– formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 “On amendments to the list of federal districts approved by the Presidential Decree Russian Federation dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 “Issues of the system and structure of federal bodies executive power"by separation from the Southern Federal District. The center of the North Caucasus Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000, the name North Caucasian federal district was worn by the Southern Federal District.
North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD)– includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasus Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are included in the North Caucasus Economic Region.
Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, agriculture, production of building materials.
North Caucasus remains the most conflict-ridden region in Russia.
NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
Administrative center North Caucasus Federal District - Pyatigorsk
Administrative center of Makhachkala
- Administrative center of Magas
- Administrative center of Vladikavkaz
- Administrative center of Nalchik
- Administrative center of Cherkessk
- Administrative center of Grozny
- Administrative center of Stavropol
Cities of the North Caucasus Federal District.
Cities in the Republic of Dagestan: Buynaksk, Dagestan Lights, Derbent, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, Kizilyurt, Kizlyar, Khasavyurt, Yuzhno-Sukhokumsk. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Makhachkala.
Cities in the Republic of Ingushetia: Karabulak, Malgobek, Nazran. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Magas.
Cities in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania: Alagir, Ardon, Beslan, Digora, Mozdok. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Vladikavkaz.
Cities in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic: Baksan, Maisky, Nartkala, Prokhladny, Terek, Tyrnyauz, Chegem. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Nalchik.
Cities in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic: Karachaevsk, Teberda, Ust-Dzheguta. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Cherkessk.
Cities in the Chechen Republic: Argun, Gudermes, Urus-Martan, Shali. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Grozny.
Cities in the Stavropol Territory: Grateful, Budyonnovsk, Georgievsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Zelenokumsk, Izobilny, Ipatovo, Kislovodsk, Lermontov, Mineralnye Vody, Mikhailovsk, Nevinnomyssk, Neftekumsk, Novoaleksandrovsk, Novopavlovsk, Pyatigorsk, Svetlograd. The administrative center of the federal district is the city Stavropol.
The North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) includes seven constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including: six republics (Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian, Karachay-Cherkess, Chechen, North Ossetia - Alania) and the Stavropol Territory. The center of the district is the city of Pyatigorsk. This is one of the southernmost federal districts of the Russian Federation. The south of Russia is not only rich in natural resources and economically promising, it also contains a huge cultural and spiritual heritage of many peoples and generations. And all this potential today is skillfully used to ensure progressive development North Caucasian Federal District.
Population and national composition. According to 2009 data, about 8,215,263 people live in the district. - representatives of about 100 nations, nationalities and ethnic groups. This is 5.8% of all Russians. North Caucasus District- the most multinational region of Russia. Dagestan alone is home to 30 nationalities: Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks and many others.
National composition: Russians - 2,743,000 people. (30.1%); Chechens - 1,485,215 people. (16.3%)4; Avars - 785,314 people. (8.6%); Kabardians - 516,632 people. (5.6%); Dargins - 498,655 people. (5.4%)4 Ingush - 483,152 people. (5.3%); Ossetians - 476,458 people. (5.2%); Kumyks - 401,007 people. (4.3%); Lezgins - 359,547 people. (3.9%); Armenians - 260,055 people. (2.8%); Karachais - 187,588 people. (2.0%); Laks - 147,964 people. (1.6%); Tabasarans - 117,732 people. (1.2%); Balkars - 106,777 people. (1.1%); Azerbaijanis - 105,480 people. (1.1%).
Geographical location and Natural resources. The importance of a district is largely determined by its geographical location. The resource base of the North Caucasus Federal District is one of the richest in the country. Fuel and energy resources are represented by oil, natural gas, coal. According to international experts, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, the Caspian Basin region may soon become third in the world in energy production after the Middle East and Siberia. Important role such deposits as Severo-Stavropolskoye and Dagestan Ogni play a role. Oil reserves are concentrated in the Republic of Ingushetia and Chechen Republic.
