Types of territorial zones

Line diagram

Closed circuit

represented by ancient Greek agoras, Roman forums, and Italian Renaissance squares. Its main properties are the absence of end-to-end perspectives, the integrity of the undivided main space of the ensemble, and the organization of passages along its sides. Pass-through central part squares, as well as through perspectives, destroy a closed composition. IN modern city traffic flows make it difficult to create such structures.
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The areas built up along the perimeter are sometimes so vast that they are no longer perceived as closed. It is possible to achieve closed space if the passages are moved outside and the area is formed as a pedestrian island, “washed” by traffic flows. In this case, it is extremely important to subtly feel the proportional relationships of all compositional elements so as not to destroy spatial integrity, as happened during reconstruction Manezhnaya Square in Moscow (Fig. 38).

found in temple complexes Ancient Egypt(the avenue of sphinxes led to an entrance framed by pylons, followed by colonnades of the courtyard and hypostyle hall). In Moscow, a large modern ensemble with such a structure is New Arbat (Fig. 37). The principle of axial perspective, directed towards a high-rise building (Hotel Ukraine), adopted as a basis, has been known for a long time. Nevertheless, the street makes a strong impression due to its integrity and completeness.

2. Types of territorial zones of settlements

Territorial zones may be established in the territories of urban and rural settlements the following types:

residential areas;

public and business zones;

production zones;

engineering and transport infrastructure:

recreational areas;

agricultural use zones;

zones special purpose:

zones of military facilities, other zones of sensitive territories.

Local governments of urban and rural settlements, in accordance with local conditions, can establish other territorial zones, as well as include land plots and other real estate in them.

In territorial zones, subzones can be distinguished, the features of the use of territories are determined town planning regulations taking into account restrictions on their use established by land legislation Russian Federation, legislation of the Russian Federation on environmental protection natural environment, legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of historical and cultural monuments, other legislation of the Russian Federation.

Territorial zones may include territories common use occupied by squares, streets, driveways, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, ponds and other objects. Public areas in urban and rural areas are designed to satisfy public interest population. The procedure for using public areas is determined by local governments.

3. Graphically show a star-shaped diagram of the planning organization of settlements.

1. Planning structure ᴦ. St. Petersburg

Old Russian cities according to the type of plan they were divided into round, designed for all-round defense (Fig. 22, a); semicircular, with their back side adjacent to the water (river, lake, sea) (Fig. 22, b); segmental, occupying the isthmus between water barriers (had powerful fortifications on two opposite sides) (Fig. 22, c); sectoral, occupying a cape between merging rivers, ravines, etc. (Fig. 22, d). Basically they had a three-part structure: fortress, bargaining, posad. Over time, growing, they acquired a circular shape.

Serious changes in urban planning occurred in the first half of the 18th century. New public policy Peter I and the reform of the army and navy contributed to the strengthening of the role of the strategic factor and the emergence of a new, regular urban planning. By that time, a type of fortress city had already emerged with a system of defensive bastions, on the outskirts of which there were residential areas with a regular layout and houses placed along the “red line” (street boundary).

The history of the creation of St. Petersburg most clearly reflects the development of urban planning thought of that time. The city was founded in connection with the need to create a new trade hub to connect East and West, on the one hand, and a system of sea and land defense, on the other hand. In this regard, the city was as close as possible to the coast Gulf of Finland and all buildings and structures are oriented towards the space of the Neva and its channels, which influenced the nature of the planning structure.

Initially, all development was strictly regulated in relation to the area of ​​the building site, its number of storeys and even the material of the walls (mainly stone). A number of projects were completed by foreign architects D. Trezzini and J.B. Leblond, however, it was not possible to solve the problem of uniting parts of the city into a single whole, incl. and for economic reasons. The planning structure of the city was determined by the extreme importance of establishing connections between the fortified city and large architectural complexes, which began to acquire city-forming significance. The first such connection, the road from the Admiralty to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra (the future Nevsky Prospekt), became a factor that influenced the further development of the city's structure. Following this, a road was built (Voznesensky Prospekt), connecting St. Petersburg with its suburbs; the second ray of the future famous triray appeared. The city received a unique opportunity to grow freely, taking into account the characteristics of the landscape.

