Planet Earth is truly unique. There are different continents here, on which, accordingly, there are different countries with their own geographical features. Eurasia is considered the largest continent. Here, among other countries, Russia is located. In the article we will consider the geography of Eurasia and the Russian Federation in more detail. Let's find out where the extreme continental points of Russia are located.
Eurasia
Continent Eurasia occupies 36% of the total land surface of the Earth (more than 53,500 million sq. km), about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet Earth lives on it (about 5 billion). The continent is divided into two parts, Europe and Asia. They are unequal among themselves geographically. The latter makes up more than 80% of the area of the entire continent.
Europe
The northernmost part of this part is Cape Nordkin (Kinnarudden). Located in Norway, it is a rock formation jutting out into the Barents Sea. The opposite point, the southernmost one, is Cape Marroki. This place is located in the Spanish province of Cadiz, in the Strait of Gibraltar. There is a lighthouse here. The distance to the coast of Africa is only 14 km. Cape Roca (Portugal) - western point. It also houses a lighthouse that provides light to ships sailing the Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost site is located on the territory of our country, in the Polar Urals. 
Asia
The extreme points of the continents may coincide with those of some countries. This, for example, happened with the Russian Federation. Some extreme continental points of Russia coincide with these sections of the indicated part of the continent. There are two of them. The northernmost mainland point of Russia is located at Cape Chelyuskin. It is located at the tip of the Taimyr Peninsula. The extreme eastern point of Russia is Cape Dezhnev. It is located in Chukotka. These extreme points of Russia are named after the great explorers of the Arctic. There is Cape Baba in Asia. This is the western extreme point of this continental zone. It is located in the northwestern part of the Turkish peninsular formation of Asia Minor. The southern section is Cape Piai. This is the tip of the Malacca Peninsula in Malaysia.
RF and Eurasia
Some ancient cartographers considered Russia an independent part of the world, so how wide is it? Our country occupies almost a third of the Eurasian continent, it is the first in the world in terms of territory and ninth in population. Russia has borders with eighteen countries, ranking first in the world in this indicator. Our country has the longest border in the world, which exceeds the length of the equator, while sea lines are twice as long as land lines. Three oceans wash the Russian Federation: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic. 
Anyone who has traveled or lives in the region of the Ural Mountains has probably seen the corresponding pillars (tourists love to take pictures with them), delineating the border of Europe and Asia, parts of the world in which, over the course of many millennia, the largest and most significant events in human history have taken place, sometimes having a fundamental impact on the entire globe. The southern borders of Asia and Europe are drawn along the Kuma-Manych depression. If we consider the ratio of the European and Asian parts of the world within Russia, then only 1/5 of it is located in Europe, the rest of the territory is in Asia. “Yes, we are Asians,” said the poet. If we consider his words in a purely geographical context, then he was certainly right.
Russian Federation: brief description of the country
The Russian Federation includes eighty-five territorial and national-territorial entities. The government structure is federal. The country is a mixed republic. The capital of Russia is Moscow, the country is headed by a president, and the official language is Russian. The state contains various subjects of law, vested with different powers depending on the status of the entity. The main units are regions, republics, territories, autonomous okrugs and regions, cities, including those of federal significance and subordination. 
Geography
The territorial center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, near the southeastern part of the shore of Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near the capital - Kyzyl. The country's area is 1/8 of the world's territory. It is more than one and a half times the size of Europe and almost twice the size of the United States. A quarter of the equator - this is the length of the largest country in the world from west to east (about 10,000 km), the length along the north-south line is more than 4,000 km.
Extreme points of Russia. Location by cardinal directions
The extreme eastern point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Eurasia, since the territory of the country occupies the northeastern part of the continent. This, as mentioned above, is Cape Dezhnev. Even further east is an inland point. This is the rocky island of Ratmanov. It is located in the Bering Strait. There is no permanent population on the island. The border post guards the easternmost border of the country. The island has one of the largest bird colonies in the region and a large walrus rookery. The northernmost continental point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Asia. As you know, this is Cape Chelyuskin. Even further north it is located on the island. Rudolf Cape Outbuildings. This is another extreme northern point of Russia. It is part of Franz Josef Land. This is the northernmost point on the inland part of the country. Almost the entire area is covered by glacier. 
