The shadow is all our feelings, desires, character traits that we refuse to accept in ourselves for fear of being rejected by people who are significant to us. And we simply cease to be aware of this unacceptable (in other words, we repress it into the unconscious). The very concept of Shadow was introduced by the founder analytical psychology Carl Gustav Jung.
How does it appear?
From the early age Every child is very sensitive to and quickly learns to understand what his loved ones, first of all his parents, expect from him. As Jungian analyst James Hollis explains, in the family, each of us receives and internalizes many hidden messages: “My laughter and funny Games cause anxiety in the mother", "My independent opinion offends my father”, “I must sacrifice my most deep feelings to feel safe."* We are afraid of losing the favor of our loved ones, disappointing them, or causing their anger. This is vitally important for us, and we adapt to the demands, expectations and stereotypes of our environment.
We become obedient because our elders condemn our self-will. We try to take care of others, because it is not good to be selfish and think about yourself. Parents don't like it when we get angry and insist on our own, so we learn to be flexible. We are made to understand that the area of sexuality is something shameful, and we close it to ourselves. This list is endless, and each of us can add our own items to it.
By acquiring some qualities, we inevitably lose others. A boy should not be too gentle, he should be strong - and his natural sensitivity is suppressed, he ceases not only to express it, but also to be aware of it. It’s not right for a girl to be an ataman in a group of boys, her job is to cradle dolls - and her leadership qualities disappear into the Shadow.
This is how our “I” is formed and at the same time a vast space of dark “dungeons” arises, where for years everything that we have suppressed and abandoned has accumulated. In a sense, we are sitting on a volcano that could explode at any moment. This suppressed, but still living and active psychic energy is called the Shadow.
5 steps to the bright side
Psychologist Jean Montbourquette* in this example describes five stages that you need to go through in order to reunite with your Shadow.
1. Become aware of the projection onto another. Maxim and a friend created their own company. He is a mountaineer and often takes time off to indulge his passion. And while in the office, every now and then he drinks coffee and chats with employees, taking them away from their work. Maxim is a workaholic, this slacker drives him crazy. But in essence, he projects his Shadow onto him: own need in rest he left it to his partner to satisfy.
2. Adjust biases. By creating a projection, we put a mask on another and interact with it, and not with a real person. Although the mask does not always fit this character and every now and then threatens to fall off. Real behavior a person does not always correspond to our view. Likewise, Maxim sometimes notes with surprise that for some reason his lazy partner manages to cope with a large amount of work.
3. Stop looking for confirmation. Getting rid of our projection is not easy: even in moments of doubt, we are able to convince ourselves, contrary to the obvious, of the validity of our preconceived judgments. To check his suspicions, Sergei begins to closely monitor his partner, secretly wanting to catch him shirking his work. And sometimes he succeeds. Sergei triumphs: he was right!
4. Look into the source of torment. By stubbornly maintaining his projection, a person at some point feels deprived, diminished in his very essence. He feels that he himself has lost those qualities that he projects onto another, and this causes chronic stress. Maxim, projecting onto his companion his ability to rest and live life to the fullest, already on the verge of a breakdown, his work exhausts him to the limit.
5. Accept what was rejected. Depression often pushes the projector to recognize the pathological situation in which he finds himself. A psychotherapist can help him master projections, and thanks to this, build real self-esteem and healthy relationships. Maxim will have to learn from his partner the ability to distribute forces and, more broadly, the understanding that life is more than just work. As a result, his quality of life (including work) will improve significantly.
* J. Monbourquette “Apprivoiser son ombre” (Bayard, 2011).
Her traps
At first glance we are cast into the Shadow dark aspects our personality, what we ourselves consider to be a flaw: aggression, envy, greed, jealousy, anger, and so on. And at the same time, Jung insists, it “consists not only of morally condemnable inclinations; it shows a number of good qualities"**. Hidden in the Shadow may be courage, confidence, creativity, cheerfulness... “Good” or “bad” is everything that we deny in ourselves, do not want to admit in ourselves.
The problem is that the Shadow never gives up, no matter what locks we put on it (that is, no matter how much we deny our hidden qualities). She makes herself known at every step. The monsters and monsters from our nightmares are her guises. But many of our waking fears are also generated by it.