Created in 1737 ᴦ. Commission on the St. Petersburg building, which included talented architects P. Eropkin, M. Zemtsov, I. Korobov and D. Trezzini, resolved the issue of the location of the city center and approved the three-pointed structure - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospekt (Fig. 23). The new spire of the Admiralty Tower, installed shortly before the creation of the Commission (made according to the design of I. Korobov), was recognized as the main landmark of the base highways. The commission created a city development project that overcame the fragmentation of its planning structure. In it, the city was considered as an architectural and spatial whole, the composition of which was made up of separate areas connected by straight streets oriented to high-rise dominants. Subsequently detailed study planning concept of P. Eropkin. IN this period V. Rastrelli created his masterpieces - Winter Palace, Smolny Monastery, the Stroganov House, etc., which not only beautified the city, but also largely determined its face.

In the second half of the 18th century. Russian urban planning was experiencing an extraordinary rise. Similar scales of construction of new, expansion and redevelopment of existing cities world history I didn’t know before or after. This urban development boom was caused by economic growth and changes in the social structure: the strengthening of the role of the merchant class, the number of artisans and the transition of the nobility to a new way of life (nobility exempted from compulsory civil service after 1762, rapid construction of estates began throughout Russia). In 1775 ᴦ. was carried out administrative reform, as a result of which the country was divided into 50 provinces, and cities, excluding capitals, were divided into three types: 50 provincial, 493 district and 186 provincial. Each city was assigned its own administrative functions and the corresponding required size and scale of urban planning activities. At the same time, lands in the south of Russia were actively developed. All urban planning problems on a national scale were solved by the city created in 1762. Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow (its powers were expanded after the big fire in Tver). When designing settlements, it was assumed that a new regular layout would be required (Fig. 24), subject to the use of the system of old city landmarks: kremlins, cathedrals, bell towers, and large monumental buildings.

2. Composition of residential zones in the planning structure of settlements.

Types of territorial zones - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Types of territorial zones" 2017, 2018.

Territorial zones

Territorial zones are created on the basis of the functional zones of the master plan; territorial zones specify functional zones, detail and clarify them. Consequently, it is allowed that their boundaries do not correspond to each other.

Each territorial zone has its own urban planning regulations; both the zone and the regulations are marked with the appropriate alphanumeric code.

The Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation established several territorial zones:

Social and business;

Production areas;

Engineering and transport infrastructure zones;

Agricultural use zones;

Recreational areas;

Zones of specially protected areas;

Special purpose zones;

Zones for military installations (Part 1 of Article 35 Town Planning Code RF).

When preparing land use and development rules, it is allowed to create other territorial zones, allocated taking into account the functional zones and features of the use of land plots and capital construction projects (Part 1, 15 of Article 35 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation).

Briefly in Article 35 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation and in Article 85 Land Code The Russian Federation has identified objects that can be located in a particular zone. In particular, in residential areas it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached social and communal facilities, healthcare facilities, preschool, primary general and secondary (complete) facilities. general education, religious buildings, car parks, garages, objects related to the residence of citizens and not providing negative impact on environment. Residential zones may also include territories intended for gardening and summer cottage farming (Part 3 of Article 35 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation).

Each zone can be divided into varieties depending on the specifics of the territory. Varieties, for example, of a residential area can be as follows:

Zh-1. Zone of low-rise buildings with individual houses.

Zh-2. Zone of low-rise mixed residential development.

Zh-3. Mid-rise residential area with 3-6 floors.

Zh-4. Area of ​​multi-storey residential development 5-16 floors.

