We all once went to school, but the term Federal State Educational Standard, which is most directly related to the modern boarding school, is not familiar to everyone.
What is GEF?
The abbreviation FSES means Federal State Education Standard. The Federal State Educational Standard is a set of requirements for the activities of institutions of general and vocational education. The Federal State Educational Standard has the force of law and must be observed by all educational institutions without exception.
Why do we need an education standard?
Not all countries, even developed countries, have uniform standards of education. In the West, for a long time, parents themselves decided the question of which educational institution to send their child to (and different schools had different programs). And at school, children decided for themselves which subjects they wanted to study and which they should not. Perhaps this was the reason for the low erudition of graduates of Western schools.
Educational standards also ensure continuity between levels of education. Having completed one level, the graduate must be prepared to enter another.
- The Federal State Educational Standard of General Education for pupils with disabilities is a set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of an adapted basic educational program of general education for students with mental retardation by educational organizations that have state accreditation.
The standard includes requirements for:
The structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by participants in educational relations) and their volume;
Conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistics and other conditions;
Results of mastering basic educational programs
Features of the modern Federal State Educational Standard in Russia
The modern Federal State Educational Standard is called the second generation standard. It began to be developed in 2009. What is the essence of the Federal State Educational Standard? Compared to the first generation standards, the new standard has many radical changes. The old standards set only requirements for the minimum knowledge and skills that students must learn in school, and requirements for the maximum academic load.
The second generation Federal State Educational Standard consists of three parts:
- Requirements for the results of mastering the educational program. Moreover, the emphasis here is not on the sum of knowledge and skills, but on the acquisition of so-called universal learning skills, that is, the ability to independently obtain the necessary information, using modern technologies and interacting with other people. The standard also formulates the expected learning outcomes in specific educational areas and describes the qualities that should be developed in graduates (love of the Motherland, respect for the law, tolerance, desire for a healthy lifestyle, etc.).
- Much attention is paid to extracurricular activities in the form of clubs, studios, Olympiads, etc.
- Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the educational program. The requirements for the financing of education, the professional level and competence of teaching staff, as well as the material and technical base of the boarding school are specified.
What caused the need for the changes that we will all have to experience in the near future, what is their purpose? What will be different at a boarding school after the Federal State Educational Standard is introduced?
Our country has adopted the State Development Strategy until 2020, the main goal of which is to ensure a new quality of life for all residents of Russia. The demands of society, the problems facing the state in implementing the 2020 strategy, set new goals for education: education, social and pedagogical support for the formation and development of a highly moral, responsible, creative, proactive, competent citizen of Russia. A distinctive feature of the new standard is its activity-based nature, with the main goal being the development of the student’s personality.
The Federal State Educational Standard of the NOU puts forward three groups of requirements:
- Requirements for the results of mastering the basic educational program of primary general education;
- Requirements for the structure of the basic educational program of primary general education;
- Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the basic educational program of primary general education.
Consequently, the educational programs in the new school will be different, the conditions in which children will study, as well as other results of mastering the educational program are expected from students. Each boarding school that has state accreditation writes its own Basic Educational Program. The boarding school, being an institution with in-depth study of individual subjects, will draw up a program that determines the content and organization of the educational process and is aimed at the formation of a general culture, spiritual, moral, social, personal and intellectual development of students, creating the basis for the independent implementation of educational activities that ensure social success, development of creative abilities, self-development and self-improvement, preservation and strengthening of students’ health.
The education system abandons the traditional presentation of learning outcomes in the form of knowledge, skills and abilities. Requirements for learning outcomes are formulated in the form of personal and subject results. The new language of the standard specifies the actual activities that a student should be able to master by the end of primary education.
The standard assumes the implementation of both classroom and extracurricular activities in an educational institution. Extracurricular activities are organized in the areas of personal development (sports and recreational, spiritual and moral, social, general intellectual, general cultural). The content of classes should be formed taking into account the wishes of students and their parents (legal representatives). Extracurricular activities may include: excursions, clubs, sections, round tables, conferences, debates, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, search and scientific research, etc. The content of extracurricular activities must be reflected in the main educational program of the educational institution. The time allocated for extracurricular activities is not included in the maximum permissible load of students. The alternation of classroom and extracurricular activities is determined by the educational institution and agreed with the parents of students.
