Borax is an active substance that is included in some medications. By itself, it is a crystalline hydrate of the sodium salt of the so-called tetraboric acid. It occurs in nature as a white or gray-yellow mineral that dissolves well in water.
What is the effect of Borax?
Borax, a derivative of boric acid, has an antiseptic effect. In addition, it has a bacteriostatic effect, that is, it slows down the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms, and fungistatic activity has also been detected. The antiseptic is not absorbed into the body through intact skin.
What are the indications for use of Borax?
Preparations containing the active component Borax are indicated for use as antiseptics that can be used in dermatological practice, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology.
What are the contraindications for use of the substance Borax?
Borax-based drugs should not be used if hypersensitivity to this substance. It is contraindicated to use the product internally; it is intended for external use only.
Preparations containing Borax can be used together with boric acid as an antimicrobial agent in the composition of such dosage form, How eye drops, but it is recommended to use the drug only after prior consultation with an ophthalmologist.
What are the substances of borax? side effects?
When using medications containing Borax, some local side effects may occur, in particular, redness of the skin may appear, and some burning may occur directly at the site of application of the drug.
Except local reactions Symptoms of intoxication of a chronic nature are also possible, which will develop after prolonged use medicines containing the active substance Borax. For example, from the side digestive system Some gastrointestinal disorders may occur, anorexia may occur, and dyspeptic manifestations may appear.
In addition, with chronic intoxication of drugs containing Borax, side effects may be observed: nervous system, for example, the patient may feel increasing weakness; in severe advanced cases, confusion may occur; in addition, seizures may occur.
Side effects may also affect the skin, in which case dermatological reactions will be observed negative character, in particular, dermatitis develops, and alopecia may occur, which disappears after discontinuation of the drug.
Among others side effects laboratory changes can be noted in the form of the development of anemia; in addition, menstrual irregularities cannot be ruled out. If the above manifestations are present, it is recommended to stop using such medications, and you should also consult a doctor about further treatment procedures.
What is the use and dosage of Borax? Borax treatment
The use of medications containing Borax is carried out individually and depends directly on the indications and the dosage form used. Before using them, it is recommended to first consult with a specialist.
Borax overdose
In case of an overdose of the drug Borax, the instructions for use note the following symptoms: pain in the abdomen, vomiting, nausea, impaired intestinal motility, which will be expressed by diarrhea, in addition, dehydration, general weakness, and headache and temporary loss of consciousness.
In addition, generalized convulsions will be observed, cardiovascular failure will be noted, and the patient may have damage to liver and kidney function.
In this situation, it is necessary to provide the patient with appropriate medical measures, in particular shortest time after poisoning, rinse the stomach, prescribe forced diuresis; in severe conditions, hemodialysis is indicated. In addition, riboflavin mononucleotide is injected intramuscularly in an amount of 10 mg/day.
It is necessary to correct the developed acidosis and water-electrolyte balance; for this, sodium bicarbonate solution is administered intravenously; in addition, plasma-substituting solutions, glucose, and sodium chloride are indicated. In the presence of pain One milliliter of 0.1% atropine solution and 1 ml of 0.2% platyphylline are injected subcutaneously in the abdomen.
In addition, a 1% solution of promedol can be used as an anesthetic; intravenous administration of a glucose-novocaine mixture is also prescribed. Cardiovascular medications are prescribed according to indications. It is worth noting that the lethal dosage for adults is 10 or 20 grams.
Preparations containing Borax (analogues)
The active component of Borax is contained in the preparation Sodium tetraborate solution in glycerin 20%, it is produced by the pharmacological industry in small bottles, the volume of which reaches 30 grams. It should be stored in dry place, it is advisable to place the container in the dark so that the active substance does not decompose in the light.
Conclusion
The use of any medications should be carried out after consultation with a specialist.
Quality standard
GOST 8429-77
Formula
Description
Technical borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) is obtained by neutralizing boric acid with sodium carbonate.
Application
Depending on the purpose, technical borax is produced in two grades: A and B. Grade A borax is used in the production of non-ferrous metals, porcelain-ware, frits, for special and other purposes. Borax grade B is used in the production of enamels and glazes used in the manufacture technical equipment, plumbing products, in the process of wire drawing, as part of welding fluxes, solders and for other purposes.
Package
Borax is packaged in four-layer paper bags, film liner bags, inserted into flax-jute-kenaf, four-layer paper bags or bags lined with a rubber-bitumen mixture. It is allowed to pack the product in specialized soft containers for single use.
Transportation
Borax is transported by rail and road, in universal containers. The product, packaged in soft specialized containers, is transported on open rolling stock.
Storage
Borax is stored packaged in closed warehouses. The product, packaged in specialized soft disposable containers, can be stored in uncontaminated open areas that have a hard surface with water drainage under conditions that ensure the operation of cargo mechanisms.
Guaranteed shelf life of the product: 6 months from the date of manufacture.