In the west, the extreme point of the state is located in an enclave region that does not have common land borders with the Russian Federation, in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the Baltic Sea, on a narrow part of the land. The Baltic Spit separates the Kaliningrad Bay from the main water area. This part of the land is covered with sandy beaches and dunes. The extreme southern point of Russia is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan, not far from Mount Bazardyuzyu (southwest of it). The mountain peaks of these places and the rich fauna create a unique landscape that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world. There are other extreme points of Russia. For example, the highest mountain peak is located in the Caucasus. This is the famous Mount Elbrus. The peak is located in Karachay-Cherkessia. The region of the Caspian basin is considered the lowest altitude in Russia.
Territory of the Russian Federation. Short description
Our country occupies such a large territory that it accommodates three climate zones. In particular, these are temperate, arctic and subarctic. There are ten natural zones on the territory - from the northern Arctic to semi-deserts and deserts in the south. They make Russian nature one of a kind. There are tundras, forest-tundras, forest-steppes, and taiga. Mixed forests and broad-leaved steppes are common. This is a country of natural contrasts. 
Mountains and plains, arid and marshy areas represent unique landscapes. The country is rich in minerals and natural resources. The deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the largest river in Europe (Volga), the highest peak in the same part of the world (Elbrus) - all this is the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the country, making up one fifth of it, lies beyond the Arctic Circle. And some extreme points of Russia coincide with continental ones. In terms of relief, the country can be conditionally divided into several parts: Fennoscandia (Karelia, Kola Peninsula), the East European and West Siberian Plains, the Central Siberian Plateau, the Ural Mountains, the southern and eastern mountain ranges.
February 18, 2014
The grandiose territory of Russia
Russia is rightfully considered the largest country in the world. Here, on its territory, there are three climatic zones and ten natural zones. From east to west, the length of the country is 10 thousand kilometers and 10 time zones.
Russia is the largest state in the world. When the New Year is already celebrated in the east, in the western regions the evening of the previous day is just beginning. The extreme eastern point of the country is Cape Dezhnev, located on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here there is an ancient cross and a lighthouse named after the pioneer. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev was the first navigator to sail through the Bering Strait. But all the glory, unfortunately, went to Bering, who did it 80 years later. Only 200 years later, a Swedish explorer named the easternmost cape of Russia after Dezhnev. Not far from the cape there is Ratmanov Island, on which there is a mountain range called the Roof, on the slopes where the local inhabitants - the Eskimos - lived.
The northernmost point of Russia
The western extreme point of Russia is 10 thousand kilometers away from the eastern one and is located in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. The Kaliningrad region is shared with Russia by the territory of other countries and represents a kind of Russian island among the other Baltic states. Therefore, sometimes it is sometimes not taken into account and they say that the most extreme point of Russia in the west is located in the Pskov region at the junction of the borders of three countries - Latvia, Russia and Estonia. In determining the extent of the state from east to west, one and the other point should be taken into account.
The northernmost point of Russia is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Taimyr Peninsula. It was there that the Great Northern Expedition was created in order to explore the territory of the country. Then the cape was called East Northern, but 100 years later it was named in honor of the famous navigator Semyon Chelyuskin. It is winter on the peninsula almost all year and the snow does not melt at all. Even in the middle of summer, the mercury column in the thermometer does not rise above +1 degrees Celsius. There is a polar meteorological station here, where only 10 people are constantly present. Helicopters provide communication with the mainland. They also deliver food and necessary things here.
Southern point of Russia
In the south, the extreme point of Russia is located on Mount Bazardyuzyu on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It is more than 3.6 thousand kilometers away from the northern edge. The North Caucasus has beautiful mountains, on the tops of which lie eternal glaciers. Many peoples live there, very fond of their harsh region; they cultivate plots of land suitable for agriculture or raise sheep. According to another version, the southernmost point is located on another mountain called Ragdan. At its foot there is also the southernmost village - Kurush.
Many climbers make their ascents in the Caucasus Mountains. There are many seemingly inaccessible peaks here, the conquest of which gives climbers joy and pride. Russia is the largest country in the world. On its large territory. There is also the tundra, with its permafrost, in which day and night last for six months, and endless steppes and centuries-old taiga. It is in our country that the border between Europe and Asia runs along the Ural Mountains.
Russians can be proud of their country, its mountains and steppes, seas and lakes. Between north and south its length is 4 thousand kilometers. Between west and east - 10 thousand. This territory belongs to all residents of Russia.
