Although the historical Rudny Altai is Barnaul, Zmeinogorsk, Salair, Kolyvan, in our time Rudny Altai is by default called the extreme northeast of Kazakhstan, the “small” East Kazakhstan region before its unification with Semipalatinsk. Maybe because Altai is still Rudny here: lead, zinc and most of the periodic table are mined here. The heart of this region is rightfully considered Ridder, the former Leninogorsk, a small industrial city (49 thousand inhabitants) 120 kilometers from the regional Ust-Kamenogorsk. Is Ridder the most mountainous in Rudny Altai or the most oreous in Gorny Altai? In any case, this is the most ethnically Russian city in Kazakhstan - Kazakhs here make up only 13% of the population.
The history of Rudny Altai was once told in Barnaul and Zmeinogorsk. The first expeditions in search of silver came to Kolyvan back in the 17th century, but only the expedition equipped by the “iron king” of the Urals Akinfiy Demidov was crowned with success. The fact is that in the Urals there were all the resources and technologies for minting coins, and for example, the state government, when a convoy with wages for workers got stuck on the gullies, simply minted the wages on the spot. Demidov, of course, looking at this, decided “why am I any worse?” and began work in this direction, and there were many legends about the counterfeit Demidov coin and the flooded cellars with serfs in the Urals. Rudny Altai is the son of the Gornozavodsky Urals: in 1723, the lands in its foothills were transferred to the ownership of the Demidovs as the Kolyvan-Voskresensky mountain district. The Kolyvan plant started operating in 1726, in 1737, and in 1744. With the death of Akinfiy Demidov in 1745, the project stalled, but the mines had already been explored, the infrastructure had been created, the connections had been established - and the State, which was much more in need of silver, got down to business. Factories in Russia at that time were divided according to their form of ownership into 3 categories: private, state-owned and cabinet-owned. With the first two, everything is generally clear, but the third were the property not even of the state, but personally of the sovereign-emperor, governed by the Cabinet of His Majesty, and Rudny Altai became the cabinet. Officials, oddly enough, turned out to be stronger business executives in Altai than merchants: over 20 years, silver production increased from 44 to 1300 (!) poods per year. Dozens of factories, mines and related enterprises such as grinding mills (in our words, stone-cutting factories) appeared on the Ob and Tom. The “center of gravity” of Rudny Altai during its heyday was in the current Altai Territory and Kemerovo Region, but still the richest mines were discovered closer to the Irtysh. In 1786, at the foot of the Ivanovsky ridge in Zmeinogorsk district, mining officer Philip Ridder explored a large lead-zinc deposit. Soon, assigned peasants, Old Believers “Poles” and convicts were brought there, and the Ridder mine began working at full capacity.
But the end of the entire Altai industry was swift and inglorious: both the Mining Urals and the Rudny Altai “slept through” the steam revolution, and although the construction of new mines, dams and factories was in full swing in the first half of the 19th century, the water-powered Russian industry could no longer compete with advanced English technologies. By the middle of the century, the inertia ended, and Rudny Altai was a pitiful sight, working with the latest technology from the time of Catherine the Second. Somehow it all survived only due to not even cheapness, but the servitude of the labor force, this robotization of past eras... With the abolition of serfdom, the authorities calculated how much they would have to pay hired workers, but grabbed their heads and decided that it would be easier to bury it all . Altai's mines and factories began to close one by one, and by the end of the 19th century Altai was practically deindustrialized. Barnaul or Zmeinogorsk, Salair or Suzun as metallurgical centers could no longer revive. But foreign investors became interested in Southern Altai in the wake of the industrial boom at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1903, the Austrian company Thurn und Taxis tried to revive the Ridder mine, but in fact it only lasted until 1907. In 1911, the tsarist government officially terminated the contract with her, transferring Riddersk to the omnipresent Briton Leslie Urquhart, whose most famous brainchild was Karabash. Under Urquhart, things at the Ridder mine literally and figuratively went uphill, and soon there was a revolution, and the Soviets took over industrialization. From the village of Riddersky, the working settlement of Ridder was formed in 1927, in 1934 it became a city, and in 1941, for obvious reasons, it was renamed Leninogorsk. In Leninogorsk it remained in the memory of many, and although the name Ridder is more sonorous, shorter and simpler for the Kazakh ear, in Altai many call it the old fashioned way. The city became Ridder again in 2002, and they delayed the renaming for so long because there were other options: I could well be writing now not about Ridder, but about Kunaev. If Nursultan Nazarbayev came from the ferrous metallurgy of Temirtau, then the previous Elbasy Dinmuhammed Akhmedovich was involved in polymetals and during the war was the director of the Ridder mine. And this position was much more important than it seems: during the war, 80% of Soviet lead was mined here, that is, most of the bullets and shells fired at enemies “flew” from here.
