We all know that it is quite possible to go from rags to riches, and some even sometimes succeed. But seriously, is it possible, for example, from being a count to becoming a prince? And what is the difference between these high titles? Let's try to figure it out.
Who are the count and prince
Graph– originally, in the early Middle Ages, an official under the king in Western Europe, and after that - a title in Europe and some not European countries.
Prince- head of a feudal state or political education among the Slavs, later - the highest noble title, in Europe equivalent to duke or prince.
Comparison of count and prince
What is the difference between a count and a prince?
Over the course of several centuries, the meaning of the words “prince” and “count” in different countries has undergone significant changes. Let us dwell on the situation with these titles in our country. In Rus', the prince was a tribal leader, the elder of the clan. Later, the prince headed the state: his responsibilities included military, judicial and religious functions. For a long time, a high-profile title was the only one in our country; it was worn by both great and appanage princes. Initially, the princes were chosen, then the title began to be inherited. This order existed in Russia until the 18th century, and then the tsar began to complain about the title for special merits to the highest dignitaries (the first prince not by blood was A.D. Menshikov, an associate of Peter I).
Under Peter, as is known, there were many reforms and innovations: it was his merit that, in addition to the princely title, the titles of count and baron appeared in the state. These three noble titles, by the way, lasted in our country until October revolution. There were always quite a lot of princes, but the importance of many previously influential families gradually fell, their possessions fell into decay. For example, the Vyazemsky princes at one time worked in the service of middle-class landowners. After Peter the Great, the formerly enviable title was not granted to anyone for almost a hundred years: being considered a prince was extremely unprestigious, and besides, numerous Georgian and Tatar princes received such a title, to whom no one wanted to be like (by the way, perhaps this is where it originated and the proverb mentioned above).
In Russia to end of the 19th century century there were 310 count families. Moreover, until the revolution there were much fewer counts than princes. The title of count was assigned in XIX century only to those who had the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (until 1917, the highest award of the Russian Empire).
The princes (depending on whether they received the title by inheritance or not) were addressed as “Your Grace” or “Your Excellency”; the counts were addressed only as “Your Excellency”.
TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between a count and a prince is as follows:
The title of prince is higher on the hierarchical ladder than the title of count.
The title of prince appeared in Russia earlier than the title of count. Moreover for a long time(until Peter I) it was passed on only by inheritance. Then the title of prince, like the title of count, began to be granted.
There have always been more princes in Russia than counts.
The title of prince was not always considered prestigious: there was a time when in the Russian Empire calling a person a prince (and even more so a prince) meant insulting him and accusing him of dishonor. The title of count has always been extremely honorable.
It turns out, according to the assurances of Internet sites, almost every Russian can become a nobleman in our times. And to do this, you don’t need to recreate your family tree, looking for a noble descendant in it, or leaf through old albums with images of gentlemen trampling corner fireplaces in spacious halls to find at least some portrait resemblance. Everything is much simpler: you just need to pay a cash contribution to one of the noble societies or to a person authorized to distribute titles.
And, surprisingly, there are quite a few of them in Russia. At one time, thanks to them, our fatherland was replenished with huge ranks of nobles. Among them, the most famous are: Alexander Malinin - Russian pop singer, Bari Alibasov - producer, Ayatskov - governor, and even Arnold Schwarzenegger himself! There are also “simpler” people, for example, an ordinary stove maker from Saratov received the title of nobleman; now any fireplace lining he makes has its own noble stamp.
How much will this cost? honorary title? IN different organizations prices vary. So, for a count you will have to pay from 18 thousand rubles, for a prince more - from 12 thousand euros. And no matter who you work, a doctor, a realtor, an accountant, or your main occupation is, for example, installing chimneys, if you have a certain amount of banknotes, welcome to the nobility.
However, in fact, in most cases, such proposals are just a way to “dust your brain.” No matter how beautiful and loud the names of the organizations are: “New Elite of Russia” is Russian noble society, “The New Elite of the World” is an international order chapter; they have no right to give, sell, or offer a title of nobility. But the laws of the Russian Federation do not punish for this...
In fact, there are only two legitimate noble organizations in Russia: the St. Petersburg Noble Assembly and the Russian Noble Assembly. The first unites real hereditary nobles on the basis of an appropriate certificate, the second is a corporate public organization, whose members also include actual (direct paternal) and associated nobles (maternal descendants). There is also the Union of Russian Nobles, but it operates and is located in Europe.
