Nizhny Novgorod province - an administrative-territorial unit of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR, which existed in 1714-1929. Provincial city - Nizhny Novgorod.
The Nizhny Novgorod province bordered on the following provinces: in the west - with Vladimir, in the north - with Kostroma and Vyatka, in the east - with Kazan and Simbirsk, in the south - with Penza and Tambov.
History of the formation of the Nizhny Novgorod province
During the provincial division of 1708, carried out in the course of the regional reforms of Peter I, Nizhny Novgorod was included in the Kazan province. Since January 1714, the northwestern part of its territory was allocated to the Nizhny Novgorod province. In addition to Nizhny Novgorod, the province included the cities of Alatyr, Arzamas, Balakhna, Vasilsursk, Gorokhovets, Kurmysh, Yuryevets, Yadrin with adjacent territories. In 1717, the province was abolished, the territories returned to the Kazan province, but two years later, by decree of Peter I of 01/01/01, the Nizhny Novgorod province was again recreated.
During the administrative reform of Catherine II in 1778, the territories of the Nizhny Novgorod province first became part of the Ryazan governorate, and in 1779 the Nizhny Novgorod governorship was established, which included the old Nizhny Novgorod governorate, as well as parts of the Ryazan and Volodymyr (Vladimir) governorships and part of the Kazan governorate. Under Paul I, the reverse renaming took place: governorships were renamed into provinces.
In October 1797, the size of the Nizhny Novgorod province was increased due to the territories received during the division of the Penza province. After the accession of Alexander I to the throne on September 9, 1801, the Penza province was restored to its previous extent.
When the Nizhny Novgorod governorate was formed in 1779, it was divided into 13 districts. In 1796, when the governorship became a province, the Knyagininsky, Makaryevsky, Pochinkovsky, Pyansk-Perevozsky and Sergachsky districts were abolished. In 1804, Knyagininsky, Makaryevsky and Sergachsky districts were restored. As a result, until 1917, the Nizhny Novgorod province included 11 districts:
Additional materials on the Nizhny Novgorod province
№ | County | County town | Area, verst | Population (1897), people |
Ardatovsky | Ardatov (3546 people) | 5288,0 | 141 625 |
|
Arzamas | Arzamas (10,592 people) | 3307,1 | 138 785 |
|
Balakhninsky | Balakhna (5120 people) | 3688,6 | 141 694 |
|
Vasilsursky | Vasilsursk (3799 people) | 3365,9 | 127 333 |
|
Gorbatovsky | Gorbatov (4604 people) | 3190,1 | 134 160 |
|
Knyagininsky | Knyaginin (2737 people) | 2595,5 | 106 191 |
|
Lukoyanovsky | Lukoyanov (2117 people) | 5127,5 | 193 454 |
|
Makarievsky | Makaryev (1560 people) | 6568,2 | 108 994 |
|
Nizhny Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod (90,053 people) | 3208,2 | 222 033 |
|
Semyonovsky | Semenov (3752 people) | 5889,2 | 111 388 |
|
Sergachsky | Sergach (4530 people) | 2808,4 | 159 117 |
After the revolution of 1917, the composition of the Nizhny Novgorod province underwent significant changes.
- 1918 - Gorbatovsky district was renamed Pavlovsky. Voskresensky district was formed. 1920 - Makaryevsky district was renamed Lyskovsky. 1921 - Balakhninsky district was renamed Gorodetsky. Vyksa, Pochinkovsky and Sormovsky districts were formed. 1922 - Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts were added to the province Kostroma province, 6 volosts of the abolished Koverninsky district of the Kostroma province; almost the entire Kurmysh district Simbirsk province, 4 volosts of Tambov province. The Kanavinsky working district was formed. 1923 - Ardatovsky, Varnavinsky, Vasilsursky, Voskresensky, Knyaginsky, Kurmyshsky and Pochinkovsky districts were abolished. Krasnobakovsky district was formed. 1924 - four volosts were transferred to the Mari Autonomous Region, one volost to the North Dvina province. The Balakhninsky and Rastyapinsky working districts were formed. Sormovsky district was transformed into a working district.