The former Leninogorsk is a Soviet city in its appearance, but even after Ust-Kamenogorsk it impresses with the total predominance of Slavic people. These may have been the cities of Northern Kazakhstan under the Soviets:
The bus, meanwhile, drove through almost the entire Ridder and stopped in the Old Town - the uppermost area in front of the mine. A couple of hundred meters from the bus station is St. Nicholas Church, rebuilt from a bank building (1939). It was equipped as a temple in 1997, and a high bell tower was built in 2010, and the fact that the matter did not continue with the construction of a large white cathedral in the city center is perhaps the most visual difference between Ridder and the cities of Russia. Behind the temple, pay attention - a high dump:
I was much more puzzled by the house with a mezzanine near the temple. Alas, the characteristic of the Kazakh Altai is an extreme lack of information about architectural monuments, so I never found a single line about the origin of this house. But after visiting the mining hinterlands of the Urals, I am almost sure that this is some kind of house of a mining boss or a factory headquarters of the early 19th century. However, as he writes makeev_dv , I was mistaken - this is a standard house with 2 apartments according to the 1949 project.
The lane where it stands leads to the main street in the Old Town, Kurek, which the old people called Palochnaya - along it they drove workers who had committed fines through the gauntlet. Riddersk was a large village (3-4 thousand inhabitants in the 1850s - this is more than many cities), but like any other village in Rudny Altai, it was an incredibly gloomy place, essentially a legalized labor camp, where assigned workers had a it was worse than that of the convicts - they would do their work and go free, and then work until the end of their days, or at least until they become completely ill. Only in 1849 did this penal servitude receive a sentence of 35 years upon birth; from 1852 - 25 years, and then the collapse of Rudny Altai was no longer far away. Children of workers in the documents were listed as “mining children” and entered the service at the age of 12, but in fact, in our country, as in Dickens’s England, child labor was exploited. The children crushed the ore and measured the sizes of the pieces with their mouths, which, to put it mildly, was not good for their health. I was told many terrible stories about the local past - people most actively fled from the “cabinet” lands in search of Belovodye. For example, one day a certain boss put 13 workers in a vat of ice water for exceeding the plan- not for long, so as to be discouraging, but got distracted by some guests. When two hours later he remembered the workers, seven of them died, and the remaining five were not pumped out, but, judging that “they would get there,” they carried them to the death room. A more reliable case is when the boss walled up an obstinate old man named Maltsev alive in an old adit. If there was an accident in the mine, someone could very well incriminate himself in murder, so that after years of hard labor he could leave the mines altogether. Well, as the end of all these horrors - the work schedule: workers worked 12 hours a day one week during the day, the second week at night, and the third week they rested... and it’s easy, I think, to guess how they rested. Everyone drank in Rudny Altai - young and old, Kerzhak and Kazakh. History, with a description of the working way of life. And although the huts themselves along Stick Street were most likely built later, perhaps under Urquhart, the stick road itself remained.
But the platbands on many houses are good, and do not really remind of the dark past:
At the end of the street is school No. 12, built in the 1930s:
I was puzzled by the entrance with a turntable - usually these are made where cattle roam, but here, in addition to the turntable, there is also a whole obstacle course with a single bridge.
Opposite the school there are several barracks from the same era, but with an individual entrance to each apartment. The industrial zone hugs Ridder on both sides, and those pipes belong to the Leninogorsk polymetallic plant near the center:
And the Ridder GOK hangs over the Old Town from the other side, systematically devouring the domed mountain. The set of metals is generally the same - zinc, lead, copper and antimony, with a little silver and gold.
And in general, Old Ridder looks something like this - black huts, lush greenery, soggy mud underfoot, fog on the mountains and smoke above the chimneys. We walked around the secondary streets, but what was different from the previous shots was this hoopoe, which was being watched by a cat from the alley:
At the other (relative to the school) end of Kurek Street, constructivism suddenly appeared. On one side of the street there is a former factory kitchen:
On the other is Chetyrka, a four-story House of Specialists and Mine Management (1933):
Moreover, I would say that this is the best (in its current, not its original form) monument of constructivism in Kazakhstan. Because Kazakhstan is incredibly poor in this style - I can immediately recall several buildings (but they were hopelessly and repeatedly removed), the DKR in, some train stations and some other little things. This house among them is, if not the most perfect, then certainly the most authentic.
Behind the house there is a monument. I don’t know whether only two workers perished in the local mines over a hundred years, or whether this is just a monument to just one tragedy. On May 26, 1929, a fire broke out in the Sokolny mine, the old foreman Vasily Priezzhev died, and then the rescuer Ivan Nemykh who participated in his search died.
The monument faces a park, and the park in Old Ridder is very extensive, but is an incredibly pathetic sight. In fact, half of the park is no longer there - only vacant lots between sparse trees, and in these vacant lots a Kazakh woman with a couple of children grazed two cows. I really wanted to take a picture of them, but they apparently understood how it looked from the outside, so any glance I had in their direction turned into a much more intent gaze from them in my direction. I didn’t want to check whether the cow understood the command “Fas!”