Zh-5. Area of ​​planned housing.

The town planning regulations written for the Zh-4 zone will be the same for all such zones, no matter where they are located on the territory of the municipality. If there is a need in a specific place to change the regulations, add (or remove) one point of permitted use, then another zone is created - Zh-6. It is also possible to establish subzones, but this is in cases where the types of permitted use remain unchanged and only the maximum sizes of land plots and the maximum parameters of permitted construction change (Part 3 of Article 38 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation).

Zones with special conditions use of the territory - security, sanitary protection zones, object protection zones cultural heritage(historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation, water protection zones, zones for the protection of sources of drinking water supply, zones of protected objects, other zones established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Their display is mandatory in the development rules.

However, they can be displayed on special maps, that is, not on the urban zoning map. It's made for the best visual perception information in cases where there are a lot of zones with special conditions for the use of the territory and their boundaries overlap each other and create confusion in the image. For example, on one map you can display only sanitary protection zones, if there are a lot of enterprises, or only zones for the protection of cultural heritage sites (in historical settlements).

It is worth paying special attention to the fact that zones with special conditions for the use of the territory are displayed on maps of land use and development rules. In other words, already existing zones approved in the prescribed manner are recorded. The development rules themselves do not establish such zones. And if, for example, a historical and cultural monument does not have a protection zone approved by the authorities, but has a developed project, then this zone is not subject to display and the monument remains without proper protection; urban planning regulations can be established without taking into account the value of the monument.

Another case. The sanitary protection zone of an enterprise can be specially designed (calculated) for it, taking into account the volume of production, the technologies used, etc. If this is not the case, then the universal zone defined by SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1200-03 “Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects” is applied. In the development rules (as well as in the master plan of the municipality) It is impossible to calculate the sanitary protection zones of enterprises; for this it is necessary to prepare a special project.

Thus, the land use and development rules do not independently establish, design or create anything (in relation to zones with special conditions for the use of the territory), except for urban planning regulations written taking into account such zones.

Town planning regulations, as stated in Part 1 of Art. 36 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, defines legal regime land plots, as well as everything that is located above and below the surface of land plots and is used in the process of their development and subsequent operation of capital construction projects.

The Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation defines the conditions for establishing town planning regulations, exceptions in their distribution (action), the content of the regulations and other similar issues.

It is important to understand the mechanism of action of urban planning regulations, because the establishment (and entry into force) of regulations directly affects the rights of property owners, the value of this property, as well as investment and construction processes already carried out and planned.

For each land plot and other real estate, such use is considered permitted if it complies with urban planning regulations.

Land plots or capital construction projects, types of permitted use, the maximum dimensions and limit parameters of which do not comply with the urban planning regulations, can be used without setting a deadline for bringing them into compliance with the urban planning regulations, except in cases where the use of such land plots and capital construction projects is dangerous for human life or health, for the environment, cultural heritage sites.

In urban areas and rural settlements The following types of territorial zones can be established:

• public and business;

  production;

  engineering and transport infrastructure;

  recreational;

  agricultural use;

  special purpose;

  military facilities, other zones of restricted areas.

Living sector intended for multi-storey buildings. and apartments lived houses, low and medium-rise buildings, ind. lived houses with garden plots.

General affairs zones predn. for placement of healthcare, cultural, trade, catering, everyday life facilities. services, commercial activities, as well as educational institutions of secondary and higher vocational education, administrative, research institutions, religious buildings, parking lots of highways, centers of business, financial and social activity.

Production zones are intended for the placement of industrial, utility and warehouse facilities that ensure the functioning of engineering and transport infrastructures, as well as for the establishment of sanitary protection zones.

Engineering and transport infrastructure zones designed for the placement and operation of structures and communications of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline water transport, as well as communications and engineering equipment.

Recreational areas are organized for recreational areas for the population, including parks, gardens, urban forests, forest parks, beaches and other recreational areas. They may include specially protected natural sites and architectural monuments.

