Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina
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Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina(November 8 - March 23) - squadron commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard Major, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944).

Biography

Born November 8 ( 19171108 ) years in the village of Parfenovo of the Russian Empire, now Spas-Demensky district of the Kaluga region, in a peasant family. Russian .

She graduated from an aviation technical school and an aviation school in the city of Balashov. She worked as a pilot in the aviation detachment of the Civil Air Fleet of the city of Smolensk.

“Dina Nikulina lived in Rostov all the time, doing administrative work. And recently, our fearless pilot died at the hands of a bandit, a “modern fascist,” as P. Gelman writes. He came to the heroine’s house, introduced himself as a friend of a front-line comrade, attacked the hostess, beat her and her three-year-old granddaughter, took away military awards and disappeared. Soon Dina died..." (see Rakobolskaya I., Kravtsova N. "We were called night witches. This is how the women's 46th Guards Regiment of Night Bombers fought." 2nd edition, supplemented. - M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 2005, p. 149.)

Awards and titles

• By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders of the guard, Major Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 4741).
• She was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, as well as medals.
• Honorary citizen of the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Memory

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Nikulina's grave at the Northern Cemetery of Rostov-on-Don.

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Literature

• Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna // Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - P. 170. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
• Rakobolskaya I.V., Kravtsova N.F. - “We were called night witches.” M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 2005. - 336 p.
• Lukyanov B.// Heroines: essays about women - Heroes of the Soviet Union / ed.-comp. L. F. Toropov; preface E. Kononenko. - Vol. 2. - M.: Politizdat, 1969. - 463 p.

Notes

Links

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An excerpt characterizing Nikulin, Evdokia Andreevna

– You can show the most valuable Book of Knowledge in the world a thousand times, but it will do nothing if a person does not know how to read. Isn't it true, Isidora?..
“But you TEACH your students!..” I exclaimed with anguish. “They didn’t know everything right away either, before they came to you!” So teach humanity!!! It's worth it not to disappear!..
– Yes, Isidora, we teach our students. But the gifted ones who come to us know the main thing - they know how to THINK... And the rest are still just “followers”. And we have neither time nor desire for them until their time comes, and they turn out to be worthy of one of us teaching them.
Sever was absolutely sure that he was right, and I knew that no arguments could convince him. Therefore, I decided not to insist any longer...
– Tell me, Sever, what of the life of Jesus is real? Can you tell me how he lived? And how could it happen that with such a powerful and faithful support he still lost?.. What happened to his children and Magdalene? How long after his death did she manage to live?
He smiled his wonderful smile...
– You reminded me now of the young Magdalene... She was the most curious of all and endlessly asked questions to which even our wise men did not always find answers!..
The North again “went away” into its sad memory, again meeting there with those for whom it still so deeply and sincerely missed.
– She was truly an amazing woman, Isidora! Never giving up and not feeling sorry for herself, just like you... She was ready at any moment to give herself up for those she loved. For those whom I considered more worthy. And simply - for LIFE... Fate did not spare her, heaping the weight of irreparable losses on her fragile shoulders, but until her last moment she fought fiercely for her friends, for her children, and for everyone who remained to live on earth after death Radomir... People called her the Apostle of all Apostles. And she truly was him... Only not in the sense in which the inherently alien Jewish language shows her in her “sacred writings”. Magdalene was the strongest Sorceress... Golden Mary, as people who met her at least once called her. She carried with her the pure light of Love and Knowledge, and was completely saturated with it, giving everything without a trace and not sparing herself. Her friends loved her very much and, without hesitation, were ready to give their lives for her!.. For her and for the teaching that she continued to carry after the death of her beloved husband, Jesus Radomir.
– Forgive my meager knowledge, Sever, but why do you always call Christ Radomir?..
– It’s very simple, Isidora, his father and mother once named him Radomir, and it was his real, Family name, which truly reflected his true essence. This name had a double meaning - the Joy of the world (Rado - peace) and the Bringer of the Light of Knowledge to the world, the Light of Ra (Ra - do - peace). And the Thinking Dark Ones called him Jesus Christ when they completely changed the story of his life. And as you can see, it has firmly “taken root” to him for centuries. The Jews always had many Jesuses. This is the most common and very common Jewish name. Although, funny as it may be, it came to them from Greece... Well, Christ (Christos) is not a name at all, and in Greek it means “messiah” or “enlightened one”... The only question is, if in The Bible says that Christ is a Christian, then how can we explain these pagan Greek names that the Thinking Dark Ones themselves gave him?.. Isn’t it interesting? And this is only the smallest of those many mistakes, Isidora, which a person does not want (or cannot!..) see.
- But how can he see them if he blindly believes in what is presented to him?.. We must show this to people! They must know all this, North! – I couldn’t stand it again.
“We don’t owe people anything, Isidora...” Sever answered sharply. “They are quite happy with what they believe in.” And they don't want to change anything. Do you want me to continue?
He again tightly fenced himself off from me with a wall of “iron” confidence in his rightness, and I had no choice but to nod in response, not hiding the tears of disappointment that appeared... It was pointless to even try to prove anything - he lived in his own “ the right" world, without being distracted by minor "earthly problems"...

