Our next story from the “Collectors and Collections” series is dedicated to Alexander Alexandrovich Kotlyarevsky and his son Nestor Alexandrovich.

Alexander Kotlyarevsky

Alexander Kotlyarevsky - philologist, historian, archaeologist, ethnographer - was a prominent figure in the firmament of Russian historical science in the mid-19th century. He was born in 1837 in Kremenchug, in the family of a modest landowner. In 1853, after graduating from the Poltava gymnasium, Kotlyarevsky entered Moscow University. At first he specialized in Russian philology, but towards the end of his studies he became interested in Slavic studies. Kotlyarevsky found another galaxy of wonderful Moscow professors: T.N. Granovsky, P.I. Kudryavtseva, F.I. Buslaev, and Slavic studies at the University was taught by O.M. Bodyansky. Even in his student years (very poor, it should be noted) Alexander Kotlyarevsky began collecting his library. Alexander Veselovsky recalls: “Since the mid-fifties, an unusually unique personality began to noticeably emerge in student circles in Moscow; both by type and by dialect he was a blood-born Little Russian; life was in full swing in him, fire sparkled in his intelligent eyes, his speech amazed him with wit; extremely active, the main instigator of serious disputes and the most amusing pranks, he at the same time surprised everyone with his passionate passion for science. In his modest student room on the very tower of one of the old houses on Arbat Square, a library, rare for a student, gradually accumulated, his main treasure - and among other comrades it aroused some kind of special, almost fearful respect for him...” In the memoirs of his contemporaries, Kotlyarevsky appears exemplary “pre-reform student”: a passionate supporter of the movement, struggle, breaking the obsolete and inert; the ideal of a future public figure, publicist, critic.
Alexander Kotlyarevsky graduated from the University in 1863 - the best student of Professor F.I. Buslaeva. A teaching career awaited him: for starters, in the Alexandrinsky Orphan Cadet Corps. Kotlyarevsky becomes “one of famous teachers in Moscow; both in large schools... and in private lessons, as soon as he showed up and set things up, everything began to move, became interested, rushed to read and work,” Veselovsky continues his story. “He took with him from the university classroom and from his student closet all that passion for the science of nationality that warmed him own life and knew how to pass it on to teenagers.” However, he took the candidate's exam only four years later and in St. Petersburg, and not in Moscow - the reason was a conflict with a professor of theology. Kotlyarevsky collaborates a lot with magazines: he writes for Russian Messenger, Otechestvennye Zapiski, and since 1859 for Moskovskoye Obozreniye. In 1862, Alexander Kotlyarevsky got married, a direct road to the title of professor at Moscow University and successful teaching and scientific activities lined up ahead... But in the same year, 1862, an event occurred that changed his whole life. The indirect cause of the troubles (not to say catastrophe) turned out to be Kotlyarevsky’s love for the book. In one of the Moscow houses he met the emissary of Alexander Herzen, emigrant V.I. Kelsiev, who secretly arrived in Moscow with a false passport. Kelsiev was interested in the schism; they talked. According to another version, Kotlyarevsky did not see Kelsiev at all, but only knew about his arrival and the topic that interested him. It is a known fact: Kotlyarevsky gave Kelsiev Novitsky’s book “On the Doukhobors” with his autograph. Having gone abroad, Kelsiev boasted of meeting Kotlyarevsky (and not only him!) in a letter to a Moscow acquaintance. The letter was intercepted, Alexander Kotlyarevsky was arrested and placed in the Peter and Paul Fortress. He was released six months later, with incipient consumption and a wolf ticket, with a ban on serving in the “educational department,” that is, teaching. It is worth noting that Kelsiev’s letter brought trouble not only to the hero of our story: A.N. Afanasyev, also mentioned in the ill-fated message, lost his place in the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was forced to sell his library. Some books from Afanasyev’s collection are now kept in the State Public Library; we plan to talk about him in our series about collectors. As for Kelsiev, in 1867, having wandered around Europe quite a bit, he returned to Russia and renounced revolutionary views and was pardoned by Emperor Alexander II. Kotlyarevsky remained under police supervision until 1869.
In the Peter and Paul Fortress, Kotlyarevsky was allowed to write, and in 1862, his “Note on bibliography in relation to the science of Russian antiquity and nationality” appeared in “Notes of the Fatherland” under the title “In memory of Russian bibliographers.” “All the instructions that we will have to make in continuation of this note,” writes Kotlyarevsky, “we do from memory, without any reference to books, which at the moment, due to some circumstances, are completely inaccessible to us... Let our bibliographers serve Russian science, but this requires strict preliminary work, a strict systematic method.”
Since 1864, Alexander Kotlyarevsky has been a fellow secretary and librarian of the Moscow Archaeological Society, editor of the Archaeological Bulletin, and museum curator. Count A. Uvarov, founder of the Archaeological Society, takes part in his fate.

A brochure from the library of A. Kotlyarevsky, woven into a convolute. From the Uvarov Foundation to the GPIB.

Since 1867, Kotlyarevsky was allowed to teach, but only in Dorpat, where he worked from 1868 to 1873. He is listed as “an extraordinary professor of the Russian language in particular and Slavic linguistics in general.”
Only in 1875, Alexander Kotlyarevsky, who had already defended his master’s and doctoral dissertations and was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, received permission to “serve in the educational department” without restrictions. Kyiv University makes significant efforts to “amnesty” the famous scientist - and immediately invites Alexander Alexandrovich to the position of professor. But his health was undermined in prison: according to his friends, “in a sickly creature with haggard facial features... it would be in vain to look for similarities with his former... sparkling nature.”
Alexander Kotlyarevsky passed away on September 29, 1881, he was only 44 years old. He left more than 100 scientific works, among which the largest are devoted to Slavic antiquities: dissertations “Funeral customs of the pagan Slavs”, “Antiquities of the legal life of the Baltic Slavs”, “Book about the antiquities and history of the Pomeranian Slavs in the 12th century”, “A look at ancient life” based on popular popular prints”, “The Tale of Russian Bogatyrs”. As training course he prepared and read the “encyclopedia of the Slavs.” But today we will talk about the legacy of Alexander Kotlyarevsky as a bibliophile and collector.
A.N. Pypin in his work “Essay on the biography of Professor A.A. Kotlyarevsky” says: “His collection, it seems, from the very beginning acquired a special and deliberately adopted character. In our hands was a catalog of his library from 1858, when he had just left the university bench: the library even then had a certain character - works on it were found in it. general issues science, and then foreign, especially German works on language, mythology, custom, and everything significant that our literature represented in this area at that time. Subsequently, these beginnings grew into a wonderful special library, the only one of its kind in our country... He [Kotlyarevsky] wanted his library to be a complete collection of literature on the subject and, as it were, a visually collected history of science.”
Kotlyarevsky’s library contained books in Russian, ancient, Western European and Slavic languages, publications mainly from the 18th – 19th centuries. There are books from the 17th – early 18th centuries. The Kotlyarevsky collection is interesting, to a greater extent, not for its rare books, but precisely as a thematic collection: classical works on Slavic studies, publications of medieval historical monuments, publications of Slavic awakeners, numerous dictionaries, from encyclopedic to linguistic (including Sanskrit-English), books on folklore different nations, works on the history of early Christianity, translations of biblical texts into Slavic languages.