Agricultural use areas occupied by arable land, orchards, vineyards, vegetable gardens, pastures, as well as agricultural buildings, structures and structures.

Special purpose zones for placing cemeteries, crematoria, landfills household waste and other objects, the use of which is incompatible with the use of other types of territorial zones of urban and rural settlements.

Zones of military facilities and other zones of restricted areas are necessary for the placement of objects in respect of which a special regime is established, mainly these are zones of military facilities and zones of sensitive territories and enterprises. The procedure for using these territories is established by special standards and development rules.

Local governments of urban and rural settlements, in accordance with local conditions, can establish other territorial zones, as well as include land plots and other real estate in them.

In territorial zones, subzones can be distinguished, the specifics of their use are determined by urban planning regulations, taking into account the restrictions on their use established by the laws of the Russian Federation - land legislation, on the protection of the natural environment, on the protection of historical and cultural monuments, etc.

Territorial zones may include public areas occupied by squares, streets, driveways, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, ponds and other objects. Public areas in urban and rural settlements are intended to satisfy the public interests of the population. The procedure for using public areas is determined by local governments.

Territorial zones of the Russian Federation are areas that are united by the possibility of development certain objects. Within their limits, the permitted use regimes established by legislative and other laws apply. regulations. Territorial zones settlements where they live a large number of people are called multifunctional. They house warehouse facilities, industrial purposes, public and business development and engineering infrastructure.

Classification

It is carried out depending on the purpose. Thus, territorial zones are distinguished:

1. Residential development.
2. Production.
3. Public and business purposes.
4. Transport and engineering infrastructure.
5. Recreation.
6. Agricultural use.
7. Special purpose.
8. For the placement of military facilities.

Each category has its own designation on general plans and diagrams. In addition to the above list, other types of territorial zones may be established depending on local conditions. The designation of similar areas within each of them may vary. Territorial zones may include streets, roads, embankments, driveways, boulevards, squares, ponds and other objects. Within their boundaries there may also be areas where special urban planning regulations and use restrictions apply.

Residential development

Such territorial zones are used to locate structures of various heights. There may be apartment or individual houses here. Territorial zones of land for residential development may include separate objects of cultural, everyday and social services for citizens, religious buildings, parking lots for vehicles, utility, warehouse, and industrial buildings, the functioning of which is not provided by negative influence on the environment.

Designations

Territorial zone a plot of land intended for residential construction can be identified on general plans and diagrams as follows:

1. Collective gardening – G1.
2. Low-rise cottage-type buildings, blocked or detached individual houses - Zh2.
3. Mixed low-rise buildings – Zh3.
4. Mid-rise buildings – Zh4.
5. Buildings of 9 or more floors - Zh5.

ODZ

Public and business territorial zones are used to locate objects:

Residential buildings, hotels, multi-storey or underground garages can be located within the ODZ. In the general plans, the territorial zone of a land plot for the placement of public and business facilities has the following designations:

1. D – all of the above types of development including residential buildings, engineering infrastructure associated with their maintenance.
2. D1 – multifunctional complexes.
3. D2 – healthcare facilities, secondary and higher vocational education, culture, administrative and research centers, religious buildings.
4. D3 – multifunctional public and business development in newly formed territories.
5. DI - all types of objects specified in the list, including structures for water transport, residential buildings and the infrastructure serving them.
6. Railway – public and business development with the placement of residential areas.