But none of the named Assemblies grant titles of nobility! It does not issue any certificates conferring a title! Only the Head of the Imperial House has the right to grant a title. On this moment The head is Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna. True, you can become a nobleman (not hereditary) if the princess awards you the Order of St. Anne, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker for special services to the homeland and its citizens.
Therefore, you should not believe scammers, especially now, when most of the “nobles” are dreaming of a wonderful summer vacation!
"Ladder" of titles
At the very top is the royal family (with its own hierarchy).
Princes - Your Highness, Your Serene Highness
Dukes - Your Grace, Duke/Duchess
Marquises - My Lord/Milady, Marquis/Marquise (mention in conversation - Lord/Lady)
Eldest sons of dukes
Dukes' Daughters
Earls - My Lord/Milady, Your Lordship (mention in conversation - Lord/Lady)
Eldest sons of the marquises
Daughters of the Marquises
Younger sons of dukes
Viscounts - My Lord/Milady, Your Grace (mention in conversation - Lord/Lady)
Earls' eldest sons
Younger sons of the marquises
Barons - My Lord/Milady, Your Grace (mention in conversation - Lord/Lady)
Eldest sons of viscounts
Younger sons of counts
Eldest sons of the barons
Younger sons of viscounts
Younger sons of the barons
Baronets - Sir
Eldest sons younger sons peers
Eldest sons of baronets
Younger sons of baronets
Sons
The eldest son of the title holder is his direct heir.
The eldest son of a duke, marquis or earl receives a "courtesy title" - the eldest of the list of titles belonging to the father (usually the road to the title passed through several lower titles, which then "remained in the family"). This is usually the next most senior title (for example, a duke's heir is a marquess), but not necessarily. In the general hierarchy, the place of the sons of the title holder was determined by the title of their father, and not by their "courtesy title."
The eldest son of a Duke, Marquess, Earl or Viscount comes immediately after the holder of the title next in seniority to that of his father. (see "Ladder of titles")
Thus, the heir of a duke always stands immediately behind the marquis, even if his “courtesy title” is only that of count.
The younger sons of dukes and marquises are lords.
Women
In the vast majority of cases, the title holder was a man. IN exceptional cases the title could belong to a woman if the title was transferable by female line. This was an exception to the rule. Mostly women's titles - all these countesses, marquises, etc. - are “courtesy titles” and do not entitle the holder to the privileges accorded to the holder of the title. A woman became a countess by marrying a count; marquise, marrying a marquis; etc.
In the general hierarchy, the wife occupies a place determined by the title of her husband. You can say that she is standing on the same step of the stairs as her husband, right behind him.
Note: You should pay attention to the following nuance: For example, there are marquises, wives of marquises and marquises, wives of the eldest sons of dukes (who have the “courtesy title” of marquis, see section Sons). So, the first ones always take more high position than the latter (again, the position of the wife is determined by the position of the husband, and the marquis, the son of the duke, always ranks below the marquis as such).
Women are title holders “by right.”
In some cases, the title could be inherited through the female line. There could be two options here.
1. The woman became, as it were, the custodian of the title, then passing it on to her eldest son. If there was no son, the title, under the same conditions, passed to the next female heir to then be transferred to her son... At the birth of a male heir, the title passed to him.
2. A woman received the title “in her own right”. In this case, she became the owner of the title. However, unlike male title holders, a woman did not receive, along with this title, the right to sit in the House of Lords or hold positions associated with this title.
If a woman got married, then her husband did not receive the title (both in the first and second cases).
Note: Who occupies a higher position, the Baroness "in her own right" or the Baron's wife? After all, the title of the first belongs directly to her, and the second enjoys the “title of courtesy.”
According to Debrett, a woman's position is entirely determined by that of her father or husband, unless the woman has the title "in her own right." In this case, her position is determined by the title itself. Thus, of the two baronesses, the one whose barony is older is higher in position. (two title holders are compared).
Widows
In the literature, in relation to the widows of titled aristocrats, you can often find a kind of prefix to the title - Dowager, i.e. Dowager. Can every widow be called a "Widower"? No.