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In the period from 1714 to 1719, by decree of Peter I, a regional reform was carried out, within the framework of which new separate entities were identified. On the basis of this decree, the Nizhny Novgorod province was removed from the Kazan province and made an independent unit with its center in Nizhny Novgorod.
Stages of formation
Administrative division in 1708 led to the annexation of Nizhny Novgorod to the Kazan province. Six years later, its northwestern part was separated into a separate independent Nizhny Novgorod province. Just three years after its formation, it was again annexed to Kazan. It received final independence on May 29, 1719. During the period from the seventeenth to the eighteenth centuries, various crafts actively developed here. The effective plowing of new lands, the establishment of a social division of labor, and the development of a commodity-money economy brought the province to a new level.
Local crafts
Most of the residents were involved in the production of potash. This chemical was then used in soap making, glass and paint production, and in the manufacture of gunpowder. Arzamas district was the center of its production. The villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province were also famous for their skilled blacksmiths and carpenters. The inhabitants of Balakhna mainly worked on shipbuilding and were engaged in salt production. The villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province included several villages. For example, the village of Bogorodskoye included nine villages at once, each of which was famous for its noble tanners. Industry was also actively developing in the region. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, a large anchor plant was built on the territory of the Gorodets volost. In the middle of this century, the iron and cast iron factories of Demidov began their work. Main industrial center was Nizhny Novgorod. Here they were engaged in rope production, shipbuilding, metalworking, leather dressing, brewing, malt production, brick and steel production and much more. The province was also famous for its good merchants, who carried out deliveries to various cities and even reached Siberia.
Composition of counties before the 1917 revolution
In 1779, the government decided to create the Nizhny Novgorod governorate, which would include thirteen districts. In 1796, the governorship ceased to exist, and the Nizhny Novgorod province was formed. This change led to the abolition of the Knyagininsky, Makaryevsky, Sergachsky, Pochinkovsky and Pyansk-Perevozsky districts. Eight years later, the first three were restored. As a result, at the time of the 1917 revolution, the Nizhny Novgorod province consisted of eleven districts. The largest of them was Nizhny Novgorod district with a population of 90,053 people. Arzamas and Balakhninsky districts were also among the top three with a population of 10,592 and 5,120 people, respectively. Next came Gorbatovsky, Sergachsky, Vasilsursky, Semenovsky and Ardatovsky districts. The smallest districts were Knyagininsky, Lukoyanovsky and Makaryevsky districts.
Post-revolutionary life of Nizhny Novgorod residents
After a year, the Nizhny Novgorod province was enriched with new districts. Counties were not only added, but also partially renamed. 1918 is the date of renaming Gorbatovsky district to Pavlovsky. At the same time, Voskresensky district was formed. Two years later, as a result of the renaming of Makarievsky, Lyskovsky district appeared. 1921 led to the formation of three more - Vyskunsky, Pochinkovsky and Sormovsky. Also this year, Balakhninsky district began to be called Gorodetsky. A year later, the Nizhny Novgorod province took under its wing two districts and 6 Kostroma volosts, almost the entire Kurmysh district, as well as four volosts that previously belonged to Tambov. Such large-scale territorial changes led to the creation of the Kanavinsky working district. The emergence of new counties contributed to the abolition of old ones and their annexation and merger with larger ones. This is how Pochinkovsky, Kurmyshsky, Knyagininsky, Voskresensky, Vasilsursky, Varnavinsky and Artdatovsky districts went down in history. Krasnobakovsky district appeared this year. In 1924, four volosts became part of the Mari Autonomous Region. The North Dvina province expanded by one volost, which separated from Nizhny Novgorod. As for the formation of new subjects, they became the Rastyapinsky and Balakhninsky working districts. Also in 1924, Somovsky district was transformed into a working district. As a result of post-revolutionary changes, in 1926 the Nizhny Novgorod province included eleven counties and four districts.
Nowhere in Russian Empire there was no more developed handicraft industry than in Nizhny Novgorod lands. IN pre-revolutionary time There were a huge number of publications describing this activity. The three-volume book “Nizhny Novgorod Province on Research of the Provincial Zemstvo” is considered the most striking and significant for history. His second volume thoroughly describes all the intricacies of the handicraft industry in this part of Russia. It is not only the content of the book that attracts attention, but also its execution. Turning the pages, the reader encounters a huge number of unique illustrations. They depict most of the production, from the initial burning of coal to the most complex creations of skilled blacksmiths.