The shadow is the source of the deepest self-deception to which we are all subject: denying certain qualities, feelings, attractions in ourselves, we attribute them to others, we begin to give people characteristics that sometimes have nothing in common with reality. This is how our psyche protects itself from the realization that all this is within us. This trap is called projection.
To recognize a substitution, Jungian analyst Stanislav Raevsky suggests using this technique: remembering and writing down those traits that irritate and delight us most in other people, but which, as it seems to us, are not present in ourselves (for more details, see p. 92) . The results obtained are nothing more than our projected Shadow: “What irritates us most in others is what we do not accept or recognize in ourselves. In the same way, we admire in others what we do not see in ourselves.”
It’s worth watching yourself throughout the day: every now and then we become indignant at other people’s rudeness, greed, indifference... But are we always impeccably polite, generous, ready to come to someone’s aid? We admire other people's fearlessness, composure or determination - but have we never shown courage, organization, or achieved what we set out for?
But the fact of the matter is that we do not notice how we fall into the trap of projection: this is an unconscious process, not under our control.
Meet your doppelganger
How to get your Shadow back? Two exercises from Stanislav Raevsky.
Feel the features of another. Write down three character traits that irritate you in other people, and three that you admire but don’t think you possess yourself. Now remember the times when you yourself behaved in accordance with these qualities. For example, when you showed toughness, although you condemn it. Or when you behaved firmly, although you consider yourself insecure. Feel this quality in yourself, feel the energy that has appeared in you.
Play your antipode. Imagine the person you most admire (or, conversely, the person you most admire) terrible person in the world). Now try to be him for a while, behave, speak, move like him. Feel the energy that is in this image. S.R.
Shadow Dance
It is especially sad when our loved ones - partners or children - become the object of projection. In essence, we shift responsibility onto them for what we do not accept about ourselves. This is why, notes James Hollis, "family quarrels are essentially unwitting participation in the dance of the Shadow, in which each plays a predictable role with a known partner and with a predictable outcome."
Projection prevents us from seeing in front of us real person– we see only the mask that we ourselves put on him.
Sometimes conflicts with others reach truly dramatic intensity. As Jung wrote about this, “a person quite openly ruins the life of himself and others, but for nothing in the world does he want to understand how much he himself is the culprit of the whole tragedy and how much he himself constantly feeds and supports it.” Here, in the Shadow, are the origins of our intolerance, both personal and collective, towards all others (non-believers, foreigners, homosexuals and others).
And what is most important, Stanislav Raevsky emphasizes, “we cannot truly love another person while we project our Shadow (negative or positive) onto him.” Our rigid selves block our potential for joy, love and connection with others.”
Moreover, we also cannot love and respect ourselves if we ignore part of ourselves and allow it to fight against our own interests.
Make her an ally
This is why it is so important for each of us to “meet” our double and recognize ourselves in him. “To become aware of your Shadow and learn to cope with it is the fate of all people,” wrote Jung***. This means realizing that everything that outrages (or delights) me in other people is also in me. In me, kind and peaceful, there is anger and aggressiveness. Or in me, weak and defenseless, there is strength and the ability to defend my interests. “In other words, in the Shadow lurks complete opposite to the person we consider ourselves to be,” sums up Stanislav Raevsky.
Accepting this is very difficult, because it means reconsidering our understanding of ourselves. But those who refuse this work risk even more. He is threatened with stress and depression, anxiety and dissatisfaction with himself, and feelings of guilt. He will be subject to all sorts of obsessive states and risks being led by his impulses: jealousy, uncontrollable anger, malice, gluttony...
And by daring to meet the Shadow, we receive huge bonuses. “When we begin to integrate our Shadow, we discover how much richer we are internally than we previously imagined,” says Stanislav Raevsky. – There are so many different things in us that we previously attributed to other people and did not notice in ourselves. Suppressed qualities, character traits, complexes - this is a huge energy that was excommunicated from us, and now it is returning to us. Our perception of the world changes, new horizons open, life becomes brighter. We gain the ability to love others and the whole world.”
At the same time, the Jungian analyst clarifies, accept dark sides your personality does not mean indulging them. On the contrary, by recognizing them, we can control them, that is, we do not allow the Shadow to capture us.
“If a person in the second half of life has even a small bit of consciousness and a grain of moral strength, then criticism, if it is to be present at all, should be attributed only to oneself,” believes James Hollis. And yet what formerly man will begin to realize his Shadow, so much the better. “It is in our youth that we make a lot of mistakes due to ignorance of our Shadow and then we regret it,” adds Stanislav Raevsky. By the way, parents should also remember about the Shadow in order to less impose their vision of the world on their children, allowing them to develop their natural inclinations, interests and character traits.