Production location

Industrial territorial zones are used to locate warehouses, utilities, transport and infrastructure facilities that ensure the functioning of enterprises. Owners of production facilities carry out landscaping at their own expense. Sanitary protection zones are established in industrial areas. They are not allowed to accommodate preschool and educational institutions, residential buildings, healthcare facilities, sports and recreation centers, sports complexes, gardening, dacha, horticultural cooperatives and enterprises producing agricultural products. On the general plans, industrial territorial zones are designated:

Additional categories

Production zones include subzones:

1. P1. Here are located industrial enterprises I class of hazard. In these territories, the development of related and auxiliary industries and organizations of a lower level of danger is allowed.
2. P2. Within this subzone, enterprises of hazard class II are located.
3. P3. Here are the organizations related to III class danger.
4. P4. IV class enterprises are located within the boundaries of this subzone. harmfulness.
5. P5. In this territory there are organizations of hazard class V, including those that do not have sanitary protection zones.
6. P6. Utility and storage facilities are located on this territory. These include freight stations, trading/vegetable depots and other facilities.

Within zones P3-P6, it is allowed to locate organizations whose work relates to the production activity being created or carried out. Business institutions usually form the SPZ sector between sources industrial emissions and the beginning of the residential area. The areas of sanitary protection zones for enterprises of classes I-II may be changed in accordance with the decision of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of Russia or his deputy, for production facilities of classes III-V. - by decision of the head physician of the subject or a person authorized by him.

Transport and engineering infrastructure

These territorial zones are used for the placement and operation of structures and communications for road, rail, sea, river, pipeline, air transport and communications, as well as service equipment. Required condition when locating objects, it is necessary to maintain certain distances between them and residential areas, recreational and public-business complexes, as well as other requirements aimed at preventing negative impacts on the environment. If objects act as sources of danger or harmful effects on the health of citizens, they are transferred beyond the boundaries of territorial residential development zones. Improvement of areas intended for the placement of transport and engineering infrastructure facilities is carried out by their owners. The responsibilities of the subjects also include the creation of sanitary protection zones.

Recreational facilities

They are located in the appropriate territories. Within their boundaries there are gardens, parks, an urban forest, beaches and other facilities used for recreation of citizens. Recreational zones may also include valuable and specially protected natural complexes. Within their boundaries, the construction and expansion of functioning warehouse, utility and production facilities is prohibited. Exceptions are facilities used to ensure the operation of recreational and recreational complexes. On general plans, such zones may be indicated:

Agricultural areas

Within the city limits and rural areas arable lands, vineyards, orchards, pastures, vegetable gardens, as well as territories occupied by agricultural buildings, structures, and buildings are distinguished. Agricultural activities can be carried out on these areas until the category of their use is changed in accordance with the development rules and the general plan. Zones may have the following designations:

1. C – agricultural land, greenhouses, nurseries, agricultural production facilities. Engineering and social infrastructure may also be located here.
2. C1 – greenhouses, nurseries, agricultural land.
3. C2 – agricultural production facilities, including utilities, social infrastructure.
4. C3 – summer cottage farming and gardening.

Water areas

International legal acts define the concept of a zone of territorial waters. The key provisions regulating the water area are established in the 1958 UN Convention. In accordance with the document, a distance of 12 miles (22.2 km) is allocated, measured from the line of maximum low tide - the territorial sea - the adjacent zone to the continental part of the state. In Russia its width is set at 12 miles. About 30 countries adhere to the previous 3 mile limit. The entire area of ​​the territorial sea, its subsoil and bottom, air space above it belong to the coastal state. At the same time, according to the Convention, the right to innocent passage is recognized foreign ships in this water area. This provision is a compromise solution to the issue of state sovereignty and the interests of international navigation. The passage will be considered peaceful if the security and good order of the coastal country are not disturbed. Vessel traffic foreign countries must be carried out continuously and quickly. When passing, ships are required to comply with the rules of the coastal country established in accordance with international regulations.

ZTR

In the Russian Federation there are zones territorial development, the formation of which is regulated by federal legislation. The definition of ZTR is established in paragraph 1 of Art. 2 Federal Law No. 392. It is a part of the territory of a region of the country in which residents are provided with government support measures. ZTR are formed to accelerate the development of the corresponding region in social and economic terms. Creation favorable conditions aimed at attracting investment. Territorial economic zones are formed within one MO. It is allowed to create ZTR in several municipalities if they act as urban districts or administrative districts. At the same time, municipalities can border each other, but must be located in the same region. ZTR lines are determined by the limits municipalities on which they are located.