Memo to a contemporary
Today, almost every contemporary is trying to collect maximum amount information about your origin. Find out if a person born in the current Nizhny Novgorod region, To noble class, or his ancestors were simple artisans, the genealogical book of the Nizhny Novgorod province helps. You can find out online via " United Center Genealogy,” or contact your local archive. Pedigree books describe employees various structures. From here you can find out what position the ancestor held: a doctor or a postman, a judge, or maybe a forester. The data on the site is presented for 1847, 1855, 1864 and 1891. You can also look for information about your origin in address books and calendars.
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Maps of Nizhny Novgorod province
Detailed ancient maps of the Nizhny Novgorod province (region) 20th century, 19th century, 18th century
The date of formation of the Nizhny Novgorod province is 1779. It included 3 provinces (Nizhny Novgorod, Alatyr and Arzamas) and 6 counties. The population at the beginning of the 20th century was 1,799,500 people, and the total area of the territory was 51,252 km 2.
In our electronic library Maps of the Nizhny Novgorod province are available. We are digitizers vintage maps, survey maps and economic notes - write orders by email!
View more details and for free (everything on the current page is paid)
Available:
4 layouts without a year.(Makaryevsky district)
Non-topographic map of reading institutions. The scale is set by eye. The scale is 1 inch = 4 versts or 1 cm = 1680 m.
The map is monocolor, non-detailed. There is no collection sheet as it is unnecessary.
- see sample map
See sample | prefabricated sheet
Ardatovsky district
quantity: 19 A3 files (in five parts), the county is made along the borders of Catherine
See sample | prefabricated sheetArzamas district
quantity: 18 A3 files (in five parts), the county is made along the borders of Pavel
See sample | prefabricated sheetBalakhninsky district
quantity: 12 A3 files (in three parts), there are two versions of the map of Balakhninsky district varying degrees safety
Gorbatovsky district
quantity: 12 A3 files, there are two versions of the map of Gobatovsky district of varying degrees of preservation, the meaning of the second version of the map of Gorbatovsky district is to correspond to the numbers from the EP
See sample | prefabricated sheetLukoyanovsky district
quantity: 16 A3 files (in four parts) in those borders when the map of Lukoyanovsky district partially included Pochinkovsky district with the city of Pochinki and did not border with Sergachsky, at the border with which there were Knyagininsky district and Arzamas district
See sample | prefabricated sheetPochinkovsky district
quantity: 16 A3 files (in four parts)
Economic notes of Gorbatovsky district, alphabet of Mende dachas
Economic notes of Balakhninsky district, alphabet of Mende dachas
quantity: about 100 sheets, handwritten, useful for 100% linking of dachas to the map of Mende of the Nizhny Novgorod province
Expected:
-General survey plan Nizhny Novgorod province on a scale of 1 inch = 1-2 versts
Year of publication - approximately 1790s.
-Non-topographical map, color
To order PGM - inventory according to RGADA:
Provincial map m-4 c. Nizhny Novgorod province
Map of the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty (for the 13th uyezd) Nizhny Novgorod province
Same m-8 v. Nizhny Novgorod province
Provincial map (for 10 districts) m-4 c. Nizhny Novgorod province 1798
The same (unfinished) Nizhny Novgorod province
"Map for the passage of troops - Nizhny Novgorod province" m-10 century. Nizhny Novgorod province 1799
Provincial map m-16th century. Nizhny Novgorod province
Map of Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod provinces with their districts m-24 century. Nizhny Novgorod province
General district plan m-1 c. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district 1791
The same - 2nd copy. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
General district plan m-1 c. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district 179..
District map m-4 v. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
The same (rough) m-4 c. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
District map m-8 v. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
The same - 2nd copy. m-8 c. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
General district plan (atlas) in 5 parts. Part 1 m-2 v. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
Part 2 Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
continuation >>>
To order an EP - inventory according to RGADA:
1. Brief provincial report card. 1 Tables No. 788-792 have different data for the Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
2. Same. 1 Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
3. Same. 1800 1 Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
4. Same. 1 Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
5. Same. 1 Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
6. Alphabet of dachas in thirteen counties. 64 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
7. Alphabet of villages, churchyards, etc. settlements indicating their distance from the provincial and district cities, the amount of church land, etc. 58 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province (1784-1797).
