Rostov-on-Don is one of the most major cities on South Russian Federation, which is administrative center Southern Federal District and Rostov region. It is located in the southeast of the East European Plain, 46 km from the confluence of the Don River into the Sea of Azov, 1192 km south of Moscow. Passes through the city geographical boundary between Europe and Asia, South part the left bank of the Don is Asia, the northern part of the right bank is Europe.
It is a large administrative, scientific, educational, industrial, Cultural Center and important transport node the entire South of Russia, unofficially called the “gateway of the Caucasus”, “ southern capital, the capital of the Don, there is such a fairly common concept as “Rostov-Papa”.
Founding history
The official date of foundation is December 1749, when the daughter of Peter I, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, gave the order to establish the Temernitsa customs, which was originally supposed to be built in the city of Cherkessk, but at the request Don Cossacks, who were losing their duty benefits, by great order, it was moved to the mouth of the Temernik River, upstream of the Don. In 1750, the territory of the customs house was built up with a harbor, a warehouse (warehouse), a quarantine and a garrison barracks that appeared there. In 1756, after the founding of a large international trading company, the Russian and Constantinople Trading Company, the Temernitsky port began to be considered the only Russian port in the southern part Russian state having trade relations with countries located on the coasts of the Black, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas.
In 1761, construction began on a fortress to protect against raids Crimean Horde. After its completion, the fortress with a garrison for four thousand soldiers was named by the reigning Tsarina Elizaveta Petrovna in honor of Metropolitan Dimitri of Rostov and Yaroslavl, who was canonized by the church at that time. Gradually the name changed, at first it was the fortress of Dmitry of Rostov, the Rostov fortress and finally became Rostov, the prefix na-Donu appeared to distinguish it from ancient city Rostov the Great, which is near Yaroslavl. The Rostov port city quickly became famous both in Russia and abroad, attracting a huge number of merchants and merchants. In addition to the four thousand-strong garrison of soldiers, about a thousand settlers lived around the fortress; up to three thousand people from nearby Ukrainian villages, which formed villages and hamlets around the city, came to the port every day to work.
The fortress, equipped with a large garrison and 238 military guns, for a long time was used as a rear base for Russian troops and played important role in events Russian-Turkish wars in the middle of the 18th century. Later, the fortress lost its important strategic significance and was razed; its territory became part of the city, which received the status of a district first in Novorossiysk, then in Yekaterinoslav province. Favorable location of the city at the crossroads trade routes from Europe to Asia contributed to the development of trade there and general economic growth. 100 years after its foundation in 1846, more than 15 thousand people had already lived there, and another 100 years later - about 110 thousand.
(Cathedral Lane in modern times)
During civil war 1917-1920 Rostov housed the center of the White Guard movement, which was destroyed by Budyonny's cavalry in 1920. During the Second World War, the city was occupied twice by the Germans, liberated in November 1942, was heavily destroyed and was one of the ten cities of the USSR that suffered most during the hostilities. IN post-war years it was restored and restored, old buildings and structures were rebuilt, and new ones were erected.
Population of Rostov-on-Don
Despite economic crisis, which absorbed most of the cities of Russia, after the collapse of the USSR, Rostov entered the top ten of the country in terms of population and continues to develop, becoming a large regional center and in 2000 by the center of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation.
As of 2017, the population in Rostov-on-Don is 1,125,299 people, this is tenth among 1,112 cities in Russia, first in the Southern Federal District and in the Rostov region. The increase in natural growth and, accordingly, the population began in 2009, when the population was 1,048,991 people; in eight-seven years it increased by 76 thousand people, which indicates an improvement demographic situation in the region, which continues to this day.
The Rostov agglomeration has 2.16 million people, the Rostov-Shakhtni conurbation (a polycentric agglomeration with several cores without a dominant center) - 2.7 million people.
Rostov is a city with a multinational composition, 90.1% of Russians (960.8 thousand people), 3.4% of Armenians (41.5 thousand people), 1.5% of Ukrainians (16.2 thousand people) live here .), less than 1% - Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Georgians, Belarusians, Koreans, Jews, Lezgins, Chechens, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, etc.