Special interest represent magazine clippings for different years: some of them were selected in large volumes, each volume is bound, with Kotlyarevsky’s hand marking which magazine the clipping was taken from. There are 12 such numbered volumes stored in the GPIB, they are united by one name: “Collectanea”.

Design of a collection of newspaper and magazine clippings by A.A. Kotlyarevsky. Convolutes from the GPIB funds.

There are also rare publications in Kotlyarevsky’s collection: an album with an accompanying text by Francesco Perucci “Funeral customs of all nations of the world” on Italian, published in Verona in 1646, the first edition of the Kraledvor manuscript of Hanka, the Latin-Croatian dictionary of Belostenich, on which Kotlyarevsky’s hand is marked: “The book is rare and very important, purchased for 12 thalers. Dorpat 1870 November 24 AK."

Kotlyarevsky was responsible for assembling the collection himself, without resorting to the help of intermediaries. His collection contains books from other private libraries (M.P. Pogodin, A.I. Zima, P.I. Keppen), but it is quite obvious that the publications were not acquired in “blocks”, not in parts of collections, as other bibliophiles often did , namely “pointwise”, on a certain, rather narrow, topic. Perhaps there was a book exchange between scholar-collectors. Kotlyarevsky kept the autographs and notes of his colleagues on the publications he received.

"Illyrian folk songs", collected by Stanko Vraz. An autographed book from the collection of A. Kotlyarevsky, with Köppen’s note: “Received from Mr. Safarik from Prague in 1839.”

In his book collection, Alexander Kotlyarevsky is primarily a scientist, not a bibliophile. The books for the most part do not have a standard binding (with the exception of a selection of carefully designed clippings); some editions are signed: “Kotlyarevsky”. The scientist's bookplate looks simple and is hardly used.

Books from the collection of A. Kotlyarevsky with ownership characteristics.

A book from the library of A. Kotlyarevsky with a dedicatory inscription to the Chertkov library.

In 1894, the book collection of A.A. Kotlyarevsky was transferred to the Historical Museum by his heirs; in 1938, as part of the State Historical Museum Library, it became part of the GPIB collections.

Nestor Kotlyarevsky

Nestor Aleksandrovich Kotlyarevsky was born on January 21, 1863. He received his education at the Pavel Galagan College in Kyiv, as well as at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. The choice of faculty for Nestor Alexandrovich was determined by his father, Alexander Kotlyarevsky, who wanted to see his son as his successor in Slavic studies. ON THE. Kotlyarevsky sought to devote himself to natural science and dreamed of large scientific expeditions; He retained this interest throughout his life: Nestor Alexandrovich’s relatives and acquaintances talked about his collections of butterflies, beetles, bird nests with eggs of different breeds of birds, including those collected with his own hands.
As a result, N.A. Kotlyarevsky abandoned studies in Slavic studies, choosing the history of universal literature as his topic. His student work were dedicated to Christian apocrypha and love poetry The Middle Ages, and the first published study was the translation and introductory article to E. Laveley’s essay “The Formation of Folk Epices and the Origin of the Song of the Nibelungs” (1884). Nestor Kotlyarevsky managed to happily combine his studies in the history of general and Russian literature. After graduating from the University, he was sent to Paris to prepare for his master's exams, attended lectures at the Sorbonne, studied Old French and Provençal, and, returning to Moscow in 1889, published his first independent work on the history of Russian literature - a small brochure with title: “Literary essays. Vol. I. Poetry of grief and anger." His master's thesis on literature, “World Sorrow at the end of the last and at the beginning of our century,” according to experts, deserved highest rating and in the specialty “world history”, N. Kotlyarevsky’s research turned out to be so useful for both disciplines.
Having defended himself, Nestor Alexandrovich moved to St. Petersburg, connecting with the capital Russian Empire for the rest of my life. Alexander Nikolaevich Pypin, an old acquaintance of his father, helped him settle in the city on the Neva. cousin N.G. Chernyshevsky, literary critic and ethnographer. In Pypin's house, N. Kotlyarevsky met remarkable representatives of science, art and literature of that time - S. Kovalevskaya, Vl. Solovyov, M.A. Balakirev. From Pypin, Nestor Kotlyarevsky learned to love and understand the people of the 60s and their selfless service to the idea, and one of his best works, “Eve of Liberation,” which talks about these people, was dedicated to “the blessed memory of Alexander Nikolaevich Pypin.”
N. Kotlyarevsky continued - and very successfully! - combine interest in world literature with a passion for domestic literature. At Pypin’s, he gave a two-year course on the history of German romanticism of the Sturm und Drang period to the youth circle that had formed in the house - the lectures were so interesting that A.N. Pypin considered them an extraordinary event. And on the advice of Pypin, Nestor Aleksandrovich began his first book, which immediately “made his name” - it was famous work about Lermontov, completed for the 50th anniversary of the poet’s death in 1891.
The pedagogical activity of Kotlyarevsky the son was varied: from the Bestuzhev courses to the Alexander Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo, and it was the lyceum that led him to the main work of his life. The fact is that the cooperation between Nestor Kotlyarevsky and the Alexander Lyceum occurred in an atmosphere of absolute sympathy and goodwill between the professor and the educational institution towards each other. Even after being selected as an academician, Nestor Aleksandrovich continued his readings at the Lyceum as a “freelance professor,” held back by the requests of the Lyceum staff and his own good feelings. Back in 1899, he was elected a member of the Committee of the Pushkin Lyceum Society, which indirectly contributed a lot to the replenishment of the Pushkin House, since it was collected and founded by the Lyceum Society Pushkin Museum After 1917, he completely joined the Pushkin House.
Shortly before Nestor Aleksandrovich was elected as an ordinary academician, namely on January 9, 1909, he received an invitation from the President of the Academy of Sciences to accept the title of member and participate in the work of the Commission for the construction of the monument to Pushkin in St. Petersburg, and a year and a half later, on June 10 1910, academician S.F. Oldenburg handed over to him the management of the affairs of this Commission and the Pushkin House subordinate to it. The first task set by N.A. Kotlyarevsky in this matter was to make the small, but even then very valuable scientific property of the House collected before him, the property of wide circles of society. For this purpose, Nestor Aleksandrovich petitioned the Academy with a request to allow him to occupy small passage halls and a vestibule in the main building for the Pushkin House, and when permission was received, and the halls, at his request and on his own instructions, were renovated, he began to place the first collections of the House. At the same time, he enriched the House with a very valuable contribution, transferring to it his entire personal, very extensive and knowledgeably selected library - Russian and foreign, his own collection of portraits of Russian and foreign writers and a rare collection of antique frames for them, with great love collected by them at different times. Along the way, Nestor Aleksandrovich, wherever possible, represented the Pushkin House to society, mainly in the literary environment, and did this with such tact and talent that “the name of the Pushkin House in the Academy of Sciences,” which began to appear on the pages of the press from time to time, - became, as Blok put it, “a clear, familiar sound” and “not empty to the heart.” The first issue of the House’s “Vremennik”, which appeared in 1913, was greeted not as a book that spoke about something unknown and incomprehensible, but as one for which they were ready and expected. Pushkin House, although it was headed by N.A. Kotlyarevsky, in an official capacity, became his favorite brainchild, his main concern. He delved into a thousand details - from repairing and hanging paintings to obtaining funds for the purchase of collections and organizing lectures - and “so filled with himself both the festive and everyday life of the House, so inextricably linked himself with it from his first steps in this, once a small and little-known institution, that, speaking about the Pushkin House, one cannot help but talk about Nestor Alexandrovich as its creator in the form in which the House currently exists, - wrote E. Kazanovich in the official collection of the Pushkin House of the Academy of Sciences, dedicated to in memory of N.A. Kotlyarevsky. - And if, with all this, Nestor Aleksandrovich himself during his lifetime did not like to put himself forward unnecessarily for business, if he always strived and knew how to hide himself and did not want to recognize his full significance for the House, as first the manager of its affairs, and then the director, if he renounced the name of the main implementer of the idea of ​​the Pushkin House and attributed all the merits to others, absolving himself, as he jokingly used to say, “of all blame for the successes of the Pushkin House” and assuring that he was only engaged in mounting portraits and “physical labor” - we , his closest friends and collaborators, must say otherwise. We know that Nestor Alexandrovich’s “physical labor” was in fact only a touching detail in his overall enormous work around the House, infinitely dear to us, because it especially brought us closer to him and tied us to him. We treasured these hours of unostentatious collaboration with him, because such - so to speak - “everyday” Nestor Alexandrovich was truly ours, as few people knew him except us; but this side did not obscure in our minds the genuine, great, irreplaceable director for our business, which was Nestor Alexandrovich.”