Example. The widow of the fifth Earl of Chatham may be called the Dowager Countess of Chatham if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
1. The next Earl of Chatham became the direct heir of her late husband (i.e. his son, grandson, etc.)
2. If there is no other Dowager Countess of Chatham alive (for example, the widow of the fourth Earl, the father of her late husband).
In all other cases, she is Mary, Countess of Chatham, i.e. name + title of her late husband. For example, if she is the widow of a count, but the widow of her husband's father is still alive. Or if after the death of her husband his nephew became the count.
If the current holder of the title is not yet married, then the widow of the previous holder of the title continues to be called Countess of Chatham (for example), and becomes "Dowager" (if eligible) after the current holder of the title marries and a new Countess of Chatham is created.
How is the position of a widow in society determined? - By the title of her late husband. Thus, the widow of the 4th Earl of Chatham is higher in position than the wife of the 5th Earl of Chatham. Moreover, the age of women does not play any role here.
If a widow remarries, her position is determined by that of her new husband.
Daughters
Daughters of dukes, marquises and counts occupy the next step in the hierarchy after the eldest son in the family (if there is one) and his wife (if there is one). They stand above all other sons in the family.
The daughter of a Duke, Marquis or Earl receives the courtesy title "Lady". She retains this title even if she marries an untitled person. But when she marries a titled man, she receives the title of her husband.
Ruler titles
Inherited:
Prince
Tsar heir Tsarevich (not always)
King heir Dauphin, Prince or Infant
Emperor
Maharajah
Elected:
Caliph of the Kharijites
Boyarin
Chevalier
Kazoku - Japanese title system
Monarchs
Emperor(Latin imperator - ruler) - the title of the monarch, head of state (empire). Since the time of the Roman emperor Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD) and his successors, the title of emperor acquired a monarchical character. Since the time of Emperor Diocletian (284-305), the Roman Empire has almost always been led by two emperors with the titles of Augusti (their co-rulers bore the title of Caesars).
Also used to designate the rulers of a number of eastern monarchies (China, Korea, Mongolia, Ethiopia, Japan, pre-Columbian states of America), despite the fact that the name of the title is on official languages these countries does not come from the Latin imperator.
Today, only the Emperor of Japan has this title in the world.
King(Latin rex, French roi, English king, German Konig) - the title of a monarch, usually hereditary, but sometimes elective, head of the kingdom.
A queen is the female ruler of a kingdom or the consort of a king.
Tsar(from tssar, ts?sar, lat. caesar, Greek k????? - one of the Slavic titles of the monarch, usually associated with the highest dignity of the emperor. In an allegorical speech to denote primacy, dominance: “lion is the king of beasts.”
The queen is the reigning person or the wife of the king.
Tsarevich - the son of a king or queen (in pre-Petrine times). In addition, the title of prince was given to some descendants of independent Tatar khans, for example, the descendants of Kuchum Khan of Siberia had the title of prince of Siberia.
Tsesarevich is a male heir, the full title is Heir Tsesarevich, informally shortened in Russia to Heir (with capital letter) and rarely until Tsesarevich.
Tsesarevna is the wife of the Tsarevich.
A princess is the daughter of a king or queen.
Titled nobility:
Prince(German Prinz, English and French prince, Spanish principe, from Latin princeps - first) - one of the highest titles of representatives of the aristocracy. The Russian word “prince” means direct descendants of monarchs, as well as, by special decree, other members royal family
Duke (Duc) - Duchess (Duchess)
The Duke (German Herzog, French duc, English duke, Italian duca) among the ancient Germans was a military leader elected by the tribal nobility; in Western Europe, in the early Middle Ages, a tribal prince, and in the period feudal fragmentation- a major territorial ruler, occupying first place after the king in the military hierarchy.
Marquis (Marquess) - Marchioness
Marquis - (French marquis, Novolat. marchisus or marchio, from German Markgraf, in Italy marchese) - a Western European noble title, standing in the middle between count and duke; in England, besides M. in the proper sense, this title (Marquess) is given to the eldest sons of dukes.
Earl - Countess
Count (from German Graf; Latin comes (lit.: “companion”), French comte, English earl or count) - a royal official in the Early Middle Ages in Western Europe. The title originated in the 4th century in the Roman Empire and was originally assigned to high dignitaries (for example, comes sacrarum largitionum - chief treasurer). In Frankish state from the second half of the 6th century, the count in his district-county had judicial, administrative and military power. According to the decree of Charles II the Bald (Cersian Capitulary, 877), the count's position and possessions became hereditary.