– After the cruel death of Radomir, Magdalena decided to return to where her real Home was, where once upon a time she was born. Probably, we all have a craving for our “roots”, especially when for one reason or another it becomes bad... So she, killed by her deep grief, wounded and lonely, decided to finally return HOME... This place was in mysterious Occitania (today's France, Languedoc) and it was called the Valley of the Magicians (or also the Valley of the Gods), famous for its harsh, mystical majesty and beauty. And there was no person who, having once been there, would not love the Valley of the Magicians for the rest of his life...
“I’m sorry, Sever, for interrupting you, but the name Magdalene... didn’t it come from the Valley of the Magicians?..,” I exclaimed, unable to resist the discovery that shocked me.
– You’re absolutely right, Isidora. – North smiled. - You see - you think!.. The real Magdalene was born about five hundred years ago in the Occitan Valley of the Magicians, and therefore they called her Mary - the Magician of the Valley (Mage-Valley).
– What kind of valley is this – the Valley of the Magicians, the North?.. And why have I never heard of such a thing? My father never mentioned such a name, and none of my teachers spoke about it?
– Oh, this is a very ancient and very powerful place, Isidora! The land there once gave extraordinary power... It was called the “Land of the Sun”, or “Pure Land”. It was created man-made, many thousands of years ago... And two of those whom people called Gods once lived there. They protected this Pure Land from “black forces”, since it contained the Gates of Interworldliness, which no longer exist today. But once upon a time, a long time ago, this was the place where otherworldly people and otherworldly news came. It was one of the seven “bridges” of the Earth... Destroyed, unfortunately, by a stupid mistake of Man. Later, many centuries later, gifted children began to be born in this valley. And for them, strong but stupid, we created a new “meteora” there... Which we called Raveda (Ra-ved). It was like the younger sister of our Meteora, in which they also taught Knowledge, only much simpler than we taught it, since Raveda was open, without exception, to all gifted ones. The Secret Knowledge was not given there, but only what could help them live with their burden, what could teach them to know and control their amazing Gift. Gradually, various wonderfully gifted people from the farthest ends of the Earth began to flock to Raveda, eager to learn. And because Raveda was open to everyone, sometimes “gray” gifted people also came there, who were also taught Knowledge, hoping that one fine day their lost Light Soul would definitely return to them.