However, we will never be able to say goodbye to the Shadow forever. (This is why Jung suggested that his clients return to him after 10 years and analyze what had accumulated in their Shadow over the years.) And we should also understand and accept this.
* J. Hollis “Life as a Journey” (Klass, 2009).
** K. G. Jung “Eon” (Academic project, 2009).
*** K. G. Jung “Synchrony” (AST, 2009).
Perhaps somewhere in the Universe there exists a completely different world, unlike ours. Other laws of physics work in it, other particles interact. A group of Russian scientists, together with colleagues from other countries, have come closer to discovering a mysterious particle - a dark photon. He may turn out to be an intermediary between our world and the hidden sector of the Universe. The experiment, called NA64, was carried out at one of the CERN accelerators. If the project is successful, it will be a real revolution in physics, and indeed in our ideas about the world.
Mysterious mass
The world is very unfair. Matter we understand makes up about 5% of the Universe. Everything else is something strange and dark.
In the 20–30s of the 20th century, scientists noticed that in some galaxies there was a malicious violation of the laws of celestial mechanics. For example, Swiss-American astronomer Fritz Zwicky measured the radial velocities of eight galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenices in 1933. Calculations have shown that there is tens of times less visible matter there than is needed for the gravitational force to hold the galaxies together. This means that there is something else, invisible, but influencing with its mass. This is how the term “dark matter” appeared.
The unexpected result could be attributed to measurement error or an error in the formulas. But further research convinced scientists even more: there is something mysterious, heavy, inaccessible to observation in space. And in very large quantities.
Another proof of the existence of dark matter came from the gravitational lens method. Massive objects such as galaxies and their clusters bend the rays of light coming from the stars behind them - thanks to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. But gravity is visible cosmic bodies it is not enough for the light to bend the way observations show.
Another argument is the discovery of huge amounts of hot gas in galaxy clusters. Calculations have shown that the mass of ordinary matter is too small to hold this gas - it should have long ago flown away into the void of space. But it doesn’t fly away!
Therefore, there is some substance in the Universe that exhibits enormous mass but eludes any other observation. This matter does not emit visible light or other waves. Does not interact with ordinary substances. It cannot be seen, touched, smelled, or even put into an accelerator.
“Despite its invisibility and intangibility, dark matter played key role in the formation of the structure of the Universe. Dark matter can be compared to undervalued ordinary members of society. Although they are not visible to the makers of destinies, without an army of workers building pyramids, laying highways, assembling electronic equipment, the development of civilization is impossible. Like other invisible groups of people in our society, dark matter is fundamentally important to our world.", writes the theoretical physicist Lisa Randall in the book “Dark Matter and Dinosaurs,” which was published in Russian this year by the Alpina Non-Fiction publishing house.
I would expand this metaphor a little. Imagine that you are a designer living in Moscow, a kind of fifth-generation creative intellectual. And somewhere in Siberia there is an oil well worker. You do not enter into the usual forms of interaction with him: do not go to visit, do not communicate in in social networks, do not sit until the morning with a cup of tea. But you live in the same country and experience each other indirectly. For example, thanks to extracted oil the state budget becomes massive and affects the designer. I came up with this metaphor specifically so as not to frighten anxious humanists with physics. It will continue to appear - physicists and strong-willed lyricists may miss it.
Through the Looking Glass Universe
The part of the world known to us has long been laid out on the shelves of the Standard physical model: quarks here, electrons there, electromagnetic interaction on the side, and so on. Until recently, there were ambiguities with one cell - the Higgs boson. However, they dealt with him too. But, I repeat, this is only one twentieth of the Universe. There is many times more dark matter, but nothing really is known about it.
Sergei Gninenko- presenter Researcher Institute of Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, one of the hundred most cited in the world Russian physicists. One of the leaders of the experiment to search for dark photons conducted at CERN.
Despite intensive searches at the Large Hadron Collider and in space and underground laboratories, we still know very little about the origin, composition and dynamics of dark matter. We only know that it moves relatively slowly, is “cold” and interacts with us gravitationally. The lack of progress on this issue has changed the understanding of dark matter. Extended versions have appeared Standard model, which suggest that dark matter is part of the so-called hidden sector. It, like the Universe, consists of a family of particles and forces, but it cannot be detected, which is why it is “hidden,” says the physicist Sergei Gninenko.
