Anomaly in Yamal. Funnels of Yamal: the most mysterious holes in Russia

Mikhail Lapsui confirms the identity of the Gydan and Yamal natural formations. By the way, and in terms of distance from Arctic Circle they differ little. Externally, except for the size, everything is very similar.

Judging by the surrounding upper limits soil, it was released to the surface from the depths of permafrost rocks. True, those reindeer herders who call themselves witnesses to the phenomenon claim that there was first a haze over the area where the ejection occurred, then a fiery flash followed and the earth shook.

At first glance, this is speculation. However, this version of the release should not be dismissed out of hand, says Anna Kurchatova, executive director of the Subarctic Research and Training Site, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, since when methane is mixed with air in certain proportions, an explosive mixture is formed.

In a conversation with a RG correspondent, Anna Kurchatova explained the formation of the failure by the explosive release of gas into the atmosphere during displacement formation ice. They are driven, in particular, by sharp warming in the Arctic. There is plenty of scientific evidence of this. Being in an impenetrable underground cavity, the “squeezed” gas suddenly bursts out, throwing off a multi-ton soil “lid”. It pops out like a cork from a champagne bottle.

And even The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -

On July 17, in Salekhard, participants in the first study of a deep basin on the Yamal Peninsula gave a press conference.

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Chief Researcher Earth Cryosphere Institute Siberian branch RAS Marina Leibman, senior researcher at the State Institution of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug " Science Center Arctic Research” Andrei Plekhanov, who went to the site of the crater formation on behalf of the Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Dmitry Kobylkin, told reporters in detail about what they saw, as well as about the work done.

Marina Leibman put forward an assumption about what could happen to the funnel in the future. “Now its walls are constantly thawing. The water accumulates, and I assume that it freezes below. If this flow of water increases, for example, there will be a very hot continuation of July, then it will not have time to freeze, and a lake will begin to form,” said the chief researcher at the Institute of the Earth’s Cryosphere of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
At the very beginning of the field study, they checked the radiation level and negative substances. According to the instruments, no hazardous radiation in place of the funnel - no.
Having examined the territory, Andrei Plekhanov said: “The diameter of the crater along the inner edge is approximately 40 meters, along the outer edge - 60. Fragments of the ejection that occurred are observed at a distance of 120 meters. And in order to accurately determine the depth, you need specialists with serious climbing equipment. Coming close is dangerous for life, as the edges of the resulting embankment are constantly collapsing.”

Scientists have come to the conclusion that the funnel is the result of a certain natural phenomenon, which is now impossible to define without detailed research. talk about something technogenic impact there is no reason. “There is no ground influence here. A thorough examination showed that there were no traces of the presence of a person with the equipment. Assumptions about a hot meteorite are also groundless; then there should be traces of charring. At this place there was a release of some material from the bowels of the earth. I don't think it was accompanied by an explosion, because it involves the impact high temperatures. I repeat - there are no signs of charring or burning. This is a purely mechanical release, which most likely occurred due to an increase in pressure during freezing and a change in the volume of a certain cavity in which there were reserves of swamp gas. It can be seen that there was water all around, there are traces of streams,” noted Marina Leibman, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Chief Researcher at the Institute of the Earth’s Cryosphere of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Under the thin top layer the land of the peninsula is located permafrost. The walls of the ice pit, as soon as the sun comes out and the ambient temperature becomes above zero (yesterday it was +2ºC on the peninsula), begin to melt. However, according to researchers, strong impact and no deformation of the funnel walls is expected.
It should be noted that scientists measured the depth of the permafrost layer in the vicinity of the eruption, which in the future may be used to determine the start date this process. Let's add, maximum depth thawing was at around 73 centimeters. “Many scientists involved in Quaternary geology would like to study the vertical wall of the crater. I note that in scientific literature there is a theory that round lakes in Yamal are formed due to the release of swamp gas, but deep lakes may simply be a consequence of the thermokarst process. Observing what is happening today, I see that the theory may well have deep meaning“, comments Marina Leibman.
According to her, in the future it is quite possible to diagnose the appearance of such pits. One of the ways is images from space, which, in turn, can reveal the history of the current pit. By the way, in the future the funnel may well transform into an ordinary lake - from hundreds of thousands of other lakes in Yamal.
In July, the Tyumen-Cosmopoisk group reported the discovery of the crater on the VKontakte social network and posted a video provided and filmed by the helicopter pilot:

And the video posted on YouTube by Sergei Kokhanov in May 2014 went virtually unnoticed:

In fact, the existence of this failure became known last fall. A minute-long video shot on a mobile phone by reindeer herders reached local historian Lyudmila Lipatova. The nomads claimed that the hole appeared right then - it wasn’t there yet in the spring. The approximate location of the facility is 30 kilometers from the Bovanenkovskoye field. Lyudmila Fedorovna showed that video to many, but special interest she didn't call.

