Alcoholic behavior before binge drinking. Basics of alcoholic psychology

Alcohol poisoning in Russia is the most common among other poisonings. It accounts for about 60% of deaths. An even larger part deaths comes before rendering medical care in 95% - 98% of cases.

Most alcoholic drinks contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol). This chemical substance is colorless, volatile, flammable, quickly spreads throughout the body and is absorbed into the blood, penetrating membranes.

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Alcohol poisoning is divided into 3 types according to the condition:

Alcohol intoxication (mild, moderate, severe, coma)

Not big violation consciousness, initially an elevated mood and excitement appear, then a slowdown in activity and excitement begins, a depressed state comes next, the person’s consciousness slows down, becomes sleepy and sluggish.

• Alcohol poisoning
• The state is lethargic, lethargic, drowsy, coma develops.
• Alcohol intoxication
• Toxic effect ethanol breakdown products on the human body.

Organ damage and its symptoms:

Gastrointestinal tract - damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine, diarrhea occurs due to impaired absorption of water and minerals, as well as fats, with a decrease in the amount of the enzyme responsible for the absorption of lactose. Symptoms of intoxication occur in the form of nausea and vomiting with a toxic effect on the nervous system. When the nervous system is damaged, bretina, hallucinations, mental agitation, impaired coordination, attention, memory, speech, and impaired thermoregulation occur. The pupils dilate.

The effect of ethanol occurs on the nervous system, and metabolism is disrupted nerve cells with the occurrence of oxygen starvation. Intoxication of ethanol breakdown products affects ketone bodies, acetate, and acetaldehyde.

When ethanol affects the cardiovascular system, the heart rate increases, blood pressure decreases, dizziness and loss of strength occur, while the skin turns pale and the face turns red.

The respiratory system is affected causing metabolic disorders with the development of cerebral edema. Acute respiratory failure appears, the tongue sinks in with a reflex spasm of the larynx. Breathing becomes rapid.

Damage to the kidneys by ethanol and a violation of the water-salt balance, while the symptoms of alcohol poisoning manifest themselves in the form of frequent urination or rare urination, to the point of its absence. This happens due to a decrease in the secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus, which retains water. Ethanol is able to remove from the body all mineral substances necessary for humans (potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), absorption into the intestines is disrupted and a deficiency of vitamins and minerals occurs. In some cases, ethanol damages the kidney structure.

Damage to the liver and its cells leads to disruption of intracellular metabolism, pain in the right hypochondrium, and sometimes jaundice of the skin.

Severe alcohol poisoning

In severe cases of alcohol poisoning, a person falls into a coma. Ethanol can cause whom if its concentration in the blood reaches 3 g per liter of blood.

Who is divided into 2 phases:

Deep coma - loss of consciousness, complete absence on external stimuli, loss of reflexes, pain, decrease in body temperature. The skin is pale to bluish in color, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, deep breathing.

Superficial coma– loss of consciousness, decreased sensitivity, floating movement of the eyeballs, with one pupil larger than the other. There is a reaction to external stimuli with facial expressions, the eyes are often reddish in color. Breathing and heartbeat are rapid, and profuse salivation is also noticed.

The effect of alcohol on the body

The severity of alcohol poisoning may depend on various factors.

1 Amount of alcohol consumed:

If a person drinks a large amount of alcohol at one time, his liver does not have time to process the alcohol. And ethanol accumulates in the blood, while destroying important organs for life, such as the brain, kidneys, liver, stomach, heart, etc.

A healthy human liver, whose weight is approximately 75-85 kg, is capable of processing only 8 grams of pure alcohol in one hour (100 ml of vodka contains 31 grams of pure alcohol.) Therefore, even 100 grams per hour is already a huge amount for the organs our system.

With all this, alcohol will have the worst effect on children and the elderly, since the mechanisms in children are not yet fully formed, and in the elderly, the mechanisms do not do their job as well.

2 Much depends on genetic predisposition, some absorb alcohol quickly, others slowly, some have low activity of the enzyme that is responsible for processing ethanol, others have the opposite. Intoxication occurs when the breakdown product of ethanol, acetaldehyde, accumulates in the blood. In addition, a person's health factors will be affected, such as if they already have an unhealthy liver, kidneys, diabetes or other diseases. Lifestyle is also important, for example pregnancy, malnutrition, overwork, and can also affect the absorption of alcohol.

3 Everyone knows that alcoholic drinks cannot be mixed with medications, since the effect of alcohol only worsens, especially for antipsychotics, tranquilizers, antidepressants and other neuropsychiatric drugs. While taking conventional medications, ethanol will only muffle their effects and will be of no use.

This also includes taking various additives, which enhance the toxic effects of alcohol. Additives include (methyl alcohol, aldehydes, furfural, ethylene glycol, etc.).

4 For quite a short time Half of the taken dose of alcohol is already absorbed into the blood (about 15-20 minutes), so drinking it on an empty stomach only aggravates the effect; however, when taking alcohol and carbohydrate foods at the same time, it significantly reduces the rate of absorption of ethanol into the blood.

In general, with large and frequent consumption of alcohol, the heart may not be able to stand it and the person will simply die; such cases occur every year. Especially cases after drinking alcohol in the form of cologne, lotion, troy, hawthorn and similar substances. Methyl alcohol, which is contained in these liquids, is oxidized in the body to formaldehyde and formic acid, which cause severe intoxication on the body. After which it begins headache, nausea, abdominal pain, double vision, spots, fog, to the point of blindness. It especially affects the optic nerve and the retina of the eye. If for a long time in case of poisoning, the pupil is dilated, this is a symptom of unfavorable consequences. Death occurs when breathing, heart failure, or cerebral paralysis occur.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

Lay the patient down correctly, on his side. Ensure airway patency; if the tongue is stuck, straighten it, or press the tongue with your fingers, a spoon, do everything to prevent it from sticking. Using a rubber bulb, remove the contents of the oral cavity, such as mucus, salivation, and remnants of vomit. If there is excessive salivation, administer atropine 1.0-0.1% intravenously. This is the most common cause of death if the tongue or other contents interfere with proper breathing.

If breathing has stopped, you need to perform a heart massage - 2 breaths and 30 presses. chest(is a cycle of resuscitation actions) Repeat until breathing appears. The clicks must be effective. This method is able to reactivate the cardiac and respiratory systems.

The classic way to bring the patient to consciousness is to bring a cotton swab with ammonia at a distance of 1 cm. It stimulates respiratory organs, awakening them.