8. Economic notes for 268 dachas (dacha numbers 221-268 were added later), alphabets of dachas and owners and time sheets. m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
9. Economic notes on 220 dachas. 40 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
10. Alphabets of dachas and owners. 8 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
11. Alphabets of owners. 4 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
12. Alphabets of dachas and owners. 1800 24 m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
13. Brief report card. 1 Nizhny Novgorod province Ardatov district
14. Economic notes for 331 dachas (dacha numbers 320-331 were added later), alphabets of dachas and owners and time sheets. m.f. Nizhny Novgorod province Arzamas district
1714 Peter's era. The Russian fleet crushes the Swedish enemy at Gangut. The whole country is working for victory. A special role is assigned to the city at the confluence of the Volga and Oka. It was then that Nizhny Novgorod became the largest commercial and industrial center. It was during that period that the Nizhny Novgorod province was born. Very soon our region will celebrate the 300th anniversary of this glorious date, on the eve of which it is useful to remember the most Interesting Facts from the life of that era.
Trial and error method
The previous stage of Peter's reform, which began in 1708, turned out to be unsuccessful: the initially created eight provinces, huge in area, were poorly managed, since the connection between the provincial centers and the remote outskirts was too weak, and the means of communication were very imperfect. By 1714, it was decided to separate the independent Nizhny Novgorod province from the largest Kazan province. On this, at the behest of Peter I, a decree was adopted, signed by four senators on January 26, old style (February 6, new style):
"Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Pyotr Alekseevich, the autocrat of all great and small and white Russia, indicated: There will be a special province of Nizhny Novgorod. It contains the cities: Nizhny, Alatyr, Balakhna, Murom, Arzamas, Gorokhovets, Yuryev Povolsky, Kurmysh, Vasil, Yadrin. The governor should be Andrei Petrov, son of Izmailov, and about this to Andrei, and for the knowledge of the Kazan governor, send the Great Sovereign decrees. And that in that Nizhny Novgorod province, separately in the cities of the yard number, both salary and non-salary, time-sheet and other income incomes in addition to the time-sheet, send news about that to the Senate office.”
The province included Nizhny Novgorod and others major centers Volga-Oka interfluve: Balakhna, Arzamas, Kurmysh, Vasil (now Vasilsursk), as well as the cities of Yuryevets and Yadrin. Alatyr, Murom, Gorokhovets, lower reaches of the Kerzhenets and Vetluga rivers.
The creation of the province was based on the principle of military division of the territory of the state in order to assign certain regiments to them and oblige them to provide people and funds for their maintenance.
It is noteworthy that reform in those days often took place using the “trial and error” method. In 1717, the Nizhny Novgorod province was abolished, the territories returned to the Kazan province, and two years later, by decree of Peter I of May 29, 1719, the independence of the Nizhny Novgorod province was restored. It was divided into 3 provinces: Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas and Alatyr. Had 9 cities. It extended from north to south for 250 versts.
During the reign of Catherine II, the viceroyalty was established - a larger administrative formation. In 1797, it again received the name “Nizhny Novgorod Province”, but now it included only 11 district units: Nizhny Novgorod, Ardatovsky, Arzamassky, Balakhninsky, Vasilsky, Gorbatovsky, Knyagininsky, Lukoyanovsky, Makaryevsky, Semenovsky, Sergachsky. The counties were divided into 252 volosts. This administrative-territorial division did not change until 1917. Until the 1920s, the territory close to the modern borders of the region (except for the northern regions) did not change.
In 1929, regional, regional and district divisions were introduced in the USSR. Was educated Nizhny Novgorod region(since 1932 - Gorkovsky), and Nizhny Novgorod becomes the regional center.
With acceptance new Constitution USSR 1936 Mari and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics gained independence. The Gorky Territory was renamed a region. In the early 1990s, it again received the name Nizhny Novgorod.
