Potassium iron hexacyanoferrate - instructions, use, indications, contraindications, action, side effects, analogues, composition, dosage. Visitor start date report

Potassium iron hexacyanoferrate is a complexing drug that is prescribed in the presence of intoxication with certain radioisotopes, as well as for the prevention of this condition.

Composition and release form

The drug is produced by the pharmaceutical industry in tablet form, where active compound is potassium iron hexacyanoferrate, presented in an amount of 500 milligrams. In addition, the tablets also contain auxiliary components.

The tablets are produced in blister packs, which are sealed in cardboard packs; on their end you can see the production date medicinal product In addition, there is a sales date, which corresponds to four years from the date of manufacture of the medicine.

In addition, the pharmaceutical industry produces the drug Potassium-iron hexacyanoferrate in small glass jars, they are quite dark, inside there are tablets in the amount of 500 or 1000 pieces.

It is recommended to store the complexing drug in a darkened room, since in the light the tablet form will lose its therapeutic properties. The drug is dispensed upon prior request to specialized medical institutions.

In addition to the tablet form, this drug is produced in the form of a homogeneous, fine powder, from which a medicinal suspension is prepared by dissolving the drug in a certain amount of water.

pharmachologic effect

The complexing compound Potassium-iron hexacyanoferrate acts on radioactive isotopes, firmly binding them, in particular, the drug is active against cesium and rubidium. After taking the pills, they active substance prevents the absorption of isotopes from the intestine, as a result, their excretion from the intestine is accelerated human body.

Indications for use

The drug Potassium-iron hexacyanoferrate is indicated for use in case of intoxication in humans with fission products of uranium, in addition, radioisotopes of rubidium, as well as cesium.

In addition, a complexing drug is prescribed to prevent the accumulation of radioisotopes in the body, which can enter the body with food.

Contraindications for use

Among the contraindications to the use of a complex-forming drug are: increased sensitivity to drug substances.

Application and dosage

The medicine Potassium-iron hexacyanoferrate is intended for internal use. Typically, tablets are prescribed to adult patients in the amount of one gram three times a day. The complexing drug is washed down with a sufficient volume of liquid, at least a third of a glass; it is better to use ordinary boiled water.

IN pediatric practice the drug is used from the age of two years, and the child is prescribed a dosage equal to 0.5 grams up to three times throughout the day. The medication is taken daily, and the therapeutic course can last up to thirty days.

During treatment, it is recommended to monitor the removal of radionuclides from the body; depending on the parameters obtained, the doctor can adjust the dosage of the complexing agent, reducing or increasing the amount of the drug.

The drug, which is produced by the pharmaceutical industry in the form of a fine powder, is intended for the preparation of a medicinal suspension. To do this, it is recommended to dissolve the amount of medicine prescribed by the doctor in one hundred milliliters boiled water, after which the resulting mixture is consumed orally.

It is worth noting that the use of potassium iron hexacyanoferrate together with medicines, containing alkali metals, will reduce the effectiveness of the latter.

When a complexing drug is prescribed simultaneously with medications from the diuretic group, it can lead to a decrease in potassium in the bloodstream, that is, to hypokalemia.

Side effects

When using the drug, some patients may develop allergic reactions, which manifest themselves in the form of dermatological symptoms, for example, the patient may feel redness of the skin, swelling of the skin, and itching of the skin may occur.

In addition to allergic manifestations, side effects can be expressed in the form of a violation of the evacuation function of the intestines, in particular, diarrhea will be noted, which in severe cases can lead to dehydration of the body. If symptoms are severe, the patient is advised to consult a qualified doctor in a timely manner.

Drug overdose

If an overdose of tablets occurs, then you should urgently begin gastric lavage. If the patient experiences discomfort, it is necessary to call a doctor.

special instructions

When it changes physical and chemical properties medicine for it further application worth abstaining.

Analogs

The drug Ferrocin belongs to analogue drugs.

Conclusion

We reviewed the drug Potassium-iron hexacyanoferrate, instructions, use, its indications, contraindications, action, side effects, analogs, dosage, composition. The drug should be used only on the recommendation of a competent specialist.

(CN) 6 ] to Fe 4 3 . Turnboole blue obtained by other methods, for which one would expect the formula Fe 3 2, is in fact the same mixture of substances.