If the patient is conscious, give him the opportunity to clear his stomach by drinking a saline solution (1 teaspoon of salt per 200 ml). It is effective in the first hours. Next, take ipecac root (200 ml per 2 teaspoons), it can cause vomiting, this is necessary to cleanse the stomach. If possible, perform gastric lavage through an umbrella (the water can be salted per 1 liter of water, 1 teaspoon)

Since alcohol causes dilation of peripheral blood vessels, the body loses heat. Therefore, try to warm the patient.

Medicines for poisoning

White coal: 3-4 tablets, up to 3-4 times a day

Enterosgel: 6 tablespoons, once

Polysorb: Adults 2-3 tablespoons, place in ¼-½ glass of water.

Activated carbon: 1 gram per 10 kg of patient weight, 1 tablet. =0.25 gr. The average daily dose is 20-30 g, 80-120 tablets.

Metadoxil: dose 300-600 mg (5-10ml), intramuscularly; Or add 300-900 mg of metadoxyl to 500 ml of saline solution or 5% glucose solution and administer intravenously over 90 minutes.

What's so bad? There’s no point in mixing, just drink one!

Alcohol poisoning is not uncommon, and most people still do not know how to act correctly in this case. A comrade who has had too much is usually simply put to bed, without thinking about what ethyl alcohol intoxication might lead to in the near future. Alcohol intoxication has insidious consequences, which in some cases are fatal.

If you feel sick in the morning from alcohol: what to do

Quickly to the pharmacy, buy sorbex and betargin. Drink 3 sorbex tablets, then dilute 1 ampoule of betargin (drinking ampoule) in half a glass of water at room temperature and drink too. Afterward, drink highly carbonated water. All symptoms will disappear in 2-3 hours. I checked it myself))

Well, the most ancient way

1. Disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract: profuse vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, hypersalivation;
2. Loss of coordination of movements, accompanied by headache, severe dizziness;
3. Damage to the blood vessels of the sclera of the eye: lacrimation, redness of the eyes, painful reaction to light;
4. Chills, tremors of extremities, difficulty breathing;
5. Promotion blood pressure, rapid pulse.
6. Loss of consciousness;
7. Involuntary urination or defecation;
8. Muffled heart sounds, severe bradycardia;
9. Blueness of the skin, coldness of the extremities due to disruption of the functioning of the heart and normal blood flow.

Alcohol intoxication is sometimes confused with the banal alcohol intoxication, which is most often due to people's lack of awareness of the difference between them.

• Feeling of euphoria, liberation;
• Impaired coordination of movements;
• Speech becomes slurred, fast, loud;
• A person under the influence of alcohol increases his physical and mental capabilities gets involved in conflicts and discussions;
• A sparkle appears in the eyes;
• The sense of proportion is dulled.

Intoxication – light form intoxication, which usually ends in a hangover and headache, but also causes enormous harm to health due to the death of nerve cells.

Acute alcohol poisoning is a serious threat to human life and therefore requires immediate treatment.

Treatment of alcohol intoxication is aimed at removing the toxic substance from the body and normalizing indicators blood pressure, heart rate and respiration.

Alcohol poisoning: treatment at home using traditional methods

Alcohol poisoning, treating it at home using well-known folk methods, allows you to avoid dangerous consequences toxic effects components of ethyl alcohol on the body. If you suspect alcohol poisoning, you should not put the victim to sleep, because in a dream a person can die from asphyxia by vomit, from cardiac or respiratory arrest.

What to do in case of alcohol poisoning:

• Force the victim to drink at least a liter clean water with the addition of 1 tablespoon table salt, then press with your fingers or a spoon on the root of the tongue, thus inducing vomiting. These activities can be stopped only after vomiting is present only clean water. This way you will help the victim get rid of toxins, which will significantly alleviate his condition;
• If the poisoned person has severe chills, you can warm him up with a light blanket or blanket;
• If a person is unconscious, it is worth turning him on his side to prevent inhalation of vomit and tongue retraction;
• Call ambulance.

When alcohol poisoning occurs, the body loses water, so you need to replenish your water balance.

What to drink to prevent dehydration:

1. Warm tea with lemon. It is undesirable to drink coffee, because caffeine leads to a narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels, which aggravates the process of intoxication;
2. Mineral water;
3. Brine (this drink has a high concentration of salt);
4. Milk.

Treatment after alcohol poisoning is aimed at restoring normal vital functions of the body. You cannot “treat yourself” with low-alcohol drinks. For several days, it is advisable for the victim to sleep a lot, drink plenty of fluids and saline solutions (normohydron, rehydron). To completely remove toxins, you can use adsorbent preparations: activated carbon, smecta, enterosgel.

First aid for alcohol poisoning, algorithm of actions

First aid for alcohol poisoning can be provided independently. To do this you will need: clean water, table salt, soda, activated carbon.

In case of alcohol poisoning, you need to follow the algorithm:

1. Remove from the body toxic substance. To do this, induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue with your fingers or a spoon;
2. To disinfect the stomach and slow down the absorption of alcoholic products, it is worth giving the victim a saline solution (add 1 tablespoon of table salt and ½ teaspoon of soda per liter of water);
3. Adsorb the remains of the toxic component. To do this, you should drink activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight;
4. For severe headaches, apply a compress of damp cloth to the back of the head and ventilate the room well;
5. After the activities have been completed, calm down and put the alcohol victim to sleep.

Poisoning with alcohol surrogates, how to recognize low-quality alcohol

Poisoning with alcohol substitutes is common, so you should be especially careful when choosing alcoholic beverages. For food purposes, it is relatively safe for humans to consume alcohol made from ethyl alcohol. “Underground” drinks are made from industrial alcohol (methyl alcohol), which cannot be processed by the human liver due to the lack of an enzyme that breaks it down.

It is impossible to treat poisoning with surrogate alcohol at home, so if you suspect intoxication with “scorched” alcohol, you must call an ambulance.

How to recognize low-quality alcohol:

• A good drink cannot be cheap, so there is no need to buy alcohol online or on special offer;
• A factory bottle must have excise taxes;
• If you feel that you are getting drunk very quickly when drinking a questionable alcoholic drink, urgently rinse your stomach and call an ambulance;
• It is difficult to distinguish low-quality alcohol by taste, but methyl alcohol gives off a sharp alcoholic smell. Cognac, whiskey and quality wines do not smell of alcohol.