The English earl (OE eorl) originally denoted a senior official, but since the time of the Norman kings it has become an honorary title.
During the period of feudal fragmentation - feudal lord of the county, then (with the elimination of feudal fragmentation) title high nobility(woman - countess). It continues to be formally retained as a title in most European countries since monarchical form board.
Viscount - Viscountess
Viscount - (French Vicornte, English Viscount, Italian Visconte, Spanish Vicecomte) - this was the name in the Middle Ages for the governor of some possession of a count (from vice comes). Subsequently, individual V. became so strong that they became independent and owned well-known destinies (Beaumont, Poitiers, etc.) and began to be associated with the title of V. Currently, this title in France and England occupies a middle place between count and baron. The eldest son of a count usually bears the title V.
Baron - Baroness
Baron (from Late Latin baro - word German origin with the original meaning - person, man), in Western Europe a direct vassal of the king, later a noble title (woman - baroness). The title of B. in England (where it remains to this day) is below the title of Viscount, occupying last place in the hierarchy of titles of the highest nobility (more in a broad sense all the English high nobility, hereditary members of the House of Lords belong to B.); in France and Germany this title was lower than the count's. In the Russian Empire, the title B. was introduced by Peter I for the German nobility of the Baltic states.
Baronet - ( female version no title) - although this is a hereditary title, baronets do not actually belong to the peerage (titled aristocracy) and do not have seats in the House of Lords.
Note: All others fall under the definition of "commoner", i.e. untitled (including Knight, Esquire, Gentleman)
Comment: In the vast majority of cases, the title belongs to the man. IN in rare cases a woman can have a title herself. Thus, Duchess, Marchioness, Countess, Viscountess, Baroness - in the vast majority of cases these are "courtesy titles"
Within a title there is a hierarchy based on when the title was created and whether the title is English, Scottish or Irish.
English titles are higher than Scottish ones, and Scottish ones, in turn, are higher than Irish ones. With all that, more high level there are “older” titles.
Comment: about English, Scottish and Irish titles.
IN different time titles were created in England:
before 1707 - peers of England, Scotland and Ireland
1701-1801 - Peers of Great Britain and Ireland
after 1801 - peers of the United Kingdom (and Ireland).
Thus, an Irish earl with a title created before 1707 is lower in the hierarchy than an English earl with a title of the same time; but higher than Earl of Great Britain with a title created after 1707
Lord(English Lord - lord, master, ruler) - a title of nobility in Great Britain.
Initially, this title was used to designate everyone belonging to the class of feudal landowners. In this meaning, the lord (French seigneur (“senior”)) opposed the peasants who lived on his lands and owed him loyalty and feudal duties. Later, a narrower meaning appeared - the holder of lands directly from the king, in contrast to knights (gentry in England, lairds in Scotland), who held lands belonging to other nobles. Thus, the title of lord became a collective title for the five ranks of the peerage (duke, marquis, earl, viscount and baron).
With the emergence of parliaments in England and Scotland in the 13th century, lords received the right to directly participate in parliament, and in England a separate, upper house of lords of parliament was formed. Nobles with the title of lord sat in the House of Lords by birthright, while other feudal lords had to elect their representatives to the House of Commons by county.
In a narrower sense, the title of lord was usually used as equivalent to the title of baron, the lowest in the peerage system. This is especially true in Scotland, where the title of baron is not widespread. The granting of the title of Lord to nobles by the Scottish kings gave them the opportunity to take direct part in the country's parliament, and was often not associated with the appearance of such persons land holdings on the right of holding from the king. Thus the title of Lords of Parliament arose in Scotland.
Only the king had the right to assign the title of lord to a nobleman. This title was passed on by inheritance male line and in accordance with the principle of primogeniture. However, the title of lord also began to be used by the children of nobles of the highest ranks (dukes, marquises, viscounts). In this sense, the wearing of this title did not require special sanction from the monarch.
Lord, this is not a title - this is an appeal to the nobility, eg Lord Stone.