We left the park again to the bus station and walked leisurely down Kirova Street, leading to the city center through the floodplain of the Bystrushka and Khariuzovka rivers, built up with the same huts. Along the way there is a funny turtle house from Stalin's times:
And carved houses with platbands:
There was a drunk lying on the bank of one of the rivers near the bridge, and we tried to calm him down - it was still not hot at all, and at night he had every chance of not catching a cold like that. It was not possible to push him away, and a couple of passersby to whom we turned gloomily answered, “What do we have to do with this?” I didn’t call anyone, but maybe it was right - three hours later, driving past the same place to the bus station, I didn’t find a drunken body by the river.
Meanwhile, beyond Khariuzovskaya the border of the Old Town is already visible - the huts are replaced by Stalin buildings:
The center is no longer the village of Ridderskoye, but the city of Leninogorsk is opened by a powerful Stalin with stucco molding and a peeling date:
Opposite is the lyceum building, decorated with mosaics:
And the next house is from the 1930s...
Looks at the powerful intersection of 5 directions, marked by a monument to Kirov. To the right, Pobeda and Bezgolosva streets lead to the station, and the greenery on the left is the beginning of the boulevard on Independence Avenue:
On opposite sides of its beginning are a pair of symmetrical houses, the left one of which is sided almost to the top. But I didn’t photograph it so much as I photographed the snow clouds on the mountains - a stunning sight for a plains dweller:
Then we'll go down Pobeda Street. Almost at the monument to Kirov is the former school No. 8. Despite the “pioneer” badge and the Russian-language inscription, it is called “Shanyrak”, and now it is Kazakh, and at the same time a show-off - passing by at the end of lessons, we saw exclusively Asian faces, and for many children, parents came in very good cars. There are few Kazakhs in Ridder, but there are more in all sorts of grain-earning positions.
What attracted me to this side was a tall brick chimney of a completely pre-revolutionary appearance. The building in the foreground is the Kazzinc office, and something from the 1930s may well be hiding under the siding:
I wanted to see where the pipe grew from, but nothing interesting was found there. The building, similar to an old warehouse, is a completely remake. The pipe belonged, attention, to the bathhouse!
Victory Street led us to a quiet station. The first horse-drawn narrow-gauge railway from here to Ust-Kamenogorsk with its Irtysh port was built by Leslie Urquhart in 1916. A full-fledged railway was built in 1934-37, and at that time it was clearly one of the most difficult (per kilometer of track) in the Soviet Union. Its station was originally called Ridder, but even with the return of the historical name to the city it remained Leninogorsk. Three trains run from here - to Ust-Kamenogorsk (Zashchita station), to Astana and, suddenly, to Tomsk, as a reminder that the Ridder volost was part of the Zmeinogorsk district of the Tomsk province. Locals unanimously call this route “political”, which is supported so that it will be... but we know that this is not about Russian Railways.
At the station, cows got in the way of traffic:
At a distance is a plank barracks. This Chapaev street is a kind of “internal bypass” of the center, along the railway leading to the Baiterek entrance entrance. Frames No. 13 (where the wooden sculptures are cut out) are also from her.
We went back to the center. The hospital building, despite its discreet appearance, is post-war, according to a standard design of 1948 - in general, I have noticed more than once that in the first years after the war, constructivism was briefly revived in the USSR, and without being officially called that way:
The Ridder yard is completely ordinary, not counting the snow-capped mountains in the distance:
Coming out onto Independence Avenue, I saw in the park behind it a low building that looked like a pre-revolutionary house. But having reasoned that there was nowhere to find a pre-revolutionary woman in this part of the city, and therefore it was probably a remake, and I was tired and hungry, I didn’t go up to him. It turned out - very in vain, since this is the only official architectural monument in Ridder - an old library, and now the Party office, built according to the design of the exiled Pole Franz Ivanchuk. It was not the tsarist authorities who exiled him from the Privislen provinces, but the Soviets from Moscow in the 1930s, and in Ridder Ivanchuk became the main architect of the era of “high Stalinism.” But he managed to build this library before the war. In general, it’s a shame we didn’t approach her - there’s only a terrible old photo on the Internet:
1930s and the Mayakovsky cinema, although it has long been no longer a cinema, but a furniture store:
Stalinka buildings along the boulevard are becoming more powerful:
And as I understand it, the entire subsequent ensemble is also the brainchild of Ivanchuk:
The avenue leads out to the huge (100 by 600 meters) Independence Square, piercing its side:
A little beyond the square there was a cafe "Lakomka", seemingly a good old Soviet canteen, which turned out to be an unexpectedly pleasant place - the food is delicious, and there is Wi-Fi, and next to us, well-groomed-looking Russian women were sitting around a laptop and apparently brainstorming what some project.
From the side of the Ulbinsky ridge on the square there is the Palace of Culture and, apparently on Ilyich’s pedestal, a modest monument to Philip Ridder with the inscription “This mine was opened by me on Trinity Day, May 31.” There was another drunk man on the bench, but we didn’t bother him - the place was crowded, someone would react.