Activated carbon for alcohol poisoning, the role of adsorbents in the treatment of alcohol intoxication

Activated carbon for alcohol poisoning is an ideal assistant for the adsorption and timely removal of the toxic substance. The use of activated carbon cannot cause harm to health and has a minimum of contraindications. Coal is in every first aid kit and is cheap, which makes this drug widely available, but no less effective.

In case of alcohol poisoning, it is advisable to take the adsorbent after gastric lavage, since activated carbon helps to weaken the urge to vomit. To achieve the desired effect, you should drink at least 5 tablets of coal.

Alcohol poisoning pills, how they work

Tablets for alcohol poisoning are divided into groups according to their ability to eliminate the symptoms of alcohol intoxication:

• Adsorbing agents such as activated carbon, smecta, polysorb have enveloping and adsorbing properties, which helps eliminate discomfort from the gastrointestinal tract. Such medicines are sold without a doctor's prescription, are found in almost every home, and do not provide harmful action on the body;

• An anti-nausea remedy is validol. Its effect is due to the high concentration of menthol, which has an inhibitory effect on the vomiting center in the brain. There are other antiemetic drugs (metoclopramide, cerucal), but they can only be purchased with a doctor's prescription;

• Painkillers are necessary for victims of alcohol intoxication due to the development of severe headaches. Aspirin upsa (soluble effervescent tablet) is best suited for this purpose. However, this drug is contraindicated in people suffering from peptic ulcer stomach;
• Complex antioxidants for ethyl alcohol poisoning: zorex (is an antioxidant, hepatorotector, promotes rapid excretion of ethyl alcohol products in the urine); biotredin.

Vodka poisoning, how not to get poisoned during a celebration

Vodka poisoning most often occurs due to a person’s lack of sense of proportion. The amount of vodka that can cause alcohol intoxication varies from person to person, so it’s best to stick to next rule: drink 50 grams of vodka per hour. This way you can avoid a hangover in the morning, and at the party you will be cheerful and at the same time remain in adequate condition.

It is easier to get poisoned with cognac than with other alcoholic drinks, because high-quality cognac contains a small amount of methyl alcohol, which is extremely toxic to the human body. It is not advisable to consume such a drink in an evening in quantities exceeding 100 grams.

To avoid poisoning from wine, you should not mix this low-proof drink with others (vodka, beer, champagne). At a table with a lot of fruits and meat dishes, you can allow yourself about 300 grams of this noble drink and not worry about the consequences.

To be poisoned by low-quality alcohol, 50 grams will be enough. If you are not sure of the quality of an alcoholic drink, it is better not to drink it at all.

What to drink if you have alcohol poisoning to feel better

What to drink if you have alcohol poisoning to quickly recover from severe intoxication:

1. Enterosgel is an adsorbent drug that binds toxic complexes of ethyl alcohol products and naturally removes them from the body. This product also has enveloping and anti-inflammatory properties on the stomach wall irritated by alcohol toxins;

1. Regidron is a drug that restores the natural water-salt balance of the body. Thirst after drinking excess alcohol is caused by dehydration, which leads to alcohol consumption. Rehydron is available in powder form, which is diluted in a liter of clean water. A person who has been poisoned by alcohol should drink a rehydron solution within several hours after the first symptoms of intoxication appear.

Vomiting due to alcohol poisoning: why it occurs, how to stop it

Vomiting due to alcohol poisoning is natural defensive reaction body, aimed at cleansing the body of toxic substances. Vomiting undigested food and alcohol should not cause you any concern. To speed up the process of cleansing the stomach, you should drink 0.5-1 liter of water with salt. If the vomiting becomes mucous, bitter, and does not stop long time, it is worth contacting a specialized medical institution, to provide emergency assistance. Vomiting bile indicates that alcohol consumption has disrupted the functioning of the liver and bile ducts.

How to stop vomiting in case of poisoning:

• Wash your face cold water, go to Fresh air;
• Drink an enveloping agent such as enterosgel or smecta;
• Place a validol tablet under your tongue;
• Drink warm tea with lemon or milk.

If the above measures do not help, you should seek specialized help at the hospital.

Remedy for alcohol poisoning: traditional methods of treatment

After a successful holiday, many people are looking for ideal remedy from alcohol poisoning. Certainly, the best remedy from this illness sober image life. But there are some easy ones folk recipes, allowing you to relieve headaches, relieve nausea and weakness after a feast.

Traditional recipes for hangovers:

1. Drink 1 - 1.5 liters of cucumber pickle in the morning on an empty stomach, which will restore the salt balance in the body and start working digestive system, will ease headaches;
2. Drink a raw egg, after shaking it with a few drops of vinegar and a pinch of salt;
3. Prepare black tea with milk and sugar. Milk will relieve stomach pain and the urge to vomit, while glucose will launch mental activity and give energy;
4. Take a cool shower, but do not wash with too cold water to avoid vasospasm.

It is better not to treat severe alcohol poisoning on your own; perhaps you have come across low-quality alcohol, the intoxication from which can only be eliminated by a specialist.

Methyl alcohol poisoning: how to recognize and treat

Poisoning with methyl alcohol is very dangerous, since, unlike ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol is a purely technical liquid, which, when consumed by a person, is converted into formic acid, capable of destroying almost all organs and tissues of the body.

In appearance, color and smell, ethyl and methyl alcohols are almost identical, so it is almost impossible to distinguish them. To protect yourself from drinking industrial alcohol, you should purchase only high-quality alcoholic beverages in specialized stores.

Signs of poisoning:

1. Acute abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting;
2. Flashing of flies before the eyes, short-term loss of vision;
3. Rapid intoxication, aggression, which are sharply replaced by weakness, apathy and drowsiness.
4. Increased heart rate, sharp drop in blood pressure;
5. Excessive drooling;
6. Loss of consciousness.

If you notice the following symptoms, you should take immediate action:

• Call an ambulance;
• Rinse the stomach with saline solution or clean water;
• Drink activated carbon.

Ethyl alcohol poisoning is nothing more than banal alcohol poisoning. Intoxication can develop due to excessive consumption of alcohol or due to individual intolerance to alcohol by a certain person.

How to avoid ethanol poisoning:

• If you drink alcohol, you should eat it with fatty fish or meat dishes and vegetable salads, which will allow ethyl alcohol to be absorbed more slowly;
• Do not drink alcohol with carbonated drinks;
• Do not mix different types alcoholic drinks (for example, champagne and vodka);
• Don't drink alcohol if you know you have an intolerance.