Prussian Sign

HEX	003153
RGB¹ ( , , )	(0, 49, 83)
CMYK ( , , , )	(63, 35, 14, 72)
HSV² ( , , )	(205°, 100%, 43%)
Normalized to Normalized to

History and origin of the name

The exact date of receipt of Prussian blue is unknown. According to the most common version, it was obtained at the beginning of the 18th century (1706) in Berlin by the dyer Diesbach. In some sources he is called Johann Jacob Diesbach (German: Johann Jacob Diesbach).

According to a version published in 1731 by the physician and chemist Stahl, key role Johann Conrad Dippel played a role in the invention and promotion of Prussian blue to the market, along with Diesbach - German doctor, alchemist and adventurer. According to one version, Diesbach simply created a new pigment while working in Dippel's laboratory in Berlin. According to another, set forth by the modern French historian Michel Pastoureau, Diesbach, an apothecary and paint merchant, bought low-quality potash from Dippel, used to precipitate the cochineal infusion. The potash sold by Dippel had previously been used by him to purify bone oil, as a result of which, instead of the usual red, Diesbach obtained a magnificent blue precipitate. Diesbach turned to Dippel with questions, and he already established the production of a new pigment and hid its composition for ten years, thanks to which he made a fortune. In 1724, the recipe was discovered and published by the English chemist John Woodworth, after which Prussian blue began to be produced throughout Europe.

The intense bright blue color of the compound and the location of its origin give rise to the name. WITH modern point In theory, the production of Prussian blue consisted of the precipitation of iron(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) by adding iron(II) salts (for example, “iron sulfate”) to the “yellow blood salt” and subsequent oxidation to iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II). It was possible to do without oxidation if iron(III) salts were immediately added to the “yellow blood salt”.

Under the name “Paris blue”, purified “Prussian blue” was at one time proposed.

Receipt

The preparation method was kept secret until the publication of the production method by the Englishman Woodward in 1724.

Prussian blue can be obtained by adding ferric salts to solutions of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (“yellow blood salt”). In this case, depending on the conditions, the reaction can proceed according to the equations:

Fe III Cl 3 + K 4 → KFe III + 3KCl,

or, in ionic form

Fe 3+ + 4− → Fe −

The resulting potassium iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) is soluble and is therefore called "soluble Prussian blue".

IN structural diagram soluble Prussian blue (crystalline hydrate of the type KFe III ·H 2 O), the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ atoms are located in crystal lattice are of the same type, but in relation to cyanide groups they are unequal, the prevailing tendency is to be located between carbon atoms, and Fe 3+ - between nitrogen atoms.

4Fe III Cl 3 + 3K 4 → Fe III 4 3 ↓ + 12KCl,

or, in ionic form

4Fe 3+ + 3 4− → Fe III 4 3 ↓

The resulting insoluble (solubility 2⋅10 −6 mol/l) precipitate of iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) is called "insoluble Prussian blue".

The above reactions are used in analytical chemistry to determine the presence of Fe 3+ ions.

Another method is to add potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) salts (“red blood salt”) to solutions ferrous iron. The reaction also occurs with the formation of soluble and insoluble forms (see above), for example, according to the equation (in ionic form):

4Fe 2+ + 3 3− → Fe III 4 3 ↓

Previously, it was believed that this would result in the formation of iron(II) hexacyanoferrate(III), that is, Fe II 3 2; this is exactly the formula proposed for “Turnboole blue.” It is now known (see above) that Turnboole blue and Prussian blue are the same substance, and during the reaction, electrons transfer from Fe 2+ ions to hexacyanoferrate(III) ion (valence rearrangement of Fe 2+ + to Fe 3 + + occurs almost instantly; the reverse reaction can be carried out in a vacuum at 300 °C).

This reaction is also analytical and is used, accordingly, for the determination of Fe 2+ ions.

In the ancient method of producing Prussian blue, when solutions of yellow blood salt and iron sulfate were mixed, the reaction proceeded according to the equation:

Fe II SO 4 + K 4 → K 2 Fe II + K 2 SO 4.

The resulting white precipitate of potassium-iron(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) (Everitt's salt) is quickly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to potassium-iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II), that is, Prussian blue.