Against the backdrop of the Ivanovo Range there is a square with sculptures of deer, bears and dancing Kazakh women:
And behind it is the Eternal Flame. In Altai, these monuments are often made in a ring (Barnaul, Slavgorod) - because the brave guys from the village in Altai, without whom front-line prose cannot do, did not descend from the mountains of the Altai Republic, but came from Barnaul villages and East Kazakhstan mining hinterlands. And it’s impossible to fit all the names on a straight wall:
At the end of the square there are five-story buildings with constructivist-looking ends, although judging by the dates on the fronts, they were built in the 1960s:
Gagarin Avenue, on which the Eternal Flame stands, is also the extreme street, behind it is the Sokolok Park climbing up the hills:
The hills near the city stadium are also treeless, and we, of course, climbed up to admire the city from there. This is what Ridder looks like from above, and looking ahead I will say that it looks like small Ust-Kamenogorsk or big Zyryanovsk - the cities of Rudny Altai, although each with its own characteristics, are generally similar, like relatives. And always - with tall smoking chimneys against the backdrop of mountains.
LPK (Leninogorsk Polymetallic Plant) was built in the late 1930s with the launch of the railway. Notice (this is better seen in the frame above) how bald the mountain is in the direction of the smoke:
Behind the hills are several more small areas. The Gromotukha valley cuts deeply into the Ivanovsky ridge. Ridder is not only a mining town, but also a ski town, and even in this sense it seems to be quite good.
To the left, from behind the hill, a mosque appeared, by the way, named after Kunaev, and behind it the newest and most colorful 6th microdistrict in the city. This is not accidental: Kazakhization differs from Ukrainization in that it is done quietly, but smartly - for example, through a resettlement program from the south to the north of the country. Kuchma or Yushchenko did not think of creating conditions for the mass movement of Galicians to Crimea, but Nazarbayev with his “Galicia” () and “Crimea” (Altai) organized this. In these houses, most of the apartments were given to southern Kazakhs:
The end of the hill is chewed up by a quarry, behind which there are all sorts of stadiums and swimming pools... and the prospect of the Ulba valley. The woman in the foreground, seeing our cameras, tried to tell us something about the barbaric cutting down of public gardens... but realizing that we were not journalists, she apologized. A common occurrence in general in non-tourist places is a camera as a sign of a terrorist or a journalist.
Having gone down the hill, we returned to Gagarin Avenue. In its last quarters there are ordinary Khrushchev houses:
Only when I realized that I don’t remember any monuments to Abai, Abylai, or other heroes of Kazakh history in Ridder. Maybe they are, but not in the most prominent places. And here is a monument to the Afghans with a shot through star:
And, judging by the appearance very slowly, a chapel-monument is being built:
But the most interesting thing here is the thick pipes, through which, as if across a canal, many bridges are thrown - somewhere capital, and somewhere from scrap materials. . And the funny thing is that this is really a canal: the pipes belong to the Leninogorsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations - one of the most interesting projects at the dawn of GOELRO. In general, it is Rudny Altai that is the cradle of Russian hydropower, and the first Bystrushinskaya hydroelectric power station in Ridder (1916) was far from the first in these parts at all. In 1925-30, the Verkhne-Khariuzovskaya and Nizhne-Kharizovskie hydroelectric power stations were added to it, in 1931-37 - the much more powerful Ulbinskaya hydroelectric power station, and in 1949 - the Tishinskaya hydroelectric station, which replaced the Bystrushinskaya and Nizhne-Kharizovskaya hydroelectric power station. The result is a very interesting system: 30 km from the city there is the Maloublinskoye reservoir, which in fact is a hard-to-reach and picturesque mountain lake; its water, if necessary, is discharged into Gromotukha, where the Khariuzovskaya hydroelectric station operates. But Gromotukha and Tikhaya will merge someday, but in a straight line there are 4 kilometers between them and a decent slope, and these pipes connect the hydroelectric station at Gromotukha and the hydroelectric station at Tikhaya. In general, a rather clever design, simpler of course in, but clearly more complicated in Dushanbe. Alas, the taxi driver we approached politely refused to take us to the power plants (and obviously on the principle of “no matter what happens”), and we were too lazy to go ourselves. Therefore, here is just a photo of the diversion canal against the backdrop of the Ivanovo Mountains:
The most interesting view of these mountains opens on May 9th. In Ridder there is a tradition on the evening of Victory Day to light a star on one of the squirrels from torches stuck in the snow, and the star burns over the city accompanied by volleys of fireworks. , how it is highlighted, and about the celebration of May 9 in the most Russian-speaking city of Kazakhstan in general.
In general, although at first I hesitated whether to go to Ridder (his brother Zyryanovsk was still in the plans), but in the end I was impressed by the former Leninogorsk. I would say that Ridder alone will give a more complete impression of Rudny Altai than the rest of Rudny Altai without Ridder.
But in the next part we will descend into the Kazakh steppe beyond the Irtysh, where it is no longer Altai, but the Kalba Mountains.