Acute alcohol poisoning can be fatal, so do not think that uncontrollable vomiting, spasmodic headache or loss of consciousness is not a reason to see a doctor. You can try to eliminate unpleasant symptoms at home, but if there is no proper result, a visit to the doctor will not hurt you.

Signs of ethyl alcohol poisoning:

• severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, drooling and watery eyes;
• severe loss of coordination of movements;
• memory loss;
• involuntary urination and defecation;
• the appearance of seizures;
• difficulty breathing;
• loss of vision, flickering of spots before the eyes;
• a sharp drop in blood pressure;
• loss of consciousness.

Poisoning with ammonia is quite rare, since ammonia is most often used in medical practice.

Ammonia is an irritating substance that is used to revive a patient who is losing consciousness. The pungent ammonia smell irritates the human nervous system, which brings him out of unconsciousness.

Typically, ammonia poisoning develops through prolonged inhalation of its vapors and is manifested by the following symptoms:

• burning in the throat, dry, severe cough;
• dizziness, disorientation in space;
• dry mucous membranes;
• lacrimation;
• nausea, profuse vomiting;
• loss of consciousness;
• double vision, short-term loss of vision;
• hallucinations;
• hot flashes, increased sweating.

Help for ammonia poisoning:

1. take the victim out into the fresh air or open the windows in the room;
2. stop human contact with the toxic substance;
3. wash with cool water, rinse your mouth and nose with water;
4. If the victim's condition is serious, call an ambulance.

It is strictly forbidden to take ammonia orally, as it destroys the walls of the stomach and destroys cells of the liver, kidneys, and circulatory system.

If ammonia gets inside, you need to:

1. urgently call a doctor;
2. induce vomiting in the victim by drinking plenty of clean water;
3. Give the patient a tablespoon of lemon juice.

Video on the topic of alcohol poisoning:

Symptoms following alcohol poisoning occur for several reasons. We will talk about them below. It should also be noted that such unpleasant signs of intoxication are bright pronounced character. It's quite difficult not to notice them.

general information

Alcohol poisoning (symptoms and treatment at home will be described below) occupies a leading position in our country among all household poisonings. In more than 60% of cases, this condition leads to death. Most of of these (about 95-98%) occurs even before medical care is provided.

So how to recognize the symptoms of severe alcohol poisoning and what measures to take to avoid tragic consequences? You will learn about this in the presented article.

What is alcohol?

Alcohol is the name given to drinks that contain ethanol (wine or a chemical colorless and volatile substance of moderate toxic activity that is easily flammable. Ethanol can be mixed with ordinary water in any quantity. It easily dissolves in fats and also easily penetrates biological membranes and quickly spreads throughout the body.

Intoxication, poisoning, intoxication

Alcohol intoxication is a special state of the human nervous system, which occurs as a result of drinking drinks containing ethanol.

There are four degrees of intoxication:

• lung;
• average;
• heavy;
• coma.

On initial stage This state is manifested by an unreasonably joyful and also elevated mood (that is, euphoria). The consciousness of the intoxicated person is preserved (small disturbances may be observed). After some time, thinking processes slow down. In addition, mental and physical activity a person, his consciousness is depressed, and he becomes slow, lethargic and drowsy.

When coma develops, they speak of severe alcohol poisoning.

As for severe intoxication, this condition is associated with the toxic effect of ethanol breakdown products on the human body.

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Speaking about the signs of alcohol poisoning, one cannot help but note the fact that they can manifest themselves in different ways. It depends on the amount you drink and the quality of the drinks. In addition, the symptom of alcohol poisoning is closely related to which human system or organ has been exposed to toxic effects.

Gastrointestinal tract

With primary damage to the digestive system, a person experiences abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and nausea. What is associated with each of the listed symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Abdominal pain occurs due to the direct damaging effect of ethanol on the mucous membrane of the small intestine and stomach.

Diarrhea occurs due to a disruption in the absorption of minerals, water and fats, as well as a rapidly occurring deficiency of the enzyme that is necessary for the absorption of lactose.

Nausea is a sign of general intoxication.

As for vomiting, most often it is central in nature. In other words, it is associated with the toxic effect of alcohol on the central nervous system.

CNS

When the nervous system is damaged, a person experiences: mental agitation, delirium, euphoria, impaired coordination of movements, hallucinations, increased sweating, convulsions, decreased body temperature, dilated pupils, impaired attention, thermoregulation, as well as speech and perception.

Each mentioned symptom of alcohol poisoning is associated with impaired metabolism of nerve cells, oxygen starvation, the damaging effect of ethanol on the cells of the central nervous system and the toxic effect of intermediate products of the breakdown of alcohol (acetate, acetaldehyde,

SSS

The first signs of alcohol poisoning from the heart are:

• decrease in blood pressure;
• cardiopalmus;
• dizziness;
• facial redness;
• general weakness;
• pale skin;
• malaise.

The appearance of such symptoms is explained by the fact that the patient loses a lot of fluid during diarrhea or vomiting. Also, due to the increased permeability of the vascular walls, fluid from the vascular bed passes into the space between the cells. To compensate for the volume of blood (circulating), the human body includes the following compensatory mechanisms: narrowing of peripheral vessels and increased heart rate. Thanks to this, the blood is redistributed and saturates more important organs.

Respiratory tract

How does alcohol poisoning affect the respiratory system? Symptoms of such a lesion are expressed as follows:

• acute respiratory failure;
• noisy and rapid breathing.

The listed symptoms arise due to damage to the respiratory center, the development of cerebral edema and metabolic disorders. The occurrence of acute is associated with the entry of vomit into the respiratory tract and a reflex spasm of the bronchi and larynx.

Renal system

With kidney damage, the patient experiences increased urination or, conversely, decreased urine formation (sometimes to complete absence).

Such conditions are associated with the fact that by reducing secretion (of the hypothalamus, which retains water in the body), ethanol increases the process of urination. In addition, alcohol promotes the removal of calcium, potassium, and magnesium from the human body, disrupting their absorption in the intestines. Thus, a deficiency of these elements occurs.

In severe cases, ethanol damages the kidney structure.

Liver damage

Symptoms of alcoholic liver poisoning are also pronounced. These include severe pain in the right hypochondrium, as well as yellowing of the skin and sclera. Such signs arise due to the damaging effect of ethanol on liver cells and disruption of intracellular metabolism.