Natalia Shesterikova
Distinctive features of Federal State Educational Standards and FGT
Distinctive features Federal state requirements for preschool education from the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.
Most recently, we studied and implemented the Federal state requirements for the general educational program of preschool educational institutions, and now we have to study and use the Federal state educational standard for preschool education in our practical activities. And, of course, between these documents there remain general requirements, and new ones appear. Let's consider what is the difference between FGT OOP DO and GEF DO.
Firstly, FGT consists of two parts: requirements for the structure of the main educational program of preschool education and requirements for the conditions for its implementation. Federal State Educational Standard differs from FGT in that that it also presents requirements for the results of mastering basic educational programs.
The FGT identifies a mandatory section of the program of any preschool educational institution “Planned results of children mastering the basic general education program of preschool education.
Secondly, distinctive features of FGT from Federal State Educational Standards are visible in the requirements for the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education. The basis of the content of preschool education in conditions of its variability according to FGT are 4 directions: cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic, physical (10 educational areas).IN Federal State Educational Standard The content of the preschool education program should cover the following educational region: communicative and personal development, cognitive, speech development, artistic, aesthetic and physical development.
From the above it follows that Federal State Educational Standard aimed at establishing public relations (communication, and FGT at the public itself (socialization).
The ratio of parts of the program has been changed. The volume of the mandatory part of the FGT Program must be at least 80% of the total volume, and the part formed by participants in the educational process should be no more than 20% of the total volume of the Program. While the scope of the mandatory part of the Program is Federal State Educational Standard – 60%, and the part formed by participants in the educational process is 40%.
FGT, one might say, are moving into the main part of the educational program.
It can be concluded that the Program Federal State Educational Standard is more oriented towards difference from FGT,on the specifics of national, sociocultural, economic, climatic conditions in which the educational process is carried out; support for the interests of the teaching staff of the Organization; on the established traditions of the Organization (groups).
3. The structure of the main educational program in Federal State Educational Standard. It includes three main section:1. target 2. content 3. organizational. Each section reflects the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in the educational process. An additional section has been introduced “Program Presentation”.By FGT:required Part: Explanatory note, mode of stay of children, content by region, results of mastering the EP, monitoring system. The part formed by the participants in the educational process.
Fourthly, the FGT defines specific characteristics and qualities of a person (integrative qualities desirable for the ideal social portrait of a preschool child. They are the object of monitoring. The results of the main General Education program and the quality of activities are assessed. Current (intermediate) results of mastering the program and final ones.
IN Federal State Educational Standard the expected results are presented in the form of targets (socio-normative age characteristics of the child’s possible achievements at the stage of completing preschool education):
Initiative
Independence
Self confidence
Imagination
Physical development
Willpower
Curiosity
Child's interest.
Targets are not subject to assessment, including in the form of pedagogical diagnostics (monitoring), and are not the basis for their formal comparison with the actual achievements of children. Mastering the program is not accompanied by intermediate and final diagnostics of students. Federal State Educational Standard involves assessing the individual development of children. This assessment is carried out by a teacher within the framework of pedagogical diagnostics.
Pedagogical diagnostics are carried out during observations of children’s activity in spontaneous and specially organized activities. Toolkit for pedagogical diagnostics - observation cards of child development, which allow recording the individual dynamics and development prospects of each child in progress:
Communication with peers and adults
Gaming activities
Cognitive activity
Project activities
Artistic activity
Physical development
The program in accordance with FGT is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, personal qualities, and the formation of prerequisites for educational activities. Program according to Federal State Educational Standard is aimed at creating conditions for the social situation of the development of preschool children, opening up opportunities for the positive socialization of the child, his comprehensive personal moral and cognitive development, the development of initiative and creative abilities, cooperation with adults and peers in the zone of proximal development.
In recent weeks, the new educational standard of the Russian school has been vigorously discussed in society. Sometimes very harsh judgments are heard on the Internet, the media, radio and television, from rational criticism to loud statements about the impending collapse of domestic secondary education. For clarification about the Federal State Educational Standard, the Maternity.ru portal turned to the developers of the standard. Lyubov Nikolaevna Fedenko, candidate of pedagogical sciences, honored teacher of the Russian Federation, deputy director of ISIO RAO for standardization of general education, agreed to answer our questions.
