To characterize the distribution of the population, the indicator is used density population, which first appeared in the works of economists in the first half of the 19th century. It allows you to more or less clearly judge the degree of population of the territory; it reflects the suitability of a particular type of natural environment for the productive activities of people and the direction of the economy, and the demographic capacity of the territory. The most traditional indicator of population density is calculated as the ratio of the number of permanent residents of a territory to its area, excluding large inland water basins, and is expressed in the number of people per 1 km 2 (gross population density).
In industrial countries, the average density indicator, due to the high proportion of city residents, does not reflect the nature of the use of the territory. Therefore, rural population density is often determined in relation to either the entire territory of the country, or only agricultural land, or suitable for agriculture (net population density).
Data on average density make it possible to compare countries and regions with each other, especially when comparing agricultural countries. The smaller the territory taken for calculation, the closer this indicator is to reality. Thus, with an average population density of Indonesia of 122 people/km 2 o. Java has a density of over 500 people/km 2 , and some of its regions (Adiverna, Klatena) have a density of more than 2,500 people/km 2 [Shuv., p. 82].
The overall population density of the Earth is growing in proportion to the growth of the world population. In 1900, this figure was 12 people/km2, in 1950 – 18, and in 2000 – approximately 45 people/km2. Rural population density has grown much more slowly and is now half the global average. And in economically developed countries, the density of the rural population does not grow at all or even decreases.
At the same time, in densely populated countries such as India and Bangladesh, where urbanization is developing slowly, the burden of the rural population on agricultural lands that have long been used to the limit is growing.
Populous Asia has the highest density (126 people/km2), Europe (excluding CIS countries) has more than 120 people/km2, while in other macroregions of the Earth the population density is lower than the world average: in Africa - 31, in America - 22, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people/km 2 .
Comparing the population density of individual countries allows us to distinguish three groups of states according to this indicator. Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc. have very high population densities (over 200 people/km2).
Small, predominantly island countries have particularly high population densities: Monaco (33,104 people/km2), Singapore (6785), Malta (1288), Bahrain (1098), Barbados (647), Mauritius (618 people/km2) and etc.
There are significant contrasts in population density within individual countries. Vivid examples of this kind include Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, etc.
For example, in Australia, 4/5 of the country’s population lives on 10% of the territory, and only 1% lives on 65% of the area. In India, more than half of the population lives in the Tanga Valley, in the south of Hindustan and along the coast, i.e. on 1/5 of the country's territory. Only 3.5% of the population lives on 3/5 of China's area.
The most important geographical features of population distribution can be noted:
– about 70% of the population lives on 7% of the land;
– more than 70% of the world’s rural population is concentrated in Asia;
– more than 85% of the planet’s inhabitants are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, 90% in the northern hemisphere;
– the bulk of the population and settlements are distributed up to 78 0 N latitude. and 54 0 S;
– about 4/5 of the land population lives no higher than 500 m above sea level, 50% - up to 200 m;
– most people live in the lowlands in Europe (69%) and Australia (72%); the least in Africa (32%) and South America (42%);
– about 11% of the world’s population lives at an altitude of 500-1000 m;
– about 30% of the population lives at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea coast [Shuv., Shitikova].
The distribution of the population is reflected extremely clearly and clearly by population density maps, and the larger the scale of the map, the higher its value as a source of information.
The world population density map clearly shows five major high-density areas. The largest of them is East Asian, including the eastern provinces of China, Korea, and Japan. The average density here everywhere (except for mountainous areas) is about 200 people. (Kong, and in the Yangtze Valley, the Republic of Korea and Japan exceeds 300 people / km 2. Approximately 1.5 billion inhabitants live in this area, there are approximately more than 30 cities with a population exceeding 1 million each.
The second population cluster is South Asian (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) with an average density of about 300 people/km 2 and the greatest concentration of population in the Tanga and Brahmakutra valleys - up to 500 people/km 2 . About 1.5 billion people also live here.
The third area is Southeast Asian (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia) with a population of more than 400 million people. In these regions, high density was formed initially due to the rural population, where it does not fall below 300-500 people/km2, and in some areas reaches 1500-2000 people, with the subsequent concentration of part of the population in cities, especially in Japan and the Republic of Korea .
The fourth area is Western European (Great Britain (without Scotland), Benelux, Northern France, Germany), where the average density exceeds 200 people/km 2 .
The fifth population cluster can be traced in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada with 14 million-plus cities. The concentration of the population here, as well as in Western Europe, is explained by the high level of development of industry and other sectors of the economy in cities of various ranks.
A small cluster of population is located in the lower reaches of the Nile, where the density reaches 500-800 people/km2, and in the delta - more than 1300 people/km2.
More than 2/3 of the total population of the planet is concentrated in these areas.
Along with densely populated areas, vast expanses of land are very sparsely populated. About 54% of the Oikulina area has a population density of less than 5 people/km 2 . Such areas include the territories of Eurasia and North America with subpolar archipelagos of islands adjacent to the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Rare population in the deserts of North Africa, Central and Western Australia, Central Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. There is little population in the equatorial Amazon forests, in the high mountainous regions. These areas have extreme natural conditions. Naturally, the bulk of people are concentrated in the most favorable areas for living and farming in the temperate, subtropical and subequatorial climatic zones.
The population density in foreign Europe and Asia is more than 2.5 times higher than the world average, while in America it is twice as much, and in Australia and Oceania it is 12 times less (Table 1).
Table 1 Change in population density by region of the world, people/km 2
Note: * excluding CIS countries
Over half a century, population density has increased most in Africa (almost 8 times) and in developing countries in general - 3 times.
In the Asian region, the majority of the population is concentrated in East, Southeast and South Asia. Huge areas of deserts, semi-deserts and mountains have no permanent population. As already noted, this region is characterized by intra-country differentiation in density (China, India, etc.).
Countries with the maximum population density: Bangladesh - 1035 people/km 2, Japan - 338, India - 344, Lebanon - 377, Israel - 332. In the largest countries in the region this figure is lower: China - 138, Indonesia - 122, Pakistan - 213 person/km 2. Mongolia has the minimum population density – 2 people/km 2 .
Europe has a fairly uniform population density throughout, there are no vast sparsely populated and unpopulated areas, as well as areas of dense agricultural populations, as in Asia. High densities are achieved due to the urban population. The highest rural population density is observed in Malta, Switzerland and Italy, the lowest in the countries of Northern Europe (Iceland, Scandinavian countries). Within-country differentiation in density is most pronounced in the UK and France.
The maximum population density (not counting dwarf and island capitals) is in the Netherlands - 394 people/km2, Italy - 197, Switzerland - 182, Belgium - 348. In Iceland this figure is minimal - 3 people/km2.
Africa is still relatively sparsely populated, especially the areas of the equatorial forests of the river basin. Congo, deserts of North and South Africa. Within-country differences in population density are pronounced in North Africa (Egypt, Libya). The most densely populated countries are Maurinius (619 people/km2), Reunion (319), Rwanda (355), Burundi (306).
Of the large states, the highest density is: Nigeria - 156 people/km 2 ; Egypt –73, Uganda – 188, Ethiopia – 70.
The lowest population density was observed in Mauritania and Namibia – 3 people/km 2 each, Western Sahara – 2 people/km 2 .
America is characterized by sharp differentiation in population density within countries and between countries (Canada, USA, Brazil). The highest population density is observed in the Atlantic regions of the United States and the central highlands of Mexico, on the Pacific coast (California), the Caribbean islands, and the Colombian Highlands in South America. The lowest density is observed in the Amazon, the foothills of the AID, the Atacama Desert, and the Arctic regions.
The average population density of the largest countries in the region: USA - 31 people/km2, Mexico - 54, Brazil - 22, Venezuela - people/km2, the smallest is in Canada (3 people/km2).
Australia and Oceania is the region with the lowest population density. There are population clusters on the islands: Nauru (667 people/km 2), Tuvalu (379), Marshall Islands (370), Guam (315). In Australia itself, this figure does not exceed 3 people/km 2 .
In Russia, the largest of the CIS countries, the average population density is only 8 people/km 2, and the rural density is 2.3. The map of Russian population density clearly shows the main strip of settlement, extending from the Western borders and narrowing towards the Pacific Ocean through the Volga region, the Middle and Southern Urals, the south of Western and Eastern Siberia to the south of the Far East, mainly along the Trans-Siberian Railway. About 2/3 of the total population of Russia is concentrated within this strip. Apart from it, on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District there are several areas with high population density, especially in its western part. In natural terms, the Main Zone of Settlement coincides with the steppe, forest-steppe zones and southern regions of the taiga, the most convenient for living and farming, in which the vast majority of the inhabitants of Russia have been employed for many centuries. Currently, in the Moscow region the population density is about 300 people/km 2 , and in the most densely populated Central Economic Region this figure is 60 people/km 2 .
Of the other CIS countries, Moldova (118 people/km2), Armenia (101) and Ukraine (77 people/km2) have the highest population density. The minimum values were noted in Kazakhstan (6 people/km2), Turkmenistan (11 people/km2).