Colored deposits, rare metals, tungsten-molybdenum ores are concentrated in Kabardino-Balkaria (Tyrny-Auz deposit), Karachay-Cherkessia (Ktiteberda deposit), lead-zinc ores - in North Ossetia(Sadonskoye deposit), copper - in Karachay-Cherkessia and Dagestan (Kizil-Dere deposit), mercury - in North Ossetia. Non-metallic minerals of the region - barite, sulfur and rock salt, located in the largest deposit in Russia in lakes Elton and Baskunchak.
Economy. The basis of the district's economy is made up of basic industries, which are based on the use of local raw materials and energy resources. The most important industry is productive agriculture, which specializes in the cultivation of grain and industrial crops, sheep breeding and meat and dairy farming.
Leading place in a complex for the production of non-food products consumer consumption occupied by industries focused on processing livestock raw materials: leather and footwear industry (Nalchik, Vladikavkaz), production of washed wool and woolen fabrics, carpet weaving (Makhachkala).
One of the areas of foreign trade activity is the development of tourism and sanatorium-resort facilities in the south of Russia with its unique healing springs of the Kavminvod, the pristine beauty of the Caucasus mountains (Dombay, Teberda). Of the 150 climatic, balneological, balneological and mud resorts in the country, the majority are located in the North Caucasus Federal District. Abundance of healing mineral springs, mud (Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk) and warm sea waters provides excellent conditions for improving health and relaxation. The mountainous landscape of the district attracts Russian and foreign travelers and athletes. The resort and tourism business in the North Caucasian Federal District is one of the most effective directions economy of the region, the development of which will be facilitated by the improvement of existing centers of all-Russian significance, the redistribution of flows of vacationers across the territory, the creation of new conditions for winter species recreation, construction of modern resort complexes, providing high service to tourists.
The main socio-economic indicators of the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts are presented in table. 8.8.
– formed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 “On introducing amendments to the list of federal districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies" by separation from the Southern Federal District The center of the North Caucasus Federal District is the city of Pyatigorsk.
From May 13 to June 21, 2000, the name of the North Caucasus Federal District was borne by the Southern Federal District.
North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD)– includes 7 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River, in the central and eastern part of the North Caucasus, from the east the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District is washed by the Caspian Sea. In the west and north, the North Caucasus Federal District borders on the Southern Federal District, in the east - on Kazakhstan, in the south - on Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are included in the North Caucasus Economic Region.
Significant oil reserves are concentrated on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The main sectors of the economy of the North Caucasus Federal District: extraction and processing of thermal and mineral waters, tourism, agriculture, production of building materials.
The North Caucasus remains the most conflict-ridden region in Russia.
NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Area 172,360 sq. km.
Administrative center of the North Caucasus Federal District - city of Pyatigorsk
The North Caucasus is a historical and cultural region of the Russian Federation and is part of it under the name of the North Caucasus Federal District. Located on the territory of the Ciscaucasia, as well as in the northern part of the slope of the Greater Caucasus Range (without the eastern part, which is under the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan) and western part to the Psou River (the border of the Russian Federation and Abkhazia runs along it). It is one of the most multinational regions of Russia, most whose territory is occupied by agricultural land (more than 70%).
The North Caucasus includes the following subjects of the Russian Federation: 2 autonomous territories (Krasnodar and Stavropol), 7 republics (Adygea, Dagestan; Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetian, Ingush and Chechen).
Population of the North Caucasus
The North Caucasus is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia; the population, according to the latest statistics, is 9.7 million people, which is 6.6% of the total population of the Russian Federation. Population density - 52 people per 1 km 2 (second highest density after Central Federal District), urban population - 49.1%.
The North Caucasus Federal District is the only one in the country where it is not the Russian and Slavic population that predominates, but the titular nation, which includes a large number of Nationalities have several ethno-linguistic families, which in turn are divided into groups. For example, in the Ingush Republic, the population is dominated by Ingush and Chechens, Russians are third in number, in the Dagestan Republic Russians are eighth. According to the latest census data in this region of Russia, Russian nationality made up 9.4% of the total population. In first place are the Chechens, then, in descending order, come the Avars, Dargins, Kabardians, Ossetians, Kumyks, Ingush, Lezgins, etc.