Question: What is the Federal State Educational Standard, and how will it affect children’s education?
Answer: In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (as amended by Federal Law dated December 1, 2007 N 309-FZ; Article 7) Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) are a set of requirements mandatory for the implementation of educational programs by all schools that have state accreditation.
The first difference between the Federal State Educational Standard and its predecessors– reliance on the results of identifying the needs of the individual, family, society and state for the results of general education.
The second fundamental difference of the Federal State Educational Standard is their focus on achieving not only subject-specific educational results, but, above all, on the formation of students’ personality, their mastery of universal methods of educational activity, ensuring success in cognitive activity at all stages of further education.
The third fundamental difference between the new standards from previous versions - this is a difference in structure.
The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education is a fundamentally new document for the national school, the purpose and functions of which are unprecedented in its history. Compared to the first generation standards, its subject and scope have expanded significantly and began to cover areas of educational practice that, at the same time, had never been standardized before from a single systemic standpoint. The Federal State Educational Standard actually determines the entire structure of school life and is the constitution of general education.
The Federal State Educational Standard focuses education on achieving a new quality that is adequate to the modern (and even predicted) needs of the individual, society and the state.
The introduction of the second generation standard will greatly change a child’s school life. We are talking about new forms of organizing education, new educational technologies, a new open information and educational environment that goes far beyond the boundaries of the school. That is why the standard, for example, introduced a program for the formation of universal educational activities, and exemplary programs are focused on the development of independent educational activities of the student (such types of educational and extracurricular (extracurricular) activities as educational design, modeling, research activities, role-playing games, etc. )
The Federal State Educational Standard is a guideline for the development of programs for individual academic subjects and courses. The main educational program includes a curriculum that determines the total volume of workload and the maximum volume of classroom workload for students, the composition and structure of compulsory subject areas, as well as the programs of individual academic subjects and courses.
- Are there three Federal State Educational Standards in total?
Currently, two standards have been approved and put into effect by orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation - the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education (grades 1-4) and the Federal State Educational Standard for basic general education (grades 5-9). The draft Federal State Educational Standard for secondary (complete) general education (grades 10-11) is under consideration and will be approved in the near future.
- Where did the Federal State Educational Standards test take place, and for how long?
Education standards were developed in stages, starting in 2006. At the same time, they were tested in regional schools. The results of all developments and testing were repeatedly discussed in the professional community at seminars, meetings, conferences with the participation of representatives of regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow region, Yaroslavl region, Leningrad region, Kaliningrad region, Dagestan, Rostov region, Tatarstan, Orenburg region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Chelyabinsk Region, Novosibirsk Region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Stavropol Territory, Omsk Region), at meetings with parents of students and the public.
All documents are constantly discussed on the specialized Internet site “New Standards of General Education: Towards a Social Contract” http://standart.edu.ru, the website of the Institute for Strategic Studies in Education http://fgos.isiorao.ru/.
- Have any adjustments been made to the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education based on the results of testing? What character?
All constructive comments expressed by teaching staff during the discussions were taken into account by the developers.
- When developing standards, did the developers take into account the experience of other countries?
Of course, the experience of all countries in which students show high results was carefully analyzed and taken into account when developing the Federal State Educational Standard.
- Will curricula and textbooks be developed by September 1?
All primary education programs have been developed and published, and instrumental and methodological support materials have also been developed and partially published to ensure the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education. Selected documents are posted on the website http://fgos.isiorao.ru. At seminars held at ISIO RAO, seminar participants receive CDs with recordings of lectures and teaching materials. The textbooks presented in the list of the Ministry of Education and Science have been examined and comply with the Federal State Educational Standard.
Let's take a closer look at the Federal State Educational Standards Project for high school, which causes the most controversy. Parents and teachers are concerned about the issue of compulsory subjects and elective subjects. Will such freedom of choice affect the basic literacy of graduates?