The working population is 692 thousand people, which is 63.2%, children under 15 years old - 13.1%, people of pre-retirement age - 23.7%. The gender structure is dominated by women - 54.4%, men - 45.6%.
According to 2016 data, the migration increase in Rostov-on-Don amounted to 3.7 thousand people, which is almost 4 times higher than the previous year, the number of people leaving for other regions was more than 5,000 thousand people. The most active exchange occurs with Kuban ( Krasnodar region), 23.3% of the population of the Rostov region went there, 19.3% of the local population went from there.
Industry of Rostov-on-Don
(Rostvertol, Mi-24)
Rostov-on-Don is one of the largest developed economic and industrial centers the south of Russia and the entire Russian Federation. Half of the entire trade turnover of the Rostov region falls on this city, the volume of industrial products of large and medium-sized enterprises amounts to more than 30 billion rubles per year, the growth rate of volumes industrial production are constantly growing and becoming more stable every year.
(Assembly line of the RostSelMash plant)
The largest enterprises in the city are:
- Rostselmash is the largest manufacturer of agricultural machinery and equipment not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Its products (harvesters, seeders, etc.) cover 60% Russian market;
- Rostvertol is the largest aircraft manufacturer, part of the Russian Helicopters holding company. state corporation"Rostec";
- The Donskoy Tabak factory is one of the largest producers of tobacco products in Russia;
- JSC "Gorizont" - production of navigation radar systems for civil and military vessels;
(Factory of carpets and rugs Merino)
- Plant "Kvant" - production of equipment for orientation of space equipment;
- OJSC Almaz - production of radio equipment.
- CJSC Empils is the largest manufacturer of paints and varnishes in Russia.
- Spinning mill "Merino"
Culture of the city of Rostov-on-Don
Centers cultural life of any city are its museums and theaters. In Rostov-on-Don, museums such as the Rostov Regional Museum open their doors to visitors local history museum, Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts, Museum of Modern visual arts, Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship, Rostov Museum of Railway Equipment, Children's Gallery artistic creativity, Rostov Museum of Cosmonautics and others.
There are also several theaters for residents and guests of the city: Rostov academic theater dramas named after M. Gorky, Rostov State Puppet Theater, Rostov Regional Academic Youth Theater, Rostov State Musical Theater.
For creating documentaries and film magazines, the Rostov Film Studio was opened here in 1927.
There are 43 libraries in the city, the largest of which are the Don State Library public library, founded in the 80s of the 19th century, the central city children's library named after. Lenin.
The Rostov Zoo houses the largest collection of anthropoid apes in Russia, the Amur tiger and the Far Eastern leopard, a unique bear goat of the Caucasian subspecies, the only such animal kept in a zoo.
The city also has its own philharmonic society, a circus, several exhibition halls and galleries, festivals and biennales (cultural events held every two years) such as the South Russian Biennale are regularly held contemporary art, international festival "Acardeon Plus", jazz music festival "Jazz in Rostov", "Rostov Jazz Invites".
I’ll add my 5 cents about Rostov
So, the cons:
- I’ve come to terms with Rostov’s rudeness and almost stopped noticing it, but it’s still there. Acquaintances who left for other, more northern cities(except for Moscow), they unanimously note how much friendlier and calmer the people there are. Yes, I noticed it myself, since I often visited other regions;
- people in general are more vain than most Russian cities. But it can be attributed to the fact that, after all, we have a population of over a million people, and the southernmost one at that;
- show off);
- in the city, and beyond, it is customary to litter. All the time, someone throws pieces of paper, empty packs of cigarettes, and bottles onto the road. Even on children's playgrounds there are broken glass and the same garbage lying around. It remains a mystery to me how you can crap like that in the city (street, entrance, yard, etc.) where you live;
- nature. Almost bare flat steppe (although some people like it). It is unrealistic to go out into nature for free within a radius of 50-70 km from Rostov. If it’s free, then it’s a dirty pond, a pile of garbage nearby, or just a “no place.” If the place is good, near water, trees and clean, then there is a fence and enterprising guys charge you a tribute for the use of natural resources;
- want to see what the worst winter looks like? Come to Rostov. Two weeks of snow per winter, of which white It lasts for at most three days, then it’s a dirty mess. Traffic jams - 10 points according to Yandex.