ON THE. Kotlyarevsky died in 1925, having managed to lead the Pushkin House through the revolutionary storms and preserved its spirit and its collections in accordance with the original plans.
There are much fewer books by Nestor Aleksandrovich Kotlyarevsky in the GPIB collections than the books of his father. As already mentioned, he donated his personal library to the Pushkin House. But, nevertheless, publications with the ownership characteristics of the collection of Nestor Kotlyarevsky stand on the shelves of the GPIB book storage next to books from the collection of Alexander Kotlyarevsky.

By indirect signs(inventory numbers, codes, publication topics) we can assume that Nestor Aleksandrovich’s books ended up in the library Historical Museum in 1894 together with the collection of A. Kotlyarevsky. Most of these publications were printed before the 1890s and are dedicated to medieval literature, which N.A. Kotlyarevsky studied in his youth. It should be noted that even in his youth, Nestor Aleksandrovich took care of the design of his library: the books that belonged to him are easily identified by the superex libris “NK” on the spines.

Such different stories Father and son are united by their shared devotion to science, literature and books.

References:

1. Kotlyarevsky A.A. As a keepsake for future bibliographers. A note on bibliography in relation to the science of Russian antiquity and nationality // Otechestvennye zapiski - 1862. - No. 11. - P. 78-86.
2. Pypin A.N. Essay on the biography of Professor A.A. Kotlyarevsky // Kotlyarevsky A.A. Essays. - T. 4. - St. Petersburg, 1895.
3. Pashaeva N.M. Library A.A. Kotlyarevsky // Treasury of the book. - Part 1 - M., 1988. - P. 80-89.
4. In memory of N.A. Kotlyarevsky. 1863-1925. - L., 1926. - 62 p.

Nestor Aleksandrovich Kotlyarevsky was born on January 21, 1863. He received his education at the Pavel Galagan College in Kyiv, as well as at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. The choice of faculty occurred against the wishes of Nestor Alexandrovich, who only yielded to the insistence of his father, who wanted to see him as his successor in the science of Slavic studies, while Nestor Alexandrovich himself sought to devote himself to natural science and dreamed of large scientific expeditions; his penchant for natural history did not disappear over the years, and Nestor Alexandrovich’s close acquaintances remember his collections of butterflies, beetles, bird’s nests with eggs of different breeds of birds, etc. - partly purchased, and some collected by him with his own hands at different times; on his last trip abroad, living in the summer of 1924 at a dacha in the mountains of Bulgaria, he, along with his current scientific work, and there he was engaged in ordinary collecting.

Having once yielded to his father’s insistence in choosing a faculty, Nestor Aleksandrovich later went his own way, feeling that studying Slavic studies was not at all by nature for him. True, he paid tribute to the memory of his father by introducing prof. A. L. Duvernois essay on “Dositheus Obradovic”, which was awarded by the faculty with a large silver medal, but which cost Nestor Alexandrovich considerable effort, since scientific interest By this time he had already moved to another region, but that’s where he finished with Slavic studies. A year before, in the 3rd year, Nestor Aleksandrovich introduced prof. A. M. Ivantsov-Platonov received an essay on the topic assigned by the faculty: “Christian Apocrypha of the 2nd century as a historical source,” which earned him gold medal; and later, moving on to the works of N. I. Starozhenko and finally establishing himself in studies on the history of literature, first universal, then Russian, he wrote a large essay “on the love poetry of the Middle Ages,” which served as a preface to his translation of Dante’s “Vita nuova” " Both the essay and the translation remained unpublished, despite the fact that Starozhenko gave a very good review of them, and Nestor Aleksandrovich made his debut in print with another work, also a translation, namely the work of E. Laveley: “The formation of folk epics and the origin of the song about Nibelungach" (1884), to which he gave a preface, modestly signed with the initials N.K.

If, while at the College, Nestor Aleksandrovich was not able to form a more or less close circle of friends, the opposite happened at the University: a group of gifted young people soon gathered around him (of which we will at least mention the names of V.P. Preobrazhensky, Ya.L. Barskova, S.G. Rachinsky, M.N. Rozanov), united by a common interest in science and love for art, especially verbal art. Converging for the most part in Nestor Aleksandrovich’s apartment for heated debates and discussions of issues of life, science and art, this small group of students little by little rallied into a close friendly circle, which - directly or indirectly - Nestor Aleksandrovich recalled more than once, not only in oral stories about his student life , but also in print, in appropriate cases; conversations in this circle gave him material for his unpublished poem “Gethsemane” (1886), extremely characteristic of both the young and the Nestor Alexandrovich as he was known later, as well as for his printed brochure “Poetry of Sorrow and Anger”, in in which one can find echoes of both these conversations and this poem.

On June 1, 1885, Nestor Aleksandrovich graduated from the university with a candidate’s degree and was left for two years at the department of history of general literature with a secondment abroad to prepare for master’s exams. To continue his studies, Nestor Alexandrovich chose Paris, where he listened to lectures at the Sorbonne and studied Old French and Provençal in the seminaries of Gaston Paris and Paul Meyer, after which, returning to Moscow in the fall of 1889, he published his first independent work at the end of this year on the history of Russian literature - the already mentioned small brochure with the title: “Literary essays. Vol. I. Poetry of sorrow and anger. Moscow. 1890,” and then, having passed his master’s tests during the winter of 1889-1890, he moved to St. Petersburg. However, to obtain a master's degree, Nestor Aleksandrovich returned to Moscow, to his native university, where, after a public debate that took place on October 17, 1899 and earned him many flattering reviews, he received a master's degree in the history of universal literature for his work, “World Tribulation at the End of the Past and at the beginning of our century"; prof. V.I. Guerrier, who was one of the unofficial opponents in this debate, said, among other things, that the author of the dissertation could just as easily receive a master’s degree general history for his work - so efficient was he recognized by both scientific disciplines. Nestor Aleksandrovich maintained further connections with Moscow University only through the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, which was registered at the university, of which he became a member, first full (from November 14, 1902), and then honorary (from October 15, 1911), by election.