The principle of variability in education has been implemented in Russia since 1992, when the current Law “On Education” was adopted. It consists of providing students with the opportunity to choose academic subjects and additional courses in accordance with their interests and aspirations. The curriculum included an invariant part and a variable part. The variable part contained regional and school components (the content of education was determined by the region and school and did not always meet the needs of students and parents). In the new standard, the main educational program also consists of two parts: a mandatory part and a part formed by participants in the educational process. Thus, great rights are granted to all participants in the educational process (primarily parents and students) to influence the content of education. The compulsory part reinforces the study of all “basic” academic subjects. Participants in the educational process can additionally choose to study academic subjects, modules, courses, and engage in extracurricular activities that are not directly related to the subjects being studied. All these classes are included in the main educational program and are paid for by the budget. In high school today, specialized education is implemented; the student can choose subjects for deeper study in accordance with his interests and life prospects. In the proposed draft of the new standard, this approach was further developed. Traditional compulsory subject areas have been defined; in accordance with their interests, the student chooses the level of compulsory study of academic subjects from this area: specialized, basic or integrated. Subjects such as physical education, life safety and Russia in the world are presented at the same level and are required to be studied. In addition, he can choose to study additional courses, modules, disciplines, and extracurricular activities. Funding for all these activities, within the total number of hours determined by the standard (which is more than the current one), is provided by the budget.
Alexander Kondakov, General Director of the Prosveshchenie Publishing House: “In fact, the new standards propose to consider the 9th grade as the completion of basic education. The 10th–11th grades are already preparing the child, taking into account his individual needs. This is a real individualization of the learning process for further socialization, professional activity and vocational education.”
In high school there will be 10 subjects instead of the current 20. All of them are divided into six groups. From each, the student must choose one thing: either an in-depth study of algebra and then take the upper level of Russian literature, choosing “Russian literature,” or take the Russian language, and instead of chemistry, physics and biology, take the general course “natural science.” There are only three lessons that everyone does not choose, but attends: physical education, life safety, and the new discipline “Russia in the World.”
- What if a student is exempt from compulsory physical education lessons?
The Federal State Educational Standard does not regulate educational technologies. Regarding the conduct of physical education lessons, you must contact the school leaders.
- Who will determine the number of hours allocated for studying a particular subject?
The number of hours for studying subjects is determined by the school curriculum included in the main educational program. The basic educational program is developed and approved by the educational institution in accordance with the Federal Law “On Education” independently on the basis of an approximate basic educational program developed at the federal level with the participation of the regions. As part of the approximate basic educational program (they are developed for primary and basic general education), there are 3-4 options for the basic (approximate) curriculum. An educational institution can choose one of the proposed options or develop a curriculum independently.
Currently, a tenth-grader's schedule includes 15-17 academic subjects. The Federal State Educational Standard suggests reducing their number to 10 (3 mandatory and 7 optional from the proposed subject areas). Why did the developers decide to make such a reduction?
The draft Federal State Educational Standard for the senior level has not yet been approved; it is being discussed in the professional community, in the media and at the level of the general public. There is no talk of any reduction in the number of items. The traditional set of subject areas remains mandatory for studying; the student can choose the level of study of the subjects he needs.
How will compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard be monitored? Will the certification of schoolchildren be carried out on the basis of educational programs or a “graduate portrait”?
Monitoring the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard will be carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in education. A new Federal Law “On Education” is being prepared, which will outline control procedures. These are, first of all, licensing procedures, accreditation of educational institutions and certification of graduates, including state certification. The criteria for the certification of graduates are the requirements for the results of mastering basic educational programs, presented in the Federal State Educational Standard, and specifying their planned results. The Federal State Educational Standard and the draft new law provide for monitoring studies that identify trends in the development of education systems and educational institutions.
Article+presentation
Standards 2004 and Federal State Educational Standards of the second generation
Changes in educational content and teaching approaches
(Primary School)
Tsepeleva Evgenia Viktorovna
Primary school teacher MBOU "Secondary School No. 61"
Vladivostok
“If we teach today like this,
as we taught yesterday,
we will steal from the children tomorrow.”
John Dewey
October 6, 2009 A new stage begins in the development of the Russian educational system. The essence of this stage is expressed in the reorientation of the education system towards new approaches to the design and assessment of educational results , which are based on the process of personal development as the goal and meaning of education.
( The Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education was approved by order No. 373 of October 6, 2009 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 22, 2009 No. 15785))
What is the difference between the 2004 standard and the second generation Federal State Educational Standard?
The fundamental difference between the new standards is that the main goal is not a subject, but a personal result. The child’s personality is put at the forefront, and not just a set of information that is required to be studied.
