The Earth makes a complete revolution around the Sun in 365 days and 6 hours. For convenience, it is generally accepted that there are 365 days in a year. And every four years, when the extra 24 hours “accumulate”, it comes leap year, which has not 365, but 366 days (29 in February).
In September, when after summer holidays you come to school again, autumn is coming. The days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer and cooler. In a month or two, the leaves will fall from the trees, migratory birds will fly away, and the first snowflakes will swirl in the air. In December, when snow covers the ground with a white shroud, winter will come. The most short days per year. Sunrise at this time is late and sunset is early.
In March, when spring comes, the days lengthen, the sun shines brighter, the air becomes warmer, and streams begin to gurgle all around. Nature comes to life again, and soon the long-awaited summer begins.
This is how it has always been and will always be from year to year. Have you ever wondered: why do the seasons change?
Geographical consequences of the Earth's movement
You already know that the Earth has two main movements: it rotates around its axis and orbits around the Sun. Wherein earth's axis inclined to the orbital plane by 66.5°. The movement of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis determine the change of seasons and the length of day and night on our planet.
Twice a year, in spring and autumn, days come when throughout the entire Earth the length of the day is equal to the length of the night - 12 hours. Day spring equinox comes March 21-22, the day of the autumnal equinox is September 22-23. At the equator, day is always equal to night.
The longest day and the longest short night on Earth they occur in the Northern Hemisphere on June 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere on December 22. These are the days of the summer solstice.
After June 22, due to the movement of the Earth in its orbit, in the Northern Hemisphere the height of the Sun above gradually decreases, the days become shorter and the nights become longer. And in the Southern Hemisphere, the Sun rises higher above the horizon and daylight hours increase. The Southern Hemisphere receives more and more solar heat, and the Northern Hemisphere receives less and less.
The shortest day in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on December 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere on June 22. This is the day of the winter solstice.
At the equator the angle of incidence sun rays on the earth's surface and the length of the day change little, so it is almost impossible to notice the change of seasons there.
About some features of the movement of our planet
There are two parallels on Earth in which the Sun at noon on the days of the summer and winter solstice is at its zenith, that is, it stands directly above the observer’s head. Such parallels are called tropics. In the Northern Tropic (23.5° N) the sun is at its zenith on June 22, in the Southern Tropic (23.5° S) - on December 22.
The parallels located at 66.5° north and south latitude are called the polar circles. They are considered the boundaries of territories where polar days and polar nights are observed. Polar day is a period when the Sun does not fall below the horizon. The closer from Arctic Circle to the pole, the longer the polar day. At the latitude of the Arctic Circle it lasts only one day, and at the pole - 189 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, at the latitude of the Arctic Circle, the polar day begins on June 22, the summer solstice, and in the Southern Hemisphere, on December 22. The duration of the polar night varies from one day (at the latitude of the polar circles) to 176 (at the poles). All this time the Sun does not appear above the horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere, this natural phenomenon begins on December 22, and in the Southern Hemisphere - on June 22.
It is impossible not to note that wonderful period at the beginning of summer, when the evening dawn converges with the morning and twilight and white nights last all night. They are observed in both hemispheres at latitudes exceeding 60 degrees, when the Sun at midnight drops below the horizon by no more than 7°. In (about 60° N) white nights last from June 11 to July 2, and in Arkhangelsk (64° N) - from May 13 to July 30.
Illumination zones
A consequence of the annual movement of the Earth and its daily rotation is the uneven distribution sunlight and heat by earth's surface. Therefore, there are light belts on Earth.
Between the Northern and Southern tropics on both sides of the equator lies tropical zone illumination It occupies 40% of the earth's surface, which accounts for greatest number sunlight. Between the tropics and the polar circles in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres there are temperate zones illumination, receiving less sunlight than the tropical zone. From the Arctic Circle to the Pole, there are polar zones in each hemisphere. This part of the earth's surface receives the least amount of sunlight. Unlike other light zones, only here there are polar days and nights.
The Earth makes a complete revolution around its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes. 4 s. Angular velocity of all points on its surface is the same and amounts to 15 degrees / h. Linear speed them depends on the distance that the points must travel during the period of their daily rotation. Points on the equator line rotate at the highest speed (464 m/s). The points that coincide with the Northern and South Poles, remain practically motionless. Thus, the linear speed of points lying on the same meridian decreases from the equator to the poles. It is the unequal linear speed of points on different parallels that explains the manifestation of the deflecting action of the Earth’s rotation (the so-called Coriolis force) to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the direction of their movement. The deflecting effect especially affects the direction of air masses and sea currents.