In the government service
The governing bodies created for the new province were based on previous experience (albeit creatively revised taking into account pan-European practice). At the head of the region was a governor, placed under the supreme supervision of the Senate, and in fact controlled directly by the sovereign. The governor ruled the region with the help of advisers - Landrats, elected by the local nobility; the number of landrats ranged from 8 to 12. Under the governor there were also landrichters (for the court on land matters), chief commandants and commandants (for military affairs). Thus, not only civil, but also military power was concentrated in the hands of the governor.
The province was divided into provinces, headed by zemstvo commissars. By the way, the terminology borrowed from the recently annexed Baltic lands did not take root well in the Russian “outback”: provinces were still called districts, zemstvo commissars - voivodes...
All officials in the province, according to the decree of 1764, were approved by the governor.
Nizhny Novgorod governors at first had the prefix “vice-,” which indicated small sizes provinces.
As local historian Dmitry Smirnov writes, Nizhny Novgorod residents were literally drowning in an ocean of new words and concepts. In place of the usual “boyars”, “stewards”, “voivodes” came “vice-governor”, “president”, “prefect”, “burgomaster”, “ratman”, “auditor” and even the completely unpronounceable “landgevding” (position, close to the governor). People also heard about such things as “vacancy”, “tariff”, “assignment”, “nation”.
The transformations entailed a change in the appearance of the provincial center. The Kremlin has especially changed. A stone building for the vice-governor was erected next to the Archangel Cathedral. The building of the provincial chancellery appeared in the center of the Kremlin square. Nearby there was a court court, a “camera office” (in charge of financial affairs), “serf office” (modern notary chamber). At the Lower Bazaar (now Kozhevennaya Street), everyone’s attention was drawn to the huge new brick building of the magistrate.
In all these newly established “public places” the activities prescribed by “instructions” and “regulations” began. Having established the “Table of Ranks” for middle and senior officials, that is, the career ladder of salaries, ranks and awards, Peter temporarily left the old order titles of “secretaries” and “clerks” for the junior clerical fraternity. They received an annual payment for their service in money and bread: the first article - 60 rubles and 30 quarters of grain; the middle and junior article are 40 and 20 rubles, respectively, grain - 20 and 10 quarters. “Such a meager salary also determined the direction of “official interests,” writes Dmitry Smirnov. - All clerical clerks, while on public service, they sought not so much to work as to “earn money”... As soon as a new visitor showed up at the door, the clerks’ palms began to itch in anticipation of the possibility of taking something out of the newcomer’s pockets. “Proceeds from business,” simply put, bribery, reached terrifying proportions in Nizhny Novgorod government service places during Peter’s time.”
The sovereign, driven out of patience by the abuse of provincial officials, began to prepare for harsh war with "predators". He chose, in his opinion, reliable guard soldiers and sent them to all governorates to oversee the actions of officials. By the way, in the Nizhny Novgorod province the effect was stunning: the guardsman-auditor managed to convict the vice-governor Rzhevsky himself of theft. However, we will talk about this below.
Since 1837, lieutenant governors became assistant governors. The governor-general was appointed by special election and not to all provinces, but only to those where special trust and independence in decision-making were required. In the Nizhny Novgorod province, the governor-general was appointed during the fairs.
From March to December 1917, power in the province was exercised by the provincial commissar of the Provisional Government.
IN Soviet period, from December 1917 to August 1991, the chairmen of the provincial (regional) Soviets of Working People's Deputies should be recognized as governors.
Since August 1991, the regions began to be governed by representatives of the President of the RSFSR, then by the President of the Russian Federation.
After the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in December 1993, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, as throughout the country, the institution of governorship began to be revived.
Governor's affairs
The first Nizhny Novgorod governor was Andrei Izmailov. He did not have time to show himself with anything special, except for an obscure order to burn the floating bridge across the Oka. Stepan Putyatin, who replaced him, was also no different high-profile cases. During his reign there was a great fire in Nizhny Novgorod on June 25, 1715. Soon after this he died. There was no replacement for him, and the province was again subordinated to the Kazan governor Saltykov.