Where did dark matter come from? It is not completely known. Perhaps it appeared at the moment of the Big Bang at the same time as the substance we are familiar with. Maybe something happened that physicists call a “space defect,” and one part of the world turned out to be practically unconnected with the other, although both are located in the same galaxies.
Or, for example, something else happened Big Bang, which gave birth to the hidden sector, adds Gninenko.
There are dozens of hypotheses explaining what dark matter is: unknown elementary particles, clusters special types neutrino, greetings from the fifth dimension...
Igor Kobzarev(1932–1991) - theoretical physicist, specialist in elementary particles and the theory of gravity.
Lev Okun(1929–2015) - theoretical physicist. It was he who in 1962 proposed to call elementary particles subject to strong interaction(protons, neutrons, etc.). This word is used all over the world, and thanks to the Large Hadron Collider, even those who are far from physics know it.
One of the first theories was proposed in 1966 Soviet physicists Kobzarev, Okun and Pomeranchuk (physicists among themselves call it KOP - after the names of its creators). At that time in the West there was little interest dark matter, it has now become almost the number one problem.
The authors were clearly inspired by Lewis Carroll with his “Alice Through the Looking Glass.” In the abstract to the famous article published in the journal Nuclear Physics, they wrote: “...the possibility of the existence, along with ordinary particles (L), of “mirror” particles (R), the introduction of which restores the equivalence of left and right, is discussed. It has been shown that “mirror” particles cannot interact with ordinary ones either strongly, semi-strongly, or electromagnetically... The question of the existence of macroscopic bodies (stars) from R-matter and the possibility of their detection is discussed.”.
In fact, we are talking about the possibility of a parallel Universe. And here I would like to return to the metaphor of the designer and the oilman. Even a very creative Muscovite will not deny the existence of the Siberian hard worker and his contribution to the country’s gross product. But he is unlikely to be ready to admit that such a distant socially there is a complex type inner world: doubts, longing, inspiration, love, dreams. The unknown often seems simpler than it really is.
Yes, there are hypotheses that dark matter consists of only one type of particle that can only provide mass, nothing more. It is enough to add one cell to the Standard Model, and the problem will be solved. But there are other theories according to which the dark world can be very complex.
Much later, in 2007, Lev Okun wrote in the magazine “Uspekhi physical sciences»: “The hidden mirror sector must have its own strengths, weaknesses and electromagnetic interactions. And this meant that invisible mirror particles, like ordinary ones, should form mirror atoms, molecules, invisible stars, planets and even mirror life. Moreover, this invisible mirror world can coexist with our world in the same space. I remember how Igor Kobzarev and I walked through the forest near Moscow on a day off (from Firsanovka station on the Leningrad direction to Nakhabino station on the Riga direction). And suddenly I very clearly “saw” an invisible and inaudible train running across the clearing on invisible rails.”.
Isaac Pomeranchuk(1913–1966) - theoretical physicist. Participated in the creation of Soviet nuclear reactors. Made many discoveries in the field of elementary particle physics. Twice laureate Stalin Prize. A hypothetical particle, pomeron, is named in his honor.
According to the latest calculations in solar system more than three hundred quadrillion tons of dark matter. Relative to the masses of the planets, this is negligible. But what if it's something complex and organized - spaceship, research probe, Living being? Then you can fantasize about dark men who sit under lamps with dark light and try in vain to derive a formula explaining the existence of the Earth and the Sun, which obviously contradict the laws of dark physics...
And what? There is many times more dark matter than visible matter. We do not yet know which physics is more favorable for the emergence of life and intelligence - ours or the one in the hidden sector. Let’s assume that the chances are equal, which means that the probability of the existence of “dark intelligence” is five times greater than that of “ordinary” aliens.
Hope for an accidental collision
You can build theories and study processes in deep space. But the main proof in physics is still a controlled experiment. And there is a possibility that dark matter can be caught under terrestrial conditions.
Again a metaphor. A Moscow designer, of course, can read an article about oil production in a business magazine. But let’s say he came on a business trip to Surgut. There is a non-zero chance that a designer will run into an oil worker on the street, they will get acquainted, go drink coffee and talk about the meaning of life. Agree, this way you can get much more information about each other. And if this happens, a Muscovite will probably write a note about it on Facebook or post a photo on Instagram. And then his creative friends will learn a lot of new things about Siberian workers.
