Everyone knows that sometimes celebrities need to change their name to make it in Hollywood and on stage.
If someone already has your first and last name, you need to stand out somehow.
Some change their name to a shorter and more memorable one, others replace their first or last name, and still others even come up with a completely new name.
Here are the real names of celebrities you probably didn't know about.
Real names of celebrities
1. Meghan Markle
Real name: Rachel Meghan Markle
According to the information, Megan is her middle name, and her first name is Rachel.
2. Prince Harry
Real name: Henry Charles Albert David
Harry is actually his nickname, which is confirmed on his official website.
3. Mila Kunis
Real name: Milena Markovna Kunis
4. Emma Stone
Real name: Emily Jean Stone
The actress decided to shorten her name from Emily J. Stone to Emma Stone, although those close to her simply call her Em.
5. Brad Pitt
Real name: William Bradley Pitt
6. Ashton Kutcher
Real name: Christopher Ashton Kutcher
7. Kit Harrington
Real name: Christopher Catesby Harrington
Interestingly, Keith did not know his real name until he was 11 years old. He was named Christopher after the English playwright Christopher Marlowe, whose name is shortened to Keith.
8. Elton John
Real name: Reginald Kenneth Dwight
It is known that Elton John chose his stage name by combining the names of saxophonist Elton Dean and Long John Baldry.
9. Katy Perry
Real name: Katherine Elizabeth Hudson
Katie changed her last name to maiden name Perry's mother because she didn't want to be confused with actress Kate Hudson.
What are the names of celebrities
10. Reese Witherspoon
Real name: Laura Jean Reese Witherspoon
11. Singer Lord
Real name: Ella Maria Lani Yelich-O'Connor
When asked why she chose this pseudonym, the singer replied that her name was too boring and it would be difficult for fans to shout it out at the festival.
Real name: Destiny Hope Cyrus
Miley is a nickname that her father gave her as a child, as she was a smiley child.
13. Natalie Portman
Real name: Neta-Lee Hershlag
14. Jennifer Aniston
Real name: Jennifer Lynn Anastasskis
15. Lady Gaga
Real name: Stephanie Joanne Angelina Germanotta
16. Adele
Real name: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins
17. Gigi Hadid
Real name: Jelena Hadid
The modern supermodel has been named Jelena since birth, but in primary school she was often confused with another girl with the same name. Therefore, my mother decided to call her Gigi, and this nickname remained.
18. Nicki Minaj
Real name: Onika Tanya Marazh
The surname Maraj is of Indian origin, while the name Onika is of African origin.
19. Rihanna
Real name: Robin Rihanna Fenty
20. Lana Del Rey
Real name: Elizabeth Woolridge Grant
Michael is one of the seven Holy Archangels and their head. On November 21, believers gather to glorify the Holy Archangel Michael.
Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy, first " Grand Duke of all Rus'." Read more about Mikhail Tverskoy.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky (1586-1610) - prince, boyar, commander. Participant in the suppression of the uprising of Ivan Isaevich Bolotnikov. Read more about Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky.
Mikhail Fedorovich - Russian Tsar (from 1613), the first Tsar of the Romanov dynasty. More about Mikhail Fedorovich.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711 – 1765) is the first Russian natural scientist of world significance. One of the greatest Russian scientists and figures of Russian enlightenment XVIII century. As a poet, Lomonosov introduced into the emerging literature the classical forms of poetry that dominated the West in the first half of the 18th century. Read more about Mikhail Lomonosov.
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813) - Russian commander. Read more about Mikhail Kutuzov.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay De Tolly (1757-1818) (Michael Andreas) - Russian field marshal general. Division and corps commander in the wars with France and Sweden. In 1810-12, Minister of War. During the Patriotic War of 1812, he was the commander-in-chief of the 1st Army, and in July - August of virtually all active Russian armies. In 1813-14, commander-in-chief of the Russian-Prussian army, from 1815 - the 1st Army. Read more about Barclay de Tolly.
Mikhail Andreevich Balugyansky (1769-1847) - Russian economist. The first rector of St. Petersburg University (1819-21). Portrait of Mikhail Balugyansky
Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky (1772-1839) - Russian statesman, Count. Since 1808, the closest adviser to Emperor Alexander I, author of the plan for liberal reforms, initiator of the creation State Council. Read more about Mikhail Speransky.
Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (1800-75) - Russian historian, writer, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1841). He published the magazines “Moskovsky Vestnik” and “Moskvityanin”. A little more about Mikhail Pogodin.
Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky (1801-1862) - Russian mathematician and mechanic, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1830). Formulated the general variational principle for non-conservative systems. Proceedings on mathematical analysis, mathematical physics, analytical and celestial mechanics, fluid mechanics, theory of elasticity, ballistics. Read more about Mikhail Ostrogradsky.
Mikhail Semenovich Kutorga (1809-86), Russian historian of antiquity, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1848). Major works on the history of archaic and classical periods Ancient Greece. Portrait of Mikhail Kutorg.
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov (1814–1841) Russian poet. More about Mikhail Lermontov.
Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin ( literary pseudonym N. Shchedrin) is a great Russian satirist writer. Read more about Mikhail Saltykov.
Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel (1856–1910) – Russian artist.
Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky is a Russian electrical engineer, creator of three-phase current technology. Biography of Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin is a Russian writer, the author of works about nature, who revealed in them a special artistic philosophy of nature, hunting stories, and works for children. Of particular value are his diaries, which he kept throughout his life. Read more about Mikhail Prishvin.
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov - Russian writerA writer is a person who deals with literary work, writes fiction literary works.. Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov.
Mikhail Petrovich Kirponos - (1892-1941), military leader, Colonel General (1941), Hero Soviet Union(1940). During the Great Patriotic War he commanded the troops of the Southwestern Front (June - September 1941). Killed in battle. Read more about Mikhail Kirponos.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko (1894-1958) - Russian writer, satirist and playwright. In the stories of the 20s, mainly in the form of a skaz, he created a comic image of a hero-everyman with poor morals and a primitive view of the environment. " Blue Book"(1934-35) - a cycle of satirical short stories about vices and passions historical characters and the modern tradesman. Biography of Mikhail Zoshchenko.
Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin - designer of the T-34 medium tank - the best tank of the 2nd World War. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1942) Posthumously. Hero of Social Labor (1990, posthumously). He died in 1940 while testing a tank. Read more about Mikhail Koshkin.
Mikhail Ivanovich Zharov (1900-1981) - Russian actor theater and cinema. People's Artist of the USSR (1949). USSR State Prize (1947), Hero Socialist Labor(1974). Read more about Mikhail Zharov.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1905-84) - Russian writer, prose writer, the most brilliant Soviet non-intellectual writer who made life Don Cossacks subject of close reader interest, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), twice Hero of Socialist Labor. Biography of Mikhail Sholokhov.
Mikhail Efimovich Dryanichkin - battalion commander who liberated the city of Katowice by storm. Read more about Mikhail Dryanichkin.
Mikhail Andreevich Gluzsky - actor. Read more about Mikhail Gluzsky.
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - inventor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, recipient No. 1 of the medal "For Services to the Fatherland." Read more about Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Mikhail (Moses) Abramovich Schweitzer - Russian film director, National artist THE USSR. Read more about Mikhail Schweitzer.
Mikhail Nikolaevich Zadornov is a modern Russian satirist writer.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Kozakov - actor. Worked in theaters: them. V. Mayakovsky, on Mal. Bronnaya, Sovremennik. In 1991-1997 he worked at the Tel Aviv Chamber Theater. He starred in the films "Amphibian Man", "Pokrovsky Gate", "The Lady's Visit", etc. Read more about Mikhail Kozakov.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Ulyanov - People's Artist of the USSR, artistic director of the Theater. Vakhtangov. A little more about Mikhail Ulyanov.
Mikhail Ivanovich Pugovkin (Pugonkin) - actor, People's Artist of the USSR. Read more about Mikhail Pugovkin.
Mikhail Gorbachev is the first Russian President. Read more about Mikhail Gorbachev.
Mikhail Zvezdinsky - singer. Read more about Mikhail Zvezdinsky.
Mikhail Shirvindt - actor and satirist. Read more about Mikhail Shirvindt.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Derzhavin is an actor at the Moscow Satire Theater. Read more about Mikhail Derzhavin.
Mikhail Ivanovich Kononov is a Russian theater and film actor. Honored Artist of Russia. Read more about Mikhail Kononov.
Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov is a Russian and American ballet dancer and choreographer. More about Mikhail Baryshnikov
Mikhail Sergeevich Boyarsky is a Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of Russia (1990). Read more about Mikhail Boyarsky.
Mikhail Vasilievich Alekseev (1857-1918). General tsarist army, who actually led the Russian army in the war of 1914 - 1918. Since the autumn of 1915, when Nicholas II removed from his post supreme commander in chief led book Nikolai Nikolaevich and himself took this post, Alekseev became the chief of staff of the commander-in-chief (in fact, the head of all military operations) and retained this position almost continuously after the February Revolution, until the Kornilov rebellion, after which he left this post. He had a negative attitude towards the February Revolution, tried in every possible way to protect the soldiers from the “agitators” and restore the old power of the officers. After the February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917, after the Kornilov rebellion in August 1917, Mikhail Alekseev was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief for a short time, then he was the chief of staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Kerensky. Under his leadership, it began to form on the Don at the end of 1918." volunteer army", which later came under the command of Denikin.
Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev (1878-?) - writer, one of the most typical representatives of ideological and literary movement, which arose in Russia after the defeat of the revolution of 1905. The main motives of his work are the preaching of anarchic individualism, a call for liberation from all social responsibilities in the name of selfish use of life, and the cult of erotic pleasures. Artsybashev's works, especially his novel "Sanin", enjoyed great success in intellectual circles and gave rise to corresponding sentiments among young people and in literature, known as "Artsybashshchina" or "Saninism".
Mikhail Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich (1870-1956). A major military specialist. Having first graduated from the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he entered the Academy General Staff, from which he graduated in 1898. Before the war of 1914, he served as an officer, as well as a teacher of military sciences in various military educational institutions. During the war, Gen. was appointed quartermaster general of the army. Ruzsky and led the Lvov operation and the operation under Rava Russkaya. During the Kornilov days, Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich was appointed commander-in-chief of the armies Northern Front. After October revolution served as Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief. In March 1918 he joined the Supreme Military Council as a military leader. From June to August 1919 he served as chief of staff of the Revolutionary Military Council.
Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon (1869 - 1924) - literary historian, author of a number of studies on the history of Russian literature and public life first half of the 19th century c., having great scientific and artistic value. His main works: “P. Ya. Chaadaev”, “Images of the Past”, “Griboedov’s Moscow”, “The Wisdom of Pushkin”. According to his philosophical beliefs, Mikhail Gershenzon aligned himself with the “neo-Slavophilism” of Struve, Bulgakov and Berdyaev and was one of the participants in the collection “Vekhi”. After the October Revolution there was full member Academy Artistic Sciences and was in charge of the Russian literature section there.
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1875-1946). Party member since 1898. Member of the St. Petersburg “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.” Iskra agent. In 1912 - member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Since 1919 - Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, since 1922 - Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Since 1938 - Mikhail Kalinin Chairman of the Presidium Supreme Council THE USSR. Since 1919 - member of the Central Committee, since 1926 - member of the Politburo of the Party Central Committee.
Mikhail Kiselevich was one of the active workers of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies in 1905, a delegate of the Printing Union, and a typesetter by profession. In the case of the Council of Workers' Deputies, he was sentenced to exile in Siberia.
Mikhail Mikhailovich Lashevich (1884-1928). Member of the RSDLP since 1901. Participant in the revolution of 1905-1907. After the February Revolution - Chairman of the Bolshevik faction of the Petrograd Soviet. During the October Revolution - a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, a member of the presidium of the Petrograd Soviet and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Since 1918 - in leadership positions in the Red Army. In 1922-1925. - Mikhail Lashevich Chairman of Sibrevkom. Since 1925 - Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Deputy Chairman of the USSR Revolutionary Military Council. In 1918-1919 and since 1923 - member of the Central Committee. in 1925-1927 - candidate member of the party Central Committee. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov (1880-1918). Tsarist army officer, lieutenant colonel. During the October Revolution, he offered his services to the Soviet government and was appointed chief of defense of Petrograd, then commanded the troops that participated in the liquidation of the Kerensky-Krasnov rebellion. At the beginning of 1918, he commanded the troops operating against the Ukrainian Central Rada and General Kaledin. During the Czechoslovak uprising he was appointed commander of the troops of the Eastern Front. In connection with the left-Socialist Revolutionary uprising on July 6 - 8, according to a resolution of the Central Committee of the Socialist Revolutionaries, Mikhail Muravyov opened the Czechoslovak front on July 12, giving orders under the pretext that it had supposedly begun German offensive remove troops from the front and send them to Moscow. Having found no support from the troops, he shot himself. (He resisted arrest and was killed.)
Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (1800 - 1875) - historian, archaeologist and journalist, publisher of Moskvityanin, the organ of the right wing of Russian Slavophiles. Repeatedly ridiculed in Dobrolyubov's "Whistle", he first coined the term "pandemonium" to denote the literary manner of that time.
Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovsky (1868-1932). Author of the famous four-volume work "Russian History". Pokrovsky is one of the old Bolsheviks, a participant in the revolution of 1905. In 1909, he joined Bogdanov’s group, but soon left this group. During the war, Pokrovsky was an employee of the Parisian internationalist newspaper Nashe Slovo. In 1917, he was a deputy of the Moscow City Council. From November 1917 to June 1918, Mikhail Pokrovsky Chairman of the Moscow City Council, Council of People's Commissars of Moscow and the Moscow Region. In 1918-1932. - Deputy People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR. One of the initiators of the creation and head of the Communist Academy. Institute of Red Professorship and others scientific institutions. Author of many scientific works. Member of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Stakhovich (1861-?) - liberal who slipped to the extreme right in 1905. From 1892 to 1895 Yeletsky leader of the nobility, from 1895 Orlovsky provincial leader. At that most reactionary period autocratic system, Stakhovich was in the eyes of Sipyagin, Plehve, etc. - a revolutionary. His speech at a missionary convention in 1900 almost resulted in his demotion from the leaders of the nobility. For his participation in the Zemstvo Congress in 1902, he received the “highest” reprimand. In 1904, he published a sharp article in No. 2 “Prava”, 1904, regarding the beating of an innocent Muslim Sart in Orel by the police and gendarmes. No. 2 of "Rights" was confiscated because of this article, and the article appeared in No. 44 of the foreign "Liberation". The rising tide social movement forced Stakhovich to reveal his real face: the former liberal turned out to be an arch-conservative nobleman in his views. At provincial zemstvo meetings, Stakhovich was among those who defended only the deliberative right of the State Duma. At provincial meetings he spoke out against the equalization of women with men in political rights. Stakhovich was one of the organizers of the “Union of October 17th”. Selected in I State Duma from the Oryol province, he took a prominent place in the small right wing of the First Duma. On June 14, 1906, Stakhovich, with Heyden and Lvov, founded the Duma faction of “peaceful renewal”, while remaining in the “Union of October 17th”. With them, on July 10 of the same year, Mikhail Stakhovich issued an appeal from the “peaceful renewal” party, which declared complete submission to the will of the tsar (as opposed to the Vyborg appeal). At the beginning of 1907, Stakhovich was elected from the Oryol province to the Second State Duma. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was the Finnish Governor-General under the Provisional Government.
Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko (1886-1956). Russian entrepreneur, sugar factory. He was close to the Progressive Party. He served as Foreign Minister in all three coalition governments. Before February revolution participated together with Guchkov and Krymov in a conspiracy preparing palace coup with the aim of eliminating Nicholas II while maintaining the monarchy. In 1917 - Minister of Finance, then Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution of 1917, Mikhail Tereshchenko emigrated.
Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Efremov) (1880-1936). Member of the party since 1904. Participant in the revolution of 1905-1907, spent ten years in prison and exile, and the October Revolution of 1917. In 1918-1921 and in 1922-1929. - Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. In 1921 - Chairman of the Turkestan Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In 1929-1930 - Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR. Since 1932 - head of OGIZ. In 1919-1934. - Member of the Central Committee, since 1934 - candidate member of the Central Committee, in 1922-1930. - Member of the Politburo of the Party Central Committee. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Central Executive Committee of the USSR. In a climate of mass repression, Mikhail Tomsky committed suicide (after being convicted in the Moscow Trial of 1936).