Help for applicants » The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2
The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2
The average population density of the Earth is more than _ people per 1 km2 (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 30
The average air temperature at the Earth's surface is currently +_ degrees (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 15
There are three races
(*answer*) white
(*answer*) black
(*answer*) yellow
blue
There are various cycles of matter and energy
(*answer*) air circulation in the atmosphere
(*answer*) water cycles
(*answer*) biological cycles
cycle of affairs
The solid core is surrounded by a layer of melt (liquid core) approximately _ kilometers thick
(*answer*) 2000
20000
5000
1000
Tver merchant _ in the second half of the 15th century. reached India through Persia and the Arabian Sea
(*answer*) Afanasy Nikitin
Dmitry Laptev
Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay
Grigory Shelikhov
Accurate population data is provided by _ - simultaneous collection of digital data on all residents of the country
(*answer*) census
copybook
amounts
results
J. Cook made three voyages to then unknown areas of the Pacific Ocean and discovered
(*answer*) New Guinea
(*answer*) New Zealand
(*answer*) shores of Australia
America
At the equator, the salinity of ocean waters is about _% (give the answer in numbers)
(*answer*) 34
An increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere can lead to dangerous increases in air temperature and the appearance of
(*answer*) ozone hole
solar eclipses
lunar eclipses
eternal autumn
The angle of inclination of the sun's rays in the direction from the equator to the poles
(*answer*) decreases
constant
increases
stable
An area of the earth's surface that is distinguished by the characteristics of natural components that are in complex interaction is called
(*answer*) natural complex
sports complex
Forest
country cottage area
Scientists have proven that if you connect modern continental blocks, the contours of large Paleozoic continents are restored
(*answer*) Gondwana
(*answer*) Laurasia
Eurasia
Schwambrania
Scientists of Ancient Greece identified three zones within the land inhabited at that time
(*answer*) northern - damp and cold (Scythia)
(*answer*) southern - dry and desert (Egypt and Arabia)
(*answer*) average - favorable (Mediterranean)
airy - transparent (Space)
The central luminary of the solar system is
(*answer*) Sun
Moon
polar Star
northern lights
Find the extra word in each group. Write down the rest of the words, indicate the suffixes.
According to the ancient Russian tradition, Orthodox churches were crowned with five chapters (*answer*)
Here are some telephone conversations. What questions are they asking each
The legal capacity of trade unions, their associations, the primary trade union organization arises as the legal capacity of a legal
How is the amount of glucose in the blood maintained? Fill the table.
During excavations in the Assyrian city of Nineveh, a library of clay books was found. Every book
To insert checkboxes with answer options, such as “Yes” or
What animals are called invertebrates?
How can you explain the meaning of the expression: “Victory in the Northern War -
What was the legally established working day for an adult male?
The embryo receives nutrition for its development through the system: a) digestive; b)
The non-respondent problem is a serious problem (*answer*) in mass surveys
Passing Unified State Examination score for specialties Moscow Institute of Linguistics MIL
The mental operation of dividing a complex object into its constituent parts is called (*answer*)
4. A decrease in the aggregate demand curve is the result of: a) the real cash flow effect
A 20 cm thick concrete slab lies on a horizontal floor. Determine the pressure
The appearance of man on Earth, his settlement across the continents
The homeland of man is currently considered to be an area covering southern and southeastern Europe, northeastern Africa and western Asia.
From here people settled across other continents.
Primitive people came to Australia through the islands of modern Indonesia and the Philippines, to North America - through the isthmus that connected it with Eurasia, to South America - through the Isthmus of Panama from North America.
World population
The world's population is 6.2 billion people (2003), and it is constantly growing.
More than half of the world's total population is concentrated in the 10 largest countries by population, while the two largest contain more than a third of all people. The most populated countries in the world with capitals:
China (Beijing) - 1 billion.
300 million people;
India (Delhi) -1 billion 40 million people;
USA (Washington) - 287 million people;
Indonesia (Jakarta) - 221 million people;
Brazil (Brasilia) - 175 million people;
Pakistan (Islamabad) - 170 million people;
Russia (Moscow) -145 million people;
Nigeria (Lagos) - 143 million people;
Bangladesh (Dhaka) - 130 million people;
Japan (Tokyo) -126 million
Distribution of people by continents
People settled across the continents very unevenly.
The average population density of the Earth is 40 people/km2, but there are areas where this figure is less than 1 person/km2. Population density is affected by:
- natural factor(the majority of the population lives in the equatorial, tropical and temperate climate zones, half of the world's population lives within a 200-kilometer coastal strip),
- historical factor(the northeastern United States is the “cradle” of the entire country),
- economic factor(people migrate to economically developed areas).
The most densely populated areas at present are Europe, southern and southeastern Asia, and the northeastern United States.
World population Wikipedia
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Continents of Earth
World map
There are six continents or continents on Earth: Australia, Antarctica, Africa, Eurasia, North America, South America. Five of them (except Antarctica) contain different countries. A country is a territory that has its own borders, government and common history. There are more than 250 countries on Earth, home to about 7 billion 200 million people.
Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth
It is made up of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
There are 65 countries in Europe, 50 of which are independent states. Asia is the largest part of the world. About 4 billion people live here, that is, over half of the entire world population.
There are 54 countries in Asia. The largest country in Eurasia, and on the entire planet, is Russia. Its western part alone occupies more than half of the entire territory of Europe.
The biggest country
Russia is located on one continent - Eurasia, but in two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.
The territory of our country makes up one sixth of the Earth's landmass. Russia is inhabited by 140 million people - representatives of more than 100 different nations. The nature of Russia is unusually rich. It is in our country that the largest forest in the world is located - the Siberian taiga and the deepest lake - Baikal.
Hot continent - Africa
Africa's treasures are its national reserves
Africa is the hottest and second largest continent on the planet.
There are 62 countries on its territory, 54 of them are independent states. Africa's population is more than 1 billion people. The weather here is hot or warm most of the year.
Snow and ice can be seen very rarely here, mainly on the tops of high mountains.
Icy Antarctica
There are no states or countries in Antarctica. It's very, very cold there. The entire surface of this continent is covered with ice and snow. Due to severe weather conditions, normal human life is almost impossible here.
Therefore, only scientists come to Antarctica to conduct various studies. The territory of this continent does not belong to any state.
The most numerous inhabitants of Antarctica are penguins.
Australia is the smallest continent on earth
The symbol of Australia is the kangaroo
Australia is the only continent on which only one country is located - Australia, which translates as “southern land”.
23 million people live here. Due to the lush vegetation located along the shores, Australia is nicknamed the green continent. However, the interior of the continent is predominantly desert terrain. This continent is famous for its kangaroos, of which there are significantly more than people - 60 million individuals.
Far North America
It is the third largest continent on the globe and the fourth most populous.
500 million people live here. There are 43 countries in North America, but only 23 of them are independent states.
Of these 23 states, only 10 are located directly on the continent, the remaining 13 are island powers. Most of North America is occupied by Canada and the United States of America.
Death Valley
This is the name of the desert, which is located in the American state of California.
This is one of the driest and hottest places on our planet. On summer days, the thermometer here often shows above +45 °C. On winter nights, frosts often occur in this desert.
At the same time, there is almost no precipitation in this area.
Impenetrable Forest Continent - South America
South America occupies only an eighth of the landmass. There are 15 countries here, of which 12 are independent states. The largest country is Brazil. On the continent there are the largest tropical rain forests in area - the Amazonian jungle, in which Indian tribes that do not enjoy the benefits of civilization are still preserved.
Population of the planet
race Negroid Mongoloid urbanization
In 1987, there were more than 5 billion people on our planet. By the way, about a billion. Somehow we get used to great rooms and we don't always feel their size. You will probably be interested in the fact that the thickness of a book containing a billion pages will reach ... 50 kilometers, and a billion minutes will preserve the entire history of civilization - from ancient Rome to the present day ...
They settled on all continents except Antarctica, where there are no permanent residents.
The world's population is very unevenly distributed. It is estimated that about 70% of the people in the most populated areas of the world occupy just 7% of the land. Natural conditions have a significant impact on population distribution.
People of different continents and countries differ in appearance in terms of: skin color, hair, eyes, head, nose, lips. Such differences are inherited: the transition from parents to children.
Scientists believe that all humanity can be divided into three main races: Caucasoid (white), Mongoloid (yellow), Equatorial (black).
There are also intermediate passing races.
The question of the origin of races is very complex and not fully resolved by science.
However, experts believe that some racial traits may be influenced by the environment.
Let's see how natural conditions left their marks on representatives of different races.
In Africa, sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania, the main races involved are equatorial (black) races.
They are characterized by dark, dry skin, black coarse hair, thick lips, and a wide nose.
Negroids, who form one of the branches of the equatorial race, inhabit most of the African continent - the hottest in the world.
Where they live, the nature is surprisingly unique and there are many exotic plants. There is no cold, known winter in winter. The air temperature hardly changes between seasons. There is plenty of sunshine throughout the year.
However, excessive exposure to the sun is harmful to the human body.