Lord (lord, in original meaning- owner, head of the house, family, from Anglo-Saxon. hlaford, literally - keeper, protector of bread), 1) originally in medieval England V general meaning- feudal landowner (lord of the manor, landlord) and lord of his vassals, more special meaning- a major feudal lord, the direct holder of the king - a baron. Gradually, the title of L. became the collective title of the English high nobility (dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, barons), which was received (since the 14th century) by the peers of the kingdom, constituting the upper house of the British parliament - the House of Lords. The title of L. is passed on through male lineage and seniority, but can also be granted by the crown (on the recommendation of the Prime Minister). Since the 19th century complains (“for special merits”) not only to large landowners, as was previously customary, but also to representatives of big capital, as well as some scientists, cultural figures, etc. Until 1958, seats in the House of Lithuania were filled only by inheritance of this title. Since 1958, the appointment by the monarch of some of the members of the chamber of parliament has been introduced, and those appointed by parliament sit in the chamber for life; their title is not inherited. In 1963, hereditary L. received the right to resign their title. 2) An integral part of the official title of some senior and local officials of Great Britain, for example, Lord Chancellor, Lord Mayor and others. Lord Chancellor, Supreme Law of Great Britain, is one of the oldest government positions(established in the 11th century); V modern Britain L. Chancellor is a member of the government and a representative of the House of Lords. Mainly performs the functions of the Minister of Justice: appoints judges in counties, heads Supreme Court, is the keeper of the big state seal. Lord Mayor is a head title preserved from the Middle Ages. local authorities authorities in London (in the City area) and a number of others major cities(Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester and others). 3) In the 15th-17th centuries component title of L.-protector, which was awarded to some high-ranking statesmen England, for example, regents under a minor king. In 1653–58, the title of L. Protector was also borne by O. Cromwell.
——————
Emperor
Kaiser | King | Konung | King | Basileus
Grand Duke | Grand Duke| Duke | Elector | Archduke | Prince
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Titled nobility
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Infant | Prince | Jarl/Earl | Palatine Count
Marquis | Margrave | Count | Landgraf| Despot | Ban
Viscount | Burggraf | Views
Baron | Baronet
——————
Untitled nobility.
Some hundred years ago, any child in Rus' knew who was “Your Excellency” and who was “Your Grace.” And now there are few such experts left. But many people know that it is quite possible to go from rags to riches, albeit in an allegorical sense.
One thing is known for certain, both count and prince are high titles. And it’s fashionable to be any of them today. Such increased interest appeared in the nobility about 20 years ago. And it didn’t matter whether the ancestors of the newly-minted princes and counts were of noble blood. And no special services are required to the fatherland. And goldfish too. There is desire, connections, money - and the title is yours.
And it happens that their owners do not even know how they differ from each other. Can the count count on a princely title? Who are the count and prince?
Some historians believe that this title goes back to the retinue of the Roman Emperor, while others believe that it goes back to “ to the people's princes"Ancient Germany.
Western Europe since early Middle Ages knew the counts who were officials and represented the interests of the king in their counties. Later, the name "count" became a title in European countries and even outside Europe. 
In the hands of a count from the Frankish kingdom of the second half of the 6th century, the military, administrative and judicial branch in District. His appointment and replacement were at the mercy of the king. By his decision, he could grant lands from the royal estates. They served as a reward, just like the due portion of court fines.
There was a time when the counts became too independent and even rebelled against the king with arms. This position is inheritable. And it was possible to lose it only by decision of a court from the counts. And finally, this title was called noble.
Prince
This was the name given to the leader of the tribe, the person who led feudal state or separate appanage principality. Prince from medieval Germany perceived as the highest imperial aristocracy with special privileges. He acquired the status of the highest noble title, almost like a prince or duke.
Noble titles in Rus'
At first, the title of prince was held by the elder of the clan, who is also the leader of the tribe. And for a long time no one else but him could become a prince.
Only sovereigns and descendants of appanage and sovereign princes held the title before Peter the Great. It was he who first began to reward him for special services. Many people know the name Menshikova A.D.., one of the most famous and first princes not by blood, an associate of Emperor Peter I. And after him, for almost a hundred years, this title was not granted to anyone else
There were only three noble titles in Rus': prince, count and baron. By the way, history also knows a time when being called a prince turned out to be not at all authoritative, even shameful.
"Grand Duke"
Of the princely titles, he was revered as the highest. Only members of the imperial family had the right to wear it.