With the move in 1890 to St. Petersburg, which has since become a place permanent residence and the service of Nestor Alexandrovich, he devoted himself to scientific and, along with it, teaching activities; At the same time, he entered various literary circles in the capital and soon took a prominent place in them. At first, the task was greatly facilitated for him by A. N. Pypin, in whose family Nestor Aleksandrovich soon became his own man and where he first met many representatives of science and art, such as, for example, N. P. Kondakov, I. V. Yagich, S.V. Kovalevskaya, V.S. Solovyov, M.A. Balakirev and others, and became close to some of them. Nestor Alexandrovich always fondly recalled the evenings he spent with the Pypins, the friendly and always interesting conversations with Alexander Nikolaevich, the noisy fun that arose in the house when Vl appeared there. Soloviev, with the constant participation of M.N. Chernyshevsky, the kindness and genuine hospitality of the venerable hosts.

From Pypin, Nestor Aleksandrovich learned to love and understand the people of the 60s and their selfless service to the idea, and one of his best works, “Eve of Liberation,” which talks about these people, was dedicated to the “blessed memory” of Alexander Nikolaevich Pypin.

Talking about the interesting or fun hours he spent with the Pypins, Nestor Aleksandrovich himself never mentioned that two-year course on the history of German romanticism of the Sturm und Drang period, which he read to a circle of young people, friends and girlfriends of Alexander Nikolaevich’s daughters, at their apartment, and which, according to the later admission of one of former listeners him, made a huge impression not only on the youth, but also on the elders; Alexander Nikolaevich himself was recognized as a phenomenon beyond the ordinary. In addition, on the advice of Pypin and under his friendly encouragement, Nestor Alexandrovich began his first book, which immediately created a name for him; this was a well-known work about Lermontov, completed on the 50th anniversary of the poet’s death in 1891. Since then, almost no year has passed without the name of Nestor Alexandrovich appearing on the pages of magazines, in separate publications, or even in newspapers under articles on one or another .

Nestor Aleksandrovich began his teaching career at the Higher women's courses(Bestuzhevsky), where in the summer of 1892 he was invited to give lectures on the history of literature of the Middle Ages, with the rank of teacher. Nestor Aleksandrovich retained this title until 1898, resuming his studies at the Courses - this time with the rank of professor - only in 1907; however, Nestor Aleksandrovich began lecturing only in the next, 1908-1909 academic year, calling his course: “The History of Russian Literature in the 50s and 60s of the 19th Century,” which formed the basis of his book “Eve of Liberation.” Then there was a break again for several years, and new course: “Literary movements in the West in the first half of the 19th century,” which served as the basis for the book “The Nineteenth Century,” was read only in 1914/1915.

In 1893, the director of the Aleksandrovsky Lyceum invited Nestor Aleksandrovich to run for a position as a teacher at the Lyceum in the department of history of literature, a full-time position that Nestor Aleksandrovich occupied until his election to ordinary academician. But even leaving his full-time position at the Lyceum, Nestor Aleksandrovich continued his readings there for a number of years as a “free-hire” professor, held back by the requests of the Lyceum staff and his own sympathies for the institution. Back in 1899, he was elected a member of the Committee of the Pushkin Lyceum Society, which indirectly contributed a lot to the replenishment of the Pushkin House, since the Pushkin Museum, collected and founded by the Lyceum Society, was completely integrated into the Pushkin House after 1917.

After the Lyceum, Nester Aleksandrovich accepted invitations to teach from other higher education institutions. educational institutions, as: Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, Higher courses Lesgaft (Nestor Aleksandrovich taught only one course there in 1905 on the cult of the Madonna in the Middle Ages and subsequently liked to make fun of what topic he chose that was appropriate for the time and place), Raev’s Higher Historical and Literary Courses and the Alexander Military Law Academy ( since 1911).

Of all the literary and social organizations, the closest to Nestor Aleksandrovich both in its tradition, and in its idea, and in its composition was the Literary Fund, partly reincarnated by its debris into the Society at the House of Writers, the chairman of which Nestor Aleksandrovich was for the entire short time of its existence (1919 -1921). Nestor Alexandrovich became a member of the Literary Fund in April 1893.

Since 1900, Nestor Aleksandrovich was invariably, every two years, elected by the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers as members of the jury for the Society's Griboedov Prize, for which he received and reviewed a considerable number of dramatic works that were submitted for the award; in gratitude for these efforts, the Society sent him a personalized token. In the same 1900, the director of the imperial theaters turned to Nestor Alexandrovich with a request to read a short essay before one of the morning performances for students at the Mikhailovsky Theater, “explaining the work that characterizes the era and containing brief biographical information about the author,” namely, about Beaumarchais, before the performance of his “The Barber of Seville”. The abstract was read and published in the Yearbook of the Imperial Theatres. In 1908, Nestor Alexandrovich was appointed a member of St. Petersburg. Department of the Theater and Literary Committee, and on November 27 of the same year he received an invitation to take the newly established position of head of the drama repertoire of the imperial theaters and remained in it until 1917.

Nestor Aleksandrovich’s connection with the Academy of Sciences began back in 1900, when he, at the invitation of the chairman of the Department of Russian Language and Literature, A. N. Veselovsky, took upon himself the consideration of the works of K. K. Sluchevsky, submitted for the Pushkin Prize; in 1903, he presented, entrusted to him, a review of the work of Vl. Karenina about George Sand, nominated for the same prize; for this review, as well as for the previous one, Nestor Aleksandrovich received a gold Pushkin medal and after that, on September 23, 1903, at the invitation of the same Veselovsky, he became one of the members of the Commission for awarding the Pushkin Prizes. In 1904, Nestor Aleksandrovich was recruited, on behalf of V. K. Konstantin Konstantinovich, to participate in the studies of the permanent commission for benefits to needy scientists, writers and publicists, which was located at the Academy of Sciences, as first a reserve and then a permanent member of it, and from 1910 - its chairman, which he remained until liquidation Commissions in 1920

Finally, on November 8, 1906, on the proposal of A.F. Koni and with the consent of the former president of the Academy, V. K. Konstantin Konstantinovich, Nestor Alexandrovich was elected to honorary academicians in the category of fine literature at the Department of Russian language and literature of the Academy of Sciences. His first speech in his new rank was a speech in memory of Count. A.K. Tolstoy, delivered at a public meeting of the Discharge on January 21, 1907 and earning him the Pushkin gold medal. The main activity of Nestor Alexandrovich in the Discharge, besides further repeated public speaking at its ceremonial meetings, he was in charge of the publication of the Library of Russian Classics, undertaken by the Discharge, which released under him the complete works of Koltsov, Lermontov, Griboyedov and Boratynsky. To raise funds for this publication, he had to, on behalf of the Academy Conference, submit a petition to the ministers for the release of the necessary amounts public education and finance and be present when this issue is discussed at meetings of the Budget Commission of the State Duma. Subsequently, when the question of liquidating the Discharge was raised, Nestor Aleksandrovich worked hard to transfer the publication to the Pushkin House, but did not have time to complete the matter. On February 1, 1907, Nestor Aleksandrovich was elected to the Commission for the publication of Pushkin’s works at the Second Division of the Academy of Sciences, in which he remained, later - as chairman, until his death.