And over many millennia, man gradually adapted to the excess of the sun. The pigment has developed in the skin, which ultimately retains some of the sun's rays and hence saves the skin from getting burned. A solid layer of cowhide, forming an air cushion, reliably protects the head from overheating.
The African population consists of many peoples, nationalities and tribes that differ in language, culture, and way of life.
Currently there are about 200-250 people. The diversity of the national composition of the population was also influenced by the movement of autochthonous inhabitants, the movement of Asian peoples into Africa and the invasion of Europeans.
Europeans first arrived on the west coast of Africa in the 14th century.
The shameful work of slaves, which lasted more than four centuries, and the unscrupulous exploitation of the autochthonous population by the colonialists led to the fact that the population of many African regions decreased significantly.
An estimated 100 million Africans died during the export of slaves.
The colonial regime slowed down the economic and cultural development of the peoples of this continent.
In the second half of this century, thanks to the national liberation struggle, a large African state gained independence.
African countries that have gained independence are implementing social reforms to improve people's lives.
He pays great attention to the younger generation, the construction of new schools and kindergartens.
An important part of the population is engaged in agriculture.
Modern machines help farmers. Residents grow corn and sugar cane, rice and bananas, papaya and pineapples, coffee and cocoa.
In terms of industrial growth in many countries, urban populations are growing. Africans are getting new professions.
Carefully preserve and pass on from generation to generation the customs and traditions, rituals and dances of African peoples.
One African poet wrote:
A new century begins.
Era of the Torn
And broken chains
song of melodies
just a village field...
calls from leaders
and crazy factions
insolvent toms,
Representatives of the Mongoloid frame have a clumsy face, yellow skin color, abrasive natural hair, and a special shape of the eyelids.
Mongols live mainly in the countries of Central and East Asia.
Where people live, such as Mongolia, there are many open spaces where there are often strong winds and sometimes dust and sand.
Over the centuries, people have adapted to such natural conditions. A narrow portion of the Mongolian race can develop in the dry atmosphere of the step as protection from sand and dust.
The traditional occupation of the Mongols is animal husbandry.
Ancient Mongolian writings say: “Kon consists of the wind, a man without a horse, this bird without wings.”
The horse is an indispensable assistant for the Arats, the inhabitants of the steppe.
Along the paths of famous Russian travelers Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov. He pointed out the special hospitality of the inhabitants of the steppe; the researcher wrote: “You cannot take food and money with you... in any jute, food and drinks...”.
Arati lives in the jury.
Cold in hot, warm in cold, spacious, light and compact. They can be assembled and disassembled.
Cows, sheep, goats are “short-legged cattle” for the Mongols, and camels, like horses, are “cattle with long legs.”
Previously, the Mongols were mainly nomadic.
Currently, about half of the MPP population lives in cities and workplaces. The capital of Socialist Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar, which means “red hero”. Large industrial companies, museums, theaters, libraries, institutes and schools are represented here.
This is a large modern city with wide shops and streets, multi-storey buildings with boulevards and parks, shady streets, fountains.
People of the Caucasian (white) races live in Europe and partly in Western Asia.
They have fair skin, hair color ranging from light to black, blue-gray, gray-brown.
Big men and big beards grow on men.
People of the European race are divided into two main branches: the north with pink white skin and blue hair, the south with light skin and dark hair. The first of these is widespread in northern Europe, and the others are found in the southern part, as well as in southwestern and northern India.
Almost half of the world's population belongs to the European race.
In the last three centuries, these races have spread to America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
However, it is impossible to distinguish the acute races because members of different races intermingle in ancient migrations.
Therefore, several transition groups were formed among them.
The population of India, for example, is very diverse in its composition and appearance. Based on population density, this country is one of the most populous. Most Indians live in the village. The land is fertile and the climate is favorable for the production of various crops.
In rural areas, traditional characteristics of daily life predominate.
India is a country of ancient culture, there are many exceptional monuments of original architecture.
Indians are the indigenous peoples of North and South America, a special branch of the Mongolian race.
They differ from Mongoloids in body shape, nose shape (high and throaty) and eyes.
For some bronze hue, the American Indians were called "Redskins."
Over the centuries - warriors, fishermen, hunters - created their own culture, customs and traditions.
Not long ago, the North American Indians - a proud, pure people - were perfect and unmodified masters of the earth, its forests and valleys, its river of lakes. This country was their home. Now the most remote and barren areas became the city of many Indian tribes of North America.
To justify the inhumane treatment, domestic scientists discovered whether there were false scientists who began to claim that people who have a bright, polite superior race, but with yellow or black skin, are at the lowest level.
In their opinion, people with black or yellow skin are not capable of mental work and should only do physical work. This position, based on racist theory, has always caused indignation among modern scientists.
More than 100 years ago, the great Russian scientist, famous traveler, geographer and ethnologist Nikolai MACLAY decided to prove that all races are the same, there is no popular race.
“While geographers discovered new, far from known countries,” wrote academician L.
S. Berg, - Miklouho-Maclay first tried to discover man as “primitive”, who did not affect the European culture he studied. "
Nikolai Nikolaevich was the first European to reach New Guinea.
The "Man in the Moon" was called out by the so-called natives with boldness and self-confidence with weapons, seeking discussion and respect for the Papuans.
The passenger collected evidence of unity of national origin.
Studying the population of the island of New Guinea allowed Miklouho-Maclay to counter the opinion of some bourgeois scientists that there were higher and lower races.
“I”, written by Leo Tolstoy in a letter to a researcher, “touch your work and admire the fact that you have proven for the first time that man is everywhere,
friendly, social being.
And you have proven that this is real courage. "
The traveler led him to home journals, sketches, and collections, which today are of great value to scientists studying the world's population.
The number of inhabitants of our planet increases every year.
The urban population is growing and so is the number of cities. Now let's take a small step and ask ourselves: what is a city?
Nowadays, different countries have different definitions of a city. In the RSFSR, a city is considered a settlement with a population of at least 12 thousand people. But in the Estonian SSR, in this city, it is enough to have 8 thousand people.
Although the number of inhabitants is often taken as a basis, the differences are still very large.
In Uganda, for example, a city with a population of at least 100 is considered, 200 in Greenland, 2,000 in Cuba, Angola and Kenya, and 5,000 in Ghana. In Spain, Switzerland, the lower limit is 10,000 people. South Africa also proves its racist policy: a city is a settlement with all the characteristics of a city with a population of at least 500 people, provided that at least 100 of them are white.
Population density plays a decisive role in settlements in many countries.
At least 500 people must live per hundred square kilometers (at a distance of 1.6 kilometers) in the Philippines and 1000 in India. In France and Spain, a city is called a settlement where houses are less than 2000 meters apart.
There is another principle of classification.
The condition for granting city status in Czechoslovakia, Japan and the Netherlands is that from 60% to 83% of the population is not engaged in agriculture.
In the Philippines, perhaps more than in other countries, the reasons for site sorting are the presence of a street network, six or more shopping and entertainment materials, townhouses, churches, public and commercial areas, schools, hospitals, etc.
The oldest cities among the state capitals are Athens (in old times Beruta, Berit), Delhi, Rome. Until our time there were also Ankara, Belgrade (Singidunum), Damascus, London (London), Paris (Luteti), Lisbon (Olisipo).
Cities were created in ancient times with the separation of crafts and trade from agriculture.
However, most modern cities appeared relatively recently - in the 19th-20th. Century - combined with the development of industry.
Currently, the rapid growth of large cities is occurring all over the world. The fastest growing cities have millionaires.
There was no such place in 1800. In the 1850s. In 1900 and 12 there were 4 million cities. According to the UN, in 1950 there were 77 cities in the world with 1 million or more people, and in 1975 there were 185 people.
In just five years, their number has increased to 240, with more than 680 million people living there. By the year 2000, 439 million are expected.
One of the most crowded cities in the world is Paris. It has an average of 32,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. Tokyo is home to 16,000 people, 1,300 people in New York, 10,300 people in London and 9,450 people in Moscow.
The most “urban” countries are the countries of Oceania, where about 76% of the population lives in cities. That's about 8.4 million people.
Very little. But the entire population of Oceania is estimated to be only 11 million people.
In North Africa, 74% of the population lives in cities, Europe - 69, Latin America - 65, East Asia - 33, South Asia - 24%.
The highest point on Earth inhabited by humans is in the Himalayas.
Here, at an altitude of 5200 meters, is the Ronburg Monastery.
The highest city in the world is the Peruvian mountain city of Sierra de Pasco. It is located in the central Andes at an altitude of 4320 meters.
The production of food and agricultural raw materials for industry must constantly increase to feed, feed and cladding the inhabitants of the Earth. Is humanity at risk of death due to overcrowding?
Advanced scientists around the world are proving that the death of overpopulation is not under threat from the world: the Earth can feed billions of people.
Experts believe that the yield of many crops may increase significantly in the coming years.
To do this, we must use the knowledge and experience accumulated by humanity.
Breeders are an important contributor to increasing yields. Thus, several types of wheat were introduced in our country, which bring 60-70 centners per hectare.