Functional zoning

It is carried out to ensure the rational formation of the spatial and planning structure of the area. The establishment of functional zones greatly helps to prevent the negative impact of those existing on the territory production factors on public health. The following terrain categories are distinguished:

1. Residential. It is intended to accommodate residential areas, green spaces, and community centers.
2. Industrial. Manufacturing enterprises are located within its boundaries.
3. Communal and warehouse. It is intended for depots, garages, cargo storage areas and other similar facilities.
4. Recreational. There are parks, beaches and other places for short-term recreation for citizens.

Also within the settlement, an external transport zone is provided for freight and passenger stations, piers, and so on. In addition, areas located outside the development boundaries are provided within the city limits. There are tree nurseries, farmsteads, cemeteries, as well as reserve areas that are temporarily used for various purposes. All areas that belong to the city are limited to the boundaries of the settlement.

Suburb

In large settlements in the territories adjacent to them, special zone. The suburb is necessary to ensure further development cities. Mainly commercial service facilities are located here. A suburb can influence the microclimate of a locality. On its territory there can be fruit and vegetable depots, farms and other agricultural facilities that provide citizens with food. The suburb is also a holiday destination. Children's camps, summer cottages, sanatoriums, and boarding houses are often located here. In addition, utility facilities and processing plants are located in the suburbs. There is a forest park belt in all suburban areas. In accordance with the profile of the city, other areas may be allocated in the structure. For example, in settlements with a scientific focus, a zone is provided research institutes, universities, design bureaus. In large urban settlements, residential and industrial areas are allocated. The latter essentially combines municipal-warehouse and industrial zones. Special meaning has competent terrain planning. All zones should be located taking into account territorial development, the need and possibility of creating sanitary protection zones and gaps between residential areas and industrial facilities.

Zoning of territories of urban and rural settlements. Types of territorial zones. Urban planning documentation

Zoning of territories of settlements. Types of territorial zones.

According to Art. 7 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, lands of settlements are included in the composition of lands in the Russian Federation.

Lands of settlements lands used and intended for construction and development of human settlements are recognized.

According to Art. 85 Land Code of the Russian Federation, art. 35 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the composition of the lands of settlements may include land plots, classified in accordance with urban planning regulations to the following territorial zones:

1. 1. residential;
   2. social and business;
   3. production;
   4. engineering and transport infrastructures;
   5. recreational;
   6. agricultural use;
   7. special purpose;
   8. military facilities;
   9. other territorial zones.

Land plots within residential zones are intended for development with residential buildings, as well as cultural, community and other facilities. Residential zones can be intended for individual residential development, low-rise mixed residential development, mid-rise mixed residential development and multi-storey residential development, as well as other types of development in accordance with urban planning regulations.

Composition of residential areas

Residential areas may include:

1. 1. individual development zones residential buildings;
   2. development zones with low-rise residential buildings;
   3. development zones with mid-rise residential buildings;
   4. development zones with multi-storey residential buildings;
   5. residential areas of other types.

In residential areas, it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached facilities for social and public utility purposes, healthcare facilities, preschool, primary and secondary general education facilities, religious buildings, parking lots, garages, facilities related to the residence of citizens and not providing services. negative impact on the environment. Residential zones may also include areas intended for gardening and summer cottage farming.

Land plots as part of public and business zones intended for development administrative buildings, educational, cultural, social, and other objects intended for public use in accordance with urban planning regulations.

Composition of public and business zones

Public and business zones may include:

1. 1. zones for business, public and commercial purposes;
   2. zones for the placement of social and public utility facilities;
   3. service areas for facilities necessary for production and entrepreneurial activity;
   4. public and business zones of other types.