On February 14, 1909, the election of Nestor Aleksandrovich to ordinary academician in the Department of Russian Language and Literature took place at the Academy Conference (Meeting of the preliminary election Commission from ORYAS, which included academicians: A. A. Shakhmatov, F. E. Korsh, F. F. Fortunatov, V.I. Lamansky, V.M. Istrin and N.P. Kondakov and in which the candidacy of Nestor Alexandrovich was accepted unanimously - took place on December 13, 1908), and on April 27 he was approved in this position with a transfer to serve in the Ministry of Public Education from the department of institutions of Empress Maria, in which he was listed as a member of the Lyceum. With the new election, Nestor Alexandrovich’s responsibilities increased and became more complex. In addition to repeatedly reviewing essays submitted for academic prizes and in addition to participating in the already mentioned academic organizations, Nestor Aleksandrovich had to different cases be a representative of your Branch and Conference outside the Academy. Thus, as a member of the Standing Commission, he joined the Main Committee of the Pushkin Colony in the village. Mikhailovsky and had to go to its meetings in Pskov; in July 1914 he was elected by the Academy Conference as its representative to travel to England for the upcoming international celebration of Shakespeare in 1916; V revolutionary years Nestor Aleksandrovich was supposed to represent the Academy in the elective board of the Hermitage (1919), in the Council of the Russian Book Chamber (beginning of 1920), in the Board for electing the professorial staff of the Faculty of History verbal arts(late 1920) in the Council of the Museum of Leningrad academic theaters(since March 31, 1925) and much more. Nestor Aleksandrovich also served on the board of the Academy, where he became a member of the Second Division in 1914 in place of the deceased academician. Fortunatov (in fact, he replaced F.F. Fortunatov on the board already in May of this year), first temporarily, and then for a full three years - from November 1, 1914 to 1917. Another regular responsibility was drawing up annual reports on the activities of the Department of Russian Language and Literature and reading them in open annual meetings of the Academy: Nestor Aleksandrovich compiled reports for the years 1910-1915 and 1917.

Along with such purely official duties at the Academy, Nestor Aleksandrovich also performed others that were voluntarily imposed on himself. So, with the outbreak of war in the summer of 1914, he set about organizing a hospital for wounded soldiers and soon opened it in the large conference room of the main building of the Academy of Sciences with funds raised from voluntary contributions from Academy employees. The Pushkin House was the same, non-official matter for him, although it was headed by Nestor Aleksandrovich in an official capacity, and it would not be a mistake to say that this House was his favorite thing at the Academy.

Shortly before Nestor Aleksandrovich was elected as an ordinary academician by the Conference, namely on January 9, 1909, he received from the President of the Academy an invitation to accept the title of member and participate in the work of the Commission for the construction of the monument to Pushkin in St. Petersburg, and a year and a half later, on June 10 1910, academician S. F. Oldenburg transferred to him the management of the affairs of this Commission and the Pushkin House subordinate to it. The first task Nestor Aleksandrovich set himself in this matter was to make the small, but even then very valuable scientific property of the House collected before him, the property of the widest possible circles of society in the amounts that were allowed by the conditions of its placement in the main building of the Academy. For this purpose, Nestor Aleksandrovich entered the Academy Conference with a request to allow him to occupy small passage halls and a vestibule in the main building for the Pushkin House, and when permission was received and the halls, at his own request and on his instructions, were renovated, he began to place the first collections of the House, in cabinets and display cases obtained for this purpose from different places. At the same time, he enriched the House with a very valuable contribution, transferring to it his entire personal, very extensive and knowledgeably selected library - Russian and foreign, his own collection of portraits of Russian and foreign writers and a rare collection of antique frames for them, with great love for them in various time collected. At the same time, he turned all his efforts to replenishing and bringing into a form suitable for exhibition the iconographic department of the House, the current Museum - quite rightly considering that it is this department that can have the widest educational significance, as the most accessible to a large public, and will create fame for the House and popularity, which he so needed, both necessary condition of your height. Along the way, Nestor Aleksandrovich, wherever possible, introduced society to the Pushkin House, mainly, of course, the literary environment, and did this with such tact and talent, inherent in everything, that “the name of the Pushkin House in the Academy of Sciences”, which began from time to time to appear on the pages of the press - became “a clear, familiar sound” and “not empty for the heart,” according to the late Blok, his early time visited. The first issue of the House’s “Vremennik”, which appeared in 1913, was greeted not as a book that spoke about something unknown and incomprehensible, but as one for which they were ready and expected. What shape Nestor Alexandrovich brought the Pushkin House to at that time can be seen from the photographs attached to this issue. In the spring of the following year, 1914, Nestor Aleksandrovich decided to organize a series of public lectures on Russian literature in the large hall of the Academy, with the involvement of well-known and popular names as lecturers, which was important for the Pushkin House in many respects, and by the way in purely material, since the House was in dire need of funds. Only one lecture by honorary academician D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky was carried out, since the war that began after that and the allocation of a large hall for an infirmary killed both this initiative and many other things that were conceived by Nestor Alexandrovich in the interests of the House.

This concludes our review of Nestor Alexandrovich’s activities at the Pushkin House. To talk about it further means to outline the history of the institution step by step, since not a single more or less major event in the House took place without the active participation of Nestor Alexandrovich. Having taken over the management of the affairs of the Pushkin House in spe, he brought it into the state of the Pushkin House in actu. Nestor Alexandrovich so filled with himself both the festive and everyday life of the House, so inextricably linked himself with it from his first steps in this once small and little-known institution, that, speaking about the Pushkin House, one cannot help but talk about Nestor Alexandrovich as about its creator in the form in which the House currently exists. If the extraordinary personality of the deceased, his great name and personal popularity in all layers of the intelligent world had not come to the aid of the House in due time, but the reason for all this is his bright mind, the breadth of his outlook on life and on every matter, his wise tactics in all kinds of complex and complicated circumstances, inevitable with every great undertaking, and a charming manner of communicating with people - the life of the Pushkin House would probably have flowed in a different way and at a much slower pace; he would probably take over time a very respectable place among other scientific institutions country, but would hardly have gone beyond the rich literary archive, created more for strict science and its humble workers than for the general educational and educational work of folk culture. For the latter, it was necessary to have a person appear at the head of the House who would be able not only to suggest such an idea to the institution and ardently begin to implement it, but also - what is much more important - to support it at first with his name and personal authority. The Pushkin House needed the sympathy not so much of the closest scientists and administrative centers, on which it depended, since it was provided to it in advance, but rather the sympathy of society and the press, which could come to its aid with their participation and contributions. Having devoted himself to this nascent institution with all his love and great interest in it, Nestor Aleksandrovich acquired it both. The high scientific and literary prestige of Nestor Aleksandrovich in society, the trust constantly placed in him by the Conference of the Academy of Sciences and the former president of the Academy, extensive personal connections in the official and unofficial world of the capital and personal charm - helped him a lot in realizing difficult task. Almost all of his steps - whether to obtain sums for current expenses, some kind of government permission, allocations from the State Treasury for the acquisition of collections, arranging public lectures, publishing a publication, organizing an exhibition, attracting abundant donations to all departments of the House, and the like - almost all Such steps were met with sympathy and were usually crowned with success. And if, with all this, Nestor Aleksandrovich himself during his lifetime did not like to put himself forward unnecessarily for business, if he always sought and knew how to obscure himself and did not want to recognize his full significance for the House, as first the manager of its affairs, and then the director, if he renounced the name of the main implementer of the idea of ​​the Pushkin House and attributed all the merits to others, absolving himself, as he jokingly used to say, “of all blame for the successes of the Pushkin House” and assuring that he was only engaged in mounting portraits and “physical labor” - we, his closest friends and collaborators must say otherwise. We know that Nestor Alexandrovich’s “physical labor” was in fact only a touching detail in his overall enormous work around the House, infinitely dear to us, because it especially brought us closer to him and tied us to him. We treasured these hours of unostentatious collaboration with him, because such - so to speak - “everyday” Nestor Alexandrovich was truly ours, as few people knew him except us; but this side did not obscure in our consciousness the true, great, irreplaceable director for our business, which was Nestor Alexandrovich.
Nestor Alexandrovich died on May 12, 1925.