The Coriolis force acts only on moving bodies; it is proportional to their mass and speed of movement and depends on the latitude at which the point is located. The greater the angular velocity, the greater the Coriolis force. The deflecting force of the Earth's rotation increases with latitude. its value can be calculated using the formula
Where m- weight; v- speed of a moving body; w- angular velocity of the Earth's rotation; j- latitude of this point.
The rotation of the Earth causes a rapid cycle of day and night. Daily rotation creates a special rhythm in the development of physical-geographical processes and nature in general. One of the important consequences of the daily rotation of the Earth around its axis is the ebb and flow of tides - a phenomenon periodic oscillation ocean level, which is caused by the gravitational forces of the Sun and Moon. Most of these forces are monthly, and therefore they determine the main features of tidal phenomena. Influx phenomena also occur in earth's crust, but here they do not exceed 30-40 cm, while in the oceans in some cases they reach 13 m (Penzhina Bay) and even 18 m (Bay of Fundy). The height of the water projections on the surface of the oceans is about 20 cm, and they circle the oceans twice a day. Extreme position the water level at the end of the inflow is called high water, at the end of the outflow - low water; the difference between these levels is called the magnitude of the tide.
The mechanism of tidal phenomena is quite complex. Their main essence is that the Earth and the Moon are the only system in a rotational motion around general center gravity, which lies inside the Earth at a distance of approximately 4800 km from its center (Fig. 10). Like all flesh, the rotating Earth-Moon system is affected by two forces: gravity and centrifugal. The ratio of these forces to different sides The earth is not the same. On the side of the Earth facing the Moon, the gravitational forces of the Moon are larger than the centrifugal forces of the system, and their resultant is directed towards the Moon. On the side of the Earth opposite the Moon, the centrifugal forces of the system are larger than the gravitational force of the Moon, and their resultant is directed away from it. These resultants are tidal forces; they cause water to rise by opposite sides Earth.
Rice. 10.
Due to what the Earth does daily rotation in the field of these forces, and the Moon moves around it, the inflow waves try to move in accordance with the position of the Moon, therefore, in each region of the ocean for 24 hours 50 minutes. The tide comes in twice and the tide goes out twice. Daily delay of 50 minutes. due to the advancing movement of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth.
The sun also causes tides on Earth, although they are three times lower in height. They are superimposed on the lunar tides, changing their characteristics.
Despite the fact that the Sun, Earth and Moon are almost in the same plane, they continuously change their mutual arrangement in orbits, therefore their inflow influence changes accordingly. Twice during the monthly cycle - on a new (young) month and a full moon - the Earth, Moon and Sun are on the same line. At this time, the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun coincide and unusually high, so-called white tides, occur. In the first and third quarters of the Moon, when the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon are directed at right angles to each other, they have opposite influences and heights lunar tides turns out to be less by about one third. These tides are called quadrature.
The problem of using the colossal energy of ebbs and flows has long attracted the attention of mankind, but its solution began with the construction of tidal power plants (TPPs) only now. The first tidal power plant came into operation in France in 1960. In Russia, in 1968, the Kislogubskaya tidal power station was built on the shore of the Kola Bay. Near White Sea, as well as in the Far Eastern seas of Kamchatka, it is planned to build several more TPPs.
The influent waves gradually slow down the speed of the Earth's rotation because they are moving in the opposite direction. Therefore, the earth's day becomes longer. It is calculated that due to water inflows alone, every 40 thousand years the day increases by 1 s. A billion years ago, a day on Earth was only 17 hours long. In a billion years, a day will last 31 hours. And in a few billion years, the Earth will always have one side facing the Moon, just as the Moon is facing the Earth now.
Some scientists believe that the interaction of the Earth with the Moon is one of the main reasons for the initial heating of our planet. The influent friction causes the Moon to move away from the Earth at a speed of about 3 cm/year. This value strongly depends on the distance between the two bodies, which is currently 60.3 Earth radii.