The above-mentioned Yuri Rzhevsky arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1718 at the head of a detachment sent by Peter I to help Bishop Pitirim, who was eradicating the Old Believers. Pitirim, pleased with the actions of the captain-lieutenant, in March 1719 sent a request to St. Petersburg that “Rzhevsky in Nizhny should immediately become vice-governor.” Just at this time a new one was being prepared administrative reform. As a result, according to the decree of Peter I “On the organization of provinces” dated May 29, 1719, Nizhny Novgorod received its own special governor (in official documents he is called the "Lieutenant Governor").
In 1722, Rzhevsky “built a shipyard” in Nizhny Novgorod. Together with Bishop Pitirim, he contributed to the completion of the Alekseevskaya Church, where he made a rich contribution in memory of his parents.
In 1725, Rzhevsky was accused by Major General Saltykov, who led the general audit (census) in the Nizhny Novgorod province, of problems with tax collection. In January next year The Senate removed Rzhevsky from office. He was summoned to St. Petersburg, where he remained until July 1727, until Peter II, by his decree, allowed him to return to his duties. In 1728, the investigation into the Rzhevsky case was resumed. He was forced to leave his post and at the end of 1728 left Nizhny Novgorod forever.
Lieutenant Colonel Fyodor Khvostov, who took the governor's post, held it for less than a year. Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin spent even less time in the governor’s chair, from February to March 1730. As soon as he arrived in the province, he received an order from the newly reigned Anna Ioannovna to surrender the governorship and go to live in their distant villages.
Under Governor Ivan Volynsky, the first assembly (a dance evening in the European style) was held in Nizhny Novgorod in 1734. In 1735 and 1737, two huge fires occurred in the provincial center. On December 16, 1736, in St. Petersburg, a verbal decree from Anna Ioannovna was announced to the Senate that elk, bison, and deer were needed for the royal menagerie. In this regard, mass round-ups of moose were carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod province. 60 live moose were sent to St. Petersburg.
Then the region was led by Prince Semyon Gagarin (1740−1742), Prince Daniil Drutsky (1742−1752), Alexander Panin (1753−1756), Maxim Baksheev (1757−1762), Sergei Izmailov (1762−1764).
Under Yakov Arshenevsky (1764−1770), Nizhny Novgorod was visited by Catherine II, who was dissatisfied with the state of the governor’s household. In a letter to Panin, she noted that “the governor’s house, office and archive” “everything is either on its side or close to it.” She was also dissatisfied with the development of Nizhny Novgorod. On April 13, 1768, a decree was issued to draw up a precise plan of the city, and then, based on it, to develop a project for a new “correct” development.
This project was created in 1770 by the St. Petersburg Commission on the structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow. Arshenevsky himself also participated in its preparation. The governor traveled to St. Petersburg for preliminary review project sketches and consultations. The plan was approved by Catherine II in Tsarskoe Selo on April 13, 1770. It provided for the construction of direct wide streets, radiating from the Dmitrievskaya Tower of the Kremlin. Death prevented Arshenevsky from starting its implementation.
Under Andrei Kvashnin-Samarin (1770-1773), Nizhny Novgorod experienced terrible epidemic plague (September 1 - December 20, 1771), when 4,000 people died.
His follower in the gubernatorial post, Alexei Stupishin, also had a difficult fate. He had to defend the city from the troops of Emelyan Pugachev. Also under him, in 1775, a place was allocated on Varvarsky Field for the first citywide cemetery (before that, the deceased were buried at the churches of which they were parishioners). The Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul was also erected there (1781).
After the opening of the Nizhny Novgorod governorship on September 9, 1779, Stupishin was appointed Nizhny Novgorod governor. At the same time, he handed over the post of Nizhny Novgorod governor to Fedor Obukhov.
In 1782, by order of Stupishin, the compilation of a postal map of all Nizhny Novgorod roads began. Was also compiled new plan reconstruction of Nizhny Novgorod. It was planned to build stone public places, palaces for the top officials of the governorship, military barracks, a police station, and a treasury. Most of These buildings were erected in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.
In 1783, Alexey Alekseevich was dismissed from the post of Nizhny Novgorod governor and appointed governor-general of Vladimir, receiving the rank of general-in-chief.