Acute alcohol poisoning: symptoms

In case of severe poisoning, the patient may fall into a coma. At the same time, he loses consciousness and also does not respond to any external stimuli (for example, loud sounds, patting the cheeks, tingling, etc.).

A concentration of alcohol in the systemic circulation of 3 g/l or higher causes coma. Currently, there are two phases: superficial and deep. Let's look at their symptoms in more detail.

• Superficial coma.

This condition is characterized by: loss of consciousness, floating movements of the eyeballs, decreased pain sensitivity, excessive salivation, pupils of different sizes (constricted - dilated), reaction to irritation with protective movements or changes in facial expressions, rapid heartbeat, redness of the skin and eye membranes, shortness of breath .

• Deep coma.

Symptoms of alcohol surrogate poisoning are very often accompanied by loss of pain sensitivity, decreased body temperature, absence of tendon reflexes, convulsions, loss of muscle tone, decreased blood pressure, pallor or cyanosis of the skin, decreased depth and frequency of breathing, and a pronounced increase in heart rate.

Severity of alcohol intoxication

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning can be mild or severe. What does this depend on? We will answer the question posed right now.

• Amount drunk. When large dosages of ethanol enter the human body, especially at one time, the liver does not have time to process it. Thus, the products of incomplete alcohol breakdown accumulate in the blood, after which they damage vital organs such as the brain, liver, kidneys, heart and others.
• Age. Children and the elderly are the most sensitive to the effects of alcohol. This is due to the fact that adolescents have not yet developed all the necessary neutralization mechanisms, and in old people they no longer perform their function in the required capacity.
• Individual intolerance. Personal intolerance to ethanol and, as a consequence, fast development intoxication is especially common in people. This is due to the fact that they have reduced activity of a special enzyme, which is necessary for the complete breakdown of alcohol.
• Pregnancy, malnutrition, fatigue, diseases of the pancreas, liver and diabetes. Such conditions reduce the work and neutralizing function of the main cleansing organ (liver).
• Combination of alcohol and medications. The toxic effect of alcohol increases several times when taken simultaneously with drugs such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antidepressants, NSAIDs and others.
• Additives and impurities. The toxic effect of alcohol is increased by additives and impurities such as methyl alcohol, aldehydes, higher alcohols, ethylene glycol, furfural and others.
• Ethanol consumption on an empty stomach. When drinking alcohol on an empty stomach, it is absorbed into the blood in half the dose, which can lead to severe poisoning.

What to do if intoxicated?

Now you know why alcohol poisoning occurs. Symptoms and treatment of this condition are presented in this article.

If you notice that your friend feels sick after drinking alcohol, you should immediately call an ambulance. This is due to the following points:

• A severe pathological condition caused by alcohol intoxication quite often leads to death.
• Only an experienced doctor is able to assess the condition of the victim and prescribe treatment.
• Treatment of poisoning requires the use of a number of medications.
• In most cases, treatment of severe alcohol intoxication is carried out in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit.

First aid at home

How should alcohol poisoning be treated (symptoms and treatment for this condition are described in this article)? First, you need to call a specialist. While the doctor is on the way, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim. What is it?

• Ensuring airway patency. To do this, you need to remove the patient’s tongue (if it is retracted), and then clean the oral cavity. If possible, use a rubber bulb. If excessive salivation occurs, the patient should be given 1.0-0.1% atropine intravenously. These measures are necessary to ensure adequate oxygen supply and prevent blockage of the upper respiratory tract.
• Place the victim in the correct position (on his side) and fix his tongue (for example, press with a finger or a spoon).
• Perform artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage (in case of respiratory and cardiac arrest). Such procedures must be carried out until the heartbeat and breathing appear.
• Bring the victim to consciousness if he has lost consciousness. To do this, you need to bring cotton wool with ammonia to the patient’s nose.
• Induce vomiting (only if the person is conscious). To do this, he needs to be given a saline solution or a special vomiting agent. This procedure is effective only in the first hours after drinking ethanol.

If the above methods do not help, then resort to the following:

• Gastric lavage. The victim is given maximum amount water, and then press on the root of the tongue.
• Warming the patient. The person is placed in a warm bed and wrapped in a blanket.
• Reception of adsorbent. The victim is given sorbents that can absorb different kinds toxins. They accelerate the neutralization and removal of alcohol from the body.

Medicines for the treatment of alcohol poisoning

In a hospital, the victim may be prescribed the following medications:

• The drug "Metadoxil" intramuscularly. This is a medication that was created specifically for the treatment of alcohol poisoning. It increases the activity of enzymes that are responsible for the utilization of ethanol. Thus, the product in question accelerates the processing and removal of alcohol. In addition, it restores liver cells and improves mental condition the victim.
• Vitamins and glucose mixed in one syringe. This cocktail improves metabolic processes and also accelerates the neutralization and elimination of ethanol. In addition, it reduces the risk of alcohol-related psychosis.
• Droppers for water-mineral balance. They improve blood circulation through the vessels, and also help restore the necessary water and mineral balance.

It should also be noted that symptoms of alcohol poisoning of the pancreas and liver require the use of hepatoprotectors. Such medications improve the functioning of these organs, restore damaged cells and accelerate the neutralization of ethanol.

Often, for alcohol intoxication, doctors use the drugs Pyrozol and Fomepizole. These are the newest antidotes used for poisoning with ethylene glycol and methyl alcohol. They reduce the activity of the liver enzyme and interrupt the formation of toxic elements.

Ethanol in large quantities causes aggression, a person’s coordination of movement, orientation in the environment, memory impairment, and the ability to concentrate are impaired. Alcohol has a detrimental effect on all internal organs, or rather the products into which ethanol itself breaks down. Toxic substances stay in the body for quite a long time.

Alcohol intoxication is a certain behavior in which a person’s psychological and physiological state is disturbed.

Alcohol intoxication in large quantities causes poisoning, in which case the person immediately requires medical attention. If you drink alcohol for several years in a row - cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, abnormalities in nervous system inevitable.

Ethyl alcohol can destroy the heart muscle, as a result, a person complains of heart pain, has a stroke, and develops hypertension. Alcohol also destroys the gastric mucosa, after which eating becomes impossible, even the simplest foods are simply not digested in the stomach, causing nausea and vomiting.

Experts advise that in order to avoid poisoning while drinking alcohol, you need to protect your body in the following way:

• Before the feast, take two tablets of activated carbon.
• Eat a portion of oatmeal.