If we assume that at first the Earth and the Moon were much closer, then, on the one hand, the tidal force should be greater. Tidal wave creates internal friction in the body of the planet, which is accompanied by the release of heat,
The Earth's rotation around its axis is associated with its strength, which depends on the angular speed of the planet's daily rotation. Rotation generates centrifugal force, directly proportional to the square of the angular velocity. Now the centrifugal force at the equator, where it is greatest, is only 1/289 of the force gravity. On average, the Earth has a 15-fold safety margin. The Sun is 200 times, and Saturn is only 1.5 times due to its rapid rotation around its axis. Its rings were formed possibly due to the planet's faster rotation in the past. It was hypothesized that the Moon was formed as a result of a separation in the region Pacific Ocean part of the Earth's mass due to its rapid rotation. However, after studying samples of lunar rocks, this hypothesis was rejected, but the fact that the shape of the Earth changes depending on the speed of its rotation does not raise any doubt among experts.
The daily rotation of the Earth is associated with such concepts as sidereal, solar, zone and local time, date line, etc. Time is the basic unit for determining the time during which apparent rotation occurs celestial sphere counterclock-wise. Having noticed the starting point in the sky, the angle of rotation is calculated from it, from which the elapsed time is calculated. Finest hour counted from the moment of the upper culmination of the vernal equinox point, at which the ecliptic intersects the equator. It is used when astronomical observations. Solar time (present, or true, average) is counted from the moment of the lower culmination of the center of the Sun's disk on the observer's meridian. Local time is average solar time at every point on Earth, which depends on the longitude of that point. The further east a point on Earth is, the longer it has local time (every 15° of longitude gives a time difference of 1 hour), and the further west you go, the shorter the time.
The earth's surface is conventionally divided into 24 time zones, in which time is considered equal to the time of the central meridian, that is, the meridian passing through the middle of the zone.
In densely populated regions, the limits of the belts run along the borders of states and administrative districts, sometimes they coincide with natural boundaries: river beds, mountain ranges etc. In the first time zone the time is one hour more time zero belt, or mean solar time of the Greenwich meridian, in the second zone - at 2:00, etc.
Standard time, which divides the planet into 24 time zones, was introduced in many countries around the world in 1884 p. And although its concentration did not eliminate all misunderstandings related to the calculation of time (let us recall at least the recent heated discussions in some regions of Ukraine regarding the introduction on its territory instead of Moscow Kiev time, that is, the time of a second time zone, in which our country, in fact, located), yet the time zone system has become generally accepted on the planet. After all standard time not only differs little from the local one, it is also convenient for use on long-distance travel. In this regard, it would be appropriate to recall one interesting story, which unexpectedly happened to the participants of the first trip around the world upon its completion.
Late 1522 narrow streets in the Spanish city of Seville there was an unusual procession: 18 sailors from F. Magellan’s expedition had just returned to home harbor after a long ocean voyage. The people were extremely exhausted during the almost three-year voyage. For the first time they walked around globe, accomplished a feat. But the winners were not alike. In hands trembling from weakness, they carried burning candles and slowly headed towards the cathedral to atone for the involuntary sin that they committed during the long voyage...
What were the planet's pioneers guilty of? When Victoria approached the Cape Verde Islands on the way back, a boat was sent ashore for food and fresh water. The sailors soon returned to the ship and informed the amazed crew: for some reason on land this day is considered Thursday, although according to the ship's log it is Wednesday. When returning to Seville, they finally realized that they had lost a day in their ship's account! And this means that we have done big sin because everyone celebrated Religious holidays a day earlier than the calendar required. They repented of this in the cathedral.
How did experienced sailors lose a day? It must be said right away that they did not make any mistake in counting the days. The fact is that the globe rotates around its axis from west to east and every other day makes one revolution. The expedition of F. Magellan moved in the opposite direction from east to west and from three years of traveling around the world, she also made a full revolution around the earth's axis, but in the direction opposite direction rotation of the Earth, which means that the travelers made one revolution less than all of humanity on Earth. And they didn’t lose a day, but won it. If the expedition had moved not to the west, but to the east, then the ship’s log would have recorded one day more than all the people. The astronomer of F. Magellan's expedition, Antonio Pigafetta, guessed that in different places the globe at the same moment at different times. And this is how it should be, because the Sun does not rise at the same time for the entire planet. This means that on each meridian there is local time, the beginning of which is counted from the moment when the Sun is low below the horizon, that is, at the so-called lower culmination. However, people in their daily activities do not pay attention to this and focus on the standard time corresponding to the local time of the median meridian of the corresponding time zone.