ALTAI-2017
. Trip review and TABLE OF CONTENTS series.
Northern Altai (Altai Territory/Altai Republic)
. Barnaul and Belokurikha.
(2011)
(2011)
. Gorno-Altaisk, Maima, Kamlak.
Altai in general
. Regions and peoples.
. The land of six religions.
. At the origins of the Turkic world.
. Maral breeding.
Kazakh Altai - there will be posts!
Ridder. City in Rudny Altai.
Sibinsky lakes and Ak-Baur.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. General color.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Zhastar Park.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Old city.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Industrial areas and stations.
Ust-Kamenogorsk. Left Bank Park.
Rudny Altai. Serebryansk and Bukhtarma.
Rudny Altai. Zyryanovsk.
Katon-Karagay and Bolshenarym. Kazakh Mountain Altai.
Bukhtarma. Korobikha, Uryl and the other side of Belukha.
Mongolian Altai - there will be posts!
Non-Altai Kazakhstan - see CONTENTS!
Alma-Ata. General 2017.
Alma-Ata. Talgar Pass, or a trip beyond the clouds.
.
. Mounds, village and lake.
Astana. Miscellaneous-2017.
Astana. Continuation of Nur-Zhol Boulevard.
.
Steppe Altai - see CONTENTS!
On the territory of this city, located in Rudny Altai at the foot of the Ivanovo Range, in the upper reaches of the Ulba River (a tributary of the Irtysh), people settled in the Stone Age, as evidenced by archaeological excavations. And it became famous in 1786, when a very rich deposit containing gold, silver, and base metals was discovered here. In 1850, the ores found received the highest praise at the London World Exhibition, and in 1879, samples of them were included in the collection of the museum of the Stockholm Royal Technical Institute.
The name Ridder will most likely mean little to most Kazakhstanis. Because the city of Ridder in Soviet times was called Leninogorsk. By this name he is known to middle-aged people. But the oldest people still know him as Ridder, which is what he actually was until the 40s of the last century. So, let’s summarize - Ridder first became Leninogorsk, and then again Ridder.
Replaceable monument
So, the city of Lenin again became the city of Ridder. On this occasion, dramatic changes took place on its main square - Lenin was removed from the pedestal and sent somewhere far away, and they put him in his place... But no! The stone was placed. And on it is a bas-relief of Ridder.
What caused such a passionate love among the townspeople for a man with the strange surname Ridder? Just history!
And the story with Ridder is typical for Rudny Altai. Once Philip Ridder, a young mining engineer, was walking through the mountains, walking and walking, and he found what he was looking for. Serious riches of local subsoil, which have no equal in the entire Altai. This happened back in 1786. The local mining settlement became a city only in 1932. But still - the city of Ridder, and Leninogorsk was made later, ten years later.
Philip Ridder discovered not only the richest ore deposits, but also over fifty varieties of ornamental stones. Magnificent vases, boxes, pedestals, and columns were made from Ridder jaspers and breccias. Some of these works of art are exhibited in the Hermitage.
For his services in the search for deposits of ores and colored stones in June 1786, he was promoted to rank and received awards: the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree.
Was here…
The unique geology and interesting geography attracted many wonderful people to Ridder. For example, the founding father of modern geography, Alexander Humboldt, visited here. In August 1829. During his famous and difficult expedition through Russia, during which Humboldt reached Altai. The difficulty of the expedition was that the world-famous scientist was greeted everywhere with purely Russian attention and hospitality, so that the dinners were remembered more than the research.
True, the Ridder people distinguished themselves here. According to recollections, in Ridder Humboldt and his comrades were given several crappy kennels to stay in, and in addition they were kept there all day without food. Therefore, here eminent Germans finally saw a lot of what they could not see from behind tables in other places in Russia. Humboldt went down into the mines, examined the upper reaches of the Ulba, and even looked beyond the Ivanovsky Belok - to the noisy and wild Gromotukha River.
Another famous visitor to Ridder was Pyotr Semyonov (Tian-Shansky), who came here before traveling to the Tien Shan in the summer of 1856. By that time, the attitude towards travelers had changed radically here. “It was not yet completely dark when we finally reached Riddersk, where we found the most cordial hospitality in the house of an educated mining engineer from the Ridder mine,” recalled Semyonov.
Semenov also visited the mines, visited Gromotukha and even climbed to the top of Ivanovsky Belok, where he was caught in severe bad weather and caught a cold so much that he was forced not only to change his immediate plans, but also to receive further treatment on the way to the Tien Shan, in Kapalsky Arasany.
The road from Ust-Kamenogorsk to Ridder is remarkable for its views, which give the traveler the picturesque spurs of Altai at any time of the year. In winter, when everything is covered with a soft and cold layer of snow-white snow, local villages look especially mysterious and enchanted. As, indeed, villages founded by Old Believers who fled to Altai in the 18th century in search of the mysterious promised land – Belovodye – should look like. The descendants of those Old Believers live, or rather survive, in these villages to this day. Young people, however, no longer hold on to what was the meaning of life for many generations of their ancestors.