Source

26.11.2015

From time to time our planet provides us with food for thought. One of them turned out to be a “hole” in the Earth, discovered by pilots in Yamal, the diameter of which was several hundred meters. This hole appeared not far from a large gas field- Bovanenkovsky. And off we go.

People of science immediately began to argue about the origin of this failure. Professor Ivan Nesterov hypothesized that a crater was formed from a collision with a meteorite consisting of space ice, not burned up in the atmosphere. Viktor Grokhovsky, a great expert on meteorites, told him a decisive “no.”

The expedition that went to the site of the failure took various measurements. Scientists took a sample of soil and water from the crater itself. They didn't forget about the air. In their opinion, the failure not only formed, but the rock was thrown out. In this case, no burns or charring were recorded. The preliminary conclusion of the expedition members is as follows: the explosion occurred inside the permafrost. How can it be? Permafrost for many kilometers inside, and suddenly an explosion?

Such a failure on the edge of the earth - Yamal, it turns out, is far from the first on the planet. Similar failures have already been recorded before. In 2010, in the center of the capital of Guatemala, for no apparent reason, an entire garment factory collapsed in the blink of an eye. Then, a few kilometers from this “black hole” a new one formed. Scientists discovered that both failures were formed after hurricanes. But it’s warm there, and in Yamal there is eternal cold and frozen ground.

It would seem that there is no connection between these territories. But it turned out that there is. Only in hot areas do hurricanes rage outside, and in permafrost - inside. Drilling generates waste that is pumped into the ice. So they burst out, forming such craters. There were such disasters in both Northern and South America, in China, in New Zealand. And far from alone. In some cases, entire neighborhoods had to be evacuated.

In Brazil, more than a hundred houses instantly went underground. The reason here was the rain. But in our north there is more than one hole either. About five years ago, reindeer herders discovered a hole in the ground, the diameter of which was slightly smaller, but it appeared earlier than Bovanenkovsky. There were about five of them in total. And now it’s time for scientists to think about it. The pace of gas production in Yamal is growing, factories, villages, roads and other infrastructure for life are being built.

The task of scientists today is to eliminate natural surprises to a minimum. Without thorough research it is difficult to predict further events. Lest nature take revenge on some man-made disaster for our attitude towards her. But that's not all. Gas and oil production is carried out not only in the north, but also in Siberia. So, it can also be subject to cataclysms? Anything can happen, although I really wouldn’t want it. So what is the reason?

Both gas and oil have been produced for more than half a century, but holes only began to appear a few years ago. Scientists suggest that the reason is climate warming. Of course, the Arctic is more sensitive than the Siberian ecosystem. There is more ice and arctic permafrost there, and they are melting more intensely. Soils in permafrost are thawing, and this greatly worries scientists around the world. After all, climate change in our north entails climate change throughout the planet.

Now climatologists around the world are already confident that all the anomalies taking place in Asia, Europe, Africa, and America are caused by climate change and warming in our polar regions.
We should all think about the fact that nature does not forgive thoughtless interference in it. After all, it may be too late. And we must not forget about this. Much has already been done over the years when man considered himself the master and king of nature.

Yamal funnel [VIDEO]

A scientific expedition of the Russian Center for Arctic Development, led by Vladimir Pushkarev, descended to the bottom, the depth of which is 200 meters.

According to the expedition, the walls of this amazing cone-shaped funnel consist of ice with the inclusion of small particles rocks. At the time of descent, the bottom of the funnel was the frozen surface of a lake formed as a result of the accumulation of rainwater. It is expected that in next year rainwater will fill the funnel completely.

The expedition did not discover the presence of any toxic gases at the bottom of the crater. Selected rock samples from the Yamal funnel will be subjected to laboratory analysis.

Some scientists (RAS Academician Vladimir Melnikov) believe that the cause of the formation of the sinkhole is global warming.

The Yamal black hole is the name given to a mysterious funnel that suddenly appeared in the north. It surprised scientists with its great depth and incredibly smooth edges of the hole, descending steeply into the bowels of the earth. On the one hand, the hole resembles a karst formation, on the other, the epicenter of an explosion. Scientists have been struggling with the mystery of the anomaly for several years.

History of discovery

The Yamal Peninsula is one of the coldest places in Russia. The soil thaws to only a meter depth over the summer. All the more surprising was the discovery in the middle of the vast tundra of a huge crater tens of meters deep. According to the pilots, its dimensions theoretically allowed several helicopters to simultaneously sink to the bottom.

The Yamal hole, a photo of which instantly spread across the world's leading media, supposedly formed in the fall of 2013. First video natural phenomenon, filmed from a helicopter, was published on 07/10/2014. A week later, a group of scientists, journalists and rescuers examined the unexpected find for the first time. As it turned out, science had never encountered such an object before.

Location

The Yamal funnel is located on the same Russian peninsula further south gas condensate field Bovanenkovsky (about 30 kilometers) and west of the river Mordy-Yakha (17 km). The region belongs to the bioclimatic subzone of typical tundra.

There are many streams and small lakes here summer period, permafrost extends to large areas. Therefore, the karst nature of the formation of the failure was initially dominant.