But dividing the globe into time zones still does not solve all problems, in particular the problem rational use light period. Therefore, on the last Sunday of March in many countries, including Ukraine, the clock hands are moved forward one hour, and at the end of October they are returned to standard time. Go to summer time allows for more economical use of fuel and energy resources. In addition, this gives people the opportunity to work and relax more in natural light, and to use the darkest time of day for sleep.
IN practical distribution Time zones on our planet are specific spaces through which the international date line conventionally passes. This line runs mainly in open ocean along the geographical meridian 180 ° and deviates slightly where it crosses islands or separates various states. This was done to avoid certain calendar inconveniences for the people who inhabit them. When crossing a line from west to east, the date is repeated; when moving in reverse direction one day is excluded from the account. Interestingly, in the Bering Strait between Chukotka and Alaska there are two islands that are separated by the International Date Line: Ratmanov Island, which belongs to Russia, and Kruzenshtern Island, which belongs to SELA. Having covered a distance of several kilometers between the two islands, you can find yourself... in yesterday, if you are sailing from Ratmanov Island, or in tomorrow, when heading in the opposite direction.
Hello dear readers! Today I would like to touch on the topic of the Earth and, and I thought that a post about how the Earth rotates would be useful to you 🙂 After all, day and night, and also the seasons, depend on this. Let's take a closer look at everything.
Our planet rotates around its axis and around the Sun. When it makes one revolution around its axis, one day passes, and when it revolves around the Sun, one year passes. Read more about this below:
Earth's axis.
Earth's axis (Earth's rotation axis) – this is the straight line around which the Earth’s daily rotation occurs; this line passes through the center and intersects the surface of the Earth.
The tilt of the Earth's rotation axis.
The Earth's rotation axis is inclined to the plane at an angle of 66°33´; thanks to this it happens. When the Sun is above the Tropic of the North (23°27´ N), summer begins in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Earth is at its farthest distance from the Sun.
When the Sun rises above the Tropic of South (23°27´ S), summer begins in the Southern Hemisphere.
In the Northern Hemisphere, winter begins at this time. The attraction of the Moon, Sun and other planets does not change the angle of inclination of the earth's axis, but causes it to move along circular cone. This movement is called precession.
The North Pole now points toward the North Star. Over the next 12,000 years, as a result of precession, the Earth's axis will travel approximately halfway and will be directed towards the star Vega.
About 25,800 years old full cycle precession and significantly influences the climate cycle.
Twice a year, when the Sun is directly above the equator, and twice a month, when the Moon is in a similar position, the attraction due to precession decreases to zero and periodic increase and a decrease in the rate of precession.
Such oscillatory movements Earth's axis is known as nutation, which reaches a maximum every 18.6 years. In terms of the significance of its influence on climate, this periodicity ranks second after changes in seasons.
The rotation of the Earth around its axis.
Daily rotation of the Earth - the movement of the Earth counterclockwise, or from west to east, as viewed from the North Pole. The rotation of the Earth determines the length of the day and causes the change between day and night.
The Earth makes one revolution around its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds. During the period of one revolution around the Sun, the Earth approximately makes 365 ¼ revolutions, this is one year or equal to 365 ¼ days.
Every four years, another day is added to the calendar, because for each such revolution, in addition to a whole day, another quarter of a day is spent. The Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down gravitational attraction Moon, and extends the day by approximately 1/1000 s every century.
Judging by geological data, the rate of rotation of the Earth could change, but not by more than 5%.
Around the Sun, the Earth rotates in an elliptical orbit, close to circular, at a speed of about 107,000 km/h in the direction from west to east. The average distance to the Sun is 149,598 thousand km, and the difference between the smallest and the largest long distance 4.8 million km.
Eccentricity (deviation from the circle) earth's orbit changes slightly over a cycle lasting 94 thousand years. It is believed that the formation of a complex climate cycle is facilitated by changes in the distance to the Sun, and the advance and departure of glaciers during ice ages are associated with its individual stages.
Everything is in our vast universe It is very complex and precise. And our Earth is just a point in it, but it is ours native home, which we learned a little more about in the post about how the Earth rotates. See you in new posts about the study of the Earth and the Universe🙂
Earth makes 11 various movements. Of these, they have important geographical significance daily movement e around the axis and annual circulation around the Sun.
