuchelbecker, officers of various guards units: Pyotr Koloshin, Mikhail Pushchin, Alexander Rachinsky, Demyan Iskritsky.
Thus, Pushchin and some of his comrades, while still lyceum students, were attracted through the Holy Artel to the activities of the first secret society Decembrists.

Arrested on the very day of the uprising, December 14, K.F. Ryleev stated in his testimony that he was accepted into the Secret Society by Pushchin. However, Pushchin was arrested only on December 16, and interrogated the next day. At the first interrogation, he testified that through his service in the Criminal Chamber he met Ryleev and, “having gotten to know him well, accepted him as a member of the society.”
It is possible, however, that in reality all this happened differently. I. I. Pushchin entered service in the ward in June 1823, and Ryleev was introduced by him to the Secret Society at the beginning of this year. Consequently, Pushchin got to know the poet-citizen “well” not only before the beginning of 1823, but long before that. There is no doubt that due to his closeness to the literary circles of the capital and his political direction, he was interested in the author of the revolutionary poem “To the Temporary Worker” since 1820. Ryleev was accepted into the Secret Society not as a “consent”, an ordinary participant in the movement, as was usually done with regard to those newly involved in the conspiracy, but as an “elder” who had the right to accept new members.
By conviction, by temperament and direction political activity Ryleev was more determined than Pushchin, whose view of the tasks of society, at least this moment, was more in line with the constitutional-monarchist direction of Nikita Muravyov. But in practical terms, Pushchin acted completely in the spirit of Ryleev’s views. Together they revived the activity Northern Society, which arose in 1821 and acted very weakly at first. The direction of society took on a more revolutionary character than its other leaders wanted: N. I. Turgenev, N. M. Muravyov, S. P. Trubetskoy. To revive Moscow branch Secret Society, the leaders of the conspiracy instructed Pushchin to organize the Moscow council of the Northern Society.

Pushchin occupied a unique position in peasant question, believing that under the circumstances of that time it was not possible to completely destroy serfdom. He decided to implement first the more modest part of the program and for this purpose established the Practical Union in Moscow. The task of the union, pending the implementation of the general political and social ideals of society, was to promote the liberation of courtyard people from serfdom. I. I. Pushchin outlined the program of the Practical Union during the investigation in testimony dated January 11, 1826, stating that he founded this organization, wanting to at least somewhat contribute to the common good in the spirit of the Union of Welfare. “The duty of the member was,” Pushchin explained, “to be sure not to have serfs in his service... Moreover, in any case where there is an opportunity for the release of a person, he must provide benefits either in money or in some other way.” "
Pushchin himself had no serfs. He treated his servant from his father's servants, Alexei, without lordly arrogance, and after his conviction he asked his father to release Alexei.

An interesting story about how the activities of the Moscow administration of the Secret Society during Pushchin revived can be found in the Notes of A.I. Koshelev, who, after graduating from university, served in the Moscow Archive of Foreign Affairs and was a member of the circle of the so-called “archive youths.” This circle adhered to very moderate political views. Remembering the strong and general dissatisfaction with the external and internal politics Alexander I, a well-intentioned monarchist, but an opponent of Arakcheevism, Koshelev wrote many decades later: “I will never forget one evening I spent with my grand-brother, Mikhail. Mich. Naryshkina; this was in February or March 1825. At this evening there were: Ryleev, Prince. Obolensky, Pushchin and some others, subsequently exiled to Siberia. Ryleev read his patriotic thoughts, and everyone freely spoke about the need to put an end to this government.” Koshelev, perhaps, did not know that he was present that evening at a meeting of the Moscow council of the Northern Society.
Another characteristic case is the involvement of V. I. Steingeil in the Secret Society. In 1823, he met K.F. Ryleev in St. Petersburg. The poet introduced Steingeil to the tasks and activities of the society mainly, adding that he would learn the details in Moscow - from Pushchin. Handing Steingeil a letter to Pushchin, Ryleev said that it would be “pleased to meet Ivan Ivanovich.” Steingeil joined the Moscow government and soon informed Ryleev that it was indeed “very pleasant” to deal with Pushchin. In response to this, Ryleev wrote to Steingeil in March 1825: “Thank you for loving Pushchin; This makes me even closer to you. Anyone who loves Pushchin is certainly a rare person himself.” P. A. Mukhanov testified during the investigation that Pushchin generally had “ good name in Moscow,” and M.F. Mitkov spoke in a January 1826 testimony about Pushchin’s energetic activities in the Moscow administration of the Secret Society.

INSURRECTION
In December 1825, after the death of Alexander I, Pushchin arrived in St. Petersburg. He saw his family and went to Ryleev. The poet lived in the house of the Russian-American Company near the Blue Bridge. A. A. Bestuzhev lived next to him.
The main figures of the Northern society gathered at Ryleev's. Pushchin immediately entered the center of organizing the uprising. Here a plan of action was developed, drafts of a manifesto were thought out and drawn up on behalf of the provisional government. This is where the leaders' instructions came from. individual industries Secret society at military units.
Pushchin believed that the basics political system Russia must be determined by representatives of the entire people after the successful completion of the uprising. He distributed lists of the draft constitution drawn up by N. M. Muravyov, and instructed Briggen, Kashkin and other members of the Secret Society to rewrite it. Thanks to Pushchin, the most full text Ant's constitution in the list of K.F. Ryleev. But Pushchin distributed these lists not as a propaganda document, but so that members of society could submit their comments on it.
Among the participants revolutionary movement the majority were military. From total number about 580 suspects were in the field of view of investigators, there were 456 of them. Of these, a fair number are generals, a lot of staff officers: colonels, lieutenant colonels and majors. There were several people occupying large places in the civil department.
I. I. Pushchin considered the tsar the main culprit of the “sorrowful state of the fatherland” and the “evil of the existing order.” He was not a supporter of regicide, but he was also not opposed to committing coup d'etat in a revolutionary way.
I. I. Pushchin agreed with the proposal to arrest all royal family to save new order from applicants for government. “I based the possibility of this enterprise,” he says, “on military force.”
From a letter from Pushchin to S.M. Semenov.

[Petersburg, December 12, 1825].
When you receive this letter, everything will be decided. We are together at Trubetskoy’s every day and work a lot. There are 60 of us here. We are confident in 1000 soldiers, who have been inspired that the oath given to Emperor Konstantin Pavlovich must be sacredly observed. The case is convenient; If we do nothing, then we deserve with all our might the name of scoundrels. Show this letter to Mikhail Orlov. Farewell, sigh for us, if... Success is in the hands of God!!
The letter was sent through the Decembrist S.M. Semenov to a member of the Secret Society, General M.F. Orlov, who burned the original. This text was compiled by Orlov from memory in testimony during interrogation after December 14, 1825.
In the testimony of other Moscow Decembrists, this letter is given with the following addition: “We would rightly be called scoundrels if we had missed the current, only case.”