- quite hot, sultry and dull summer. Then again, some people like this too;
- in some places the architecture is completely indistinct, historical 2-story buildings next to 25-story buildings made of glass and concrete. In general, the general plan and architectural standards have long been neglected; monetary interest comes first;
- traffic jams. However, this is a problem in almost every large city.
But, of course, it's not all bad. Pros:
- In contrast to winter and summer, spring and autumn are very beautiful and moderate in weather;
- The city itself is well landscaped and equipped, the embankment is getting better and better;
- After traveling to other settlements and reviews on TV and the Internet, I realized that the roads in Rostov are far from the worst;
- There are no special problems with work and earnings, especially if you know how to do something and realistically assess your capabilities, and do not suffer from the “show-off” disease (see cons);
- The city is not poor, in general it is developing quite well;
- In general, people are quite good and responsive. Many issues can be resolved quite humanly, or as our friends from the Caucasus say, “in a brotherly way”;
- The city is multinational, it’s interesting. We communicate quite normally with Koreans, Caucasians, mainly Armenians, Jews, who have become so Russified that without a passport you cannot recognize your nationality. Everyone has something to learn, especially respect for elders and treatment of children;
- Our girls are really beautiful, although after the wedding this became less important);
- Quite close to the sea, I took the train in the evening and got up there in the morning. By car, if the circumstances are successful, you can get there in about 5 hours.
In general, it’s a normal city, you get used to its shortcomings. No one bothers you to find a circle of friends based on your interests and level. The infrastructure is quite developed. Miscellaneous questions You can completely decide on a human basis, and this is very important. And people have changed a lot after the abnormal 90s, for the better.
Objective of the lesson to study: Population of the territory of the RO Population of the territory of the RO Number Number Number Sex and age composition Sex and age composition National composition National composition Labor resources and employment Labor resources and employment Cities of the RO Cities of the RO Types rural settlement Types of rural settlement
Settlement Antiquity. Scythians Sormatians Antiquity. Scythians Sormatians In ancient times, in the expanse of the Don steppes, the destinies of many European and Asian peoples. In ancient times, in the expanse of the Don steppes, the destinies of many European and Asian peoples intersected.
Ancient Tanais In the 3rd century BC. The Hellenes founded the city of Tanais. The city, named after the river on which it stood (the Greeks called the Don Tanais) was a large business center. In the 3rd century BC. The Hellenes founded the city of Tanais. The city, named after the river on which it stood (the Greeks called the Don Tanais), was a major business center.
Middle Ages. Mongol-Tatars Middle Ages. Mongol-Tatars Since the 12th century, the Mongol-Tatars have reigned supreme on the Don land. Since the 12th century, the Mongol-Tatars have reigned supreme on the Don land. At the same time, not far from modern Azov, the Genoese-Venetian colony of Tana appeared. At the same time, not far from modern Azov, the Genoese-Venetian colony of Tana appeared.
Middle Ages. Khazars and Slavs Middle Ages. Khazars and Slavs The rich steppe nature of the Don has always attracted nomadic tribes. There were Goths, Huns, and Avars here. At the beginning of the 7th century in this area leading position occupied by the Khazars The rich steppe nature of the Don has always attracted nomadic tribes. There were Goths, Huns, and Avars here. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Khazars occupied a leading position in this area
New time. Cossacks Since the 16th century, the history of the Don land has been unthinkable without the Cossacks. Most of the steppes were not populated, so it was here, in the area of the Wild Field, which began immediately beyond the Ryazan land, that those suffering from serfdom rushed rural population. Since the 16th century, the history of the Don land has been unthinkable without the Cossacks. Most of the steppes were not populated, so it was here, in the area of the Wild Field, which began immediately beyond the Ryazan land, that the rural population suffering from serfdom rushed. In 1625 About 5 thousand Cossacks lived on the Don. In 1625. About 5 thousand Cossacks lived on the Don; 1638 - 10 thousand. 1638 - 10 thousand. 17th century thousand 17th century thousand 18th century - 225 thousand. 18th century - 225 thousand. 1895 - 900 thousand 1895 - 900 thousand
Population: Population: .8 thousand people, 8 thousand people, 4 thousand people, 4 thousand people, 0 thousand people, 0 thousand people. Population density 42.1 people/km² (2009), specific gravity urban population 66.9% (2009). Population density 42.1 people/km² (2009), share of the urban population 66.9% (2009). The majority of the population is Russian. Also living in the region are Ukrainians (2.7%), Armenians (2.5%, the majority in the Myasnikovsky district and Rostov-on-Don), as well as representatives of many other peoples. And of course the indigenous inhabitants of these lands are Cossacks. The majority of the population is Russian. Also living in the region are Ukrainians (2.7%), Armenians (2.5%, the majority in the Myasnikovsky district and Rostov-on-Don), as well as representatives of many other peoples. And of course the indigenous inhabitants of these lands are Cossacks.