Honored School Teacher of the Russian Federation (1992), Honored Education Worker of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (1996), Veteran of Labor, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences.
Khanty, born May 4, 1936 in the village. Polnovat Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra.
The role and significance of Evdokia Andreevna’s scientific and pedagogical activities is enormous. She is one of the few Khanty researchers who created a scientific school in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
Evdokia Andreevna contributed to the formation of ethnic self-awareness of students, participated in the public life of the district, stood at the origins of the creation of the public organization “Saving Ugra” in 1989 and is now an active Member of the Council of Elders.
In 1991, Nemysova E.A. with the national intelligentsia of the district, she created the Research Institute for the Revival of the Ob-Ugric Peoples of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and was its first director (1991-1998).
She has been working as a leading researcher at the budgetary institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra “Ethnographic Open Air Museum “Torum Maa” since 2010.
Evdokia Andreevna talks about her wartime childhood, and more about her relatives:
“Before the Great Patriotic War, families of four Khanty families lived in the village of Polnovat: the Nemysovs, the Tuplevs, the Syzarovs, and the Tarlins.
Nemysov Vasily Fedorovich had three sons: Peter, Mikhail, Andrey - and one daughter, Ulyana. Daughter Ulyana married Peter Moldanov from Vanzevat.
The eldest son of Vasily Fedorovich Peter with his sons: Ivan, Timofey, Dmitry and two daughters Taisya and Tatyana lived near his father’s house in his hut. The eldest son Ivan married a girl from the Lelkhov family, Marfa Dmitrievna, and they had three children. The middle son Timofey just began to look at beautiful girls. The younger Dmitry was still a young boy.
Vasily Fedorovich's middle son Mikhail and his family, with two sons Grigory and Semyon and daughters Anna and Anastasia, lived in a separate house, quite large for that time.
Before the war, Vasily Fedorovich’s youngest son Andrei lived in his hut with his son Alexei from his first marriage (his wife died) and his young wife Anastasia from the village of Pashtori and two daughters Evdokia and Palageya.
The life of the families of the Nemysov brothers took place in a traditional environment, they were engaged in fishing and hunting, and after collectivization they became collective farmers.
And suddenly terrible news came: WAR had begun! Like all the people of our land, the Soviet country, the Nemysovs were mobilized to the front: Ivan and Timofey - the sons of Peter, Grigory - the son of Mikhail, Andrei Vasilyevich with his son Alexei.
In what places they fought, now no one will say. Andrei, the youngest son of Vasily Fedorovich Nemysov, was already old, fell ill (or was wounded) at the front, was seriously ill, and was demobilized. In the month the leaves appeared (June) 1942, he reached home. He said that at the beginning of the war he and Ivan were in one unit, then Ivan was transferred to another unit, and he received a package. Andrei Vasilyevich asked to give the parcel to him, but they refused.
Perhaps he told me something else, we were kids, of course, we didn’t remember anything, and we tried not to talk loudly about the terrible news.
After a month of illness at home and in the hospital, Andrei Vasilyevich died and was buried in the Khanty family cemetery behind a jay in a high forest mane.
Alexey Andreevich, wounded, was also sent home from the front. In the autumn of the same 1942, before reaching the village of Kondinskoye (now Oktyabrskoye) by boat, he died and was buried there by his colleagues. When the boat reached Polnovat, the men came to Anastasia Ivanovna Nemysova, the widow of Andrei Vasilyevich, and told about this. So Anastasia, having not recovered from mourning after the death of her husband, accepted a new mourning. If before the war there were five people in Andrei Vasilyevich’s family, then within a year my mother and I lost my father, brother and sister Palageya (she died in the summer of 1941) and two were left orphans.
Pyotr Vasilyevich's two sons, Ivan and Timofey, were the first to go to the front in June 1941. Timofey Petrovich went missing at the beginning of the war.
Ivan Petrovich, the eldest son of Pyotr Vasilyevich, was one of the first to be mobilized to the front in June 1941, and served in the Cavalry Army near Leningrad. He died in April 1942 and was buried in the village of Spasskaya, Chudovsky district (Leningrad, 30th km) of the Leningrad (now Vologda) region. From the stories of a fellow countryman from Kazym, who fought with him and returned from the war, the widow Marfa Dmitrievna learned that they were sitting by the fire when they suddenly gave the command “On your horses!” Everyone jumped on their horses, Ivan Petrovich too, at that time a bullet hit his horse, he reared up, Ivan Petrovich fell, and the fellow countryman from the village of Kazyma never saw him again. Marfa Dmitrievna received a notification that he died on April 9, 1942 in the forest on the 3rd (maybe 30th) km near Leningrad in the village of Spasskaya, Chudovsky district.
Marfa Dmitrievna Nemysova (Lelkhova) remembered for the rest of her life how her husband, relatives and fellow countrymen were taken to the front on a huge monster barge coated with black tar. She was left with two young children (son Nikolai was 4 years old, daughter Nina was 1 year old) and pregnant with her third child (a girl was born after Ivan was taken to the war, the girl died before she was a year old).
There remains a photograph sent by Ivan Petrovich, where he is depicted riding a horse with an inscription (in pencil) for the eternal memory of his son Nikolai from Nemysov’s father Ivan P., later (in ink) signed: for the long, eternal memory of Nemysov Peter Vasilyevich from his son Ivan Petrovich. Another inscription appeared when daughter Nina learned to write, she wrote Nemysova Nina and instead of her patronymic she wrote Parovna (probably Petrovna wanted to write, thinking that her patronymic was the same as her father’s).
Mikhail Vasilyevich Nemysov, the middle son of my grandfather Vasily Fedorovich, had four children: Grigory, Anna, Semyon and Anastasia. Mikhail Vasilyevich's wife Olga died early, and her eldest daughter Anna was in charge of raising her brothers and sister. The sweet girl early learned the wisdom of running a traditional household and raising her brothers and sister, the skill of a Khanty woman. In her family with her beloved husband Emmanuel Grishkin, they raised three children: daughter Rufina, sons Sergei and Andrei.
Rufina Emmanuilovna Maslennikova (Grishkina) married Vladimir Maslennikov from Omsk, lived in Polnovata, moved to Omsk and lived there for some time, but still settled permanently in the village. Overweight Their children grew up (three daughters Maria, Svetlana, Alena and son Konstantin) and grandchildren were born.
Grigory Mikhailovich Nemysov is a hereditary fisherman and participant in the Great Patriotic War. He “fought bravely at the front in a separate ski battalion on the Central Front, on the Kursk Bulge, near Orel, crossed the Dnieper, liberated Warsaw, stormed Berlin, completed his campaign on the Elbe,” journalist Grigory Skripunov wrote in the Leninskaya Pravda newspaper. Returning home from the front in 1947, he worked as a salesman in a store in the village of Sumatnely, which was located 10-12 km south of the village of Vanzevat, became a fisherman, worked as a team leader for more than 30 years, his team of 13 fishermen performed five annual jobs in three years normal He was the first to catch spearfish with control nets and recommended that the fishermen of his team switch to smooth fishing with bottom nets. Budarka Grigory Mikhailovich arrives on the sand of Rus-pan, sweeps out the net for the arrival of his fishermen and pounds of nelma lie in the boat box. The best fishermen P.I. worked with him. Syzarov, E.S. and T.V. Pendakhovs, P.I. Yukhlymov. Yes, he is a hereditary fisherman. His grandfather and father and their brothers pulled a heavy net with straps and rowed. A fishing boat named after Frunze was named after Grigory Nemysov. Polnovat Berezovsky (now Beloyarsky) district.
Dear relatives, my Nemysovs, are now only on the obelisks of the participants of the Great Patriotic War: first in Beloyarskoye, now near the Administration building of the village. Overweight - can I bow to you. Your names are written in golden letters on the obelisk near the ancestral Khanty cemetery, which has not survived to this day!
I appeal to the dear heart of the young generation! Dear children and grandchildren! Thanks to the courage of our ancestors, their energy and strength, we continue the line of the Nemysovs, our dear grandfathers and great-grandfathers, who gave their lives for the bright dawn of today in our dear village, guarded by the dark wing of the Raven, the bloody wing of the Raven. Live happily, illuminated by the bright rays of the Sun under the divine Sky, under the gaze of the light of the Moon, protected by the energy of life of your previous generations of relatives.