Let's return to physics.
One of the candidates for the role of an element of dark matter is the so-called WIMP (from WIMP, Weakly Interacting Massive Particle). These hypothetical particles can have a mass tens of times greater than that of a proton. It is assumed that they fly in the vicinity of the Earth. It is difficult to catch them: dark matter interacts with ours very reluctantly. The calculation is that if such a large particle hits the core of ordinary matter, it will be noticeable.
There are several detectors around the world that are trying to detect dark matter particles. For example, the PICASSO installation in Canada. The sensitive substance - fluorocarbon (C 4 F 10) - is in a state of superheated liquid (when the temperature has exceeded the boiling point). The slightest external influence, and the droplet will turn into steam. It is expected that if a particle of dark matter hits a fluorine atom, then the liquid around it will begin to turn into gas - a microscopic explosion will occur, the sound of which can be caught by a special sensor.
I once had a chance to visit a laboratory Novosibirsk Institute nuclear physics named after. G.I. Budker, where they are also developing an installation for capturing dark matter. The main part of the device resembles a hefty metal barrel into which liquefied liquid is pumped inert gas: xenon and argon. If a dark matter particle hits the core of a gas molecule, it can be detected.
It is important to very accurately calibrate the installation and isolate it from other particles - otherwise it will be impossible to understand whether it is dark matter or something else. They plan to place the detector in the Italian Gran Sasso National Laboratory, located inside Mount L'Aquila. From outside world The laboratory is separated by almost one and a half kilometers rocks, which almost completely eliminates the ingress of foreign particles.
"The Invisible Decay of an Invisible Particle"
The installations that I talked about in the previous chapter are designed to search primarily for WIMPs - massive particles that are not inclined to enter into any interaction other than gravitational ones.
But there is a hypothesis that dark matter is not so simple and its relationships with our world are much more diverse. Let’s say that the metaphorical designer and the worker have already met and become acquainted. But imagine that the designer is a beautiful girl, and the oil worker is a brutal man, and a feeling arose between them. Love, relationships, marriage, children, grandchildren... The two worlds can mix.
Theorists had reason to believe that dark matter reveals its presence not only through gravitational force. In particular, the hypothesis about a light dark particle, sometimes arising in electromagnetic processes, was put forward in the early 80s by Lev Okun. IN Lately in connection with the “closing” of the Standard Model, interest in such exotic particles has increased significantly, explains Renat Dusaev, a scientist from Tomsk. He is one of the participants in an experiment to search for a particle called a dark photon.
This term was proposed in 2008 by American astrophysicists Lottie Ackerman, Matthew Buckley, Sean Carroll and Mark Kamionkowski. “Let’s imagine that there is absolutely the new kind photons, which is connected to dark rather than ordinary matter. So there may be dark electric fields, dark magnetic fields, dark radiation and so on,” they wrote.
Just in case, let me remind you what an ordinary photon is. This - elementary particle, quantum of light or some other electromagnetic radiation. It was he who called at school the cognitive dissonance: “How is it possible - both a particle and a wave at the same time?!” Getting a photon is very easy: just turn on the light bulb and the room will be filled with photons. Or call by phone. And the radio signal, and the light, and X-rays, and many other things are transferred with the help of this particle. It has no mass, no charge, but it has energy, thanks to which most of the processes around it occur.
By analogy with our electromagnetism, for which a massless photon is a carrier of forces between charged particles, dark electromagnetism can also exist, carried by a massive hidden, or dark, photon. In my opinion, “hidden photon” sounds better than “dark”: there is less confusion,” explains Sergei Gninenko.
Unlike an ordinary photon, a dark photon can have mass. It is impossible to say which one exactly. It is also assumed that it can decay into other particles. And most importantly, there is a possibility that a dark photon is capable of interacting with particles of ordinary matter. A sensation is brewing. It could happen as part of an experiment with a not-so-romantic name NA64.
This project was developed by scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and the Institute of High Energy Physics (Protvino). It was approved in March 2016 European organization for nuclear research - CERN (yes, the same one that built the Large Hadron Collider). It's pretty rare case when CERN includes in its research program experiment proposed by Russian scientists; This has only happened a few times throughout history. The SPS accelerator was provided for the dark photon search.