E. Kazanovich.
According to the edition: In memory of N. A. Kotlyarevsky.
L., 1926. P. 35-53
(abbreviated)

Meaning in the Concise Biographical Encyclopedia

KOTLYAREVSKY NESTOR ALEKSANDROVICH

Kotlyarevsky, Nestor Alexandrovich - literary historian, son of Alexander Alexandrovich Kotlyarevsky. Born January 21, 1863; studied at the Collegium of Pavel Galagan (in Kyiv) and at Moscow University (about Kotlyarevsky’s student years, see his memories of V.P. Preobrazhensky in “Ancient Portraits”). Received a master's degree in general literature for his dissertation: "World's Sorrow." He taught at the Imperial Alexander Lyceum, at the higher women's (Bestuzhev) courses, Raev's historical and philological courses, at the Military Law Academy. In 1906 he was elected an honorary academician in the category of fine literature, and in 1909 - an ordinary academician in the department of Russian language and literature. Imperial Academy Sci. He is the head of the Russian drama repertoire at the Imperial Theatres, a member of the editorial board of Vestnik Evropy, and takes part in the affairs of the Literary Fund. In the brochure: “Essays on modern Russian literature. I. Poetry of anger and sorrow” (Moscow, 1890) Kotlyarevsky characterized the work of S.Ya. Nadson. In 1891, Kotlyarevsky’s book was published: “Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The personality of the poet and his works” (St. Petersburg, 1891); Based on the biographical materials accumulated by that time, the author gives a general description of the poet’s personality and outlines the development of his poetic creativity (the fourth, expanded edition was published in 1912). In his next book: “World Sorrow in late XVIII and in early XIX century" (St. Petersburg, 1914) Kotlyarevsky, without delving into detailed research, gives a general, broad description of "sentimental preaching", "storm and stress in dreams", "world sorrow as a conclusion from the experience", "demonic natures" and motives of “reconciliation", since all this was reflected in Western literature on the verge of two centuries. In the anniversary year for Belinsky, 1898, Kotlyarevsky edited “Selected Works of V.G. Belinsky" in the publication by O.N. Popova (2nd edition, 1907); in addition to an extensive introductory article about Belinsky, the publication is equipped with overview notes and indexes, subject and nominal, thanks to which it is very convenient for reference and school use. Kotlyarevsky's work about Gogol's work, first published in the magazine "World of God", then published as a separate publication (St. Petersburg, 1903; 4th updated edition, Petrograd, 1915). The author's task was "to restore history as completely as possible mysterious soul artist and explore in more detail the connection that unites Gogol’s work with the work of previous and contemporary writers." Gogol is assessed in connection with in general Russian literature and criticism, which constitutes main value books by Kotlyarevsky. Kotlyarevsky's articles about other writers that appeared in various magazines in the nineties were collected by him in the book: "Ancient Portraits" (St. Petersburg, 1907); Here are the characteristics of Baratynsky, Venevitinov, Prince V.F. Odoevsky, Belinsky, Turgenev, Count A.K. Tolstoy; Attached are memories of V.P. Preobrazhensky, mentioned above. In 1907, it was written partly from unpublished materials. State Archives Kotlyarevsky's book "Decembrists Prince A.I. Odoevsky and A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky", in 1908 - closely related to the previous book about K.F. Ryleev. Kotlyarevsky’s book on “Literary trends of the Alexander era” (St. Petersburg, 1907, 2nd edition, St. Petersburg, 1913) belongs to the same circle of literary phenomena. Articles about the literary activities of V.K. remained not republished. Kuchelbecker (" Russian Wealth", 1901, ¦ 3 and 4), directly adjacent to the works about the Decembrists. In the edition of Pushkin's works, edited by S.A. Vengerov, Kotlyarevsky owns articles about the "Robber Brothers" and about the "Stone Guest". All listed works on Russian literature, taken together, constitutes an extensive overview of the lyrics, epic, drama and criticism of the Alexander and Nicholas times. From 1910 to 1914, Kotlyarevsky's extensive work was published in the "Bulletin of Europe": "Essays from History public mood in Russia in the sixties of the last century", which contains characteristics of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov and other publicists of that time, in connection with fiction and the public.

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what KOTLYAREVSKY NESTOR ALEXANDROVICH is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• KOTLYAREVSKY, NESTOR ALEKSANDROVICH in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
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• KOTLYAREVSKY NESTOR ALEKSANDROVICH
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• KOTLYAREVSKY NESTOR ALEKSANDROVICH in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
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• NESTOR in the Dictionary-Reference Book Myths Ancient Greece,:
  - King of Pylos. Son of Neleus and Chloris. Father of Aretes and Antilochus. He became famous in his youth feats of arms: in the war with Arcadia...
• NESTOR in the Concise Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities:
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• NESTOR in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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Kotlyarevsky, Nestor Alexandrovich - literary historian, son of Alexander Alexandrovich K. Rod. January 21, 1863; studied at the Collegium of Pavel Galagan (in Kyiv) and at the Moscow University. (about K.’s student years, see his memories of V.P. Preobrazhensky in “Ancient Portraits”). Received a master's degree in general literature for his dissertation: “World's Sorrow.” Taught at Imp. Alexander Lyceum, at the higher women's (Bestuzhev) courses, Raev's historical and philological courses, at the Military Law Academy. In 1906 he was elected an honorary academician in the category of fine literature, and in 1909 - an ordinary academician in the department of Russian language. and literature Imp. Academy of Sciences. He is the head of the Russian drama repertoire at the Imperial Theatres, a member of the editorial board of Vestnik Evropy, and takes part in the affairs of the Literary Fund. In the brochure: “Essays on the latest Russian literature. I. Poetry of Anger and Sorrow" (Moscow, 1890) K. characterized the work of S. Ya. Nadson. In 1891, K.’s book was published: “M. Yu. Lermontov. The personality of the poet and his works" (SPB., 1891); Based on the biographical materials accumulated by that time, the author gives a general description of the poet’s personality and outlines the development of his poetic creativity (the fourth, expanded edition was published in 1912). In his next book: “World Tribulation at the End of the 18th and the Beginning of the 19th Century.” (SPB., 1898; 3rd edition 1914) K., without delving into detailed research, gives a general, broad description of “sentimental preaching”, “storm and stress in dreams”, “world sorrow as a conclusion from the experience”, “ demonic natures" and motives of "reconciliation", since all this was reflected in Western literature at the turn of two centuries. In the anniversary year of 1898 for Belinsky, K. edited “Selected Works of V. G. Belinsky” in the publishing house. O. N. Popova (2nd ed., 1907); In addition to an extensive introductory article about Belinsky, the publication is equipped with review notes and indexes, subject and nominal, making it very convenient for reference and school use. K.’s work on Gogol’s work, first published in the magazine “World of God,” was later published as a separate publication (St. Petersburg, 1903; 4th additional ed., Petrograd, 1915). The author’s task was “to restore as completely as possible the history of the artist’s mysterious soul and to explore in more detail the connection that unites Gogol’s work with the work of previous and contemporary writers.” Gogol is assessed in connection with the general course of Russian literature and criticism, which is the main value of K.’s book. Articles by K. that appeared in various magazines in the nineties. about other writers he collected in the book: “Ancient Portraits” (St. Petersburg, 1907); Here are the characteristics of Baratynsky, Venevitinov, book. V.F. Odoevsky, Belinsky, Turgenev, gr. A.K. Tolstoy; in the appendix are memories of V.P. Preobrazhensky, mentioned above. In 1907, K.’s book “The Decembrists, Prince,” written partly from unpublished materials from the State Archive, was published. A. I. Odoevsky and A. A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky,” in 1908 - a book about K. F. Ryleev, closely related to the previous one. K.’s book on “Literary trends of the Alexander era” (St. Petersburg, 1907, 2nd ed., St. Petersburg, 1913) belongs to the same range of literary phenomena. Articles about the literary activity of V. K. Kuchelbecker (“Russian Wealth”, 1901, Nos. 3 and 4), directly adjacent to works about the Decembrists, remained unrepublished. In the edition of Pushkin's works, ed. S. A. Vengerova, K. owns articles about the “Robber Brothers” and about the “Stone Guest”. All of the listed works on Russian literature, taken together, constitute an extensive overview of the lyrics, epic, drama and criticism of the Alexander and Nicholas times. From 1910 to 1914, K.’s extensive work was published in the “Bulletin of Europe”: “Essays on the history of public mood in Russia in the sixties of the last century,” containing characteristics of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov and other publicists of that time, in connection with fiction and the public.