Yamal black hole: theories of origin

Geologists, permafrost experts, and climatologists are carefully studying the mysterious round and cylindrical shape with smooth cliff edges. The first gigantic failure with a diameter of about 60 m was noticed in July 2014 on the Yamal Peninsula. A little later, two more similar mysterious wells of smaller sizes were discovered: Na and Taimyr. gave rise to a number of polar versions. Reasons include:

• Karst sinkholes when groundwater large cavities in the rock are washed away, and the upper earthen layer settles.
• Melted ice plug.
• Methane explosion.
• Meteor falling.
• Ufological theory. Allegedly, there was a man-made object in the ground.

Dangerous find

Numerous expeditions of Russian scientists have lifted the veil of secrecy. According to geologists, the Yamal hole, the depth of which is more than 200 m, has a purely a natural phenomenon. But they sound here too different opinions. Some associate the formation of sinkholes with soil washing out or geological processes, the influence of the internal pressure of the planet. Other authorities claim that the craters were formed after explosions.

The conclusions of specialists from the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences sound frightening. According to scientists, huge reserves of “natural explosives” are stored in the planet’s crust. It is located in many corners of the Earth, and subsequently massive explosions may occur, triggered by climate change. A number of geologists claim: “The consequences will be worse than nuclear winter.”

The secret is revealed?

The Yamal failure has excited the public. Numerous “conspiracy theories” have arisen among ordinary people: from UFO antics to supernova weapons tests. Scientists talk about natural causes.

Soil samples near the sinkholes revealed the concentration of methane molecules. Accordingly, the theory is put forward that the holes formed after detonation gas hydrate. Due to permafrost, this composition is in a solid state. However, when heated, methane instantly evaporates, expanding to gigantic volumes and causing an explosion effect. In Yamal in last years“plus” temperature records are recorded, the soil thaws to a significant depth. Frozen “gas bubbles” melt along with it.

1 m 3 of methane hydrate contains 163 m 3 of gas. When the gas begins to be released, the process becomes avalanche-like (the speed of its spread resembles nuclear reaction). An explosion of colossal force occurs, capable of throwing out tons of soil.

Yamal Funnel and Bermuda Triangle

Geologists recently discovered: similar situations characteristic not only of permafrost zones. Gas hydrate accumulates in water at great depths; for example, there is a lot of it at the bottom of Lake Baikal. Possibly tragic disappearances of ships and aircraft in the zone Bermuda Triangle associated with methane. Presumably on seabed There are extensive accumulations of hydrate in this area. Only here the gas is not frozen, but compressed under enormous pressure.

When the Earth's crust moves and earthquakes, large volumes of methane are released, rushing to the surface. The water changes its properties, fills with tiny bubbles, like champagne, and loses density. As a result, the ships are no longer supported and they sink. When methane enters the atmosphere, it also changes its properties, disrupting the operation of aircraft.

Today's day

The Yamal black hole is no longer such. Over the years, it has filled with melt water and gradually merges with the nearby lake. The process was accompanied by active thawing and destruction of the banks.

More curious are the testimonies of several eyewitnesses who described the process of formation of the crater in 2016. A new Yamal failure appeared on July 5, west of the village of Seyakha and resembled the eruption of a giant geyser. The powerful release of steam lasted for about 4 hours, and the formed cloud visually rose to a height of five kilometers.

Employees of the St. Petersburg Hydrological Institute previously explored this area. It is famous for its very deep "crater" lakes, reminiscent of the famous Yamal hole. The depth of one of the record holders is 71 m. Moreover, old-timers recall that similar emissions happened before and were even accompanied by fiery flashes.

Disappointing conclusions

Impressive deposits of methane hydrate are scattered throughout the planet. Climate warming could trigger an explosive chain reaction global scale. Billions of tons of methane in this case will change the structure of the atmosphere and lead to mass extinction all living things. Therefore, the Yamal black hole is important object for research.

Record temperatures in 2015-2016 provoked the formation of new, smaller craters. They are all located in the same climatic zone. This means that the rapid thawing of permafrost is the root cause of their occurrence.

Alternative opinion

Not everyone supports the scientists' harmonious theory. First of all, critics note the unnaturally smooth edges of the crater, which should have become covered with cracks due to a powerful methane emission. They are also surprised by the small volume of rock ejected by the explosion.

Perhaps the Yamal crater is the result of the Larmore effect, i.e. the impact solar wind in the polar regions earth's surface. The flow of charged particles, meeting the landscape, melts the ice, forming ring structures of ideal shape. If in the path of currents induced cosmic particles, gas or hydrate accumulated in cracks is encountered and is squeezed out onto the edges of the Larmor. Scientists who study failure have not ruled out this theory.

However, to doubt natural origin there is no phenomenon. The peninsula is literally dotted with small saucer lakes of considerable depth. It is obvious that they were formed similarly to the Yamal failure. According to research, similar processes occurred 8,000 years ago and intensified again due to climate change.