If the mass of the dark photon is small - from one to a thousand electron-volt or even less, then oscillations may arise between our photon and the dark one, similar to neutrino oscillations. With a mass, say, greater than 1 MeV, it can decay into ordinary particles, such as electron-positron pairs. Such decays can be registered. There is, of course, a possibility that a dark photon prefers to decay into “its” particles from the hidden sector, which are precisely the basis of dark matter. And here a non-trivial task arises - to experimentally detect the invisible decay of an invisible particle. It sounds crazy, but it’s true,” admits Gninenko.
Electronvolt (eV). Nuclear physicists prefer to measure the mass of particles through energy - thanks again to Einstein for E = mc 2. Thus, the mass of an electron is approximately 0.5 MeV (a million electron volts), a proton is 0.9 GeV (that is, almost a billion eV), and a neutrino is less than 0.28 eV.
Astrophysicists are good at asking riddles and marking boundaries, but they will most likely have to understand the intricacies at accelerators. The idea of NA64, with all its elegant simplicity, is not new, however, as with the discovery made by LIGO interferometers, it is only recently that technology has allowed such precise experiments. CERN is, of course, one of the best places. We believe that a dark photon is a short-lived massive particle that can decay into other hypothetical particles. And it is possible that these secondary particles manifest themselves in interaction with ordinary matter. Detection of such events is also included in our research program,” says Renat Dusaev.
The experiment is based on the law of conservation of energy:
If hidden photons exist, they could be created in an electron scattering reaction high energy in an active target of total absorption. And this would happen thanks to quantum effect mixing with an ordinary photon of bremsstrahlung emitted by electrons in the field of the nucleus. Since dark photons interact very weakly with ordinary matter, they would penetrate the target and carry away a significant portion of the beam energy from the detector. An indication of the existence of dark photons would be the detection of events with large, more than 50%, missing energy. Such events are extremely rare. Their share is less than 1:100,000,000,000 per standard interaction of an electron in a target, explains Sergei Gninenko.
Roughly speaking, if part of the energy disappears from a closed system, it means that it was stolen by a dark photon.
This is called beam-dump - a sealed experiment. The initial beam of particles is thrown into the installation, where all the energy recorded by the detector is absorbed. The formation of dark particles leaves a rather specific trace, from which we can determine that we are faced with physics beyond the Standard Model,” concludes Renat Dusaev.
The NA64 experiment takes place in several stages. The first completed this spring.
In fact, we have just begun the search for a dark photon and other candidates for the role of elements of dark matter,” explains Sergei Gninenko.
The results obtained made it possible to exclude particle masses at which a dark photon should not be sought. The search area has narrowed by about 25%. It's not bad.
The next stage of the experiment will begin in September. Russian scientists plan to work at CERN for five weeks - more is not possible yet: the accelerator is loaded with other projects. However, negotiations are now underway, and if they are successful, the search for dark matter will be non-stop - year-round.
This is not the only experiment of this kind - several similar ones are being conducted around the world. For example, there is international project BaBar, which involves about four hundred physicists from different countries, including Russia. Experiments to search for dark photons are carried out at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (USA).
But we have an excellent chance to be the first to find a dark photon,” Renat Dusaev is sure.
"Dark Internet, dark cities, dark energy sources..."
The search for dark photons is somewhat reminiscent of the neutrino story. There have been talks about a certain missing particle since the beginning of the 20th century. The term "neutrino" appeared in the 1930s (translated from Italian as "neutron"). But it was possible to experimentally detect the particle only in the middle of the century.
This was, of course, a big event. But it doesn't compare to the potential detection of dark photons. Firstly, neutrinos do not go beyond the Standard Model and belong to the same 5% of observable matter. Secondly, they are extremely reluctant to interact - all they do is fly: billions of neutrinos pass through us every second. By definition, nothing serious can come out of these carelessly autistic particles.
Or maybe it’s a dark photon that serves as a carrier of some kind of interaction... This is a path to a completely different world, complex and fascinating.
The discovery of a new interaction between our matter and dark matter will be a revolution in physics. Similar to the discovery of radio waves. It will be possible to contact hidden universe. Add here the dark Internet, dark cities, dark energy sources,” sums up Sergei Gninenko.
on "Schrodinger's Cat"
for what. TO SHED LIGHT for what. Book Express To make something clear, to explain something. Anya was only interested in the material for her scientific work, which pursued the goal of shedding light on the ancient religious rites of the “earth people”, or Chumylkup(V. Matov. Tambourine).Phrasebook Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008.