The Federal State Educational Standard is a set of three systems of requirements:
· requirements for the result of mastering the basic educational program of basic general education,
· requirements for the structure of basic educational programs (how the school organizes its educational activities),
· requirements for the conditions for implementing the standard (personnel, finance, material and technical base, information support, etc.).
1. The 2004 Standard describes in detail the content of education - topics, didactic units. In the new standard a general framework has been set for resolving issues related to the training, education and development of schoolchildren, the requirements for the results of students mastering the basic educational program of basic general education are clearly outlined:
· personal
· meta-subject
· substantive
The main result of education is mastery of a set of universal learning activities that allow you to set and solve the most important life and professional tasks. Universal learning activities- the subject’s ability for self-development and self-improvement through the conscious and active appropriation of new social experience
UUD- a set of methods of action for a student (as well as related skills of educational work), ensuring independent assimilation of new knowledge, the formation of skills, including the organization of this process
First of all, the new educational standard was developed depending on the tasks that students and graduates will face in adulthood.
2.
The 2004 standard was based on the selection of new educational content; there was not a word about education.
New standard aimed at reviving educational work.
The new standards contain clearly formulated state and public guidelines for the development of the education system. The main educational goal of the new standards is formation of an active civic position in order to strengthen Russian statehood
. The school should form in its students a sense of civic identity, educate patriots of Russia, form educational motivation, the desire for knowledge, the ability to communicate, a sense of responsibility for their decisions and actions, critical thinking, tolerance and much more.
3.difference standards are the ability to implement it only in interaction with family, media, cultural institutions, religion
, which will allow the development of the student’s emotional, spiritual, moral, intellectual, socialized personality, and will allow the identification of children’s talents in various spheres of life and creativity.
The 2004 standards did not take into account the desires and preferences of the population to receive general education. New standard implies a focus on the desires and needs of students and their parents, and implies avoiding overload of students through a reasonable choice of the necessary subjects, courses and clubs.
I would like to draw attention to the fact that the center of gravity of responsibility for the outcome of education is shifting from the student to the municipality, educational institution and equally to the family.
The Federal State Educational Standard is based on a system-activity approach, which ensures
*formation of readiness for self-development and continuous education;
*design and construction of the social environment for the development of students in the education system;
*active educational and cognitive activity of students;
*building the educational process taking into account the individual age, psychological and physiological characteristics of students
I have been working under the second generation Federal State Educational Standard for the first year. And, of course, I am trying to work in a new way. A new beginning was made at courses on the new PIPCRO standards. Read a lot, see less, but also see (from colleagues at school, others, on the Internet ( V Electronic journal Externship. Russian Federation, social network for teachers, guide to educational institutions, education news,) video tutorials) spurred me to work completely different from the work I have been doing for the last 28 years. But of course, the main thing is self-education and a great desire to help my children, my students, learn. Make process learning ability more accessible, more understandable for them. Help them comprehend and design the sequence of work in the lesson to master the topic from the goal to the final result; distinguish the new from the already known and from this teach to give a name to the lesson; find answers to questions using the textbook and information received in class; pronounce the sequence of actions in the lesson; distinguish a correctly completed task from an incorrect one. And, of course, teach project activities. All this became possible during the implementation of the second generation Federal State Educational Standards . My activities are also changing - the activities of a teacher working according to the Federal State Educational Standard in comparison with my activities according to the first generation standard.