There were enough of them on Russian soil - the great princes of Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Tver, Smolensk principalities. And as soon as they came under the rule of Moscow, only the “great Moscow” princes remained.
As soon as Grand Duke Ivan IV accepted royal title, his sons became “crown princes” and “grand dukes,” and his daughters also became “princesses” and “grand duchesses” (later, with the appearance of the emperor in Russia, “crown princesses”).
With the reign of Paul I, only princely titles were left for his children, of course, along with “imperial highness.”
Title Count
This title of nobility appeared in Russia at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th centuries. Its meaning was not immediately clear. But its bearers were noble nobles and dignitaries, people close to the sovereign. That is why the title of count became quite revered.
There were more than three hundred count families in Russia by the end of the 19th century. And almost until the revolution there were much fewer bearers of this title than princes. This is not surprising, because it was assigned count's title only to owners the highest award in the empire, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
About titled women
As a rule, men held titles. But history also knows women, princesses and countesses. A woman could also become the title holder, and this was rare.
A woman, becoming the wife of a titled man, acquired a title herself. In the hierarchical ladder, her husband's title determined her place. You could even say that they are on the same step of the stairs, she is right behind him. But more often a woman’s title can be called a “courtesy title,” because she does not receive any of the privileges due to its owner.
It happened, of course, that the title was inherited through the female line. And there are only two such options:
- The woman's role was limited to maintaining the title for the eldest son. In the absence of one, under the same conditions, the title passed to the next heir and she had to pass it on to her son... as soon as a male heir appeared, he became the owner of the title.
- A woman’s title belongs “by right,” but she does not have the right to occupy positions associated with it.
The husband of such a woman did not acquire rights to the title in any case. If you choose from two princesses or countesses, the one who has the title by right has the higher position than the one who enjoys the “title of courtesy” as the wife of a prince or count.
The difference between a count and a prince
The prince is higher in status than the count. Prince in Russia is the oldest title, and it appeared much earlier than count. Before Peter's time it was hereditary. Then they began to grant him the title of count. At all times there were much more Russian princes than counts.
The title of prince was not always prestigious for its bearer. There were times when he was a symbol of dishonor. Simply calling a person that way could insult him. While the title of count has always been held in high esteem.
Titled nobles
A TITLE was an honorary family title or a title “granted” by the sovereign. The oldest noble title in Rus' was PRINCE. Many ancient feudal lords were called princes - large landowners, this title was inherited. WITH early XVIII century, the title of prince began to be assigned by the emperor for personal merit. The highest, but rather rare title was THE HIGHEST PRINCE. The first most illustrious prince was the associate of Peter I A.D. Menshikov. Among the heroes of Russian literature, the most serene princes are shown only as real ones historical figures. This is Potemkin in “The Night Before Christmas” by Gogol and Kutuzov in “War and Peace” by L. Tolstoy. “Your Grace” - this was how one was supposed to address the most serene princes.
The prince's wife was called the PRINCESS, the daughter was the PRINCESS, the prince's son was also the PRINCE, although in ancient times the young sons of the prince were called PRINCESSES. TO 19th century many princely families became impoverished - let us remember the hero of Dostoevsky’s novel “The Idiot,” Prince Myshkin, who was forced to look for a job as a simple scribe in St. Petersburg.
The third noble title was GRAF. Borrowed from the West, it was introduced into Russia by Peter I in 1706. The first Russian count was commander B.P. Sheremetev. The count's wife and daughter were called COUNTESSES, and his son was also called a COUNT. L. Tolstoy calls young Natasha Rostova “countess” in “War and Peace,” but this is a purely unofficial word.
Princes and counts were titled "SIGNESSES".
The lowest noble title in Russia was BARON (for a woman - BARONESS), also introduced by Peter I initially for the highest nobility in the Baltic states. Therefore, after the title “baron” or “baroness” we are used to hearing German surname; among literary heroes Baroness Strahl ("Masquerade" by Lermontov), Baron von Klotz - father-in-law of Griboyedov's Repetilov, Baron Muffel in Turgenev's "Rudin", Baron Tuzenbach in Chekhov's "Three Sisters" - are not accidental.
The barons did not have a title formula; they were addressed simply with the words “Mr. Baron.”