Conscientious use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides protects plants from agricultural pests.
Currently, humanity cultivates only 12% of the area. The area of agricultural plants is growing every year. People are leaving wetlands, they are driving deserts.
As the population grows, new cities grow. Instead of fields and forests, asphalt streets and squares, concrete blocks of buildings are growing.
People are growing taller, the air is polluted by car exhaust and company smoke, and the water is polluted.
Man increasingly affirms established natural complexes, since he needs more food and minerals.
Due to the rapid growth of science and technology, the problem of “man and nature” is especially relevant.
Our country occupies a leading position in the field of environmental protection.
Almost all companies have built treatment facilities that completely eliminate the entry of harmful substances into water bodies. Many companies have installed gas and dust collection devices.
Carefully used on our land, in the forests. When we collect wood, we simultaneously grow forest plantations on millions of hectares.
The Earth is our great home, and the life and health of all people on the planet depend on the state in which humanity will maintain it. Every person must protect nature and protect their wealth.
All works are similar Abstract: Population of the planet
Population growth
Population growth is very fast (Table 1).
Every year the world population increases by 60 - 80 million.
Human. It is believed that by 2024 the number of inhabitants will reach 8 billion, and by 2100 - 11 billion.
Population density
Population density shows the average number of inhabitants per 1 square.
km. In order to determine the population density of the globe, the number of inhabitants should be divided by the area occupied by land.
On average, 52 people lived on every square kilometer of land in 2013.
In terms of the number of countries with the highest population density, the South Asian region leads, followed by Europe.
There are no permanent residents in Antarctica.
Overpopulation of the planet
Some scientists prophesy the death of humanity from overpopulation. “The land cannot feed such a huge number of inhabitants,” they say. There are also those among them who believe that wars will save humanity from overpopulation; epidemics of various diseases can claim millions of human lives in a short period of time.
Of course, humanity does not want wars; it will not allow disease epidemics to break out in our time. Material from the site http://wikiwhat.ru
Progressive scientists around the world are scientifically proving that the world is not in danger of dying from overpopulation, that the earth can feed many billions of people.
But at present, humanity cultivates only about 10% of the land area. But even on this 10% of the currently cultivated area, if you increase the yield of food crops to the level already achieved in a number of developed countries, you can get food for 9 billion people, and if you replace all land vegetation with food and feed crops, then the annual harvest of these crops can feed more than 50 billion people.
Even with modern technology, the amount of land suitable for agriculture can be doubled, and in the future, with the development of science and technology, there will be almost no land unsuitable for agricultural use on our planet.
People will drain swamps, irrigate deserts, and develop frost-resistant and fast-ripening varieties of agricultural crops.
On this page there is material on the following topics:
Average density on the planet in 2016
Earth population message
World population by country
Population of planet earth 1940-1960
World population in words
Questions for this article:
How to determine average population density?
Will our land be able to provide food for such a rapidly growing population?
Material from the site http://WikiWhat.ru
Planet Earth
Earth is the third planet in the solar system. Contrary to the name, its land occupies only 29.2% of the planet's surface, and water - the rest - 70.8%.
Area and population of continents
Continents of Earth
A continent is a large piece of land (the earth's crust), a significant part of it is located above ocean level. A continent is synonymous with a continent and, in most cases, a part of the world. There are seven continents on Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica).
However, you can often find other opinions about the quantity, and here's why.
Number of continents
In different traditions (schools, countries), it is customary to count different numbers of continents, hence the periodic confusion with numbers. And when some sources talk about the continent, and others about a part of the world, then everyone is also distracted by these concepts, as if they mean different things. For example, sometimes North and South America are considered to be a single continent, America, since they are essentially not separated by water (the artificial Panama Canal does not count).
This interpretation is popular in Spanish-speaking countries.
In the same way, there is an opinion that Europe, Asia and Africa are one continent - Afro-Eurasia - because they form an undivided landmass. And you have certainly heard that Europe and Asia, which have an extremely unclear distinction, are often called Eurasia.
Hence the results of the calculation, when there are from four to seven continents on Earth. Nothing disappears anywhere, they just count differently.
In other words, the problem of understanding is not that, for example, Europe was called a continent or mainland, but what and why Europe was assigned to, what it was glued to, and from whom it was separated. All this is pure convention, and there are several different variants of such conventions.
Oceania
There is a vast region on Earth that is in no way a continent, but still needs to be mentioned: Oceania.
It includes clusters of small islands in the South Pacific Ocean and is roughly divided into Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia. In reference books, Oceania is invariably associated with Australia as the closest (and at the same time the last on the list) continent. And to dispel the misconception that we are talking only about mainland Australia, the title is clarified: Australia and Oceania.
Oceans
Similar to the continents, the water surface also has a conditional division - into oceans.
And here, too, there is some confusion with quantity: there are from 3 to 5 oceans, depending on traditions. In the greatest detail these are: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean.
The biggest and the smallest
The largest continent is Asia.
This applies to both area (29%) and population (60%). The smallest on the list is Australia (5.14% and 0.54%, respectively). Antarctica is not on the list because the ice-bound continent is uninhabitable (comfortable) and largely uninhabited. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean, which covers almost half of the Earth's water surface.
There are cities in the world with large populations. And nothing else if the city occupies a large territory and the population density in it is small. What if the city has very little land? It happens that the country is small, but there are rocks and the sea around the city? So the city has to build up. At the same time, the population per 1 square kilometer is growing rapidly. The city goes from simple to densely populated. We immediately note that it is population density that is taken into account here, while there are other ratings where megacities are located by area, number of inhabitants, number of skyscrapers, as well as many other parameters. You can find most of these ratings on LifeGlobe. We will go directly to our list. So, what are the biggest cities in the world?
Top 10 most populous cities in the world.
1. Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest cities in the world, located in the Yangtze River Delta. One of the four cities under central control of the People's Republic of China, an important financial and cultural center of the country, as well as the world's largest seaport. By the beginning of the 20th century. Shanghai has grown from a small fishing town into the most important city in China and the third financial center in the world after London and New York. In addition, the city became a center of popular culture, vice, intellectual debate and political intrigue in Republican China. Shanghai is the financial and commercial center of China. Market reforms in Shanghai began in 1992, a decade later than in the southern provinces. Before this, most of the city's income went irrevocably to Beijing. Even after the tax burden was reduced in 1992, tax revenues from Shanghai accounted for 20-25% of revenues from all of China (before the 1990s, this figure was about 70%). Today Shanghai is the largest and most developed city in mainland China. In 2005, Shanghai became the world's largest port in terms of cargo turnover (443 million tons of cargo).
According to the 2000 census, the population of the entire Shanghai area (including the non-urban area) is 16.738 million people, this figure also includes temporary residents of Shanghai, whose number is 3.871 million people. Since the previous census in 1990, Shanghai's population has increased by 3.396 million people, or 25.5%. Men make up 51.4% of the city's population, women - 48.6%. Children under 14 years old make up 12.2% of the population, the age group 15-64 years old - 76.3%, elderly people over 65 - 11.5%. 5.4% of Shanghai's population is illiterate. In 2003, there were 13.42 million officially registered residents in Shanghai, and more than 5 million more. live and work in Shanghai unofficially, of which about 4 million are seasonal workers, mainly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Average life expectancy in 2003 was 79.80 years (men - 77.78 years, women - 81.81 years).
Like many other regions of China, Shanghai is experiencing a construction boom. Modern architecture in Shanghai is distinguished by its unique style, in particular, the upper floors of high-rise buildings, occupied by restaurants, are shaped like flying saucers. Most of the buildings under construction in Shanghai today are high-rise residential buildings, varying in height, color and design. Organizations responsible for planning the development of the city are now increasingly focusing on the creation of green areas and parks within residential complexes to improve the quality of life of Shanghai residents, which is in keeping with the slogan of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai: “A better city - a better life.” Historically, Shanghai was very Westernized, and now it is increasingly taking on the role of the main center of communication between China and the West. One example of this is the opening of the Pac-Med Medical Exchange, an information center for the exchange of medical knowledge between Western and Chinese health institutions. Pudong has houses and streets very similar to the business and residential areas of modern American and Western European cities. There are major international shopping and hotel areas nearby. Despite its high population density and large number of visitors, Shanghai is known for its very low crime rate towards foreigners.
As of January 1, 2009, the population of Shanghai is 18,884,600, if the area of this city is 6,340 km2, and the population density is 2,683 people per km2.
2. Karachi
KARACHI, the largest city, main economic center and seaport of Pakistan, is located near the delta of the Indus River, 100 km from its confluence with the Arabian Sea. Administrative center of Sindh province. Population as of 2004: 10.89 million people. Originated in the early 18th century. on the site of the Baloch fishing village of Kalachi. From the end of the 18th century. under the rulers of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty, it was the main Sindh maritime and commercial center on the Arabian coast. In 1839 it became a British naval base, in 1843-1847 - the capital of the province of Sind, and then the main city of the region, which was part of the Bombay Presidency. Since 1936 - the capital of the Sindh province. In 1947-1959 - the capital of Pakistan. The favorable geographical position of the city, located in a convenient natural harbor, contributed to its rapid growth and development during the colonial period and especially after the division of British India into two independent states in 1947 - India and Pakistan.