|
Subject of changes |
Traditional teacher activities |
Activities of a teacher working according to the Federal State Educational Standard |
|
Preparing for the lesson |
The teacher uses a rigidly structured lesson outline |
The main thing: I (the teacher) give knowledge and organize actions. The teacher uses a scenario lesson plan, which gives him freedom in choosing forms, methods and techniques of teaching. |
|
When preparing for a lesson, the teacher uses a textbook and methodological recommendations |
When preparing for a lesson, the teacher uses a textbook and methodological recommendations, Internet resources, and an electronic application for the lesson. |
|
|
The main goal of the teacher in the lesson |
Have time to accomplish everything planned |
Organize children's activities:
|
|
Formulating tasks for students (determining children’s activities) |
Formulations: decide, write down, compare, find, write down, complete, etc. |
Formulations: analyze, prove (explain, justify your choice), compare, express in symbols, create a diagram or model, continue, generalize (draw a conclusion), choose a solution or solution method, research, evaluate, change, invent, etc. |
|
Lesson form |
Mainly frontal |
Frontal, in pairs, group individual |
|
Non-standard lessons |
Project activity lesson |
|
|
Interaction with parents of students |
Occurs in the form of lectures, parents are not included in the educational process |
Awareness of parents of students. They have the opportunity to participate in the educational process. Communication between teachers and parents of schoolchildren is carried out using the Internet Keeping electronic diaries is a must. |
|
Educational environment |
Created by the teacher. Exhibitions of student works |
Created by students (children produce educational material, give presentations). Zoning of classrooms, halls |
|
Learning outcomes |
Subject results |
Not only subject results, but also personal, meta-subject results; determination of universal educational actions that are formed in the process of studying a specific topic, the entire training course; |
|
No student portfolio |
Creating a learning portfolio student; teacher's electronic portfolio |
|
|
Primary assessment - teacher assessment |
Focus on student self-esteem, formation of adequate self-esteem |
|
|
Positive grades from students on tests are important |
Taking into account the dynamics of children's learning outcomes relative to themselves. Assessment of intermediate learning outcomes The teacher always remembers that the child (student) should feel successful |
During the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in 1st grade, a monitoring system is being built in a new way.
- Subject-specific universal learning activities form the basis of the study of the subject itself.
- Meta-subject universal actions. Their central component is the formation of students’ ability to work with information (extract it, analyze it, perceive it).
- Personal universal educational actions are emotionality and morality in the study of the subject, the development of tolerance, and a healthy lifestyle.
In addition to the usual subject tests, I now conduct meta-subject diagnostic tests, composed of competency-based tasks that require the student to demonstrate not only cognitive, but also regulatory and communicative actions.
The introduced Federal State Educational Standard is completely new for mass schools. diagnostics of personal results
development. The usual form of written test work is now supplemented by such new forms of monitoring results as: targeted observation (recording the actions and qualities exhibited by the student according to given parameters), student self-assessment according to accepted forms (for example, a sheet with questions on self-reflection of a specific activity), results of educational projects, results of various extracurricular and extracurricular activities, student achievements.
The results of the teacher’s diagnostics are an integral part of the student’s portfolio.
For each student, I filled out an observation card of the process of adaptation of students in my class based on the results:
Initial diagnostics (September), which allows us to determine the initial level of development of students’ organizational, intellectual and communication skills;
According to the method of E.A. Nezhnova:
- intermediate diagnostics (December), which determines the general educational and organizational skills of students;
His psychological portrait;
The result of monitoring will be
Final diagnostics (May), revealing the formation of universal educational actions of students.
Conducted these diagnostics in order to determine the level of readiness of each child for learning at school, his individual characteristics; advised parents; carried out corrective work as necessary.
When analyzing the results of completing tasks, we took into account the relationship between the level of formation of universal learning activities (ULA) and the following indicators:
Children's health status;
Academic performance in core subjects;
Level of speech development;
Degree of Russian language proficiency;
The ability to listen and hear the teacher, ask questions;
The desire to accept and solve a learning task;
Communication skills with peers;
The ability to control your actions in the classroom.
When implementing the second generation Federal State Educational Standards, I use a markless methodology in my work (without a mark - showing the result of the ZAR and ZBR)
Systematic assessment of personal, meta-subject and subject results is implemented within the framework of a cumulative system - a working portfolio.
During the school year, I conducted a study of the level of mastery of universal learning activities (ULA) by students in my class. Particular attention was paid to monitoring learning to read and write, because children entered 1st grade without any reading and writing skills. All results of monitoring mathematical skills, reading and writing skills are accumulated in each student’s educational portfolio. The results of the ZAR and ZBR are communicated to parents and the students themselves; as already mentioned, they are accumulated in the student’s portfolio and in the form of statements from the teacher in a special storage folder.
By the end of the academic year, students must achieve certain personal, subject and meta-subject results. The final comprehensive work will show what universal learning activities students have mastered by the end of the school year. This will also be the result of my teaching work on implementing the Federal State Educational Standard.