TO end of the XVIII century, especially under Paul I, Russian barons began to appear in Russia - the Stroganovs, Skaryatins, Cherkasovs and others.
In L. Tolstoy’s novel “Resurrection” the following conversation takes place:
“Do you know why Baron Vorobyov? - said the lawyer, responding to the somewhat comical intonation with which Nekhlyudov pronounced this foreign title in conjunction with such a Russian surname. “It was Pavel who awarded his grandfather, a footman, it seems, with this title for something.” Something really pleased him. Make him a baron, don’t interfere with my character. So he went: Baron Vorobyov. And he is very proud of it. A big scoundrel."
Noble titles were transferred from husbands to wives. But if a woman, born a princess or countess, married a non-prince and non-count, she lost her family title. Or she acquired the title of her husband. In Chekhov’s story “The Princess,” the heroine says to the archimandrite: “You know, I got married... from a countess I became a princess.” It could have been the other way around. But if the husband did not have a title, then the wife also became untitled. Anna Karenina, born Princess Oblonskaya, having married the untitled Karenin, ceased to be a princess. TO new name she was allowed to add “nee Princess Oblonskaya” in documents, write the same on business card, but not more. Anna Karenina was no longer called “Her Ladyship.”
What is unclear from the classics, or Encyclopedia of Russian life of the 19th century. Yu. A. Fedosyuk. 1989.
See what “Titled nobles” are in other dictionaries:
Moscow (or "great") nobles rank service people according to the fatherland, existing in the Russian Kingdom. Together with stewards, solicitors and tenants, they formed a group of Moscow service people. The earliest list of Moscow nobles... ... Wikipedia
Chapter One PEOPLE'S CALENDAR Church calendar Old and a new style Holidays and fasts Chapter Two KINSHIP, PROPERTIES, ADDRESS Terms of kinship and properties Confusion of terms Spiritual kinship Conditional appeals Dying words Appeal between ... Encyclopedia of Russian life of the 19th century
Count Mikhail Pavlovich Tolstoy ... Wikipedia
- (Freiherr, German Freiherr literally “free master”; title “baron”) one of the types of titled nobility in the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and German Empire until 1919, the German equivalent of the title... ... Wikipedia
Freiherr (Freiherr, German Freiherr literally “free master”; the title “baron”) is one of the types of titled nobility in the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation and the German Empire until 1919, the German equivalent of the title “Baron”.... ... Wikipedia
Femic court. Painting by Friedrich Hiddemann. Femic courts, themes, Femgericht (from ancient ... Wikipedia
Coat of arms of the Sergeev family Description of the coat of arms: see text Motto: Glory and Honor! Volume and sheet of the General Armorial: VII, 11 ... Wikipedia
I, as the highest ruling class in Russia, arose on the basis of public service. Since in ancient times civil service was no different from personal service to the prince, then this primarily explains the diverse composition of public... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
List of princely families of the Russian Empire. The list includes: the names of the so-called “natural” Russian princes descended from the former ruling dynasties of Rus' (Rurikovich) and Lithuania (Gediminovich) and some others; surnames, ... ... Wikipedia
List of nobles Chernigov province official printed edition Chernigov Noble Deputy Assembly, which contains a list of noble families and persons, the time of their inclusion in the nobility, indicating their ancestors. This data... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Captain Fracasse (audiobook MP3 on 2 CDs), Théophile Gautier. "Captain Fracasse" - adventure novel outstanding French poet and writer Théophile Gautier about the life of wandering comedians in France XVII century. Various characters in the novel: the titular ones...audiobook
- Captain Fracasse, Théophile Gautier. "Captain Fracasse" is an adventure novel by the outstanding French poet and writer Théophile Gautier about the life of wandering comedians in France in the 17th century. Various characters in the novel: the titular ones...audiobook
- New cinema releases from December 25, 2014 and January 1, 2015: “Night at the Museum 3”, “Interview”, “Yolki 1914”, “Moms 3”, “Last Hours”, “3 Hearts”, “Into the Woods” , “John Wick”, “Exodus: Kings and Gods”, “Seventh Son”, “Three Heroes: Knight’s Move”, “8 New Dates”, Anton Dolin. "Yolki 1914" - 100 years ago, December traffic jams, holiday festivities, luxurious balls and modest holidays, titled nobles and ordinary peasants, royal family and soldiers of the First World War...