It is important that the stomach is not empty before drinking alcohol, otherwise the alcohol is absorbed into the blood faster, the walls of the stomach become more irritated, and the person gets drunk in a matter of minutes.

If you take a few vitamin C tablets, you can normalize your heart function. Mixing alcoholic drinks is extremely undesirable; weak and strong alcohol are quite difficult to remove together. To prevent dehydration, drink alcohol with plenty of water or juice.

Degrees

Depending on how a person behaves after drinking alcohol, experts distinguish several stages of alcohol intoxication.

First degree (mild)- alcohol content in the body is no more than 2%. In this case, alcohol, entering the brain, dilates blood vessels, blood flow increases, which causes a slight blush on the face.

In this state of a person good mood, sometimes even too much, the pupils dilate, sometimes there is a slight upset stomach, increased gas formation. A person urinates often, sweats a lot, speech in this state is not clear, loud, and attention is slightly impaired. This degree is considered not dangerous; medical assistance is not required, as well as special means to alleviate this condition. It is characterized by the fact that it goes away on its own within a few hours.

Second degree (medium)- In this case, the blood contains about 3% alcohol. A person feels worse, you can notice an uneven gait, blurred vision, unclear speech, in this state a person wants to sleep, but in the morning you can feel all the signs of a hangover, namely dry mouth, headaches, memory loss. Usually a person wants to drink light alcohol to relieve a hangover, but experts do not advise doing this, since the condition may worsen and the symptoms will recur.

Third degree (severe)- with such strong intoxication, a person feels much worse, because the dose of alcohol in the blood is more than 3%, breathing is impaired, and heart rhythm disturbances begin. The last degree is considered the most severe, the most dangerous; a person can fall into a coma and die. After severe alcohol poisoning, death occurs instantly; the person needs to call a doctor.

Kinds

The acute form of alcohol poisoning is typical for people who do not drink alcohol very often. After alcohol enters the bloodstream, their coordination of movement is slightly impaired, their memory deteriorates, they cannot concentrate on anything, and sometimes such people may experience nausea or vomiting.

You can help a person in such a situation, alleviate the poisoning, give aspirin or activated charcoal. Doctors advise drinking as much as possible more water, maybe mineral carbonated.

The chronic form is observed in a person who often drinks, and in considerable quantities. Leaving a person in this state is dangerous, his internal organs suffer greatly, he is tormented constant unrest, anxiety, tremor of the limbs begins, dystrophy, weakening of the muscles, severe redness of the skin on the face.

Alcohol intoxication occurs gradually as ethanol enters the blood. Small doses are not able to significantly change a person’s behavior, sometimes you may not even notice it, and you cannot drive in this state.

Methods for relieving alcohol intoxication

There are several ways to reduce the amount of ethanol in the blood and relieve alcohol poisoning:

• Do not allow alcohol to be completely absorbed into the blood. This method consists of giving a person several tablets of activated carbon, then rinsing the stomach well. warm water. It is necessary to give a lot of water so that vomiting occurs from its excess in the stomach. Caffeine can be injected into the muscles to stabilize the general condition.
• Help a person sober up faster. The method of quick sobering up is the most popular; in this case, the person needs to be given vitamin B6, after which he quickly returns to his previous self. normal condition. After this, the person should be given warm water or a Corazol solution to drink. After just 15 minutes, the normal state of the body is noted, the person comes to his senses and concentrates well, but it is also impossible to drive a vehicle in this state. If it is necessary to reduce the alcohol content in the blood, doctors administer glucose, ascorbic and nicotinic acid.
• Install a dropper with the cleaning solution. In severe cases, when conventional therapy is impossible, the person does not get better, his condition is critical, he is given a drip containing vitamins, as well as other useful components. Droppers are placed in a hospital if a person is at risk of death from severe ethanol poisoning.

Signs of alcohol poisoning and first aid at home

Ethanol poisoning manifests itself differently in each person, it depends on the body’s resistance, so at different stages the condition may differ slightly.

However, it is possible to highlight general signs alcohol poisoning:

First aid for alcohol intoxication at home

Quite often, a state of complete intoxication occurs at home as a result of heavy drinking, sometimes a person needs effective help, however, not everyone knows how to help a person at home. Most often, after a mild hangover, a regular painkiller tablet is taken to relieve the headache.

If a person has all the signs of alcohol poisoning, before a doctor arrives, you must:

• Lay on your side, press your head to your chest; sitting or lying on your back is not allowed, as vomit may be accidentally swallowed or enter the lungs.
• If vomiting does not occur, you need to give a large amount of warm water so that there is an excess of it in the stomach and vomiting begins.
• A person should wear loose clothing and breathe more fresh air.
• It is contraindicated to give the patient mineral water, tea without sugar, or coffee.
• You need to carefully monitor your heart rate and measure your blood pressure.

You can treat yourself with improvised means at home only if the poisoning is mild, the person is adequate, and nothing threatens his life. If suddenly, even after mild poisoning, you feel unwell, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Alcohol poisoning: treatment with drugs and traditional methods

Sorbents have a good effect on alcohol intoxication; they quickly remove toxins. The most effective are Smecta, Enterosgel, Enterofuril.

The drugs do not have side effects, quickly relieve alcohol poisoning and return a person to a normal state.

Medicines that relieve the hangover itself can also be taken in case of poisoning, these include: Zorex, Alka-Seltzer, Metadoxil.

After taking such drugs, the headache quickly stops, muscle strength appears, and attention increases.

Drugs that are administered into a vein in a hospital have good cleansing properties, they can restore the functioning of the heart muscle, relieve inflammation, and stop nausea, such a drug is Reamberin.

There are a great variety of drugs to relieve alcohol poisoning; doctors strongly advise you to remember the fact that most of them have only therapeutic properties and will not be able to help fully, and sometimes such drugs can be harmful to health.

Traditional methods of treating alcohol intoxication

Currently, for any degree of alcohol poisoning, traditional medicine remains effective, most effective ways include:

• Black tea with a slice of lemon (no sugar). When poisoned by alcoholic drinks, the body suffers from dehydration, water in large quantities only causes vomiting, it is not absorbed, lemon tea helps like nothing else. In this case, coffee is contraindicated, as the nervous system suffers.
• Rosehip infusion is good for removing toxins through urine. A person who drinks a sufficient amount of decoction experiences frequent urination, this is a good sign.
• Green tea without sugar also perfectly removes harmful substances from the body.
• Freshly squeezed grapefruit or orange juice helps restore tone and improve well-being.