Of the villages encountered along the way, the most picturesque is Zimovye, freely spread between fir-covered hills.
Ridder is similar to Rio de Janeiro. Because all its blocks and districts are separated from each other by low hills and beautiful pine forests. So, in fact, this is not a city, but several mining villages and a regional center, scattered across intermountain basins. To make the picture more complete, you need to add to this the mines and shafts - with the smoke of the stokers and the lift towers that meet your gaze here and there.
Among the attractions, I would recommend visiting the small historical and local history museum (next to the main square) and the botanical garden. However, the latter is unlikely to make an impression in winter. Lovers of owl art can find the monument to Kirov. (Or they may not find it - time is against you).
The best hotel in the city is “Altai”, also located near the Ridder monument. There are also several good catering establishments here. At the Ridder Bazaar you can buy pine nuts, fur mittens and frozen fish. In winter, frozen fish is the standard of frostbite. If you take two fish and knock one against the other, a slight ringing sound is heard, as if they were made of iron. But this is not surprising. After all, the temperature outside is such that even the most advanced Korean refrigerators cannot reach.
For lovers of skiing, there is a ski trail right in the city, and in the surrounding area there are numerous ski tracks for those who like to run or walk. The surroundings of Ridder, I say responsibly, are worth walking around!
Leninogorsk Dictionary of Russian synonyms. ridder noun, number of synonyms: 1 Leninogorsk (2) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin... Synonym dictionary
The name of the city of Leninogorsk in Kazakhstan until 1941 ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
See Leninogorsk (city in Kazakhstan). * * * RIDDER RIDDER (in 1941 2002 Leninogorsk), a city (since 1934) in Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region (see EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION), in Rudny Altai. Population 56.5 thousand people (2004).… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Until 1941, the name of the city of Leninogorsk in the East Kazakhstan region of the Kazakh SSR ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ridder: Ridder is a city of regional subordination in Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region. Ridder, Allard de (1887 1966) Dutch-Canadian violist, conductor and composer. Ridder, Daniel de (b. 1984) Dutch football player, ... ... Wikipedia
Philip Philipovich Ridder (1759 1838) mining engineer, major general of the Corps of Railway Engineers Contents 1 Origin 2 Biography 3 Literature ... Wikipedia
Daniel de Ridder General information ... Wikipedia
Danil de Ridder General information Full name ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Ridder (meanings). Ridder Ridder Country of origin Norway Cow's milk ... Wikipedia
Allard de Ridder (Dutch: Allard de Ridder; May 3, 1887, Dordrecht; May 13, 1966, Vancouver) is a Dutch-Canadian violist, conductor and composer. He studied in Holland with Johan Wagenaar and Willem Mengelberg, as well as at the Cologne Conservatory with ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Train to Ridder, Yu. Yu. Yuriev, Mysticism, as a region of existence, is not for the faint of heart. In addition, it is forbidden to enter there with our stupid passion to seek the truth everywhere. Dark side. Let's shed light on just one aspect of it: if you... Category: Horror and Mystery Publisher:
Ridder, a city in Eastern Kazakhstan, is one of the most expensive diamonds in the precious crown of the republic. President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev.
Ridder is located in the northeast of Kazakhstan, at the foot of the Ivanovo ridge at an altitude of 700 to 900 meters above sea level. The history of Leninogorsk begins in 1786, when the search party of mining officer Philip Ridder discovered a rich polymetallic deposit here, which was named after the discoverer. Unfortunately, not a single lifetime portrait of this man has survived. Artists present his image in different ways. The most successful is considered to be performed by Yuri Khabarov, who depicted Ridder against the backdrop of a local landmark - Mount Sokolok.
How it all began? At the end of the 1770s, mining in Altai fell into decline. And therefore, Catherine the Second ordered to study the condition of the Kolyvano-Voskresensky mines and take measures to improve their operation. This was followed by an order to the head of the Kolyvano-Voskresensky factories to send “several parties to the mountains of the Altai Range, especially to the tops of the rivers Charysh, Uba, Ulba and others from this belt of flowing rivers and to other places to search for deposits of ores and colored stones.”
At the beginning of May 1786, a large expedition of nine search parties was sent to the Altai Mountains, one of which was led by 27-year-old Philip Ridder. The grandson of a Swedish military doctor captured by the Russians near Poltava, the son of a Russified St. Petersburg gold embroidery manufacturer, Philip Philipovich Ridder was born in 1759. He brilliantly graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining School and entered the service at the Kolyvano-Voskresensky factories in Barnaul. In 1781, Ridder was granted the rank of bergeshvoren. He opposes the destruction of Russia's first steam engine, Ivan Polzunov. In 1785, F. Ridder managed the smelting production at the Suzunsky copper smelter. In 1786, in pursuance of the Decree of the Chairman of the Cabinet of “Her Imperial Majesty” Catherine the Second, P.A. Soymonov, a large expedition of nine parties was formed, one of which was led by bergesvoren (mining officer) Philip Ridder, to find deposits of ores and colored stones, as well as descriptions of the places passed, “where, what rivers and streams flow, are they convenient for navigation”, “in which places what kind of land, is it convenient for settlement and arable farming”, “do people live in these places”, “where are there any forests, mountains, plains, what animals and birds live”, “if you come across ruins of ancient buildings, statues or signs carved from stone... take plans or profiles from them.” Thus, along with the discovery of new deposits, flora and fauna were studied, a “chronicle” of the geographical landscapes of mountains, plains, rivers and lakes of the vast Russian expanses was compiled.