Mikhail Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky (1893-1937). Graduate of the Alexander Military School (1914), joined the prestigious Semenovsky guards regiment and rose to the rank of lieutenant during the First World War, found himself in German captivity, returned to Russia after the revolution and joined the Red Army in 1918. Party member since 1918 civil war commanded a number of armies in battles in the Volga region, the South, the Urals, Siberia, the troops of the Caucasus and Western fronts. In 1925-1928 - Chief of Staff of the Red Army. Since 1931 - Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Since 1934 - Deputy, since 1936 - First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Since 1934 - candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Mikhail Tukhachevsky was repressed and executed in June 1937; posthumously rehabilitated.
Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze (1885-1925). Party member since 1904. Participant of the October Revolution of 1917 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Moscow. During the Civil War - commander Southern group troops of the Eastern Front and Eastern Front during the defeat of Kolchak's army. In 1919-1920 - Commander of the Turkestan Front, in 1920 - Southern Front during the defeat of Wrangel's troops. In 1924-1925 - Deputy Chairman and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, Deputy People's Commissar and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, at the same time - Chief of Staff of the Red Army, member of the STO. Since 1921 - member of the Central Committee, since 1924 - candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Mikhail Frunze died in November 1925 during an operation - doctors feared that his heart would not withstand the effect of chloroform (Boris Pilnyak’s book “The History of the Unextinguished Moon” was written based on this case).
Mikhail Ilyich Romm (1901-71) - Russian film director, People's Artist of the USSR. Films: “Thirteen”, “Lenin in October” “ Ordinary fascism"(1966). More about Mikhail Romm
Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (Cr. 952-1015) - Baptist Ancient Rus'
The Russian prince Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, had three sons - Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of Svyatoslav, the brothers went to war against each other, each wanted to rule in Kyiv, to become an autocratic prince. Vladimir showed great foresight in this fight and turned out to be the winner. He converted to Christianity, baptized Rus' and contributed in every possible way to the education of ordinary people.
Prince Ivan III Vasilievich(1440-1505) - Uniter of Russian lands
The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II, nicknamed the Dark One, during his lifetime involved his son Ivan in managing the affairs of the state. Thus, he confirmed his legal rights to succession to the throne. All business papers were signed by both of them. Ivan assumed full rights after the death of his father, when he was 22 years old. Ivan III started unite Russian lands around Moscow, turning it into the capital of an all-Russian state. With him Muscovy got rid of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. He knew how to listen carefully to the advice of his boyars. IN mature age Prince Ivan 3 did not like to take part in military campaigns, believing that generals should fight, and the sovereign at home should decide important matters. During the 43 years of his reign, the Moscow principality was freed from the power of the Horde khans, significantly expanded and strengthened. Under him, the code of laws “Code Code” was adopted, and a local system of land ownership appeared.
Peter I (1672-1725) - “What I want must be”
Peter 1 was truly great. Peter had everything great - growth, army, battles, territories, plans. He sought not only to expand the boundaries Russian state, but also to make life in it similar to what he saw in Europe. He learned a lot himself and taught others. However, in his desire to quickly introduce new orders, he often went to extremes; bloody massacres were not uncommon in his time. He was in a hurry in everything, as if he felt that fate had not given him a very long life.
Catherine II (1729-1796) - Enlightened Monarch
On June 28, 1762, a bloodless palace coup took place in St. Petersburg. Wife of Emperor Peter III Catherine Alekseevna, with the help of the guards, removed her husband from power and declared herself an autocratic empress. Once on Russian throne, Catherine II tried to win the devotion and love of her subjects. She accomplished many economic transformation, contributed in every possible way to the development of trade, torture and executions were abolished in Russia, and elected courts appeared. The period of her reign was called the “golden age”, and the empress herself was called the Great.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - The sun of Russian poetry
Time inexorably moves us away from Pushkin, the poet, playwright, and prose writer, but this makes his creative genius appear more and more clearly. His poems, poems and stories were shown different sides Russian reality, social life and peasant life, they reflected the restless soul of the poet, deep feelings and experiences. His poetry and prose were enthusiastically received by 19th-century readers. It was then that the aura of his greatness was created; he began to be considered the founder of Russian literature, the creator of modern literary language. It is no coincidence that the time in which he lived is called the “Pushkin era.”