Public and business zones are intended to accommodate healthcare, cultural, trade, Catering, social and municipal purposes, business activities, secondary vocational and higher education, administrative, research institutions, religious buildings, parking lots, business and financial facilities, and other facilities related to ensuring the livelihoods of citizens.

The list of capital construction projects permitted for placement in public and business zones may include residential buildings, hotels, underground or multi-story garages.

Land plots within production zones are intended for development with industrial, utility, warehouse, and other production facilities intended for these purposes in accordance with urban planning regulations.

Composition of production zones, engineering and transport infrastructure zones

Production zones, engineering and transport infrastructure zones may include:

1. 1. communal zones - zones for the placement of communal and warehouse facilities, housing and communal services facilities, transport facilities, wholesale trade facilities;
   2. production zones - zones where production facilities are located with different environmental impact standards;
   3. other types of production, engineering and transport infrastructure.

Production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures are intended for the placement of industrial, municipal and warehouse facilities, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, including structures and communications of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, as well as for the establishment of sanitary -protection zones of such objects in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.

Land plots as part of engineering and transport infrastructure zones are intended for construction of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, engineering infrastructure, as well as other facilities in accordance with urban planning regulations.

Land plots included recreational areas , including land plots occupied by urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, are used for recreation and tourism.

Within the boundaries of populated areas, zones of specially protected territories may be allocated, which include land plots that have special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other particularly valuable significance.

Composition of recreational zones

Recreational zones may include zones within the boundaries of territories occupied by urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, coastal strips water bodies public use, as well as within the boundaries of other territories used and intended for recreation, tourism, activities physical culture and sports.

Land plots within agricultural use zones in populated areas - land plots occupied by arable land, perennial plantings, as well as buildings, structures, structures for agricultural purposes - are used for the purpose of conducting agricultural production until the type of their use changes in accordance with master plans settlements and land use and development rules.

Composition of agricultural use zones

Agricultural use zones may include:

1. 1. zones of agricultural land - arable lands, hayfields, pastures, fallow lands, lands occupied by perennial plantings (orchards, vineyards and others);
   2. zones occupied by agricultural objects and intended for Agriculture, country farming, gardening, personal subsidiary farming, development of agricultural facilities.

Territorial zones established within the boundaries of populated areas may include zones of agricultural use (including zones of agricultural land), as well as zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, dacha farming, gardening, and development of agricultural facilities.

Public land plots occupied by squares, streets, driveways, highways, embankments, squares, boulevards, water bodies, beaches and other objects, may be included in various territorial zones and are not subject to privatization.

The boundaries of territorial zones must meet the requirements that each land plot belongs to only one zone.

Territorial zones may include zones of specially protected territories containing land plots of special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other particularly valuable significance.

Included in special purpose zones may include zones occupied by cemeteries, crematoria, cattle burial grounds, consumer waste disposal facilities and other objects, the placement of which can only be ensured by allocating these zones and is unacceptable in other territorial zones.

Territorial zones may include areas for military installations and other special purpose zones.

Urban planning documentation

See Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated October 29, 2002 N 150 “On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for development, coordination, examination and approval of urban planning documentation”

The main urban planning documentation includes:

1. 1. land use and development rules;
   2. town planning regulations.
      

Land use and development rules (Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) - a document of urban planning zoning, which is approved by regulatory legal acts of local governments, regulatory legal acts of bodies state power subjects of the Russian Federation - cities federal significance Moscow and St. Petersburg and which establishes territorial zones, urban planning regulations, the procedure for applying such a document and the procedure for making changes to it.

The land use and development rules establish urban planning regulations for each territorial zone individually, taking into account the characteristics of its location and development, as well as the possibility of territorial combination various types use of land plots (residential, public and business, industrial, recreational and other types of land use).

Town planning regulations (Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) - established within the boundaries of the corresponding territorial zone