RUSSIANS ARMENIANS UKRAINIANS KOREANS
Labor resources and employment QUESTION: List the six most popular specialties in your opinion among applicants of the Rostov region QUESTION: List the six most popular specialties in your opinion among applicants of the Rostov region Industry Agricultural sector Non-production sector
Cities of the RO 23 cities 23 cities 7 district cities 16 cities of regional subordination 7 district cities 16 cities of regional subordination Cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people Cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people Rostov -on-don 1062.1 Taganrog273.3 Shakhty219.7 Novocherkassk168.7 Volgodonsk165.8 Novoshakhtinsk100.5 Bataysk105.9
Rural settlements Khutora (Zadonye, Uzyak) Khutora (Zadonye, Uzyak) Villages (Eremeevka, Petrovka) Villages (Eremeevka, Petrovka) Stanitsa (Elizavetinskaya, Veshenskaya) Stanitsa (Elizavetinskaya, Veshenskaya) Villages (Ovoshchnoy, Port-Katon) Villages (Ovoshchnoy, Port-Katon) Katon) Village (Kuleshovka, Peshkovo) Village (Kuleshovka, Peshkovo) ZADONYE VESHENSKAYA PORT-KATON
Test 1. Which peoples were the first to settle on Don land: A) Khazars B) Greeks C) Scythians 2. In what century was the city of Tanais founded: A) 12th century B) 3rd century BC. C) 9th century 3. The third largest people living in the region: A) Belarusians B) Armenians C) Ukrainians 4. Specify the region highest density population: A) north-west RO B) east RO C) south-west RO 5. Why is the level of urbanization in the RO below the average for Russia: A) Favorable agro-climatic conditions contribute to the development of agriculture B) Absence large industries industry in area B) Historical features development of the territory
All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Ethnocultural space of the South of Russia (XVIII – XXI centuries.” Krasnodar, November-December 2013
Tarasova T.T., Rostov-on-Don
DYNAMICS OF THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE ROSTOV REGION
The Rostov region is one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation. By number permanent population it ranks sixth among the subjects of the country and second (after Krasnodar region) - among the subjects of the Southern federal district, making up 30.9% of its population. As of January 1, 2013, according to data Territorial body Federal service state statistics the number of residents of the Rostov region amounted to 4254.6 thousand people. Like most regions of Russia, the region is multi-ethnic. We will consider the dynamics of the size and ethnic composition of its population on the basis of materials from the All-Union and All-Russian population censuses and state statistics, using the methodology of ethnostatistical analysis.
According to the final data of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, 4,277,976 people lived in the Rostov region. Materials from previous All-Union censuses show that in the region there was steady trend growth population, however, the 2002 census already recorded the formation new trend reduction in the number of residents in the region (Figure 1).
Between the 2002 and 2010 censuses, the population of the Rostov region decreased by 126,037 people or 2.9%. During the same time, the population in the Russian Federation decreased by 1.6%, that is, the rate of population decline in the region was higher than the national rate. This is due to the fact that in the region under consideration the more unfavorable regime of natural reproduction and natural population losses are not compensated by migration growth. Despite the fact that natural decline in last years decreased slightly, the downward trend in the number of residents of the region continues to this day.
The dynamics of the population also reflects the changes that have occurred with its constituent ethnic groups. To transform the ethnic structure of the population into to the greatest extent influenced by factors such as the natural and migratory movement of ethnic groups living in the region, as well as a change in the ethnic self-awareness of representatives of a particular people under the influence, mainly, of mixed marriages or ethnocultural adaptation and assimilation.