Under the next governor Ivan Rebinder (1783-1 March 1792) construction was completed administrative buildings in the Kremlin. Public offices (1785), the vice-governor's palace (1788), and a bank assignation office (1786) were erected. The Main Public School was opened in Nizhny Novgorod (1785), Lyskovsky Public School (1787). A provincial printing house was established in the building of the Government Offices (1791).
Mikhail Kakhovsky (1792−1796) was simultaneously the governor-general of Penza and Nizhny Novgorod. In 1794, he was entrusted with command of the troops in the Crimea, retaining the rank of governor-general.
Further governors were Andrei Vyazemsky, Fyodor Obukhov, Ivan Belavin. During the last of them it was carried out general survey territory of Nizhny Novgorod. Each homeowner received a plot of land, which was plotted on the plan. It was accompanied by a “possessory decree.” One copy of it was kept by the owner, another by the court, and a third by the city commandant, who exercised day-to-day supervision over the correctness and timeliness of development (if the site was not developed within five years, it was taken away).
After the short governorship of Andrei Lvov, Egor Kudryavtsev, transferred from Tambov, arrived in Nizhny Novgorod to this position.
The next governor, Andrei Runovsky, paid a lot of attention to the improvement of Nizhny Novgorod. Among his achievements are the construction of a new almshouse, the formation of the zemstvo army in 1806, and the organization of quarantines at the Makaryevskaya fair. But his main task was the creation of a militia in the terrible year of 1812.
Stepan Bykhovets (1813−1819), who became the next governor, was entirely under the influence of vice-governor Alexander Kryukov (he would be the first person of the province from 1819 to 1827).
Over the next four years, Nikolai Krivtsov, Ivan Khrapovitsky, and Illarion Bibikov succeeded one after another as governor. But the next governor, Mikhail Buturlin, was especially memorable in history. It was he who became the prototype of Gogol's hero in The Government Inspector.
The creation of the first water supply network in Nizhny Novgorod is associated with the time of the governorship of Lieutenant General Mikhail Urusov (1843−1855).
Fyodor Annenkov (1855−1856), who served as governor for less than a year, was replaced by Alexander Muravyov. For a long time, he left behind as a reminder the Gothic clock tower built on the high bank of the Oka River, which Nizhny Novgorod residents called the “Muravyevskaya Tower”.
After him, the governors were Alexei Odintsov (1861−1873), Pavel Kutaisov (1873−1880), Nikolai Bezak (1880−1882).
Colorful historical figure was the governor Nikolai Baranov (1882−1897). The hungry year of 1891 fell on his reign.
The next governor, Pavel Unterberger, also had to ask the government for help during the famine years. Besides, he already had to fight revolutionary sentiments in society. The same task faced his followers - Mikhail Shramchenko and Alexey Khvostov.
The governor's seat remained vacant for quite a long time. Then it was taken over by Viktor Borzenko. He was remembered by his contemporaries for his unsuccessful attempts to combat drunkenness. Together with Chief of Police Frimerman, he came up with the idea of placing a policeman (“supervisor”) in each tavern, charging him with the duty of not allowing secret libations.
The last Nizhny Novgorod governor before the events of 1917 was Alexey Girs. He had the difficult task of relocating factories evacuated during the war to the region. We cannot forget the merit in preparing the ground for the creation of a state university in Nizhny Novgorod. Girs was shot by local security officers in the fall of 1918.
New Horizons
...Nizhny Novgorod province (region, region) in the Soviet period is a separate page in its history. Everyone knows that during these years it was created great country. Nizhny Novgorod has become its powerful industrial hub. GAZ, Krasnoe Sormovo, Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant, Sokol, RUMO and other plants are the strength of our industry. We are proud of her, as well as our figures in science, culture, sports, etc.
Now we live in new Russia, in the new Nizhny Novgorod region. Every year, governors, together with Nizhny Novgorod residents, achieve new successes. We have a new planetarium, a circus, sports and recreation centers are being built, the metro has reached the mountainous part of the city... Surely, in a few centuries, our ancestors will also remember all these achievements, and they will also respect them, just as we today respect the history of the first three hundred years of the existence of our province.
Text: Corr. Alexander Mikhailov