The transformation of Karachi into the main political and economic center of the country led to rapid population growth, mainly due to the influx of immigrants from outside: in 1947-1955. with 350 thousand people up to 1.5 million people. Karachi is the largest city in the country and is one of the largest cities in the world. The main trade, economic and financial center of Pakistan, seaport (15% of GDP and 25% of tax revenues to the budget). About 49% of the country's industrial production is concentrated in Karachi and its suburbs. Factories: metallurgical plant (the largest in the country, built with the assistance of the USSR, 1975-85), oil refining, engineering, car assembly, ship repair, chemical, cement plants, pharmaceutical, tobacco, textile, food (sugar) industries (concentrated in several industrial zones : CITY - Sindh Industrial Trading Estate, Landhi, Malir, Korangi, etc. The largest commercial banks, branches of foreign banks, central offices and branches of insurance companies, stock and cotton exchange, offices of the largest trading companies (including foreign ones). International airport (1992).The port of Karachi (cargo turnover over 9 million tons per year) serves up to 90% of the country's maritime trade and is the largest port in South Asia.Naval base.
The largest cultural and scientific center: university, research institutions, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Hamdard Foundation Center for Oriental Medicine, National Museum of Pakistan, Navy Museum. Zoo (in the former City Gardens, 1870). Mausoleum of Quaid-i Azam M.A. Jinnah (1950s), Sindh University (founded in 1951, M. Ecoshar), Art Center (1960). Architecturally interesting are the central streets, built in the period between the world wars with buildings made from local pink limestone and sandstone. Business center of Karachi - Shara-i-Faisal streets, Jinnah Road and Chandrigar Road with buildings mainly from the 19th and 20th centuries: the High Court (early 20th century, neoclassical), the Pearl Continental Hotel (1962), architects W. Tabler and Z. Pathan), State Bank (1961, architects J. L. Ricci and A. Kayum). To the northwest of Jinnah Road is the Old Town with narrow streets and one- and two-story houses. In the south is the fashionable area of Clifton, built up mainly with villas. Buildings from the 19th century also stand out. in the Ingothic style - Frere Hall (1865) and Empress Market (1889). Saddar, Zamzama, Tariq Road are the main shopping streets of the city, where hundreds of shops and stalls are located. There are a significant number of modern multi-storey buildings, luxury hotels (Avari, Marriott, Sheraton) and shopping centers.
As of 2009, the population of this city was 18,140,625, area 3,530 km2, population density 5,139 people. per km.sq.
3.Istanbul
One of the main reasons for the transformation of Istanbul into a world metropolis was the geographical location of the city. Istanbul, located at the intersection of 48 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees east longitude, is the only city in the world that is located on two continents. Istanbul lies on 14 hills, each of which has its own name, but now we won’t bore you with listing them. The following should be noted - the city consists of three unequal parts, into which it is divided by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn (a small bay 7 km long). On the European side: the historical peninsula located in the south of the Golden Horn, and in the north of the Golden Horn - the districts of Beyolu, Galata, Taksim, Besiktas, on the Asian side - the "New City". There are numerous shopping and service centers on the European continent, and mostly residential areas on the Asian continent.
Overall, Istanbul, 150 km long and 50 km wide, has an approximate area of 7,500 km. But no one knows its true borders; it is about to merge with the city of Izmit in the east. With continuous migration from villages (up to 500,000 per year), the population is rapidly increasing. Every year, 1,000 new streets appear in the city, and new residential areas are built in the west-east axis. The population is constantly increasing by 5% per year, i.e. Every 12 years it doubles. Every 5 residents of Turkey live in Istanbul. The number of tourists visiting this wonderful city reaches 1.5 million. The population itself is unknown to anyone; officially, according to the last census, 12 million people lived in the city, although now this figure has increased to 15 million, and some claim that 20 million people already live in Istanbul.
Tradition says that the founder of the city in the 7th century BC. There was a Megarian leader, Byzantus, to whom the Delphic oracle predicted where it would be better to establish a new settlement. The place really turned out to be very successful - a cape between two seas - the Black and Marmara, half in Europe, half in Asia. In the 4th century AD. Roman Emperor Constantine chose the settlement of Byzantium to build the new capital of the empire, which was named Constantinople in his honor. After the fall of Rome in 410, Constantinople finally established itself as the undisputed political center of the empire, which since then was no longer called Roman, but Byzantine. The city reached its greatest prosperity under Emperor Justinian. It was a center of fabulous wealth and unimaginable luxury. In the 9th century, the population of Constantinople numbered about a million people! The main streets had sidewalks and canopies, and were decorated with fountains and columns. It is believed that Venice represents a copy of Constantinople architecture, where bronze horses taken from the Constantinople Hippodrome after the sack of the city by the Crusaders in 1204 are installed on the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral.
As of 2009, the population of this city was 16,767,433, area 2,106 km2, population density 6,521 people. per km.kv
4.Tokyo
Tokyo is the capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural and industrial center. Located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu, on the Kanto Plain in Tokyo Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Area - 2,187 sq. km. Population - 15,570,000 people. The population density is 5,740 people/km2, the highest among Japanese prefectures.
Officially, Tokyo is not a city, but one of the prefectures, or rather, a metropolitan area, the only one in this class. Its territory, in addition to part of the island of Honshu, includes several small islands to the south, as well as the islands of Izu and Ogasawara. Tokyo District consists of 62 administrative units - cities, towns and rural communities. When they say “Tokyo City,” they usually mean the 23 special districts included in the metropolitan area, which from 1889 to 1943 formed the administrative unit of the city of Tokyo, and are now themselves equated in status to cities; each has its own mayor and city council. The capital's government is headed by a popularly elected governor. The government headquarters is located in Shinjuku, which is the county seat. Tokyo is also home to the state government and the Tokyo Imperial Palace (also using the obsolete name Tokyo Imperial Castle), the main residence of the Japanese emperors.
Although the Tokyo area has been inhabited by tribes since the Stone Age, the city began to play an active role in history relatively recently. In the 12th century, local Edo warrior Taro Shigenada built a fort here. According to tradition, he received the name Edo from his place of residence. In 1457, Ota Dokan, ruler of the Kanto region under the Japanese shogunate, built Edo Castle. In 1590, Ieyasu Tokugawa, the founder of the shogun clan, took possession of it. Thus, Edo became the capital of the shogunate, while Kyoto remained the imperial capital. Ieyasu created long-term management institutions. The city grew quickly and by the 18th century became one of the largest cities in the world. In 1615, Ieyasu's armies destroyed their opponents, the Toyotomi clan, thereby gaining absolute power for about 250 years. As a result of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the shogunate came to an end; in September, Emperor Mutsuhito moved the capital here, calling it the “Eastern Capital” - Tokyo. This has sparked debate over whether Kyoto can still remain the capital. In the second half of the 19th century, industry began to develop rapidly, then shipbuilding. The Tokyo-Yokohama railway was built in 1872, and the Kobe-Osaka-Tokyo railway in 1877. Until 1869 the city was called Edo. On September 1, 1923, a major earthquake (7-9 on the Richter scale) occurred in Tokyo and the surrounding area. Almost half of the city was destroyed, and a strong fire broke out. About 90,000 people became victims. Although the reconstruction plan turned out to be very expensive, the city began to partially recover. The city was again seriously damaged during World War II. The city was subjected to massive air attacks. More than 100,000 residents died in one raid alone. Many wooden buildings burned down, and the old Imperial Palace was damaged. After the war, Tokyo was occupied by the military, and during the Korean War it became a major military center. Several American bases still remain here (Yokota military base, etc.). In the mid-20th century, the country's economy began to rapidly revive (what was described as an "Economic Miracle"), in 1966 it became the second largest economy in the world. The revival from war traumas was proven by the holding of the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1964, where the city showed itself favorably on the international stage. Since the 70s, Tokyo has been overwhelmed by a wave of labor from rural areas, which led to further development of the city. By the end of the 80s, it became one of the most dynamically developing cities on Earth. On March 20, 1995, a sarin gas attack occurred in the Tokyo subway. The terrorist attack was carried out by the religious sect Aum Shinrikyo. As a result, over 5,000 people were injured, 11 of them died. Seismic activity in the Tokyo area has led to discussions about moving the capital of Japan to another city. Three candidates have been named: Nasu (300 km north), Higashino (near Nagano, central Japan) and a new city in Mie province, near Nagoya (450 km west of Tokyo). A government decision has already been received, although no further action is being taken. Currently, Tokyo continues to develop. Projects to create artificial islands are being consistently implemented. The most notable project is Odaiba, which is now a major shopping and entertainment center.