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Surgeon from God
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov worked for hours in the anatomical theater, cutting soft fabrics, examined diseased organs, sawed bones, looked for replacements for damaged joints. Anatomy became for him practical school, which laid the foundation for his further successful surgical activities. Pirogov was the first to come up with the idea of plastic surgery, used anesthesia in military field surgery, was the first to apply a plaster cast in the field, and suggested the existence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause suppuration of wounds. His works and various medical atlases brought Russian surgery to one of the first places in the world.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) - Defender of the poor people
Despite the wide popularity of Fyodor Dostoevsky in Russia, worldwide recognition and interest in his work came after his death. Everyone noted his deep psychologism and passion in depicting the “humiliated and insulted.” The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Dostoevsky was the only psychologist from whom he learned anything. The works of Fyodor Mikhailovich had a noticeable influence on writers: the Austrian Stefan Zweig, the Frenchman Marcel Proust, the Englishman Oscar Wilde, the Germans Thomas and Heinrich Mann.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) - Preacher of morality
The famous Russian theater director and creator of the acting system Konstantin Stanislavsky wrote in his book “My Life in Art” that in difficult years During the first revolutions, when despair gripped people, many remembered that Leo Tolstoy was living with them at the same time. And my soul became lighter. He was the conscience of humanity. IN late XIX and at the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy became the spokesman for the thoughts and hopes of millions of people. He was a moral support for many. It was read and listened to not only by Russia, but also by Europe, America and Asia.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) - Legislator in chemistry
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was a versatile scientist: in the laboratory he studied new properties of materials, in plants and factories he analyzed the results of their use, desk carefully summarized the information. Every year he traveled to various regions of the country and went abroad. Created by him Periodic table chemical elements– a brilliant discovery – established the dependence of various properties of elements on charge atomic nucleus and was accepted throughout the world. Collection of it scientific works is 25 volumes.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - Composer for all times
Foreign performers of piano music, violinists, cellists and vocalists are well aware of the International Tchaikovsky Music Competition, which is held in Moscow every 4 years. The symphonic works of the Russian composer have long been heard in concert halls many leading capitals of the world, its operas and ballets are in the repertoire of outstanding opera houses planets. Tchaikovsky left behind a huge musical heritage, which has become part of global culture.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) - Teacher of reflex theory
Awarded the title of laureate Nobel Prize in the field of medicine and physiology in 1904, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity, Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was recognized as the leader of physiologists around the world.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) - Discoverer of the biosphere
Vladimir Vernadsky entered the history of Russian and world science as an outstanding naturalist, thinker, public figure. He studied such special branches of knowledge about the Earth as geology, crystallography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and biology. And determined the paths general evolution Earth, introduced the concepts of “biosphere” and “noosphere” - areas of distribution of life on Earth as a result of the evolutionary impact on it by humans. He was the herald of a new branch of science - ecology.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) - Practitioner of building communism
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin - the most famous political figure XX century. For over 70 years in the Soviet Union, he was considered an unsurpassed genius who set the goal of building communism in Russia. In 1917, Lenin took on the impossible task of making backward agrarian Russia socialist and then communist. He dreamed that workers would receive everything according to their needs. The idea turned out to be untenable. True, after Lenin the country gradually switched to the industrial path of development. Communism was not achieved, but at the cost of enormous efforts, including millions of human casualties, the USSR moved closer to the forefront on the world stage.
Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Stalin) (1878 -1953) - Inspirer of all victories
General Secretary of the All-Union Central Committee communist party(Bolsheviks), head of the Soviet government Joseph Stalin led the country onto the industrial path of development, with his name Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War, he caused mass labor heroism, and under him the country became a superpower. But he also imposed a totalitarian, dictatorial regime in the country, carried out forced collectivization, under him famine broke out in the country, carried out mass repression, global community divided into two camps - socialist and capitalist. In history, Stalin remained a dual personality: the winner of the war and the tyrant of his own people.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1906-1966) - Chief designer
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was an outstanding design engineer who dreamed of conquering space. He made a huge contribution to organizing the production of rocket and space technology and missile weapons in the Soviet Union. He was the first in the world to launch earth's orbit satellites, scientific stations, spaceships. Reports of this shocked the whole world. He dreamed of exploring the vastness of the Universe with the help of automatic devices and began preparing a flight to Mars, but did not have time to carry out his plans.
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