In this case they introduce following definitions:aphelion- the most distant point in orbit from the Sun (152 million km), the Earth passes through it on July 5. Perihelion- the closest point in orbit from the Sun (147 million km), the Earth passes through it on January 3. The total length of the orbit is 940 million km. The farther from the Sun, the lower the speed of movement. Therefore, in the northern hemisphere, winter is shorter than summer. The earth rotates around its axis from west to east, making a full revolution every day. The rotation axis is constantly inclined to the orbital plane at an angle of 66.5°.
Diurnal movement.
The Earth moves around its axis from west to east , a full revolution is completed in 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. This time is taken as day. At the same time, the Sun seems to rises in the east and moves west. The diurnal movement has 4 consequences :
- compression at the poles and the spherical shape of the Earth;
- the change of night and day;
- the emergence of the Coriolis force - the deviation of horizontally moving bodies in the Northern Hemisphere to the right, in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left, this affects the direction of movement of air masses, sea currents, etc.;
- the occurrence of ebbs and flows.
Annual revolution of the Earth
Annual circulation Earth is the movement of the Earth in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. The earth's axis is inclined to the orbital plane at an angle of 66.5°. When revolving around the Sun, the direction of the Earth's axis does not change - it remains parallel to itself.
Geographical consequence annual rotation The earth is change of seasons , which is also due to the constant tilt of the earth's axis. If the earth's axis were not tilted, then during the year on Earth day would be equal to night, the equatorial regions would receive the most heat, and it would always be cold at the poles. The seasonal rhythm of nature (change of seasons) is manifested in changes in various meteorological elements - air temperature, its humidity, as well as in changes in the regime of water bodies, the life of plants and animals, etc.
The Earth's orbit has several important points corresponding to days equinoxes And solstices.
22nd of June- the day of the summer solstice, when in the Northern Hemisphere it is the longest day and in the Southern Hemisphere the shortest day of the year. On the Arctic Circle and inside it on this day - polar day , on and within the Antarctic Circle - polar night .
December 22- the day of the winter solstice, in the northern hemisphere - the shortest, in the southern hemisphere - the longest day of the year. Within the Arctic Circle - polar night , Southern Arctic Circle - polar day .
21 March And 23 September- the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes, since the rays of the Sun fall vertically on the equator, on the entire Earth (except for the poles) day is equal to night.
Movement double planet Earth-Moon and tidal friction.
Lighting belts.
DAILY AND ANNUAL ROTATION OF THE EARTH
1. The daily rotation of the Earth and its significance for geographic envelope.
2.The annual rotation of the Earth around the Sun and its geographical significance.
The earth makes 11 different movements, of which the following are of important geographical significance: 1) daily rotation around its axis; 2) annual revolution around the Sun; 3) movement around the common center of gravity of the Earth-Moon system.
The Earth's rotation axis is deviated from the perpendicular to the ecliptic plane by 23 0 26.5'. The angle of inclination is maintained when moving in orbit around the Sun.
The Earth's axial rotation occurs from west to east or counterclockwise when viewed from the North Pole. This direction of movement is inherent in the entire Galaxy.
The time the Earth rotates around its axis can be determined from the Sun and the stars. On sunny days is the time interval between two successive passages of the Sun through the meridian of the observation point. Due to the complexity of the movement of the Sun and Earth, the true solar day varies. Therefore, to determine the average solar time, days are used whose duration is equal to medium length days throughout the year.
Due to the fact that the Earth moves in the same direction in which it rotates around its axis, the solar day is slightly longer than actual time full turn Earth. The actual time of the Earth's revolution determined by the time between two passages of a star through the meridian this place. A sidereal day is equal to 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds. That's what it is real time daily rotation of the Earth.
Angular rotation speed , i.e., the angle through which any point on the Earth’s surface rotates over any period of time is the same for all latitudes. In one hour, a point travels 15 0 (360 0: 24 hours = 15 0). Linear speed depends on latitude. At the equator it is 464 m/sec, decreasing towards the poles.
The time of day - morning, day, evening and night - begins simultaneously on the same meridian. However work activity people in different parts Earth requires an agreed account of time. For this purpose, it was introduced standard time.
The essence of standard time is that the Earth, in accordance with the number of hours in a day, is divided by meridians into 24 zones, running from one pole to the other. The width of each belt is 15 0. The local time of the middle meridian of one zone differs from the neighboring zone by 1 hour. In reality, the boundaries of time zones on land are not always drawn along meridians, but often along political and geographical boundaries.
The rotation of the Earth around its axis provides an objective basis for constructing degree grid. In a rotating sphere, two points are objectively identified to which it can be attached coordinate grid. These points are poles that do not participate in rotation and are therefore stationary.