5. Mumbai
The history of the emergence of Mumbai - a dynamic modern city, the financial capital of India and the administrative center of the state of Maharashtra - is quite unusual. In 1534, the Sultan of Gujarat ceded a group of seven unwanted islands to the Portuguese, who, in turn, gave them to the Portuguese princess Catarina of Braganza on the day of her wedding to King Charles II of England in 1661. In 1668, the British government surrendered the islands leased to the East India Company for 10 pounds of gold per year, and gradually Mumbai grew into a center of trade. In 1853, the first railway line on the subcontinent was built from Mumbai to Thane, and in 1862, a colossal land development project turned seven islands into a single whole - Mumbai was on the path to becoming the largest metropolis. During its existence, the city changed its name four times, and for those who are not experts in geography, its former name is more familiar - Bombay. Mumbai, after the historical name of the area, reverted to its name in 1997. Today it is a vibrant city with a distinct character: a major industrial and commercial center, it still has an active interest in theater and other arts. Mumbai is also home to the main center of the Indian film industry - Bollywood.
Mumbai is the most populous city in India: in 2009, the city's population was 13,922,125 people. Together with its satellite cities, it forms the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the world with a population of 21.3 million people. The area occupied by Greater Mumbai is 603.4 sq. km. The city stretches along the coast of the Arabian Sea for 140 km.
6. Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country and one of the largest cities in South America.
Buenos Aires is located 275 km from the Atlantic Ocean in a well-protected bay of La Plata Bay, on the right bank of the Riachuelo River. The average air temperature in July is +10 degrees, and in January +24. The amount of precipitation in the city is 987 mm per year. The capital is located in the northeastern part of Argentina, on flat terrain, in a subtropical natural zone. The natural vegetation of the city's surroundings is represented by tree and grass species typical of meadow steppes and savannas. Greater Buenos Aires includes 18 suburbs, with a total area of 3,646 square kilometers.
The population of the capital of Argentina proper is 3,050,728 (2009, estimate) people, which is 275 thousand (9.9%) more than it was in 2001 (2,776,138, census). In total, 13,356,715 people live in the urban agglomeration, including numerous suburbs immediately adjacent to the capital (2009 estimate). Residents of Buenos Aires have a half-joking nickname - porteños (literally, residents of the port). The population of the capital and its suburbs is growing rapidly, including due to the immigration of guest workers from Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and other neighboring countries. The city is very multinational, but the main division of communities occurs along class lines, and not along racial lines as in the United States. The majority of the population is Spanish and Italian, descendants of both the settlers of the Spanish colonial period from 1550-1815 and the larger wave of European immigrants to Argentina from 1880-1940. About 30% are mestizos and representatives of other nationalities, among which the following communities stand out: Arabs, Jews, English, Armenians, Japanese, Chinese and Koreans; there is also a large number of immigrants from neighboring countries, primarily from Bolivia and Paraguay, and more recently from Korea , China and Africa. During the colonial period, groups of Indians, mestizos and black slaves were visible in the city, gradually disappearing into the southern European population, although their cultural and genetic influences are still noticeable today. Thus, the genes of modern residents of the capital are quite mixed compared to white Europeans: on average, the genes of residents of the capital are 71.2% European, 23.5% Indian and 5.3% African. Moreover, depending on the quarter, African admixtures vary from 3.5% to 7.0%, and Indian admixtures from 14.0% to 33%. . The official language in the capital is Spanish. Other languages - Italian, Portuguese, English, German and French - have now practically fallen out of use as native languages due to the mass assimilation of immigrants in the second half of the 19th - early 19th century. XX centuries, but are still taught as foreign languages. During the period of the massive influx of Italians (especially Neapolitans), the mixed Italian-Spanish sociolect Lunfardo became widespread in the city, which gradually disappeared, but left traces in the local linguistic version of the Spanish language (See Spanish in Argentina). Among the city's religious population, the majority are adherents of Catholicism, a small part of the capital's residents profess Islam and Judaism, but in general the level of religiosity is extremely low, since a secular-liberal way of life predominates. The city is divided into 47 administrative districts, the division was initially based on Catholic parishes, and remained so until 1940.
7. Dhaka
The name of the city is derived from the name of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga or from the name of the tropical tree Dhaka, which produces valuable resin. Dhaka is located on the northern bank of the turbulent Buriganda River almost in the center of the country and is more similar to the legendary Babylon than to the modern capital. Dhaka is a river port in the Ganges Brahmaputra delta, as well as a center for water tourism. Although travel by water is quite slow, water transport in the country is well developed, safe and widely used. The oldest section of the city, lying north of the coastline, is an ancient trading center of the Mughal Empire. In the Old City there is an unfinished fortress - Fort LaBad, dating back to 1678, which houses the mausoleum of Bibi Pari (1684). It is also worth paying attention to the more than 700 mosques, including the famous Hussein Dalan, located in the old City. Now the old City is a vast area between the two main water transport terminals, Sadarghat and Badam Tole, where the experience of observing the daily life of the river is especially charming and interesting. Also in the old part of the city there are traditional large oriental bazaars.
The city's population is 9,724,976 inhabitants (2006), with its suburbs - 12,560 thousand people (2005).
8. Manila
Manila is the capital and main city of the Central Region of the Republic of the Philippines, which occupies the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the west, the islands are washed by the South China Sea, in the north they adjoin Taiwan through the Bashi Strait. Located on the island of Luzon (the largest in the archipelago), Metro Manila includes, in addition to Manila itself, four more cities and 13 municipalities. The name of the city comes from two Tagalog (local Filipino) words "may" meaning "to appear" and "nilad" - the name of the original settlement located along the banks of the Pasig River and the bay. Before the Spanish conquest of Manila in 1570, the islands were inhabited by Muslim tribes who acted as intermediaries in Chinese trade with South Asian merchants. After a fierce struggle, the Spaniards occupied the ruins of Manila, which the natives set fire to escape from the invaders. After 20 years, the Spaniards returned and built defensive structures. In 1595, Manila became the capital of the Archipelago. From this time until the 19th century, Manila was the center of trade between the Philippines and Mexico. With the arrival of Europeans, the Chinese were limited in free trade and repeatedly rebelled against the colonists. In 1898, the Americans invaded the Philippines, and after several years of war, the Spanish ceded their colony to them. Then the American-Philippine War began, which ended in 1935 with the independence of the islands. During the period of US domination, several enterprises in the light and food industries, oil refining plants, and the production of building materials were opened in Manila. During World War II, the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. The state gained final independence in 1946. Currently, Manila is the main seaport, financial and industrial center of the country. Factories in the capital produce electrical equipment, chemicals, clothing, food, tobacco, etc. The city has several markets and shopping centers with low prices, attracting visitors from all over the Republic. In recent years, the role of tourism has been growing.
As of 2009, the population of this city was 12,285,000.
9. Delhi
Delhi is the capital of India, a city with 13 million people that most travelers cannot miss. A city in which all the classical Indian contrasts are fully manifested - grandiose temples and dirty slums, bright celebrations of life and quiet death in the gateways. A city in which it is difficult for an ordinary Russian person to live for more than two weeks, after which he will begin to quietly go crazy - the incessant movement, general bustle, noise and din, the abundance of dirt and poverty will become a good test for you. Like any city with a thousand-year history, Delhi has many interesting places worth visiting. Most of them are located in two areas of the city - Old and New Delhi, between which is the Pahar Ganj area, where most independent travelers stay (Main Bazaar). Some of the most interesting attractions in Delhi include the Jama Masjid, Lodhi Garden, Humayun Tomb, Qutb Minar, Lotus Temple, Lakshmi Narayana Temple ), military fortresses Lal Qila and Purana Qila.
As of 2009, the population of this city was 11,954,217
10. Moscow
The city of Moscow is a huge metropolis, consisting of nine administrative districts, which include one hundred and twenty administrative districts. There are many parks, gardens, and forest parks on the territory of Moscow.
The first written mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. But settlements on the site of the modern city were much earlier, in a time distant from us, according to some historians, by 5 thousand years. However, all this belongs to the realm of legends and speculation. No matter how everything happened, in the 13th century Moscow was the center of an independent principality, and by the end of the 15th century. it becomes the capital of the emerging unified Russian state. Since then, Moscow has been one of the largest cities in Europe. For centuries, Moscow has been an outstanding center of all-Russian culture, science, and art.
The largest city in Russia and Europe by population (population as of July 1, 2009 - 10.527 million people), the center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. It is also one of the ten largest cities in the world.
Monaco, a dwarf state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer of territory. By the way, the area of Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about countries with the smallest population densities? Well, such statistics also exist, but the indicators may change slightly due to the constant change in the number of residents. However, the countries presented below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!
Don't say you've never heard of such a country! The small state is located on the northeastern coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. Guyana's area is comparable to that of Belarus, with 90% of the people living in coastal areas. Almost half of Guyana's population are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.
Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km
The state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but there are 22 times fewer inhabitants than in this country. Botswana is predominantly inhabited by Tswana people, with small groups of other African peoples, most of whom are Christians. 
Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km
The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is small. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and settlements are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. The majority of the population is Arabs, with Berbers and Tuaregs living here and there, and there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese. 
Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km
The state in the north Atlantic Ocean is entirely located on a fairly large island of the same name, where the majority of Icelanders live, descendants of the Vikings who speak the Icelandic language, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people go to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, most return for permanent residence to their beautiful country. 
Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and bordered by Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is approximately the same as in Iceland, but the territory of the country is 10 times larger, and there are also 10 times more people living here - about 3.2 million people, among whom most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks speaking African languages. 
Suriname, 3 people/sq.km
The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America.
A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480 thousand people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented largely by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages of the world are spoken!
Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km
Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of Australia's population lives in 5 major mainland cities located on the coast. Once upon a time, until the 18th century, this continent was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even in appearance, not to mention culture and language. After European immigrants, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, moved to the distant “island,” the number of residents on the mainland began to grow very quickly. However, it is unlikely that the scorching heat of the desert, which occupies a decent part of the mainland’s territory, will ever be developed by humans, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is what is happening now. 
Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km
The Republic of Namibia in southwest Africa is home to more than 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, accurate figures fluctuate.
Most of Namibia's population is made up of Bantu people and several thousand Mestizos, who live mainly in a community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are white - descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, the majority speak Afrikaans. 
Mongolia, 2 people/sq.km
Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. Mongolia is a large country, but only just over 3 million people live in the desert areas (although there is currently a slight population increase). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs, as well as Chinese and Russians are represented to a small extent. More than 9 million Mongolians are believed to live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia. 
degree of population, population density of a given territory. Expressed as the number of permanent residents per unit of total area (usually per 1 km2) of the territory. When calculating P. n. Sometimes uninhabited areas are excluded, as well as large inland waters. Density indicators for rural and urban populations are used separately. P.n. varies greatly across continents, countries and parts of the country, depending on the nature of human settlement, the density and size of settlements. In large cities and urban areas it is usually much higher than in rural areas. Therefore P. n. of any region is the average of the population levels of individual parts of this region, weighted by the size of their territory.
Being one of the conditions for population reproduction, P. n. has some influence on its growth rate. However, P. n. does not determine population growth, much less the development of society. Increase and unevenness of increase in P. n. in certain parts of a country it is the result of the development of productive forces and the concentration of production. Marxism denies the views according to which P. n. characterizes absolute overpopulation.
In 1973, the average P. n. inhabited continents was 28 people. per 1 km2, including Australia and Oceania ≈ 2, America ≈ 13 (North America ≈ 14, Latin America ≈ 12), Africa ≈ 12, Asia ≈ 51, Europe ≈ 63, USSR ≈ 11, and in the European part ≈ 34, in the Asian part ≈ about 4 people. per 1 km2.
See also Art. Population.
Lit.: National Economy of the USSR in 1973, M., 1974, p. 16≈21; Population of the countries of the world. Handbook, ed. B. Ts. Urlanisa, M., 1974, p. 377-88.
A. G. Volkov.
Uneven distribution of the world's population
The world's population has already exceeded 6.6 billion people. All these people live in 15–20 million different settlements - cities, towns, villages, hamlets, hamlets, etc. But these settlements are distributed extremely unevenly across the earth's landmass. Thus, according to available estimates, half of all humanity lives on 1/20 of the inhabited land area.
Rice. 46. Cultural regions of the world (from the American textbook “Geography of the World”)
The uneven distribution of population on the globe is explained by four main reasons.
The first reason is influence of natural factors. It is clear that vast areas with extreme natural conditions (deserts, ice expanses, tundra, highlands, tropical forests) do not create favorable conditions for human life. This can be demonstrated by the example of table 60, which clearly shows both general patterns and differences between individual regions.
The main general pattern is that 80% of all people live in lowlands and hills up to 500 m high, which occupy only 28% of the earth's land, including in Europe, Australia and Oceania, more than 90% of the total population live in such areas, in Asia and North America - 80% or so. But, on the other hand, in Africa and South America, 43–44% of people live in areas exceeding 500 m in altitude. Such unevenness is also typical for individual countries: the most “low-lying” include, for example, the Netherlands, Poland, France, Japan , India, China, USA, and the most “exalted” are Bolivia, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Mexico, Iran, Peru. At the same time, most of the population is concentrated in the subequatorial and subtropical climate zones of the Earth.
The second reason is the impact historical features settlement of the earth's land. After all, the distribution of population across the Earth’s territory has evolved throughout human history. The process of formation of modern humans, which began 40–30 thousand years ago, took place in South-West Asia, North-East Africa and Southern Europe. From here people then spread throughout the Old World. Between the thirtieth and tenth millennia BC, they settled North and South America, and at the end of this period, Australia. Naturally, the time of settlement to some extent could not but affect the population size.
The third reason is differences in modern demographic situation. It is clear that the number and density of population is increasing most rapidly in those countries and regions where its natural growth is highest.
Table 60
DISTRIBUTION OF THE EARTH'S POPULATION BY HIGH ZONES
Bangladesh can serve as a striking example of this kind. This country with a small territory and very high natural population growth already has a population density of 970 people per 1 km 2. If the current level of birth rate and growth here continues, then, according to calculations, in 2025 the country's population density will exceed 2000 people per 1 km 2!
The fourth reason is impact. socio-economic conditions people’s lives, their economic activities, the level of production development. One of its manifestations may be the “attraction” of the population to the coasts of the seas and oceans, or more precisely, to the land-ocean contact zone.
The zone located at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea can be called zone of immediate coastal settlement. It is home to 29% of all people, including 40% of all urban residents of the world. This share is especially high in Australia and Oceania (about 80%). This is followed by North America, South America and Europe (30–35%), Asia (27) and Africa (22%). The zone located 50-200 km from the sea can be considered as indirectly connected to the shore: although the settlement itself here is no longer coastal, in economic terms it feels the daily and significant influence of the proximity of the sea. Approximately 24% of the total population of the Earth is concentrated in this zone. The literature also notes that the share of the population living at a distance of up to 200 km from the sea is gradually increasing: in 1850 it was 48.9%, in 1950 – 50.3, and now reaches 53%.
The thesis about the uneven distribution of population across the globe can be concretized using many examples. One can compare in this regard the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (80 and 20% of the population, respectively), and the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (90 and 10%). It is possible to distinguish the least and most populated areas of the Earth. The first of these include almost all the highlands, most of the giant deserts of Central and South-West Asia and North Africa, and to some extent tropical forests, not to mention Antarctica and Greenland. The second group includes the historically established main population clusters in East, South and Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and the Northeast of the United States.
To characterize the distribution of the population, different indicators are used. The main one - the population density indicator - allows us to more or less clearly judge the degree of population of the territory. It determines the number of permanent residents per 1 km2.
Let's start with the average population density for all inhabited land on Earth.
As one might expect, during the twentieth century. – especially as a result of the population explosion – it began to increase especially rapidly. In 1900, this figure was 12 people per 1 km 2, in 1950 - 18, in 1980 - 33, in 1990 - 40, and in 2000 already about 45, and in 2005 - 48 people per 1 km 2.
It is also interesting to consider the differences in average population density that exist between parts of the world. Populous Asia has the highest density (120 people per 1 km 2), Europe has a very high density (110), while in other large parts of the Earth the population density is lower than the world average: in Africa about 30, in America - 20, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people per 1 km 2.
The next level is a comparison of the population density of individual countries, which allows for Figure 47. It also provides the basis for a three-member grouping of countries in the world according to this indicator. A very high population density for a single country can obviously be considered an indicator of over 200 people per 1 km 2. Examples of countries with such population density are Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, and El Salvador. The average density can be considered an indicator close to the world average (48 people per 1 km 2). As examples of this kind, we name Belarus, Tajikistan, Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, and Ecuador. Finally, the lowest density indicators include 2–3 people per 1 km 2 or less. The group of countries with such a population density includes Mongolia, Mauritania, Namibia, Australia, not to mention Greenland (0.02 people per 1 km 2).
When analyzing Figure 47, it is necessary to take into account that very small, mostly island, countries could not be reflected in it, and it is precisely they that are distinguished by particularly high population densities. Examples include Singapore (6450 people per 1 km2), Bermuda (1200), Malta (1280), Bahrain (1020), Barbados (630), Mauritius (610), Martinique (350 people per 1 km2) , not to mention Monaco (16,900).
In educational geography, consideration of contrasts in population density within individual countries is quite widely used. The most striking examples of this kind include Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. At the same time, we should not forget about the archipelagic countries. For example, in Indonesia, the population density on the island. Java often exceeds 2000 people per 1 km 2, and in the interior of other islands it drops to 3 people per 1 km 2. It should be noted in passing that, if appropriate data are available, it is better to analyze such contrasts on the basis of comparing the density of the rural population.
Russia is an example of a country with a low average population density of 8 people per 1 km 2. Moreover, this average hides very large internal differences. They exist between the Western and Eastern zones of the country (4/5 and 1/5 of the total population, respectively). They also exist between individual regions (population density in the Moscow region is approximately 350 people per 1 km 2, and in many regions of Siberia and the Far East - less than 1 person per 1 km 2). This is why geographers usually highlight in Russia The main settlement strip, stretching with a gradually narrowing range across the European and Asian parts of the country. About 2/3 of all residents of the country are concentrated within this band. At the same time, Russia has vast uninhabited or very sparsely populated territories. They occupy, according to some estimates, approximately 45% of the country's total area.