Specifications
physical and chemical indicators
| Indicator name | Standard for the brand | |
| A | B | |
| 1. Appearance | White or colorless fine crystalline powder | |
| 2. Mass fraction borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O), %, not less | 99.5 | 94.0 |
| 3. Mass fraction of residue insoluble in water, %, no more | 0.04 | 0.1 |
| 4. Mass fraction of carbonates (CO32-), %, no more | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 5. Mass fraction of sulfates (SO42-), %, no more | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 6.* Mass fraction heavy metals(Pb2+), %, no more | 0.005 | 0.01 |
| 7.* Mass fraction of arsenic (As3+), %, no more | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Safety
Borax is fire- and explosion-proof, its toxicity is due to the main initial component - boric acid, which, in terms of the degree of impact on the body, belongs to substances of the 3rd hazard class.
Basic properties and types of hazard
| Basic properties | Free-flowing, white or colorless, crystalline product. |
| Explosion and fire hazard | Fire and explosion proof. |
| Danger to humans | The toxicity of the product is due to the main initial component - boric acid, which, in terms of the degree of impact on the body, belongs to substances of the 3rd hazard class. Borax enters the body when inhaled in the form of dust or aerosol, causing an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. If ingested in significant quantities, borax can cause poisoning. |
| Facilities personal protection | Overalls, safety shoes, safety glasses, “Petal” type respirator, hand protection. It is prohibited to eat, drink, or smoke. |
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Borax crystal
Mineral, important component chemical element boron and salt for boric acid. Borax powder white consists of colorless crystals that easily dissolve in water. The substance melts already at 60 degrees. If you bring the temperature to 320 degrees Celsius, the moisture contained in the crystals evaporates. The result is an anhydrous powder. To melt it, you need 741 degrees. The scale of borax production is wide due to the same scope of application of the substance.
See also:
STRUCTURE
Crystal structure of borax
The system is monoclinic, the type of symmetry is prismatic. The crystal structure is based on a radical consisting of two tetrahedra [BO 3 OH] and two triangles [BO 2 OH], which are linked by hydroxyl-hydrogen bonds with Na, forming Na(H 2 O) 6 octahedra with water molecules. Octahedrons are linked into columns, parallel axes With. Octahedral groups of water molecules around sodium atoms also form chains extending along the b axis. Chains of both types are valence-saturated and neutral, only weak forces interactions of OH groups. This causes the low hardness of borax.
PROPERTIES
Borax 12 x 16 cm. The size of individual crystals is 10-15 mm. Italy, Tuscany, province of Pisa, commune of Larderello
Borax is colorless or white, but often acquires a grayish, yellowish, bluish or greenish tint associated with the presence of mechanical impurities; it has a glassy, greasy luster. Hardness 2-2.5, density 1.7 g/cm3. Cleavage is perfect according to (100) and average according to (110). The directions of cleavage are parallel to those identified in crystal structure drills to chains. It dissolves well in water.
MORPHOLOGY
Forms short-prismatic (001) and tabular (100) crystals with parallel shading on some faces. The shape of the crystals is similar to pyroxene. Also distributed in earthy masses.
ORIGIN
Sodium tetraborate is borax
Borax is a typical evaporite mineral. It is formed in drying boron-bearing salt lakes (in Death Valley in the USA, on the Puna Plateau in Argentina, in Tibet, etc.). Accumulations of borax are formed in places where hydrothermal solutions are discharged in the peripheral parts of domes and travertine covers - the thermal springs of Coauyama in Argentina, Bura Hai in Turkey. In Russia, borax deposits are unknown; small quantities have been found in the mud hills of the Taman Peninsula.
APPLICATION
Use of borax as a neutral flux
Borax is used:
- in the production of enamels, glazes, optical and colored glasses;
- for soldering and melting as a flux;
- in the paper and pharmaceutical industries;
- in production building materials as an antiseptic component for the manufacture of cellulose insulation "Ekovata"
- as a disinfectant and preservative;
- as a standard substance for determining the concentration of acid solutions;
- For qualitative definition metal oxides (according to pearl color);
- in photography - in the composition of slow-acting developers as a weak accelerating substance;
- as a component detergents;
- as a component of cosmetics;
- as a raw material for boron production;
- as an insecticide in poison baits to kill cockroaches.
Borax - Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 * 8H 2 O
CLASSIFICATION
| Strunz (8th edition) | 5/H.10-30 |
| Nickel-Strunz (10th edition) | 6.DA.10 |
| Dana (8th edition) | 26.4.1.1 |
| Hey's CIM Ref. | 9.1.9 |
Borax (sodium borate) - crystals, melting point of borax - t pl = 60.8°C.
In nature, it is a mineral of the borate class, a chemical precipitate of drying boron-bearing salt lakes.
Borax crystals are transparent, colorless or grayish, have a greasy sheen, soluble in water (1 part in 14 parts of water); taste - sweetish-alkaline.
Chemical composition - Na 2 B 4 O 7 +10H 2 O corresponds to 16% sodium, 37% boric acid and 47% water.