Effective products that relieve alcohol poisoning are kefir, sauerkraut, pickled cucumbers, cottage cheese. Pickles contain vitamin C, which normalizes the water-alkaline balance in the body, and also helps eliminate dehydration.

In order to quickly restore the stomach, a person is encouraged to eat light warm soup or chicken broth. If you suffer from nausea, you must force yourself to eat boiled buckwheat or oatmeal, cereals fill the stomach, in this case well absorbed by weak stomachs.

Alcohol intoxication: how to quickly relieve it

Poisoning can be different; in any case, the most common method is taking a cold shower. It should also be taken correctly, namely, first you need to pour yourself over with warm water, then slightly cool, and finally cold. Thus, the muscles will quickly become toned, strengthened, awareness will return, and concentration will improve.

Alcohol intoxication can be relieved by taking activated charcoal or aspirin. Coal brings out toxic substances, aspirin works well to speed up the blood. In case of intoxication, you need to rest more, the room should not be hot, to relieve stress from the body, you need to give the patient green tea with lemon balm or mint without sugar.

How to quickly relieve alcohol intoxication

There are situations when a person urgently needs to come to a sober state.

• Drink activated charcoal and aspirin.
• Stand under a contrast shower, this way you can quickly get a charge of vigor and strength, and restore muscle tone.
• A cold cloth applied to the forehead should relieve the spasm.
• Drink plenty of tea, mineral water, a decoction of herbs, grapefruit juice, and a dose of vitamin C.

Alcohol intoxication is considered eliminated when the person has returned to a normal state, does not complain of feeling unwell, and is full of vigor and strength.

Everyone knows who a moderately well-fed man is from the popular cartoon. And who is a moderate drinker, no one even jokes post-Soviet space can't really explain it. Perhaps because the problem had such boundaries that there was no time to help “professional” alcoholics. And those who are still on the “warm-up site”, it seems, have not gotten around to it. And it should. If only because alcohol affects each person differently. And it would be nice to know who got drunk and to what point. Look, someone could have been given a helping hand earlier, or rather, on time.

And sometimes the situation confuses all the cards: the person seems to be not among those who are “addicted”, but has had a little drink and immediately experiences some kind of convulsions, seizures, and loss of consciousness. In rare cases, alcohol poisoning even affects a person who does not drink. We’ll return to this problem a little lower, but for now let’s delve into the literature and try to find out whether someone has figured out the very norm that you can drink. And in general, does such a norm exist?

There is a drinking norm!

Curious Americans studied this problem and found out at what level the waterline is in the glass of a moderate drinker:

• for men: no more than two servings of alcohol per day;
• for women: no more than one serving of alcohol per day;
• a person over 65 years of age – no more than one serving of alcohol per day.

As you can see, there is a difference in gender and age parameters. It is characterized by the presence of water in the body.

How much is one drink of alcohol?

Having said “a” and finding out how much is possible, the researchers went further and clarified how much one serving of alcohol is:

• dry wine or beer: 0.36 liters (340 g);
• fortified wine: 0.15 liters (140 g);
• vodka and other alcoholic drinks: 0.05 liters (42 g).

Everyone can relate to these standards in their own way. Note that they do not apply to people who various reasons In general, you should not even approach alcoholic beverages:

• women on the eve of pregnancy or pregnant women;
• patients taking medications that are incompatible with alcohol;
• patients undergoing treatment for alcohol dependence;
• boys and girls under the age of 21.

Some may argue that our ancestors drank, and even in our time, alcohol is sometimes recommended, for example, red wine, to maintain the functioning of the heart. We don't argue. But if such a “potion” is taken frequently or constantly, then over time an addiction to alcohol will begin to form and instead of the expected positive effect problems will arise in the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the same healing effect can be achieved through healthy eating and permanent, or better active activities sports.

Don't relax

A moderate amount of alcohol really lifts a person’s mood, creating a feeling of euphoria and relaxedness. Troubles and insignificant problems lose their sharpness of perception, stress bursts are smoothed out. This is what attracts a person to alcoholic drinks. But you shouldn’t relax and focus on norms: they affect each person differently.

Unfortunately, the period of euphoria from alcohol consumption has its limit. It is not possible to stay at one level for long. Blood alcohol concentration switches off in the human body adequate perception reality and self-control disappears. From the moment you exceed the limit of moderate drinking, every gram of alcohol entering the body turns into poison. At this stage, signs of alcohol poisoning appear.

Some people may feel worse even after a small dose of alcohol. The reason for this is the body’s individual intolerance to alcohol.

As you know, long-term alcohol consumption affects vital internal organs, which can ruin a person’s life. The limit of permissible drinking for each person depends on individual physiological characteristics human body. In addition, you should remember the following factors:

• gender: the male body copes better with alcohol;
• weight: amount of body fat;
• traditional dose of alcoholic drinks.

It should be remembered that boys and girls who are beginning to learn the taste of alcohol are at greater risk. They have no drinking experience, but they have no bravado. Alcohol is very dangerous for women in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, when she may not yet be sure of her position. If future mom drinks during pregnancy, alcohol can affect or transmit to the fetus. Then the child will have pathologies for the rest of his life.

Alcohol poisoning is usually caused by ethyl alcohol or drinks with more than 12 percent alcohol content. An ethanol concentration in the blood of more than 8 g/l is considered fatal.

A lethal single dose is recognized to be from 4 to 12 g/kg. These indicators may fluctuate depending on the body's individual tolerance to alcohol.

9 out of every ten people hospitalized with a diagnosis of alcohol poisoning are people dependent on alcohol. Fatal poisoning occurs more often than six times out of ten.

The individual norm does not affect the nature of the signs of alcohol poisoning. They are the same for everyone and occur in three stages.

At the first stage:

• due to additional blood flow, facial redness is observed;
• a manic glare appears in the eyes;
• the person starts talking loudly;
• there is a decrease in concentration;
• self-esteem is inflated;
• are emphasized personal characteristics, which were previously invisible.

If at such a moment a glass is taken away from an alcoholic, the next day the poisoning will manifest itself in the form of a hangover.

The second stage will inevitably come if the person does not stop at the first stage and continues to pour in the collar. But such “heroism” will certainly lead to aggravation of the situation.