Earth's rotation axis - this is a straight line passing through the center of its mass, around which our planet rotates. The points of intersection of the axis of rotation with the surface of the Earth are called geographic poles ; there are two of them - northern and southern. North Pole is called the one from which the planet rotates counterclockwise, like the entire Galaxy.
Intersection line great circle, the plane of which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, with the surface of the globe is called geographic or earth's equator . We can say that the equator is a line that is equidistant from the poles at all points. The equator divides the Earth into two hemispheres: northern and southern. The opposition between the northern and southern hemispheres is not only purely geometric. The equator is the line of changing seasons and the deviation of moving bodies to the right and left, and it is also visible path movements of the Sun and the entire sky.
Small circles, the planes of which are parallel to the equatorial one, intersecting with the earth's surface, form geographical parallels. The distance of parallels, as well as all other points, from the equator is expressed geographical latitude . From point of view rotational movement The Earth's geographic latitude is the angle between the plane of the Earth's equator and the plumb line at a given point. In this case, the Earth is taken to be a homogeneous sphere with a radius of 6,371 km. In this case, geographic latitude can be understood as distance the desired point from the equator in degrees. Unlike geographical latitude, geodetic latitude is defined not only on a ball, but also on a spheroid as the angle between the equatorial plane and the normal to the spheroid at a given point.
The line of intersection of the great circle passing through geographic poles and through the desired point, with the surface of the globe is called meridian this point. The meridian plane is perpendicular to the horizon plane. The line of intersection of these two planes is called noon line . To determine the prime meridian objective criterion No. By international agreement, the meridian of the observatory in Greenwich (outside London) was adopted as the initial meridian.
Longitudes are counted from the prime meridian. Geographical longitude called dihedral angle between the meridian planes: the starting point and the desired point, or the distance in degrees from the starting meridian to specific place. Longitudes can be counted in one direction, in the direction of the Earth's movement, i.e. from west to east, or in two directions. This rule, however, allows exceptions: for example, Cape Dezhnev, extreme point Asia, can be considered both at 170 0 W and at 190 0 E.
The convention of counting longitudes allows us to divide the Earth not according to the prime meridian, but according to the principle of full coverage of continents .
For the geographical envelope and the nature of the Earth as a whole axial rotation The earth has great value, in particular:
1. The axial rotation of the Earth creates the basic unit of time - the day, dividing the Earth into two parts - illuminated and unilluminated. With this unit of time in the process of evolution organic world turned out to be agreed physiological activity animals and plants. The change of tension (work) and relaxation (rest) is an internal need of all living organisms. Obviously the main synchronizer biological rhythms there is an alternation of light and darkness. Associated with this alternation is the rhythm of photosynthesis, cell division and growth, respiration, algae luminescence and many other phenomena in the geographic environment.
The most important feature depends on the day thermal regime the earth's surface - a change in daytime heating and nighttime cooling. In this case, not only this change in itself is important, but also the duration of the periods of heating and cooling.
The daily rhythm is also evident in inanimate nature: in heating and cooling rocks and weathering, temperature conditions, air temperature, ground precipitation, etc.
2.The most important meaning of the rotation of geographical space is to divide it into right and left. This leads to deviation of the paths of moving bodies to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in southern hemisphere.
Back in 1835, the mathematician Gustave Coriolis formulated theory relative motion bodies in a rotating frame of reference . Rotating geographical space is such a stationary system. Deviation of movement to the right or left is called Coriolis force or Coriolis acceleration . Essence this phenomenon is as follows. The direction of movement of bodies, naturally, is rectilinear relative to the axis of the World. But on Earth it occurs on a rotating sphere. Under a moving body, the horizon plane rotates to the left in the northern hemisphere and to the right in the southern hemisphere. Since the observer is on the solid surface of a rotating sphere, it seems to him that the moving body is deflecting to the right, while in fact the horizon plane is moving to the left. All moving masses on Earth are subject to the action of the Coriolis force: water in oceanic and sea currents, air masses during atmospheric circulation, matter in the core and mantle.
3. Rotation of the Earth (along with the spherical shape) in the field solar radiation(light and heat) determines the west-east extension natural areas and geographical zones.
4. Thanks to the rotation of the Earth, the ascending and descending air currents, which are disordered in different places, acquire a predominant helicity. Air masses obey this pattern, ocean waters, and also, probably, the substance of the nucleus.