Website of the teacher of the social shelter for minors "Catharsis" Evdokia Andreevna Ginkul

A child is not a vessel that can be filled with knowledge, but a desire for knowledge and a desire to comprehend new things must be ignited in him.

Profession: Educator

Professional interests: Developing the creative abilities of each child in games, organized activities and in the process of everyday communication.

Hobbies: communication with your family, bringing pleasure to everyone; chat with friends; movie; theater; reading fairy tales and parables;

A country: Russia

Region: Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Locality: Nyagan

Place of work: Budgetary institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug of Ugra Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population "Catharsis"

The most beautiful sight in the world is the sight of a child walking confidently along the path of life after you have shown him the way.”

Confucius.

The teacher is an eternal creator.
He teaches life and love for work.
I am a teacher, mentor, educator,
For which I thank my fate.
Need a lot of affection and care
Hear everyone, understand everyone.
Teacher - difficult job -
Constantly replacing my mother.
The boys will grow up and won’t forget their childhood,
Life has a whole century ahead of it.
And that naughty guy will be kind over the years,
The main thing is that he is a Man!
It doesn't matter who they work for.
For the teacher, they are children forever!
The more people respect them,
The higher the bar for my work!
Some will leave, other children will come,
They will receive affection and comfort here.
I will be appreciated in the 21st century,
The work of the teacher will be appreciated - good work!

About Me

Ginkul Evdokia Andreevna was born on September 21, 1962. Education - higher. Graduated from Izmail State Pedagogical Institute in 1983.

Qualification - primary school teacher with a degree in Pedagogy and Methods of Primary Education.

Teaching experience - 22 years 6 months

Teaching is an amazing profession. I think its advantage is that it gives an opportunity to look into the land of childhood, into the world of a child. And even though “we all come from childhood,” we very quickly forget this magical world, not even understanding our own children. The children's world is much more interesting, limitless and richer than the adult world. I believe that the task of every educator is not to destroy this childhood illusion, but to integrate into it, that is, the educator must speak the same language with children and understand them. And finally, is it possible for many to be loved, respected, a role model, an ideal? This is quite accessible only to kindergarten teachers, everything depends only on us. In my opinion, a teacher is not only a profession, it is a Vocation, which not every person is marked by, this Vocation must be earned, deserved by your work, your talent, your desire constantly change, transform, improve. I am deeply convinced that beauty and kindness will truly save the WORLD!

What does it mean to be a teacher at a social shelter for children?