The school ensures compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education: requirements for the structure of the educational program, the results of mastering the educational program and the conditions for the implementation of the educational program. The accumulated experience in the integration of basic education and the high level of pedagogical skill allow us to hope for the successful implementation of the federal state educational standard. All this and much more will create conditions for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of the NOO. The new generation standards should record not so much the subject content of teaching as teaching methods. The formation of such relevant cognitive, organizational and communicative competencies directly depends on them.
Documentation:
1. The Federal State Educational Standard for primary general education was approved by order No. 373 of October 6, 2009 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 22, 2009 No. 15785)
2. The Federal State Educational Standard for basic general education was approved by order of December 17, 2010 No. 1897 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 1, 2011 No. 19644)
3. Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary (complete) general education - approved by order No. 413 of May 17, 2012 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 7, 2012, registration No. 24480)
Decoding the Federal State Educational Standard is the topic of today’s material. What it is? How does this abbreviation stand for? This is a federal state educational standard. This document is the basis for programs of general importance, as well as for developing the content of the educational process in each of the subjects.
New requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard
This act is based on the latest education law, which was adopted in 2012. Until the end of the 2000s, such a standard was called GOS. Unlike the old editions regulating the learning process, the Federal State Educational Standard of Russia specifies not only the requirements for the transfer of knowledge, but also the norms according to which education should be carried out.
Thus, we can emphasize the fact that a component has returned to domestic education that was present in the Soviet school, but was minimized during the perestroika years.
This innovation is due to the need to pass on the necessary life attitudes to the younger generation. They, in turn, are needed for the successful existence of a person in modern economic and political conditions.
Types of requirements
The new educational standard establishes the rules for the learning process of three types:
- Contents of programs in certain disciplines.
- Standards for the conditions for carrying out teaching and learning activities.
- Regulation of educational work within the educational process.
Scope of application of the standard
The implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard takes place in all accredited educational institutions. For-profit universities can work on their own programs, guided by the needs of a particular group of the population, and not relying on the recommendations put forward by the standard. However, such universities do not have the right to issue state diplomas to graduates.
The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard guide the creators of educational literature, compilers of general programs, and members of commissions that ensure control over the activities of educational institutions. It is also the basis for medical workers who regularly examine children and check institutions for compliance with certain standards, and so on.
Taking into account this regulatory document, various methodological recommendations are being drawn up for teachers preparing for classes in the Federal State Educational Standard.
Modern lesson
When conducting the educational process according to the Federal State Educational Standard at school, special attention is paid to the main form today in which the transfer of knowledge is carried out - the lesson. This set of regulations clearly defines the duration of the academic hour for each level, variety, as well as the requirements for the educational process that must be carried out within its framework.
The modern lesson is a key concept in the new federal state educational standard. The main differences between this form and the previously existing ones are that now knowledge should be presented to students not in the form of ready-made sets of theoretical and practical information blocks. Instead, children should be offered certain types of activities, during which the student will learn new topics in the subject.
Also, the modern lesson assumes that training and education will not take place with the goal of transferring to him a certain set of knowledge, skills and abilities in a ready-made form, but to develop the personal qualities present in him, as well as to form others necessary for successful self-realization.
Thus, in the educational process an activity approach is carried out, as well as an individual-personal one.
A lesson conducted according to the Federal State Educational Standard at school should include not only communication between students and the teacher, but also collective forms of activity. Children can master the skills of conducting a conversation, scientific argument and evaluate their activity within the lesson, analyze the answers of classmates. The new educational standard adheres to previously approved provisions that were spelled out in previous documents regulating the pedagogical process. Namely, when planning lessons according to the Federal State Educational Standard, it should be taken into account that in modern conditions it is necessary to educate a child on the principle of interaction with a teacher, in which each of the participants in this process is a full-fledged subject.
Specific result
Decoding the Federal State Educational Standard when drawing up educational programs requires that they contain a description of the specific results that a child who has completed a certain course should achieve. These goals are presented not as a set of abstract phrases, as was previously the case, but as a list of skills to carry out certain actions.
Interdisciplinary tasks
The federal state educational standard specifies not only the skills that a student should receive as part of a program in a particular subject, but also information about the universal information and methods of activity that he can use when studying other disciplines, as well as in his life after leaving school. Thus, the implementation of the competent approach approved in the latest edition of the Law “On Education” is carried out, the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in the conditions of modern life with its rapidly occurring scientific and technological progress and frequently changing economic realities.