The search party of 27-year-old Philip Ridder included: Untersichtmeisters Lavrentiy Fedenev and Philip Bekhterev, mine surveyors Fedor Starkov and Alexey Gobov, four miners and three guard soldiers - a total of 12 people. Their task was to describe the areas along the Ube and Ulbe rivers with their tributaries, search for ores and colored stones “beyond the places described above and to the mouths of these rivers flowing into the Irtysh River.” 465 rubles were allocated for all expenses (at that time, in order to encourage the mines of mineral deposits and colored stones, miners were promised a reward from the Cabinet of up to 10,000 rubles). On May 1, 1786, F.F. Ridder’s detachment set off from the Barnaul plant, on May 5 it arrived at the Zmeinogorsk mine, on May 13 - at the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress, on May 18 - 19 “were at the mouth of the Ulba River, where we waited for the guards who had arrived to guard Cossacks, because The research sites also lay beyond the line of outposts, security was necessary.” The “mine was started” on May 20 from the mouth of the Bolshaya Uba River. In May, the expedition explored places on the left side of the Ulba and the rivers Srednyaya Ulba, Malaya Ulba, Pikhtovka, Obderikha, Volchaya Pad, Kozlushka, Topka, Sharavka, Tikhaya, and Filippovka that flow into it. During the study, 20 deposits were discovered, on May 31 - “we walked from the mouth of the Filippovka River to the top of it, and from there back through the mountains... in the middle mountain, which has a perpendicular height of 54 and 6 octine fathoms at a distance of 91 versts from the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress.” At the mouth of the Filippovka River, on its right side, a mine was found that glorified F. Ridder and his party and became the beginning of the foundation of our city.
On June 11, 1786, F. Ridder sent to the Kolyvan Mining Expedition with A. Gobov, accompanied by Cossacks, samples of ores from the newly discovered deposit and a written message addressed to the head of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk factories G.S. Kachka: “... I found this mine on Trinity Day itself , Maya of the 31st day...” This is how he himself describes that day: “In the middle mountain, in an ancient development, there was a vein, which all consists of green-yellow, red and gray-sand ocher.” There were quartz with native gold and an admixture of rich silver ore. They immediately began developing the vein. A little lower down, a small dump of Chud work was discovered. On the same day, Ridder wrote: “This mine is possible. There are quite a few different types of forests around this mine. Seven miles away there is a good pine forest. There are quite enough meadows. Places for long-term settlement are very convenient...” And on the eleventh day after the discovery of the ore deposit, Philip sent samples of ores and a written message: “I have the honor to inform you that I have almost completed my journey along the Ulbe River... The one discovered near the Filippovka River contains gold, silver, copper and lead.” Some of the samples of rocks and ores (seven specimens out of ten) were taken to the Barnaul laboratory for storage, and the remaining three were sent to St. Petersburg. In addition, Philip Ridder “found up to 59 varieties of porphyry, granite, jasper, and breccia along the Ube and Ulbe rivers. The richest deposit of colored stones turned out to be near Ivanovsky Belok, on the banks of the Breksa River, called the Ridder quarry. From here, jasper and breccia were used to make columns and pedestals. More than a thousand crafts made from Ridder jaspers and breccias still decorate cathedrals and palaces in Russia and Western Europe. In July 1786, for his services in the exploration of deposits of ores and colored stones, Ridder was awarded the rank of Gittenferwalter. In the autumn of the same year, the first buildings were erected on the site of the future city: a barracks, a barn and a forge. In the spring of 1787, Philip Ridder continued exploration of the deposit. From the same year, the mine on the Filippovka River began to be called Riddersky. There is a legend that among the common people Ridder was called Rid Ivanovich.
In 1789, the operational report on ore mining stated: a total of 42,600 pounds, of which 400 pounds were sorted, 2,500 pounds were extracted from the “Chudsk embankment.” Only towards the end of 1790 was the transportation of ore from the Ridder mine to the Loktev smelter organized. The results were very positive: 11 pounds of pure silver, 2 spools and 32 shares were smelted, not counting copper and lead. This was the success of the enterprise and on February 11, 1791, a meeting of the Mining Council of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk factories was held, where F.F. Ridder was invited. The main issue was the further development of the Ridder mine, increasing the extraction of ores, organizing their removal by ore carriers to the foundry for testing the smelting, and completing the construction of a “capable” road. Thus, a “start in life” was given to the mine of Philip Ridder.