Properties

The thermal decomposition of Prussian blue follows the following schemes:

at 200 °C:

3Fe 4 3 →(t) 6(CN) 2 + 7Fe 2

at 560 °C:

Fe 2 →(t) 3N 2 + Fe 3 C + 5C

An interesting property of the insoluble form of Prussian blue is that, being a semiconductor, when cooled very strongly (below 5.5 K) it becomes a ferromagnet - unique property among metal coordination compounds.

Application

As a pigment

The color of iron blue changes from dark blue to light blue as the potassium content increases. The intense bright blue color of Prussian blue is probably due to the simultaneous presence of iron in various degrees oxidation, since the presence in compounds of one element in different degrees oxidation often results in the appearance or intensification of color.

Dark azure is hard, difficult to wet and disperse, glazes in paints and, floating up, gives mirror reflection yellow-red rays (“bronzing”).

Iron glaze, thanks to its good hiding power and beautiful blue color, is widely used as a pigment for the manufacture of paints and enamels.

It is also used in the production of printing inks, blue carbon paper, and tinting colorless polymers such as polyethylene.

The use of iron glaze is limited by its instability in relation to alkalis, under the influence of which it decomposes with the release of iron hydroxide Fe(OH) 3. It cannot be used in composite materials, containing alkaline components, and for painting on lime plaster.

In such materials, the organic pigment phthalocyanine blue is usually used as a blue pigment.

Medicine

Also used as an antidote (Ferrocin tablets) for poisoning with thallium and cesium salts, to bind incoming gastrointestinal tract radioactive nuclides and thereby prevents their absorption. ATX code V03AB31. The pharmacopoeial drug Ferrocin was approved by the Pharmaceutical Committee and the USSR Ministry of Health in 1978 for use in acute poisoning human cesium isotopes. Ferrocine consists of 5% potassium iron hexacyanoferrate KFe and 95% iron hexacyanoferrate Fe43.

Veterinary drug

For the rehabilitation of lands contaminated after Chernobyl disaster, a veterinary drug was created based on the medical active component Ferrocin-Bifezh. Listed in State Register medicines for veterinary use under number 46-3-16.12-0827 No. PVR-3-5.5/01571.

The drug Bifezh is Prussian blue (10%) applied to an organic carrier - cellulose granules (90%). The use of a carrier simplifies dosing at home.

In initial tests, Prussian blue preparations reduced the transition of the radioisotope Cs-137 from pasture into milk and meat by 1.5–6 times. Further research showed that daily addition of 30 g of the drug Bifezh to feed reduces the content of radiocesium in the muscle tissue of cows, bulls and sheep by 12-13 times, internal organs- 25-90 times, in cow's milk- 10-20 times. The use of more than 500 tons of the drug Bifezh from 1993 to 2003 made it possible to rehabilitate more than 250 thousand cows and clear more than 500 thousand tons of milk from radiocesium in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Other Applications

Before wet copying of documents and drawings was replaced by dry copying, Prussian blue was the main pigment produced in the process. photocopying(so-called “blueing”, cyanotype process).

In a mixture with oily materials, it is used to control the tightness of surfaces and the quality of their processing. To do this, the surfaces are rubbed with the specified mixture, then combined. Remains of unerased blue mixture indicate deeper places.

Also used as a complexing agent, for example to produce prussids.

In the 19th century, it was used in Russia and China to tint dormant tea leaves, as well as to recolor black tea green.

Toxicity

Is not toxic substance, although it contains the cyanide anion CN−, since it is tightly bound in the stable complex hexacyanoferrate 4− anion (the instability constant of this anion is only 4⋅10−36).

Physical properties

On appearance yellow crystals or crystalline powder. Powder soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol, ether.

Chemical properties and methods of preparation

Potassium ferrocyanide is obtained by processing the cyanide-containing mass remaining after gas purification in gas production. For this purpose, the specified mass is treated with a suspension of calcium hydroxide and the resulting Ca 2 compound is filtered, after which it is sequentially treated with potassium chloride and potassium carbonate according to the following scheme:

Ca 2 + 2KCl → K 2 Ca + CaCl 2

K 2 Ca + K 2 CO 3 → K 4 + CaCO 3

In addition, potassium ferrocyanide is obtained by reacting ferrous sulfate with potassium cyanide:

FeSO 4 + 6KCN → K 4 + K 2 SO 4

The content of the main substance in the final product is at least 99.0%.