IN beginning of XXI century, the name of Nestor Aleksandrovich Kalandarishvili is known to many residents of Irkutsk. In memory of revolutionary activities One of the central streets of the city is named after Nestor Alexandrovich.

According to Soviet historians, in the period from 1917 to 1922. nobleman and native of the village of Shemokmedi, Ozurgeti district, Kutaisi province N.A. Kalandarishvili proved himself as a prominent military revolutionary figure, leader of the partisan movement in the territory Eastern Siberia.

Meanwhile, at the beginning of the 20th century, Nestor Aleksandrovich was known only in a fairly narrow circle of political police officials as “one of the organizers of criminal protests ... enjoying wide popularity among the Siberian Caucasians.”

The most serious criminals from Georgia and Armenia, who were exiled from 1828 exclusively to the Irkutsk province, managed to short term take a dominant position in the local criminal community.

Finding themselves in exile, the Caucasians united into separate ethnic groups engaged in various types criminal activity. Favorably differing from their colleagues in the criminal trade due to their close ethnic ties and incomprehensible writing and language for most Siberians, people from the Caucasus for a long time remained the least studied part of the criminal community of Eastern Siberia.

Standing out for their isolation in relation to other representatives of the criminal world, Caucasians surpassed them in cruelty and organization of their actions. Not allowing strangers into their world, they ruthlessly and cynically dealt with everyone who tried to penetrate their environment.

It is not surprising that most police officials, when faced with Caucasians, preferred either not to notice their criminal activities, or to cooperate... on a mutually beneficial basis.

That is why, despite the secret circular order of the Minister of Internal Affairs No. 106765 of February 28, 1910, which prohibited officers of a separate Corps from conducting cases of a general criminal nature, in this case, an exception was made for the Irkutsk provincial gendarme department.

In notice No. 107897 of December 16, 1913, Comrade of the Minister of Internal Affairs, Major General Dzhunkovsky, ordered that “the ranks of the Gendarmerie Corps, which are part of the East Siberian Region, in all cases of robberies occurring in the area entrusted to their supervision, take direct action participation in the investigation of these robberies.”

Thus, belonging to one of the largest and most organized criminal gangs Eastern Siberia, and not at all political activity ON THE. Kalandarishvili made him such a welcome guest at the Irkutsk provincial gendarmerie department.

According to secret agents, from the time of his appearance in the Siberian expanses, Nestor Aleksandrovich was involved in a number of high-profile criminal crimes, being their direct organizer. Possessing extensive connections in the criminal environment and a reputation as a person “completely incapable of deceiving his criminal,” Kalandarishvili organized crimes, avoiding in every possible way direct participation in scams.

The gendarmes had information at their disposal about Kalandarishvili’s close relationship with Stepan Mikhailovich Kotov, a major Irkutsk swindler and owner of the Eldorado furnished rooms, which serve as a den for robbers and swindlers.

One of the brightest episodes joint activities Kalandarishvili and Kotov can be served by the case of 1908 “On an attempt to obtain from the Irkutsk Treasury the management of Transbaikal railway 18,658 rubles.”

Then, as a result of pre-organized external surveillance, the gendarmes detained Kozlovsky tradesman Konstantin Mikhailovich Ivanov, who presented a coupon to the Irkutsk Treasury to receive 18,658 rubles. A detailed inspection of the payment document revealed the presence of all the necessary details and... high quality production of a false document.

Further investigation revealed that a criminal group of Irkutsk fraudsters took part in the scam, including S.M. Kotov and N.A. Kalandarishvili. However, neither Kotov nor Kalandarishvili faced criminal liability.

To a large extent, Nestor Aleksandrovich’s participation in such scams was accompanied by his passion for photography. Indeed, at the beginning of the 20th century, high quality forgery of documents and money could only be ensured by good knowledge in the field of chemistry, engraving and... photography. Therefore, in addition to N.A. himself. Kalandarishvili and the people around him also had high professional skills. Irkutsk tradesman Ilya Yakovlevich Zavyalov was a specialist high class on transferring credit notes to stone for counterfeiting them, and the Perm tradesman Valerian Evstafievich Beloslyudtsev was considered in the criminal community to be an expert in the production of bank checks.

It is not surprising that the gendarmes who investigated the criminal activities of N.A. Kalandarishvili, were amazed at the scientific and technical preparation of his criminal enterprises.

One of such cases, which occurred at the beginning of 1914, was reported by the head of the Irkutsk provincial gendarme department, Colonel A.V. Vasiliev: “State Councilor Kondrashov and gendarme captain Konstantinov managed to take it on the move in the courtyard of house No. 32 on Preobrazhenskaya Street. in a stone house, equipped with the latest technology, a metalworking and mechanical workshop for the production of counterfeit coins.” Upon a detailed inspection, the gendarmes found out that the underground factory had two presses weighing over 15 pounds, galvanic batteries, silvering devices, various acids, a crucible and melting furnaces. Many steel circles of “future coins” were also discovered there, which passed various degrees processing.

By the time the police arrived, Varvara Deputatova was in the workshop, wiping down metal circles. Her partner, Irkutsk mechanic Georgy Kozikov, managed to escape. The gendarmes only got his things: a manual on chemistry and mechanics, instruments for minting a coat of arms, drawings of a machine for minting coins and more than four thousand “completely finished” twenty-kopeck coins.

Further investigation established that an entire criminal group was involved in organizing the production of counterfeit money, the actions of which were coordinated and directed by N.A. Kalandarishvili.