Bura in large quantities deposited along the edges of Tibetan self-sedimented salt lakes, from where it was first introduced into Europe, under the local name tinkala.
Among other deposits, some small lakes in California should also be mentioned, especially the shallow lake " Cleare", in the silt of which large borax crystals are found.
Other deposits: Kashmir, Nevada desert, etc.
Borax is a raw material for the production of boric acid and other boron compounds, a component of fluxes for welding metals, a charge in the production of glazes, enamels, glass, detergents, electrolytes in metallurgy, an insecticide, an antiseptic, a preservative for leather processing, etc.
5 Easy Ways to Use Borax
1. Toilet bowl cleaner
Pour 1 cup of borax into the toilet and leave overnight. The next morning, scrub the toilet with a brush. Overnight, the borax will dissolve all stubborn deposits.
Borax also copes well with rust deposits.
2. Fight against fleas
Sprinkle borax in areas where dogs usually sleep (bedding, carpets) and generally anywhere you suspect fleas are nesting.
Borax releases boric acid, which is a poison (very large doses of this substance must be ingested in order to harm an animal or person).
3. Mold control
This method is good to use in areas where you need to remove mold and mildew, but where you don't have to worry about paint peeling off.
Make a paste of borax and water (quite thick). Spread it on the moldy surface. Leave overnight or longer.
Sweep away the dried powder and rinse off the rest with water.
4. Repelling mice
Sprinkle borax on the floor along the walls.
5. All-purpose detergent.
Mix 2 teaspoons of borax with 2 cups of water. Pour into a spray bottle.
Shake before use.
Card game, river in Novosibirsk region, 3 villages, antique city and the small people of Nigeria. It's all borax. However, the word has another meaning. This is what the mineral is called.
By chemical formula he is a borate. The stone turned brown because of its color. white. The name of the crystals is translated in the same way. Concept taken from Persian language. What does it mean for humanity, further.
What is borax
Borax is a substance that is soluble in water. It takes 14 parts to 1 part sodium borate. The mineral can also be found in nature in this form. It is dissolved in water bodies and is also found in bottom sediments. These abound in the salt lakes of India and Tibet. In Asian countries the stone is not called brown, and tinkal.
The substance melts already at 60 degrees. If you bring the temperature to 320 degrees Celsius, the moisture contained in it evaporates. The result is an anhydrous powder. To melt it, you need 741 degrees.
Borax crystals can be almost transparent or grayish, but always have a characteristic bold color. The stone seems to be oiled. It tastes not greasy, but rather sweet. Geologists may give the mineral a little lick to make sure it is identified correctly.
Production and use of borax
In the Middle Ages, borax was obtained in. The raw materials were mined in the very lakes of India, but purified on the lands of Italy. Crystals were delivered here from eastern country in bags made of skins.
In Venice, the mineral was crystallized from aqueous solution, freeing from impurities. The substance is still produced in this way, but on a global scale.
The scale of borax production is wide due to the same scope of application of the substance. It can be found in pharmacies. Doctors have long recognized sodium borate as an antiseptic. The main form of release is borax in glycerin. In particular, it is prescribed for fungal skin diseases.
There is also jewelry borax. It is used as a soldering compound. When fastening metal parts, it is necessary to clean their surface, otherwise the connection will not be strong. Surface treatment is carried out using brown powder. It is ideal when working with, and.
In glass production it is also necessary borax. Buy The product is intended to act both as a flux and as a binding component of fiberglass. Without sodium borate, the final product is brittle and of poor quality. Borax significantly increases resistance to mechanical and chemical influences.
E-285 is a food preservative. The same drill is hidden under the digital code. In Russia and European countries, the use of the additive is prohibited. The toxicity of the substance is minimal, but sodium borate is not excreted from the body.
The preservative accumulates and the toxic effect on the body increases. Previously, E-285 was used everywhere to preserve margarines, oils, and caviar. The additive is still allowed, but only in third world countries.
Borax enters the charge. This is the initial mixture of components for the production of glazes. Therefore, the substance is contained in the coatings of dishes and ceramic tiles. There are also household chemicals borax. Price detergents includes the cost of a water softener, which is sodium borate.
IN pure form The mineral is used on the farm for cleaning plumbing fixtures. It is brought to shine with ground mineral. They also sprinkle it on the furs so that they are not eaten by moths. Yes, and the powder helps against fleas.
In textile production, borax is used to etch fabrics. The concept is not related to poisoning; it only means surface treatment before painting.
Borate allows dyes to be distributed evenly and reliably fixed in fabric fibers. If the material sheds a lot when washed, it was probably not etched with borax.
Of course, the substance is also used in the production of boric acid. But there is also a reverse cycle, when borax is obtained from boric acid and. This process was first carried out by Enouville - French chemist. The experiment was carried out in 1748.
Is borax harmful to human health?
As already said in the example food additives, sodium borate is toxic. But, harmful effect so minimal that in small doses it does not have a negative effect.
As Hippocrates said: “everything is medicine, and everything is poison.” Only the doses are important. So, in medicine it is allowed even for pregnant women borax.