Industry of the North Caucasus
IN economically farming of this region belongs to the North Caucasus economic region Russian Federation. The leading industries of its market specialization are the mechanical engineering complex, food and light industry, coal and petrochemical production, cement industry, developed agriculture, as well as unique recreational resources, which became the main basis for the development of the resort industry.
The electric power complex is the basis of the economy of this region. Mainly thermal and hydraulic power plants operate here, the largest thermal power plants operate in the Krasnodar Territory, Nevinnomyssk, Grozny, hydroelectric power stations - Tsimlyanskaya, Belorechenskaya, Baksanskaya, etc.
The oil refining complex is one of the oldest in the Russian Federation; traditional oil refining areas are concentrated in Grozny, Tuapse, Krasnodar, and new ones are in the Ciscaucasia. Gas production - Stavropol and Krasnodar region, Chechnya and Dagestan - production of gas condensate, a very valuable raw material for chemical industry. Coal is mined in the Rostov region, where the spurs of the Donbass Ridge, rich in fuel minerals, want to go.
Due to the presence of a raw material base for the development of the metallurgical complex in the region, there are such enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy as an electrozinc plant in Vladikavkaz, a mining and processing plant in the Urup region of Karachay-Cherkessia, a tungsten-molybdenum plant in Tyrnyauz, various metallurgical enterprises producing steel, pipes and steel casting.
The engineering complex is represented by the following industries: production of agricultural machinery (the largest enterprise is OJSC Rostselmash in Rostov-on-Don), technological and drilling equipment for oil and gas fields, production of electric locomotive transport (in Novocherkassk), shipbuilding engineering (river and sea directions). Sectors of precision engineering that are completely new to this region are growing and developing, such as instrument making, electrical engineering, and nuclear engineering (JSC EMK-Atommash in Volgodonsk, boiler plant in Taganrog). Production of helicopters, airplanes and seaplanes - OJSC Rostvertol, OJSC TANTK im. G. M. Beriev", automotive engineering - OJSC "TagAz" in Taganrog.
Cement production is the leader in the construction industry; the North Caucasus is the leading producer and exporter of cement in the region.
Light industry includes such industries as footwear, leather (enterprises in Rostov-on-Don, Nalchik, Shakhty, Vladikavkaz) and textile production. The production of knitted products and the clothing industry, the production of washed wool and fabrics and carpets based on it are well developed (Makhachkala, Krasnodar Territory).
The unique natural resources of the region (a large number of mineral springs, deposits of therapeutic mud, the mild climate of the foothills and beautiful landscapes) provided the basis for the development of the resort industry, which is one of the leading industries. There are two resort groups: Mineral and Black Sea. Here are the most famous Russian resorts such as Anapa, Sochi, Gelendzhik, 150 boarding houses and holiday homes. In the Stavropol Territory there is a group of resorts with medicinal sources mineral waters, these are Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk. A large number of skiers and climbers annually visit the Dombay and Teberda areas in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, as well as the Baksan Gorge in Kabardino-Balkaria.
Agriculture of the North Caucasus
For products agro-industrial complex accounts for about 50% of all products manufactured in North Caucasus region. Its basis is sufficiently developed agriculture, which has favorable climatic conditions for this.
Grain farming is a leading industry Agriculture, winter wheat is mainly grown here (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov region, west of the Stavropol Territory). Large areas Agricultural lands are occupied by crops of corn and rice (Kuban plavni, irrigated lands of Rostov land and Dagestan). A large number of industrial crops are grown in the region: sunflower, sugar beets and tobacco; horticulture and viticulture are also developed here. Black Sea coast Krasnodar region- the only region of the Russian Federation where subtropical crops such as tea, persimmon, figs, and citrus fruits are grown.
Livestock farming is dominated by cattle breeding, pig farming and poultry farming. Important The region's economy has developed sheep breeding, especially its fine-fleece branch. Half of all Russian fine wool is produced in the North Caucasus region.