Source #3

Hygienic standards

Hazards according to GN-98: MPC in the air working area 4 mg/m3, hazard class 3. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed as an additive that prevents caking and caking in table salt and salt substitutes in amounts up to 20 mg/kg individually or in combination with other ferrocyanides in terms of potassium ferrocyanide (clause 3.5 .7 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); residues are not allowed in wine materials (clause 3.2.24 of SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).

Application

Potassium ferrocyanide - added to table salt as an anti-caking agent, but most actively used for demetallization of wines. According to the Instructions for the treatment of wines with yellow blood salt, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation on May 5, 1998, such treatment is allowed solely for the purpose of removing excess heavy metal cations from wine, which have adverse influence on its taste and stability. Immediately before processing, an analysis must be carried out, based on the results of which it is calculated required amount yellow blood salt. The amount of yellow blood salt is determined based on the removal from wine in one processing cycle of no more than 90% of heavy metal cations from their general content. Wines containing more than 40 mg/dm3 of heavy metal cations (calculated as iron) are processed in several stages. Wines containing less than 3 mg/dm3 of heavy metal cations cannot be treated with yellow blood salt.

The wine is treated with a freshly prepared aqueous solution of yellow blood salt with stirring. It is recommended to combine wine processing with fining. After settling until clarification, which can last no more than 20 days, the wine, if there is no excess liquid substances in it, is decanted from the sediment and, if necessary, filtered. The sediment consists mainly of Prussian blue and is transferred to chemical plants or destroyed. Wines treated with yellow blood salt before bottling, aging, champagne, etc. be sure to check for the presence of liquid substances, heavy metal cations and Prussian blue sediment in them according to the approved method. If liquid substances are found in finished wine, its release is prohibited.

Potassium ferrocyanide according to GOST 4207-75 “Potassium iron-sine-hydrogenous 3-water” is included in the list of raw materials in GOST 13918-88 “Soviet champagne. Technical conditions", GOST 28616-90 "Fruit wines. Are common technical specifications", GOST 28685-90 "Sparkling wines. General technical conditions".

Source #2

List of used literature

Volkov, A.I., Zharsky, I.M. Big chemical reference book/ A.I. Volkov, I.M. Zharsky. - Mn.: Modern school, 2005. - 608 with ISBN 985-6751-04-7.
Sarafanova L. A. Nutritional supplements: Encyclopedia. - 2nd ed., rev. and additional - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 2004. - 808 p. ISBN 5-901065-79-4 [p. 627-628]
Lastukhin Yu.O. Kharchovy additives. E-code. Budova. Obsession. Authority. Navch. Pos_bnik. - Lviv: Center of Europe, 2009. - 836 p. ISBN 978-966-7022-83-9 [p. 624-625]

Analogues of the drug potassium-ferric hexacyanoferrate are presented, in accordance with medical terminology, called “synonyms” - drugs that are interchangeable in their effects on the body, containing one or more identical active ingredients. When selecting synonyms, consider not only their cost, but also the country of production and the reputation of the manufacturer.

Description of the drug

Potassium-ferric hexacyanoferrate- Complexing compound. Strongly binds radioactive isotopes of cesium, rubidium and thallium, preventing their absorption from the intestine, which allows for faster elimination from the body.

List of analogues

Note! The list contains synonyms for Potassium-ferric hexacyanoferrate, which have a similar composition, so you can choose a replacement yourself, taking into account the form and dose of the medicine prescribed by your doctor. Give preference to manufacturers from the USA, Japan, Western Europe, as well as well-known companies from of Eastern Europe: KRKA, Gedeon Richter, Actavis, Aegis, Lek, Hexal, Teva, Zentiva.

Reviews

Below are the results of surveys of site visitors about the drug potassium-ferric hexacyanoferrate. They reflect the personal feelings of the respondents and cannot be used as an official recommendation for treatment with this drug. We strongly recommend that you contact a qualified medical specialist to select a personal course of treatment.