Rice. 47. Average population density by country of the world
The population on Earth is unevenly distributed. This is due to various reasons:
a) the influence of natural factors: deserts, tundra, highlands, areas covered with ice, and tropical forests do not contribute to the settlement of people;
b) the effect of historical features of the settlement of the earth's land;
c) differences in the modern demographic situation: features of population growth on continents;
d) the influence of the socio-economic living conditions of people, their economic activities, and the level of development of production.
The countries with the highest population density are those with 200 people per 1 km2. This group includes: Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, India, Republic of Korea, Japan, Philippines. Countries in which population density is close to the world average - 46 os/km2: Cambodia, Iraq, Ireland, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, Ecuador. Low population density - 2 individuals / km2 have: Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guinea, Australia.
The overall population density of the Earth is constantly changing. If in 1950 it was 18 os/km2, in 1983 - 34, in the early 90s - 40, and in 1997 - 47. About 60% of humanity lives in low-lying areas of the Earth no higher than 200 m, and 4/5 - at altitudes up to 500 m above sea level. Sparsely populated or not at all populated areas (including the continental glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland) occupy almost 40% of the land area; 1% of the Earth's population lives here.
The most populated areas of the world, occupying up to 7.0% of the territory, are home to up to 70% of the total population of the Earth.
Significant population concentrations have formed in both old agricultural and new industrial areas. Population densities are especially high in industrialized areas of Europe, North America, as well as in ancient areas of artificial irrigation (Ghana, Nile and Great Chinese lowlands). Here, in the most densely populated areas of the globe, occupying less than 10% of the land, about 2/3 of the planet's population lives. The most populated part of the world is Asia. The demographic center in Asia is located in the region of the Hindustan subcontinent. The most populated areas here are areas of intensive agriculture, in particular rice cultivation: the Ganges delta with the Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy. In Indonesia, the majority of the population is concentrated on the island of Java with fertile soils of volcanic origin (population density exceeds 700 people/km2).
The rural population of South-West Asia is concentrated along the foothills of Lebanon, Elbrus, and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Quite a high population density on the coast of the Persian Gulf, which is associated with oil production, as well as around the Sea of Japan (on the Japanese Islands - more than 300 people/km2, in South Korea - about 500 people/km2).
Europe is also unevenly populated. One region of high population density extends from north to south - from Northern Ireland through England, the Rhine Valley to Northern Italy - and is interrupted only by the Alps. This belt concentrates many industries, intensive agriculture, and developed infrastructure. The second runs in western Europe from Brittany, along the Sambir and Meuse rivers through northern France and Germany. The high concentration of population in North-West Europe is explained by the fact that it was here that industrial areas arose, which led to an increase in natural population growth and influx of labor. About 130 million people live in Western, Central, Southwestern and Southern France, on the Iberian and Apennine peninsulas, and on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea. The average population density here reaches 119 people/km2.
Among the countries of Central-Eastern Europe, Ukraine has a high population density - 81 individuals / km2, Moldova - 130 individuals / km2. The average population density in Russia is 8.7 individuals/km2.
A fairly high population density is characteristic of a number of countries in Central Europe, but it is unevenly distributed. Mountain areas and forests are sparsely populated. The usual population density in Poland is 127 people/km2, the maximum - more than 300 - in the industrial regions of Upper and Lower Silesia. The population density of the Czech Republic is 134 individuals / km2, Slovakia - 112, Hungary - 111. Many of the populations of the eastern part of Southern Europe are concentrated on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, per 1 km2 there are: in Serbia, Montenegro - 42 people each, Slovenia - 100, Macedonia - 4 , Croatia - 85, Bosnia and Herzegovina - 70 os/km2.
The distribution of the population in North America largely depends on the time of settlement of individual territories. The bulk of the population of the United States and Canada is concentrated east of 85°N. in the region bounded by the Atlantic coast, a narrow strip of the border between the United States and Canada (up to the Great Lakes), and the southern shores of the Mississippi and Ohio lakes. About 130 million people live in this part of the continent.
In the Central American region, the Antilles are especially densely populated: in Jamaica there are 200 people per 1 km2, in Trinidad, Tobago and Barbados - 580 people. Low population densities in the desert regions of northwestern Mexico.
A significant number of South Americans live in coastal areas on the western and eastern edges of the continent. Large areas of equatorial Amazon forests and savannas (Chaco), as well as Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, are underpopulated.
On the African continent, population density is very low. Particular causes are natural conditions (deserts, moist equatorial forests, mountainous areas), as well as colonization and the slave trade in the past. The population is more concentrated in coastal areas, where large cities or plantations are concentrated. These are the Mediterranean regions of the Maghreb, the shores of the Gulf of Guinea from Côte d'Ivoire to Cameroon, as well as the plains of Nigeria.
In Australia, the most densely populated areas are in the eastern, southeastern edge of the continent.
Harsh climatic conditions prevented the settlement of the Arctic and subarctic zones; less than 0.1% of the planet's population lives here.
True, in modern conditions the role of contrasts caused by natural conditions is decreasing. In connection with industrialization and the introduction of scientific and technological progress, socio-economic factors have an increasingly greater influence on the distribution of the population.
The world's population is distributed very unevenly across the territory. This can be easily tracked using a concept called average population density, that is, the number of inhabitants of the world, country or city per square kilometer. The average density of countries varies hundreds of times. And within countries there are absolutely deserted places or, on the contrary, cities where several hundred people live per square meter. East and South Asia and Western Europe are especially densely populated, while the Arctic, deserts, tropical forests and highlands are sparsely populated.
The world population is extremely unevenly distributed. About 70% of the total population of the planet lives on 7% of the land area. Moreover, almost 80% of the Earth's population lives in its eastern part. The main parameter that shows the distribution of the population is population density. The average global population density is 40 people per square km. However, this figure varies depending on the location, and can be from 1 to 2000 people per kilometer.
The lowest population densities (less than 4 people per kilometer) are Mongolia, Australia, Namibia, Libya and Greenland. And the highest population density (200 people per square kilometer or more) is in Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Korea, and El Salvador. Average population density in the countries: Ireland, Iraq, Morocco, Malaysia, Ecuador, Tunisia, Mexico. There are also areas with extreme conditions that are unsuitable for life; they belong to undeveloped territories and occupy approximately 15% of the land area.
Over the past ten years, huge concentrations of people called conurbation have appeared in several places around the world.
They are constantly increasing, and the largest of such formations is Bostonians, located in the USA.
Huge differences between regions in the rate of development and population growth are rapidly changing the map of the planet's population.
Russia can be classified as a sparsely populated country. The population of the state is disproportionate compared to its vast territory. Most of Russia is occupied by the far north and areas equivalent to it, the average population density of which is 1 person per square meter.
The world is gradually changing, and at the same time it is coming to a modern reproduction regime, in which the birth rate is low and the death rate is low, which means that soon the number, and therefore the population density of countries, will stop increasing, but will remain at the same level.
Monaco, a dwarf state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer of territory. By the way, the area of Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about countries with the smallest population densities? Well, such statistics also exist, but the indicators may change slightly due to the constant change in the number of residents. However, the countries presented below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!
Guyana, 3.5 people/sq.km
Don't say you've never heard of such a country! The small state is located on the northeastern coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. Guyana's area is comparable to that of Belarus, with 90% of the people living in coastal areas. Almost half of Guyana's population are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.
Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km
The state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but there are 22 times fewer inhabitants than in this country. Botswana is mostly inhabited by Tswana people, with small groups of other African peoples, most of whom are Christians. 
Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km
The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is small. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and settlements are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. The majority of the population is Arabs, with Berbers and Tuaregs living here and there, and there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese. 
Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km
The state in the north Atlantic Ocean is entirely located on a fairly large island of the same name, where the majority of Icelanders live, descendants of the Vikings who speak the Icelandic language, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people go to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, most return for permanent residence to their beautiful country. 
Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and bordered by Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is approximately the same as in Iceland, but the territory of the country is 10 times larger, and there are also 10 times more people living here - about 3.2 million people, among whom most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks speaking African languages. 
Suriname, 3 people/sq.km
The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480 thousand people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented largely by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages of the world are spoken!
Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km
Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of Australia's population lives in 5 major mainland cities located on the coast. Once upon a time, until the 18th century, this continent was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even in appearance, not to mention culture and language. After European immigrants, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, moved to the distant “island,” the number of residents on the mainland began to grow very quickly. However, it is unlikely that the scorching heat of the desert, which occupies a decent part of the mainland’s territory, will ever be developed by humans, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is what is happening now. 
Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km
The Republic of Namibia in southwest Africa is home to more than 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, accurate figures fluctuate. Most of Namibia's population is made up of Bantu people and several thousand Mestizos, who live mainly in a community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are white - descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, the majority speak Afrikaans. 
Mongolia, 2 people/sq.km
Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. Mongolia is a large country, but only just over 3 million people live in the desert areas (although there is currently a slight population increase). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs, as well as Chinese and Russians are represented to a small extent. More than 9 million Mongolians are believed to live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia. 