See what “Shed light” is in other dictionaries:
to shed light- to explain, to explain, to clarify, to throw light, to explain, to explain, to clarify, to clarify Dictionary of Russian synonyms ... Synonym dictionary
to shed light- Shed (throw) light on something. Reveal something, make it clear, understandable... Dictionary of many expressions
Shed/shed light- for what. Razg. To make clear, understandable, to explain, to reveal the essence of something. FSRY, 363; ZS 1996, 521 ...
shed- light action...
LIGHT- White light. 1. People's poet. The surrounding world, the earth with everything that exists on it. FSRY, 411; BTS, 71; BMS 1998, 517; Versh. 6, 180; FM 2002, 414; Mokienko 1986, 222. 2. Pribike. About a big, huge space. SNFP, 109. 3. to. Pribike. ABOUT… … Big dictionary Russian sayings
light- the light flashed action, the subject flashed the light action, subject, little throw the light action see the light perception the light is seen action, the subject turn on the light action, causation turn on the light action, causation the light shone ... ... Verbal compatibility of non-objective names
light- I a (y), sentence; in the light/those, in the light/; m. see also. luminous 1) Radiant energy ( electromagnetic vibrations in a certain wavelength range), perceived by the eye and making visible the world. sunlight. Daylight. Moon light … Dictionary of many expressions
Light- This term has other meanings, see Light (meanings). Visible light part of the whole world electromagnetic radiation, emitted by a heated or excited ... Wikipedia
shed- To shed (shed) blood 1) (one’s own) for someone or something (rhetor.) to die, to suffer, defending someone or something. We shed our blood for you! 2) whose (rhetor.) kill someone n. He shed a lot of blood and killed people. Shed (shed) light... ... Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language
SHED- SPILL, I’ll spill, you’ll spill, led. spill, past vr. spilled, spilled, spilled, completely. (to spill). 1. what. Spill, splash. Spill vinegar on the tablecloth. 2. without additional Pass (about rain). It poured rain. ❖ Shed (shed) blood see blood.… … Dictionary Ushakova
Books
- Comic book set "Elektra, Daredevil, Finn, Jake and Starlight", . Book 1 Starlight Author: Mark Millar Translator: Evgeniy Spitsyn Illustrator: Goran Parlov " Star Light. The Return of Duke McQueen" is a tribute to the classic American... Buy for 874 RUR
- Light on the other side of life. Understanding the Wisdom of the Planes of Light, Cindy Dale. What is that invisible “world” that we call death? Is it true that death is the end of life, as we are accustomed to understanding it? Or maybe death opens the gates to new ones...
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SHED LIGHT for what. TO SHED LIGHT for what. Book Express To make something clear, to explain something. Anya was only interested in the material for her scientific work, which had the goal of shedding light on the ancient religious rituals of the “earth people,” or Chumylkup.(V. Matov. Tambourine). Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST A. I. Fedorov 2008
Meanings in other dictionaries
Shed blood
SHED BLOOD for whom, for what. SHED BLOOD for whom, for what. High 1. To die defending someone or something. I will be happy to shed blood for our Moscow (V. Azhaev. Far from Moscow). 2. whom, whose. Kill someone. Many robbers shed the blood of honest Christians (Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus'). Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST A. I. Fedorov...
Shed some sweat
SHED SWEAT. SHED SWEAT. Razg. Express Work hard, work hard. I myself know that I do a little by rewriting; Yes, after all, I’m proud of it: I work, I shed sweat (Dostoevsky. Poor people). People collected stones from the fields. They fought against the thousand-year-old glacial disaster... How much work! How much sweat has been shed!.. And everything is already on the other side, everything is dust (Al. Ivanov. A day with the general). Fraseo...
Shed seven sweats
Razg. Express Work hard, intensely. Having shed seven sweats, they jumped over the front line on a wobbly plane and plopped down on the ground, often breaking the landing gear or wing (V. Rakov. Wings over the sea). The last lazy person, if he sees Alexei Petrovich at work, will hurry home, find his rusty ax, somehow sharpen it quickly and shed seven sweats, chop a mountain of firewood, trying to get...