The extreme point is considered the most distant place in the north, south, west and east, where the state border or the mainland of the country ends. The extremes may be continental or include islands or exclaves. Russia occupies the largest area of any country in the world. Throughout the history of the country, its borders have changed several times. This article presents the most extreme western, eastern, northern, southern geographical points of both the continental part of Russia and taking into account the islands, as well as the most remote cities of the country.
Extreme points of the mainland
- Northern point - located on Cape Chelyuskin (77°43" north latitude), Taimyr. The lands lie beyond the Arctic Circle, winter here lasts almost all year round. There is a meteorological station on the cape, the temporary population does not exceed ten people.
- Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°13" north latitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
- Western point - located on the Baltic Spit in the Baltic Sea near the city of Kaliningrad (19°38" east longitude).
- Eastern point - located on Cape Dezhnev (169°40" west longitude). The mountain range abruptly ends to the sea. In good weather, from the cape you can see the western shores of Alaska.
Extreme points including islands and other lands
- Northern point - Cape Fligeli (81°50"35" north latitude 59°14"22" east longitude). It is located on Rudolf, which is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Harsh weather conditions make the island difficult to visit. There are no villages, camps or border posts here. To mark the extreme point, a wooden cross was erected on the cape in 2003.
- Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°11"07" north latitude 47°46"54" east longitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
- Western point - located at the Normeln border post, located on the Baltic Spit in the Kaliningrad region (54°27"45" north latitude 19°38"19" east longitude). The lands border with Poland. No more than a thousand people live on the spit.
- Eastern point - located on Ratmanov Island, in the Bering Strait (65°47" north latitude 169°01" west longitude). The state border passes here, and there is a border post on the island itself.
Extreme cities of Russia
- Pevek is the northernmost city in the country (69°42" north latitude). It is located in Chukotka. After the collapse of the USSR, the settlement began to rapidly die out; today the number of inhabitants does not exceed five thousand. Summer in the city is short and cold; sometimes there is no time to melt on the hills snow In winter, temperatures drop to -30°C, and snowstorms often occur.
- Derbent, the southernmost city, is located in Dagestan (42°04" north latitude). In addition to its unique geographical location, Derbent stands out for its age. It is the oldest city in Russia. The settlement attracts with its proximity to the sea, subtropical forest and vineyards. Lighthouse in the city center considered the southernmost in the country.
- Baltiysk is located in the west (19°55" east longitude). It is here that the base of the Baltic Fleet is located. The city remained closed until the beginning of the 21st century. Tourists, in addition to the sea and beaches, are attracted by the unique architecture. Medieval defensive structures have been preserved here: the Pillau citadel, Fort Shtile The visiting card of Baltiysk is the lighthouse.
- Anadyr in Chukotka is the easternmost city of Russia (177 ° 30" east longitude). Summer here is short, lasting two and a half months. Winter is cold, hurricane winds are frequent. Travelers are greeted upon arrival by houses painted in bright colors. In winter, you can see the northern lights. Among the attractions are the swan lake, Lake Elgygytgyn. A unique architectural monument is the Holy Trinity Cathedral.
Extreme permanent settlements
- In the north is the urban-type settlement of Dikson, Krasnoyarsk Territory (73°30" north latitude).
- In the south - the village of Kurush, Republic of Dagestan (41°16" north latitude).
- In the west - the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (19°55" east longitude).
- In the east is the village of Uelen, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (169°48" west longitude).
Extreme heights of the country
- The lowest point in Russia is the level of the Caspian Sea (-28 meters below sea level).
- The highest point in the country is the peak of Mount Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level).
- The highest point in the Asian part of Russia is
Russia is the largest state on the globe. The territory of our country is more than 17 km². The distance between the northern and southern edges is more than 4 thousand km., between western and eastern - about 10 thousand km. There are 11 time zones in Russia, the time difference between the extreme points of the time range is 11 hours. 40 minutes. Impressive number! While some Russians in Kaliningrad are preparing breakfast and getting ready for work, others in Vladivostok have already returned home from work and are sitting down to dinner. No less striking is the difference in temperature conditions between the northern and southern climatic zones, which in the off-season can be up to 30-40 degrees.
Which points of our country are considered the most extreme?
If we take into account the continental territory, then the most extreme points will be:
- North: Cape Chelyuskin (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
- East: Cape Dezhnev (Chukotka).
- South: a point that is located just east of Mount Ragdan (Dagestan). It does not appear on geographical maps.
- West: a point not indicated on maps, located on the Baltic Sea coast near Kaliningrad.