After 5 years of working in a social shelter, I came to the conclusion: for a child, it doesn’t matter how I treat other children, but what matters is how I treat him. Even during my years of study in pedagogy, I learned the formula: “The main quality of a teacher is to love your children.” But, I admit frankly, I was not immediately able to fall in love with all my students! They are different and evoke different feelings. And then I decided to engage in self-education - to learn to treat all children objectively. I began to see myself from the outside, through the eyes of a child, and ask questions: “Did I act fairly? Have you shown tolerance? I have developed several rules for myself that help me work with children.” Behind every essay is a personality. Creative. Bright personality. And just a person - sincere, loving children, thinking about them, caring. I love my job, I go to work with pleasure every day. There are problems at home, but she entered the family of our shelter, and it’s like being in a whirlpool - you float with the children along the river of goodness, knowledge and joy.

To be a teacher means to be a self-sufficient woman. After all, the main thing in a woman is motherhood. And in the shelter, you surround 15 tomboys with care, affection and attention like a mother, and in return you receive new positivity. When you are around children you always feel young, cheerful and energetic. I would like to believe that by putting a piece of my soul into each child, I am making the world a kinder place.

The future of children, and therefore the future of Russia, is in our hands. I'm always interested in working.

Books that shaped my inner world

Books that shaped my inner world: books about the Great Patriotic War do not leave me indifferent, I like to read fairy tales, Russian classics. Constantly, as part of self-education, I read various methodological literature.

My view of the world

The world is neither bad nor good, neither kind nor evil. He is the way each of us feels him. Today we are happy and the world is beautiful, but tomorrow we hate it!

The world is on the move!

My achievements

Fortunately, I remember my childhood quite clearly! From an early age, I played school and kindergarten with my younger brother. At first, our dolls went to kindergarten: we fed them, put them to bed, read books to them, took them for walks and had parties. I remember how on New Year’s Eve we put a small Christmas tree in the middle of the room, decorated all the dolls and bears with tinsel and planted them around the tree, thereby creating a New Year’s round dance. They themselves sang the song “A Christmas Tree Was Born in the Forest,” read poetry, brought a bear or doll to the tree, and danced. This whole event ended with the presentation of gifts to each toy from Santa Claus. The gifts were small trinkets that we collected in a bag. So day after day we “educated” our toys and when they “grew up”, we transferred them to school.

Time passed and the games came to life. After school, I chose the profession of teacher. Could it have been different? Now that more than 20 years have passed since the start of my teaching career, I can firmly answer: “no.”

Childhood is the happiest time in every person’s life. Many say with sadness: “Childhood is gone forever. It cannot be returned!” But not for me!!! My profession gives me the opportunity to stay in the land of Childhood forever!

I remember the first time kids came to my group, 20 people! The first thing I experienced was shock! One screams, another runs, the third will not share the toy with the fourth, the fifth is thirsty, and this can continue ad infinitum. To be honest, I thought that I couldn’t withstand such pressure and would just run away! But at that moment I needed to somehow correct the situation and I decided that it was necessary to turn the reality around me into a fascinating world. I took a screen and dolls and began to show the fairy tale. The first reaction of my kids was silence, then I heard ringing laughter, clapping hands and saw happy, mischievous, sparkling eyes! It was on that day, at that moment, that I realized that I would NEVER leave this world! Subsequently, every day I learned with my kids to laugh, think, feel, dream and learn.

My portfolio

“Love children and do your job better than yesterday, and tomorrow better than today,” - this is my life credo.

The most important thing on the pedagogical path, in my opinion, is faith in yourself, in your capabilities, faith in your great destiny. Only those who do nothing make no mistakes. You just need to learn to perceive your mistakes as experience. A teacher’s portfolio is of great importance in this regard. We must understand that the strategy for successful behavior of a teacher sets the direction for effective development, coordinates the efforts of the teacher in achieving successful activities, promotes career growth, productive business communication and, finally, a sense of satisfaction with the process and result of one’s own professional activity.

, Russia

Affiliation

USSR USSR

Type of army Rankmajor

: Incorrect or missing image

Part Battles/wars Awards and prizes

Evdokia Andreevna Nikulina(November 8 - March 23) - squadron commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard Major, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944).

Biography

Born November 8 ( 19171108 ) years in the village of Parfenovo of the Russian Empire, now Spas-Demensky district of the Kaluga region, in a peasant family. Russian .

She graduated from an aviation technical school and an aviation school in the city of Balashov. She worked as a pilot in the aviation detachment of the Civil Air Fleet of the city of Smolensk.