During the last intercensal period in ethnic composition Significant changes have occurred in the Rostov region (Table 1). Let us consider these changes using the example of the most numerous nationalities in the region.
Table 1. National composition of the population of the Rostov region by the most numerous nationalities (according to the All-Russian population censuses) ?
|
Population, people 2002 |
2002 |
Population, people 2010. |
Here total number population, 2010 |
Increase (+), decrease (-) number, people. |
|
|
Whole population |
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|
Cossacks |
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|
Ukrainians |
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|
Belarusians |
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|
Azerbaijanis |
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|
Dargins |
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|
Moldovans |
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|
Other nationalities (not listed above) |
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|
Persons who did not indicate their nationality. belonging |
The table is compiled according to: Distribution of the population of the Rostov region by nationality. Results of the 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Stat. Sat. /Rostovstat/. Rostov-on-Don, 2005. SS. 9-19; Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census for the Rostov Region. Volume 4. National composition and language proficiency, citizenship. Book 1: Statistical collection /Rostovstat/ - Rostov n/D, 2013. SS. 4-20.
Traditionally, the dominant ethnic group in the Rostov region are Russians. Their number in the region between the 2002 and 2010 censuses decreased by 139,228 people or 3.5% and amounted to 3,795,607 people. As noted above, during the same period the population of the region decreased by 126,037 people or 2.9%, that is, the rate of decline of Russians is higher than that of the population as a whole. In previous periods, there was a steady growth trend in the Russian population in the region, although the rate of their growth was slowing down. So, from 1979 to 1989. the number of Russians increased by 3.7% from 1989 to 2002. - by 2.4%. The latest population census showed for the first time a significant reduction in the number of Russians in the region (Figure 2).
The number of Cossacks (Russian Cossacks) decreased especially noticeably. As is known, for the first time in the practice of domestic censuses in 2002, data was obtained on those who consider themselves to be Cossacks. During the period under review, their number in the Rostov region decreased almost threefold (2.9 times) and amounted to 29,682 people in 2010. In Russia as a whole, the number of those who identified themselves as Cossacks also decreased significantly - from 140,028 people in 2002 to 67,573 people in 2010, or 2.1 times, but the all-Russian rate of decline in the Cossacks was lower than in the Rostov region. Despite this, the Cossacks of the region remain one of the many today, making up 43.9% of the total number of Cossacks in the Russian Federation.
If the reduction in the absolute number of Russians in the region was recorded by the 2010 census, then the decrease in the share of Russians in the total population was noted much earlier (Figure 3), that is, the long-term trend of a reduction in the proportion of Russians continues to this day, which also indicates an increase in ethnic mosaic in the region . From 1989 to 2010 share of Russians in total number of the region's residents decreased from 89.7% to 88.7%.
According to the 2010 census, in addition to Russians, 11.3% of other representatives lived in the region various peoples, among whom the most numerous are currently Armenians, Ukrainians and Turks (Table 1, Figure 4).
As population census materials show, until 1989, Ukrainians in the Rostov region were characterized by an increase in their numbers and until 2002 they remained second in number after Russians. In subsequent intercensus periods, the number of Ukrainians declined rapidly at an increasing pace - from 1989 to 2002. - by 33.7%, from 2002 to 2010. - by 34.3%. According to the latest census, 77,802 Ukrainians lived in the Rostov region, and their share of the total number of residents was 1.8%. Overall for 1989-2010. the number of Ukrainians in the region decreased by more than half (2.3 times). The decline in the number of Ukrainians was significantly influenced by the unfavorable regime of natural reproduction and the unbalanced age-sex structure. The Ukrainian ethnos was one of the first to complete the demographic transition and move to a narrowed type of natural reproduction, when the incoming generations are numerically smaller than the outgoing ones and the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate. Demographically, this ethnic group is the “oldest” (after Belarusians). Thus, the median age of Ukrainians according to the 2010 census was 56.9 years in the Rostov region versus 39.1 years in the region as a whole. There are very few young people among Ukrainians and a high proportion of elderly people. Persons under working age make up only 2% of them (versus 15.1% among the region's population), working age - 48.5% (versus 60.8% among the population) and people over working age - 49.5% (versus 24 .1% among the population) The gender ratio among Ukrainians in the region is also unfavorable: men according to the 2010 census were 39.1%, women - 60.9%, and among the entire population of the region these figures were 46.3% and 53.7 % respectively.