If we take into account the island territory, the extreme points, with the exception of the southern one, will be different:
- North: Cape Fligeli on the northernmost island of the Franz Josef Land archipelago.
- East: border post on Ratmanov Island (Chukotka).
- West: border post Normaln (Kaliningrad region).
Which cities are located in close proximity to the most extreme points of our country?
- North: Pevek (Chukotka).
- East: Anadyr (Chukotka).
- South: Derbent (Dagestan).
- West: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region).
Let's talk about the extreme points of Russia in more detail:
North
The continental northern point is located at Cape Chelyuskin, which is located in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula. This territory was discovered by the famous Arctic explorer Semyon Chelyuskin in the forties of the 18th century. Even further north is Cape Fligeli, located on Rudolph Island (Arkhangelsk region), which is considered the northernmost island point of the Russian Federation. Almost the entire territory of the island is covered with a layer of eternal ice. The climate here is arctic in the full sense of the word. The average annual temperature on the island is minus 12ºC. Even in July, temperatures very rarely rise to above zero. The average daily temperature in July is -1°C, in January -24°C.
Cape Chelyuskin
East
Cape Dezhnev, the easternmost continental territory of the Russian Federation, was discovered by the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. The Cape is a mountain range on the coast of the Bering Strait. The climate is harsh, the temperature in winter can drop below 40ºC, in summer it usually does not exceed plus 8ºC. Numerous colonies of birds settle on the elephant hills, which abruptly fall into the sea; walruses and seals set up their rookeries on the coastal strip. In spring you can see polar bears here. From Cape Dezhnev it’s a stone’s throw to America - only 86 km separate the easternmost point of Russia from the westernmost edge of America- Cape Prince of Wales. Despite the remoteness from civilization, tourists often come here - adherents of original travel. They are attracted by the brutal beauty of the local nature and local attractions - an ancient wooden cross and a lighthouse monument to Semyon Dezhnev. Even further east is the island's extreme point - Ratmanov Island, which is washed by the waters of the Bering Strait. The border post is located here. Its employees bear the honorary title of Russians who are the first to celebrate the New Year. 
South
The southern outskirts of our country are located near the mountain peak of the Caucasus ridge - Ragdan (4020m). The average annual air temperature here, frankly speaking, is far from southern - only plus 4 °C. Alpine meadows at the foot of the mountain give way to sparse vegetation on its slopes. A rare representative of the animal world lives here - the Caucasian snowcock (leopard) 
West
The western outskirts of our state runs along the Baltic Spit - a 65-kilometer strip of land between the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad Bay. The spit is divided in the middle by the border with Poland. The westernmost kilometers of the spit are occupied by a border outpost. The Poles turned their part into a real tourist “mecca”, creating a fashionable resort there. Russian territory was classified for a long time and practically abandoned. Lovers of “wild” holidays come here, for whom these places are a great opportunity to escape from civilization. They live here in tents or abandoned buildings without amenities, sacrificing comfort for miles of sandy beaches, healing sea air and unique nature. 
Russia is located in the north of the Eurasian continent, occupying about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the continent are also the extreme points of Russia. A country located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia washed by the seas of three oceans: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.
Between Europe and Asia within Russia, it was carried out along the Ural Mountains and along the Kuma-Manych depression. Only a little more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). Moreover, the European territory of Russia often means the entire territory lying west of the Urals (about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.
The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory, the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km 2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of Russia is 1.7 times larger than the area of Europe and 1.8 times larger than the area of the United States, 2 times larger than the area of China and 29 times larger than the area of the largest European state - Ukraine.
Northernmost point
The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin(77° 43" N). Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is located even further north - 81° 49" N, the distance from Cape Fligeli to the North Pole is only 900 km.
Southernmost point
The extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41° 11" N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40° along the meridian, and the northern continental point is 36.5° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.
This extent of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within its borders of three climatic zones (Arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural zones (from arctic deserts to temperate deserts). The main part of Russia's territory is located between 70 and 50° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of the Northern regions is 10 million km2; in this respect, only Canada can serve as an analogue.
Westernmost point
The westernmost point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19° 38" 30" E. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of “island” point.
Easternmost point
The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev(169° 40" W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169° 02" W.
The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171° 20" or almost 10 thousand km. With the enormous extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continental climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectoral changes in nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation.
The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The lowest absolute height was noted in the Caspian depression (-28 m).