“Dina Nikulina lived in Rostov all the time, doing administrative work. And recently, our fearless pilot died at the hands of a bandit, a “modern fascist,” as P. Gelman writes. He came to the heroine’s house, introduced himself as a friend of a front-line comrade, attacked the hostess, beat her and her three-year-old granddaughter, took away military awards and disappeared. Soon Dina died..." (see Rakobolskaya I., Kravtsova N. "We were called night witches. This is how the women's 46th Guards Regiment of Night Bombers fought." 2nd edition, supplemented. - M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 2005, p. 149.)

Awards and titles

• By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders of the guard, Major Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 4741).
• She was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, as well as medals.
• Honorary citizen of the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Memory

Write a review about the article "Nikulina, Evdokia Andreevna"

Literature

• Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna // Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - P. 170. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
• Rakobolskaya I.V., Kravtsova N.F. - “We were called night witches.” M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 2005. - 336 p.
• Lukyanov B.// Heroines: essays about women - Heroes of the Soviet Union / ed.-comp. L. F. Toropov; preface E. Kononenko. - Vol. 2. - M.: Politizdat, 1969. - 463 p.

Notes

Links

. Website "Heroes of the Country".

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An excerpt characterizing Nikulin, Evdokia Andreevna

- What kind of people? - he shouted at the people, scattered and timidly approaching the droshky. - What kind of people? I'm asking you? - repeated the police chief, who did not receive an answer.
“They, your honor,” said the clerk in the frieze overcoat, “they, your highness, at the announcement of the most illustrious count, without sparing their lives, wanted to serve, and not like some kind of riot, as said from the most illustrious count...
“The Count has not left, he is here, and there will be orders about you,” said the police chief. - Let's go! - he said to the coachman. The crowd stopped, crowding around those who had heard what the authorities said, and looking at the droshky driving away.
At that time, the police chief looked around in fear and said something to the coachman, and his horses went faster.
- Cheating, guys! Lead to it yourself! - shouted the voice of a tall guy. - Don't let me go, guys! Let him submit the report! Hold it! - voices shouted, and people ran after the droshky.
The crowd behind the police chief, talking noisily, headed to the Lubyanka.
- Well, the gentlemen and the merchants have left, and that’s why we are lost? Well, we are dogs, or what! – was heard more often in the crowd.

On the evening of September 1, after his meeting with Kutuzov, Count Rastopchin, upset and offended by the fact that he was not invited to the military council, that Kutuzov did not pay any attention to his proposal to take part in the defense of the capital, and surprised by the new look that opened up to him in the camp , in which the question of the calm of the capital and its patriotic mood turned out to be not only secondary, but completely unnecessary and insignificant - upset, offended and surprised by all this, Count Rostopchin returned to Moscow. After dinner, the count, without undressing, lay down on the sofa and at one o'clock was awakened by a courier who brought him a letter from Kutuzov. The letter said that since the troops were retreating to the Ryazan road outside Moscow, would the count like to send police officials to lead the troops through the city. This news was not news to Rostopchin. Not only from yesterday’s meeting with Kutuzov on Poklonnaya Hill, but also from the Battle of Borodino itself, when all the generals who came to Moscow unanimously said that another battle could not be fought, and when, with the count’s permission, every night government property and residents were already removing up to half let's leave - Count Rastopchin knew that Moscow would be abandoned; but nevertheless, this news, communicated in the form of a simple note with an order from Kutuzov and received at night, during his first sleep, surprised and irritated the count.
Subsequently, explaining his activities during this time, Count Rastopchin wrote several times in his notes that he then had two important goals: De maintenir la tranquillite a Moscow et d "en faire partir les habitants. [Keep calm in Moscow and escort out her inhabitants.] If we assume this double goal, every action of Rostopchin turns out to be impeccable. Why were the Moscow shrine, weapons, cartridges, gunpowder, grain supplies not taken out, why were thousands of residents deceived by the fact that Moscow would not be surrendered, and ruined? - For this ", in order to maintain calm in the capital, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. Why were piles of unnecessary papers removed from public places and Leppich's ball and other objects? - In order to leave the city empty, Count Rostopchin's explanation answers. One has only to assume that something threatened national tranquility, and every action becomes justified.
All the horrors of terror were based only on concern for public peace.
What was Count Rastopchin’s fear of public peace in Moscow based on in 1812? What reason was there for supposing there was a tendency towards indignation in the city? Residents left, troops, retreating, filled Moscow. Why should the people rebel as a result of this?
Not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia, upon the entry of the enemy, nothing resembling indignation occurred. On September 1st and 2nd, more than ten thousand people remained in Moscow, and apart from the crowd that had gathered in the courtyard of the commander-in-chief and attracted by him himself, there was nothing. Obviously, it would be even less necessary to expect unrest among the people if after the Battle of Borodino, when the abandonment of Moscow became obvious, or, at least, probably, if then, instead of agitating the people with the distribution of weapons and posters, Rostopchin took measures to the removal of all sacred objects, gunpowder, charges and money, and would directly announce to the people that the city was being abandoned.
Rastopchin, an ardent, sanguine man who always moved in the highest circles of the administration, although with a patriotic feeling, did not have the slightest idea about the people he thought of governing. From the very beginning of the enemy’s entry into Smolensk, Rostopchin envisioned for himself the role of leader of the people’s feelings—the heart of Russia. It not only seemed to him (as it seems to every administrator) that he controlled the external actions of the inhabitants of Moscow, but it seemed to him that he controlled their mood through his proclamations and posters, written in that ironic language that the people in their midst despise and which they do not understands when he hears it from above. Rostopchin liked the beautiful role of the leader of popular feeling so much, he got used to it so much that the need to get out of this role, the need to leave Moscow without any heroic effect, took him by surprise, and he suddenly lost from under his feet the ground on which he stood, he absolutely did not know what should he do? Although he knew, he did not believe with all his soul in leaving Moscow until the last minute and did nothing for this purpose. Residents moved out against his wishes. If public places were removed, it was only at the request of officials, with whom the count reluctantly agreed. He himself was occupied only with the role that he made for himself. As often happens with people gifted with an ardent imagination, he knew for a long time that Moscow would be abandoned, but he knew only by reasoning, but with all his soul he did not believe in it, and was not transported by his imagination to this new situation.

Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna - squadron commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 325th Night Bomber Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Guard Major.

Born on November 8, 1917 in the village of Parfenovo, now Spas-Demensky district, Kaluga region, into a peasant family. Russian. She graduated from an aviation technical school and an aviation school in the city of Balashov. She worked as a pilot in the aviation detachment of the Civil Air Fleet of the city of Smolensk.
In the Red Army since 1941. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1942.

Squadron commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Air Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front) Guard Major Nikulina E.A. by September 1944, it had flown 600 sorties to bomb enemy fortifications, crossings and troops, causing great damage.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders of the Guard, Major Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 4741).

After the war, Guard Major Nikulina E.A. - in reserve, and then retired. In 1948 she graduated from the Rostov party school, and in 1954 from the Pedagogical Institute. She worked in the city party committee.
She was awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, and medals.

In those days, the newspaper "Wings of the Soviets" in its issue of February 28, 1942 reported how boldly and decisively our night bomber crew led by E. Nikulina acted:
“The vehicles are in full readiness. The pilots are looking forward to a combat sortie. A little time has passed, and the signal is given. One after another, the planes smoothly take off from the ground, disappearing into the blue of the night sky.

The first to set off on course was the decorated crew of Lieutenant Nikulina. It flies at the enemy 250 times. Nikulina confidently pilots her plane. This time the order was to destroy the enemy's railway station. This station is of great strategic importance, and the Germans therefore cover it with powerful anti-aircraft artillery fire.
Even from a distance, hearing the noise of engines, enemy machine guns open fire, and searchlights begin to restlessly rummage with their tentacles across the dark sky. But all this cannot stop the fearless patriots moving towards their goal. The station has been discovered. The bombs, accurately dropped by junior lieutenant Rudneva, land as intended. Bright flashes of explosions flashed on the ground, and thick clouds of black smoke covered the target..."

Behind every combat episode there is excellent teamwork, interaction, absolute understanding between the pilot and navigator, plus friendship.
The front-line biography of each of the girls is rich in combat episodes. Each of them is significant in its own way, adding some new touch to characterize both Nikulina and Rudneva.

There were 2 enemy echelons at Krasnaya station. Strong anti-aircraft fire excluded the approach of a night bomber at the most convenient altitude: 600 - 800 meters. It's bad to bomb from a great height. Dina and Zhenya decided to wait for the train to leave the station.
“I see the smoke of the locomotive,” said the navigator. - Gain 600 meters. It’s okay that the smoke is spreading.

One bomb dropped. Past! The train is going very fast.

Head to head. Drop all the remaining ones,” Zhenya heard the commander’s order.

Explosion. Zhenya reacted violently. "Oh, we got it!" - she shouted joyfully. The task is completed, you can return.

The situation required high skill. We sat down in the fog. We flew near Kizlyar, where the Germans had many tanks. Maneuvering between the mountains, Nikulina made flights to our surrounded units, delivering them food and ammunition. If we add that each such flight took place in clouds, it becomes clear how much strength and energy it took from the pilot.