It is not known for certain when Nestor Aleksandrovich conceived the idea of ​​​​making counterfeit coins, however, according to intelligence information from the Irkutsk Security Department, already in 1912 Kalandarishvili was taking all measures to start this business in Siberia “on a broad basis.” To this end, he begins to search for qualified specialists, engravers and jewelers.

At the end of 1912, Kalandarishvili, on the recommendation of the swindler Silovan Alekseevich Chekhidze, met the exiled jeweler Eduard Martinovich Medne and, convinced of professional qualities the latter, places an order for the production of cliches for minting gold and silver coins in a machine designed by G. Kozikov.

At the beginning of 1913, Nestor Aleksandrovich, on the advice of a major Caucasian robber Bido Secania, met with “a man capable of various things in obtaining money by forging documents” - exiled settler Sergei Vasilyevich Belov, to whom he suggested “getting involved in the business of obtaining large sums of money by forgery.” , arranging about 10 postal orders of 50,000 rubles each, and take part in counterfeiting counterfeit coins, indicating that the coins will be issued in denomination and mintage no worse than government ones, and that due to the low standard, each silver ruble will cost no more than 38 kopecks.”

Funding was of no small importance for the initial organization of counterfeit coin production. Realizing the importance of this problem, Nestor Aleksandrovich turned to his exiled fellow countrymen with a proposal for shared participation in the affairs of a criminal enterprise. And I received... a live response.

After preliminary consultations, money for the purchase and production of machines for counterfeiting coins was provided by Adolf Nakhmanovich Tseytlin - 2000 rubles, brothers Samson and Fedor Rodonai - 200 rubles, Ermolai Davidovich Beburia - 200 rubles. (promised to get another 1000 rubles), Hmayak Marashyants - 350 rubles. and Platon Dgebuladze - 1200 rubles.

Meanwhile, as the matter “set up”, it was precisely the problems of financing that turned out to be the most pressing. IN frank conversation with Sergei Belov, Nestor Aleksandrovich complained “that he owed about 2,000 rubles to build a machine for counterfeiting counterfeit money.”

An obvious shortage of funds prompted N.A. Kalandarishvili to create another organized criminal group, but this time intended to carry out contract killings. The gang included Samson Mikhailovich Gordeladze (aka Othello), Georgy Chekhidze and Konstantin Ivanovich Tetradze.

In November 1913, Nestor Aleksandrovich received an “order” to eliminate the Irkutsk merchant Yakov Efremovich Metelev. Sources of the Irkutsk security department reported “that his wife Meteleva offered Kalandarishvili 5,000 rubles for the murder of the merchant.”

The operation to eliminate the entrepreneur was scheduled for December 12, 1913. At about seven o'clock in the evening, two Caucasians in the cab of the Irkutsk stock exchange No. 903, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Osik, drove up to the Shchelkunov and Metelev store. The killers looked for someone for a long time, then dismounted, examined the windows and entered the store.

However, the “guiders” made a mistake and the “active workers” Georgy Chekhidze and Konstantin Tetradze only managed to make an attempt on the life of Ya.E. Metelev, seriously wounding him in the neck.

By the time the crime was committed, the hired killers had already been under constant surveillance for several days by employees of the Irkutsk Security Department. One of them, a spy (surveillance agent - author) Ilyin reported: “When I saw Tetradze and the unknown person running out of Metelev’s store with Mausers in their hands, I pulled out my revolver. The unknown man jumped into the sleigh of cab driver No. 903 and drove off, and I, chasing Tetradze, fired two shots at him, from which Tetradze’s coat smoldered, and he was wounded.”

The failed attempt to murder the merchant Metelev was the reason for the failure of the Kalandarishvili criminal group and the arrest of its rank and file. The gendarmes were unable to obtain grounds for the detention of Nestor Alexandrovich himself. All defendants in the case refused to testify. Kalandarishvili remained free and continued an active search for the missing amount.

At the beginning of 1914, the money was finally found. Equipment and reagents have been purchased. The cliches made by E. Medne and the machine designed by G. Kozikov are ready for work. All that remained was to extract gold and silver, so necessary for underground production. But here too, Nestor Alexandrovich had far-reaching plans.

A significant number of gold mining enterprises concentrated in the Irkutsk province, and located in its administrative center gold smelting laboratory, predetermined the most optimal option for providing material support for a criminal enterprise. According to intelligence information from the security department, “Kalandarishvili intended to obtain gold and silver for minting through robberies.”

By the end of 1913, assaults and robberies paralyzed the economic life of the region. Only in rare cases, under heavy security, were private individuals and government agencies able to smuggle cash and precious metals.

In this regard, the head of the Irkutsk provincial gendarme department, Colonel Vasiliev, with the approval of the Irkutsk governor general and the permission of the director of the police department Beletsky, carried out the widespread liquidation of the predatory organization of Caucasians. The scope of liquidation included all persons who had information from agents regarding their involvement in armed robberies.

On the night of December 18, 1913, 112 people were arrested in Irkutsk. Nestor Aleksandrovich was among the people from the Caucasus escorted by the gendarmes to the Irkutsk prison castle. Moreover, according to Colonel Vasiliev, during searches and interrogations, “Kalandarishvili’s activities, as one of the organizers of the criminal actions of the Siberian Caucasians, received a more vivid criminal outline.”

Thus ended one of the most interesting periods in the activity of the prominent military revolutionary figure N.A. Kalandarishvili. From the perspective today It is difficult to estimate how much was political and how much was criminal in the affairs of the anarchist Kalandarishvili on Irkutsk soil. However, there is no doubt that, occupying a high position in the criminal syndicate of Caucasians, he was of interest to political police officials only as an organizer of scams, an organizer of contract killings, a robber and a manufacturer of counterfeit coins.

NOTES

1. Cm.: Kozhevin V. Combat comrades of Kalandarishvili. Ulan-Ude: Buryat book publishing house, 1975; Kozhevin V. Legendary partisan Siberia. Ulan-Ude: Buryat Book Publishing House, 1967; Vampilov B.M., Karnaukhov G.M. Nestor Kalandarishvili // Polar Star. 1984. No. 5. P. 123-127.
2. State Archives Irkutsk region(hereinafter referred to as GAIO). F. 600. Op. 1. D. 757. L. 77, 78.
3. GAIO. F. 24. Op. 3. D. 10. L. 1.
4. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 1151. L. 19.
5. Right there. L.13.
6. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 85. L. 4.
7. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 757. L. 126.
8. Right there. L. 66, 76.
9. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 757. L. 66, 76-79.
10. Right there. L. 76-79.
11. Right there. L. 78, 109.
12. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 85. L. 3.
13. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 1252. L. 94.
14. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 757. L. 79.
15. “Spotters” - persons who are close to the object of the crime and, therefore, familiar with the local conditions and details of the situation surrounding the object; “active workers” - persons who directly commit criminal acts in certain areas of their specialty (According to the terminology of the pre-Soviet period from the structure of the predatory organization of Caucasians. See: Rubtsov, S.N., Sysoev A.A. Criminal investigation on the territory of Eastern Siberia: monograph. - 2nd ed., revised, additional. / S.N. Rubtsov, A.A. Sysoev. - Krasnoyarsk: Institute of Natural and humanities Siberian Federal University, 2007. P. 177).
16. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 752. L. 670.
17. Right there. L. 677-679.
18. GAIO. F. 600. Op. 1. D. 757. L. 77, 78.
19. Right there. L. 77.

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