The third stage, the most severe, has its own symptoms:

• vomiting appears;
• the drinker stops really assessing what is happening around him;
• movements are given with incredible effort;
• breathing becomes difficult;
• paralysis of the respiratory center may occur;
• death cannot be ruled out.

Is there such a thing as bad vodka? There is brake fluid...

Sometimes medical reports contain information about poisoning by bad vodka. Although vodka “experts” claim that there is no such thing as bad vodka. Behind the joke lies a serious problem. The body has great difficulty fighting alcohol substitutes. In addition to alcohol, which is perceived by the body as poison, they contain many substances that actively damage the liver and brain. They lead to severe consequences for the human body.

Surrogates include liquids containing alcohol and used in modern everyday life and industry. Alcoholics drink them when wine or vodka becomes unaffordable or is nowhere to be purchased at the moment, and “the soul is burning and asking.” This category also includes counterfeits of alcoholic beverages, ranging from wine and vodka to low-grade moonshine. In addition to ethyl alcohol, they contain harmful impurities.

Surrogates have their own classification:

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1. Surrogates containing ethanol or real surrogates:
   • medicines: tinctures of hawthorn and motherwort berries, cologne, lotions, industrial alcohol;
   • household liquids: solvents, various detergents, car brake fluid, antifreeze and even some types of adhesives. All these liquids are dangerous due to the presence of hydrolytic and sulfate alcohols, methyl alcohol impurities, essential oils, acetone and other toxic substances.
2. False surrogates. They are also called liquids that do not contain ethyl alcohol, but they can cause an alcoholic buzz:
   • various alcohols - amyl, butyl, methyl, formic, propyl, etc.;
   • various liquids for technical use that contain the above and similar alcohols. High concentrations also carry an increased risk of damage to various internal organs of a person.

Signs of poisoning with alcohol surrogates appear:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• dizziness;
• severe headache;
• abdominal pain.

The patient's condition is no different from the condition after prolonged binge drinking, when alcohol flows like a river. But then the body behaves depending on what was drunk and how much.

Methyl alcohol is lethal even at 100 ml. During the first time after poisoning, a person begins to feel sick and vomit. The skin turns red and dries out. On the second day, the condition worsens, thirst and abdominal pain begin to torment, accompanied by a headache. Contraction of the calf muscles, double vision.

With complications, a person may lose vision.

The muscles of the back of the head tense, convulsions occur, the heart rate becomes erratic, and blood pressure decreases. If a person drinks too much, he or she may fall into a coma. His breathing may become blocked.

Manifestations of signs of poisoning can be lightning fast in one direction - leading to death.

Ethanol is able to partially neutralize methyl alcohol, so in rare cases, ethanol-containing drinks can weaken the patient's condition.

Formic alcohol in the human body causes similar symptoms.

Ethylene glycol is lethal at 150 ml. After a third or half a day, pain in the head, lower back and abdomen appears, then thirst, diarrhea and vomiting, redness and dry skin. In severe cases of poisoning, convulsions begin and the person loses consciousness.

Heart failure, pulmonary edema with acute liver and kidney failure may be the last diagnosis of the patient.

slight hangover

Over the course of many years of drinking practice, humanity not only improved the taste of alcohol poison, but also developed and improved methods for overcoming hangover syndrome. A slight hangover in the morning of the next day after a feast can be “treated” with a cup of some hot drink - coffee or tea. It would be nice to throw a lemon at him. This will help get rid of fatigue and headaches. Anyone who has the opportunity and time allows can take a steam bath in the bathhouse in the morning. Active sweating will help the body cleanse itself of toxins in the body.

Severe poisoning

No matter how one treats doctors, at the first signs of alcohol poisoning it is necessary to call an ambulance. Even with severe forms, there is still a chance to help a person survive. You need to act wisely and know how to help. There is nothing new in this - the actions for any poisoning are the same.

Help before doctors arrive

Having called an ambulance, it is necessary to provide the patient with first aid:

• cover the patient with something warm, because after drinking alcohol, the blood vessels dilate and the body quickly cools down;
• take all measures to empty the stomach of the remnants of alcoholic beverages and thus prevent further intoxication. The patient can be prepared with a cold soda solution, forced to drink and induce vomiting. If it is difficult for a person to stand on his feet, it is necessary to lay him sideways so that when vomiting, the mass does not clog the airways;
• when the stomach is empty, you need to give the patient 20 tablets of activated carbon.

If the patient is very ill and is not able to control his actions, then it is better not to lavage the stomach so that he does not suffocate on the vomit. In an unconscious state, you should wait for the ambulance to arrive and make sure that your tongue does not sink.

Subcutaneous administration of cordiamine or caffeine helps restore respiratory failure. Artificial respiration is performed in cases where breathing has stopped altogether.

A kamatous state is a serious sign of concern. It is recognized by its characteristic features:

• the appearance of a bluish tint to the face;
• cold and clammy skin;
• intermittent breathing;
• thready pulse.

In a comatose state, the patient needs a resuscitator.

Alcoholic coma can affect the body of a person of average weight and who usually drinks rarely. But I couldn’t restrain myself and took 400-450 grams of vodka per capita during a short feast. In such cases, the blood alcohol concentration jumps sharply to 0.3 percent or higher.

First aid for poisoning with alcohol substitutes

The steps are the same as for normal food poisoning. First of all, it is necessary to induce a gag reflex.

Before the doctors arrive:

• every two hours, 4-5 times/day. give the patient 50 ml of ethyl alcohol (30%);
• over the next three days, periodically rinse the stomach, since methanol leaves the body through the gastric mucosa;
• if the patient is unconscious, you need to monitor the pulse (carotid artery area);
• if the pulse cannot be felt, the person should be turned over on his back;
• it is necessary to make a precordial beat;
• begin resuscitation.

It is important to know exactly what poisoned a person. If the reason is the use of surrogates, then in this case the proverb “knocks out a wedge with a wedge” definitely applies. As you know, ethyl alcohol slows down the breakdown of methanol alcohol, so the patient should feel better:

• you need to give some vodka;
• lay on stomach;
• turn your head to the side;
• unfasten your belt and shirt to make it easier to breathe;
• open the window for ventilation;
• in case of loss of consciousness, give ammonia or vinegar a sniff;
• lubricate whiskey with ammonia;
• wait for the ambulance to arrive.

As you can see, everything is quite simple. But I would like life to go on without such “little things.” Of course, it is difficult to do without feasts. However, you should not turn them into some kind of cult and get too carried away with alcohol, and especially alcoholic drinks of dubious origin.