The crew of Dina Nikulina, like other crews of the regiment, helped our landing force, which landed on the Kerch Peninsula, well.

Cloud cover up to 100 meters. Waves under the car itself. The pilot feels their powerful breathing. This time the cargo is not bombs, but food. They are intended for a group of sailors and infantrymen fortified in the village of Eltigen. The storm made it impossible for boats to get through to them to help with food, ammunition, and medicine. Nikulina often put a note in another bag: “Guys! Don’t be discouraged. We will help you.” The newspapers that the girls brought on their own initiative brought great joy to the paratroopers. The journey to Eltigen and back was a tremendous effort. They entered from the strait and went into the strait. A very strong wind was blowing and the cloud cover was low; the Nazis often fired anti-aircraft fire at the planes. The “bombing” itself with bags containing everything necessary for the paratroopers required exceptional precision: the cargo could fall into the water or towards the enemy.

Dina Nikulina recalls that, despite the difficulties, she wanted to fly again and again. The landing commander then came to the regiment and thanked the “sisters,” as the soldiers called the female pilots.

Many combat missions were carried out against Sevastopol. They usually flew by sea so that enemy coastal artillery could not prevent the U-2 from reaching its target. They not only bombed, but also took with them flash bombs, which paralyzed the enemy’s searchlights. And what did it take to escape from the light beam, directing the plane into the sea! It is very difficult to fly over water, because the horizon is not visible. And yet, Dina preferred this maneuver - she approached the target from the sea, turning off the engine. It was in those days that she set a record in the regiment, lifting about 500 kilograms of bomb cargo on a U-2! M. Rudneva, 1943.

On May 15, 1944, the regiment said goodbye to the south, to the sea. How many memories are associated with these places! The combat skills of Nikulina and her friends were forged here; several fellow soldiers died here, including everyone’s favorite Zhenya Rudneva.

Dina walked around her native village, which had been burned and plundered by the enemy. She told the collective farmers about the path she had traveled at the front, about her friends in battle. She spent about 5 hours among her fellow villagers. Everyone saw her off: women, old people, children. The plane made a farewell circle and went west.

Our troops entered Polish territory. On one October night, good news came to the regiment: For the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command, courage, bravery and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Major Nikulina Evdokia Andreevna was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award Order of Lenin and Gold Star medal (No. 4741).

The Soviet Army was advancing. Red Star night bombers appeared over East Prussia. Dina Nikulina flew combat missions to Stettin, Danzig, Gdynia, and the Baltic Sea. Sometimes there were 12 flights a night.

On May 7, 1945, the squadron of the Hero of the Soviet Union of the Guard, Major Evdokia Nikulina, completed its last combat mission. She bombed the airfield and fascist troops at Swinemünde. A few hours later, the Nazis capitulated on this section of the front.

Soon after the war I was in this famous women's regiment. On Nikulina's chest sparkled the "Golden Star" of the Hero, the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree and Alexander Nevsky, military medals "For Military Merit", "For the Defense of the Caucasus" and "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War" Patriotic War of 1941-45."

In addition to its commander E. Nikulina, the squadron received the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 8 more pilots and navigators. This squadron was truly a brave squadron! During the war, its crews flew about 8,000 combat missions.

Dina’s own flight book tells a lot. I leafed through it, wrote down the numbers of the heroine’s battle score and thought how much this cheerful, modest girl, with a kind, wide smile, had done for victory.

Hero of the Soviet Union Evdokia Nikulina made 774 combat sorties during the war, spent 3,650 hours in the air, 1,500 of them at night.

We talked about the combat affairs of the night bombers, about their life at the front. Dina and her friends talked not only about flying, but also about their passion for embroidery. This “disease” has taken hold of literally everyone. We embroidered before and after flights, using every free minute. Some carried with them up to 50 different drawings. One day the commander of the 4th Air Army, General Vershinin, arrived. He was also in Nikulina’s squadron. The general smiled, examining the embroidered pillows.

Well done! - he praised. - It’s immediately obvious that they are women. That's how it should be.

Dina Nikulina could tell the commander how they often didn’t get enough sleep to be clean and tidy. In the most difficult situations, they took care of their appearance. On the birthday of the hero of the occasion, an embroidered item was always given as a gift. We agreed in advance what kind of gift to give. A pillowcase with cornflowers, given to Dina by Zina Petrova, is a dear memory of great friendship, love, and the atmosphere of warmth and cordiality that reigned in the women's air regiment...