At the moment, it is important not just to provide information on a particular topic, but to teach a person how to educate himself throughout his life.
Relationship between lessons
When implementing the above principle in Russian language lessons according to the Federal State Educational Standard, students are asked to write an essay in the form of a letter, and they are also told about what features this text should have. This can be continued in a history lesson, when children are asked to study the messages of one political figure of a particular era to another, and so on. In a similar way, mutual continuity of different disciplines can be achieved.
Junior level of education
The Federal State Educational Standard for primary school contains, among others, the following important provisions:
- A lesson in the first year of study should last no more than 35 minutes, and subsequently it reaches the standard 45. Also in the first grade, additional holidays are added - in March.
- The Federal State Educational Standard for primary schools also stipulates the requirement for the presence in the curriculum of classes on mastering computer skills. Today's children must begin typing at the same time they learn to write. This provision of the standard caused both numerous indignations from parents and approval. Typically, classes in primary school using computers receive positive feedback from those mothers and fathers who themselves are forced to deal daily with the need to work with electronic technologies in their professional activities.
- Among other main concepts of the standard, one should highlight such as “educational environment”. This term also includes the technical equipment of educational institutions. According to the requirements present in this document, the school must be equipped with a separate interactive classroom, and each classroom must have one computer. This technology is used not only to administer tests and obtain information electronically, but also to maintain communication between the school and parents. Such interaction is carried out using a resource called dnevnik.ru. It contains information about the progress of each student.
Interaction between parents and teachers
Federal State Educational Standard (the decoding of the abbreviation is presented in this material) contains the idea that education in a modern school is in the nature of a three-way interaction. In addition to the child and the teacher, parents must also be involved in this process.
Therefore, the standard specifies forms of activity that contribute to the creation of the necessary atmosphere of cooperation between school and family. Along with traditional parent-teacher meetings, which can be class or school-wide, moms and dads are invited to individual interviews with teachers, as well as to various events of both an entertaining and informational nature.
Lectures should be held with some regularity for parents who want to increase their level of knowledge about the problems of raising and educating children in modern society. The topics of such classes can be various issues, including “Federal State Educational Standards, deciphering the concept and its content.”
Joint entertaining creative events
Parents have the right to receive the necessary information about educational issues, both general and related to any particular child, in a personal conversation with the teacher. Such meetings are possible both at school and at home.
Teachers need to conduct various games, which should also involve moms and dads. These can be either competitions involving the participation of both sexes, or games where the participants are only girls with their mothers, or boys with their fathers. For example, the “Come on guys!” relay race is widespread, where guys and their dads compete in skills traditional for men, such as hammering nails, strength exercises, and so on.
Experienced teachers recommend doing everything possible to encourage parents' interest in carrying out improvement work. For example, they may be involved in the construction of various structures for a school stadium and so on.
In addition to information about the education and upbringing of children, parents can receive the necessary information regarding life safety, as well as advice from a lawyer who is able to provide all the necessary information regarding the rights and responsibilities of the child, in accordance with current legislation.
Information resources for teachers
Where can I get acquainted with the Federal State Educational Standard (the definition of the abbreviation is familiar to every teacher in the Russian Federation)? This regulatory document, as well as the latest version of legislation on this topic and other texts can be read on the website of the Ministry of Education. Also, many other pedagogical electronic resources and regularly published magazines for teachers, such as Teacher’s Newspaper, and so on, are devoted to this problem.
Wide space for creativity
In the new state standard, there is a provision that the teacher’s activities must be subordinated to a specific plan, where the parts of the lesson are clearly defined, and a strict time frame is allocated for each of them. However, the teacher is also given the right to change the course of the lesson in accordance with various circumstances and the situation that has arisen. Thus, we can say that nowadays a teacher is required not only to have extensive knowledge of his subject, as well as a set of interdisciplinary skills, but also to be able to improvise. On the other hand, this standard involves instilling in children the ability to independently find what they need to expand their knowledge and choose their own educational route within the subjects they study. This means that schoolchildren also get the opportunity to look at the educational process from a creative position.
This article examined the most important provisions of the state educational standard. This information may be useful to teachers. In addition, some information will undoubtedly be of interest to parents of schoolchildren.