Among the factors that influenced the reduction in the number of Ukrainians in the region, the processes of changing ethnic identity cannot be underestimated. Ukrainians quite often change their identity to Russian. The intensive reduction in the number of Ukrainians has led to the fact that they have become, as the 2010 census data show, the third largest group in the region, giving way to the Armenians in second place (Figure 4).
At the time of the last census, the number of Armenians in the Rostov region was 110,727 people. The dynamics of their numbers is characterized by a long-term growth trend. The number of Armenians increased especially noticeably during the intercensus period 1989-2002. - 1.8 times, which occurred mainly due to their migration influx from outside the region. Subsequently, the growth rate Armenian population decreased from 2002 to 2010. their number increased by only 733 people or 0.6% (Table 1).
Thus, Russians, Armenians and Ukrainians are the most numerous and make up 93.1% of the population of the Rostov region.
A fairly new phenomenon in the ethnic picture of the Rostov region is the unprecedented increase in the number of Turks. According to the 1989 census, there were only 78 people in the region, and in 2002 there were 28,285 people (an increase of 363 times), in 2010 - 35,902 people (1.3 times). And although in the last intercensal period the rate of growth in the number of Turks slowed down, they still remain the highest among the most numerous nationalities in the region. In terms of numbers, Turks have firmly occupied fourth place in the region since 2002, and their share in the total population reached 0.8% in 2010. The main sources of growth in the Turkish population of the region were, first of all, their migration growth, as well as natural increase. A feature of this ethnic group is its predominant settlement in rural areas- 94.2% of Turks live in rural areas. In addition, along with the Roma, the Turks are the “youngest” in demographic terms, their median age according to the latest census is 23.6 years (23.5 years for the Roma), while among the entire population of the region it reached 39. 1 years
The next largest ethnic groups in the Rostov region according to the 2010 census are Azerbaijanis (17,961 people), Roma (16,657 people), Belarusians (16,493 people), Tatars (13,948 people), Koreans (11,597 people) and Chechens (11,449 people) , whose share in the region’s population ranges from 0.4% among Azerbaijanis to 0.27% among Koreans. In the period between the population censuses of 2002 and 2010, only Azerbaijanis and Gypsies increased their numbers; the numbers of other listed nationalities decreased, most significantly among Belarusians - by 38%, Chechens - by 26% and Tatars - by 22%.
The remaining nationalities of the region make up less than 0.2% of its population. Of these, special mention should be made of the Dargins and Avars, whose population growth rates are among the highest. In the last intercensus period, the number of the former increased by 23.9% (from 6735 to 8304 people), the latter - by 15% (from 4038 to 4595 people). During the same time, the greatest rate of decline in numbers was characteristic of Germans - by 38.1% (from 6840 to 4234 people) and Jews - by 36% (from 4984 to 3231 people).
It is noteworthy that the 2010 population census materials showed a sharp increase in persons who did not indicate their nationality- from 7507 people in 2002 to 69228 people in 2010, that is, 10.2 times (Table 1).
In general, according to the 2010 population census, the population of the Rostov region by largest nationalities looks like in the following way(Figure 5):
Based on the analysis, we can draw some conclusions about the changes that occurred in the ethnic composition of the Rostov region in the period between the population censuses of 2002 and 2010:
For the first time, the number of the dominant Russian ethnic group began to decline, and at a rate exceeding the rate of decline in the total population of the region;
The share of Russians in the total population continues to decrease and the ethnic mosaic of the region continues to increase;
The share of the Slavic component in the ethnic composition of the region continues to decline (the share of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians in the total population decreased from 92.6% in 2002 to 90.9% in 2010);
The largest (besides Russians) ethnic groups in the region are Armenians, Ukrainians and Turks;
Of all the nationalities, the number of which exceeds 3 thousand people, the increase occurred only among Armenians, Turks, Azerbaijanis, Gypsies, Dargins, Avars and Lezgins, the number of others decreased. The most high rates The increase in numbers was observed among the Turks and Dargins, the highest rates of decline were observed among the Germans and Belarusians.