Along with the development of mineral resources at the mine, the settlement also grew; already at the end of the 18th century, the village of Ridderskoe in Zmeinogorsk district was formed...
His career was going well until his health failed. In March 1800 he was dismissed for health reasons. History has not preserved the exact date of the discoverer’s death, although it is generally accepted that he died in 1835.
The uniqueness of the ores of the Ridder deposit has been repeatedly noted by specialists at various levels and commissions. It became famous far beyond Russia. In 1850, Ridder ores received the highest rating at the London World Exhibition, and in 1879, samples of them were included in the “collection of the museum of the Stockholm Royal Technical Institute.”
Years passed, governments and formations changed. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Ridder experienced a number of foreign concessions, years of revolution and civil war. The settlement of the Ridder mine becomes the village of Ridder, then a settlement, and finally, from January 1, 1932, the city of Ridder. On the eve of the war, the city of Ridder was renamed the city of Leninogorsk.
Industrial construction in Leninogorsk during the years of Soviet power gained wide scope. The Lead Plant was built - the first-born of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan, the Leninogorsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations - the only one in Kazakhstan and the second in the USSR, mines, factories, residential areas, and a Zinc plant. A mining and metallurgical technical school was opened on the basis of the Factory Training School (FZO).
For services in supporting the Soviet Army and Navy during the Great Patriotic War, the Leninogorsk Polymetallic Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor on May 30, 1966, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, on May 4, 1985. In the year of its 200th anniversary, Leninogorsk was awarded on July 14, 1986 the Order of Friendship of Peoples for the successes of workers achieved in economic and cultural construction, for their contribution to the fight against the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War. The places around Ridder are truly fabulous. Ridder is located in the northeast of Kazakhstan, at the foot of the Ivanovo Range, in an intermountain depression at an altitude of 700 to 900 meters above sea level. The climate is sharply continental; in summer the thermometer rises to plus 35.4 degrees, in winter it drops to minus 41.3. The rivers Gromatukha, Tikhaya, Bystrukha, Zhuravlikha and Filippovka merge to form the Ulba River.
Ridder covers an area of 320 square meters. kilometers. The population is more than 58 thousand people. On the territory of the city there is the Altai Botanical Garden, founded in 1935 by P.A. Ermakov. Every year, ABS takes an active part in landscaping not only the city, but also other cities and villages in our country and sells more than 5 thousand seedlings, 10 thousand perennial flower plants, and up to 20 thousand annuals. For its achievements, ABS was admitted to the International Association of Botanical Gardens. The Western Altai State Nature Reserve (WASPZ) makes its feasible contribution to the conservation of the biological diversity of the region. It was organized in 1992 and is located in the northeast of our region, on the border with the Russian Federation. Occupies parts of the territories of the Zyryanovsky district and the lands of Ridder. (the area is more than 50 thousand hectares). ZAGZZ, in its natural and climatic conditions, reflects all the specific features of the South Siberian taiga. In terms of floristic richness and diversity of fauna, ZAGPZ occupies one of the leading places among 10 nature reserves in Kazakhstan. The flora of vascular plants is represented by 880 species from 350 genera and 85 families. There are 96 rare species that require special protection, including 27 listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. The fauna of ZAGPZ includes 150 species of birds, 55 species of mammals and about 10 thousand species of invertebrates, including 8 species listed in the Red Book. Taking into account its special ecological, scientific and recreational significance, the reserve is classified in the highest category of “Specially Protected Natural Areas” of Republican significance with the status of an environmental institution with a reserve regime.
The leading sectors of the economy are mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, energy and food production. One of the largest users of natural resources in the region is Kazzinc LLP. On the territory of the Eastern region there are 6 Kazzinc production complexes, among them the Ridder mining and processing complex, which is the city-forming enterprise of the city of Ridder.
Today, RGOC includes the Ridder-Sokolny and Tishinsky mines, a processing plant, a number of auxiliary workshops and divisions, and subsidiaries. The city of Ridder makes a significant contribution to the economy of the region and the Republic. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the city's economy. Business entities of all forms of ownership operate in the city: large, medium, small enterprises, mixed markets, municipal trading floors, shops, pharmacies, gas stations, catering establishments, canteens, and enterprises providing services to the public. The city's infrastructure is unusually wide. This includes road construction, road repair and restoration, power supply and lighting, transport, communications, engineering support, water supply and city landscaping.
The city department of culture and language development includes a network of cultural and educational institutions. The center of cultural life in the city was and remains the Palace of Culture, where children and adults participate in various amateur artistic activities. Such groups as “Arabesque”, “Singing Peas”, “Sounding Voices”, “Rhythms of Childhood” bring glory to the city. For many years, the veterans' choir has been delighting the townspeople with its performances.
The centralized library system unites 7 libraries, which are visited by over 25 thousand readers.
The Museum of Local History is the only cultural institution that preserves the rich history of the city. Its funds number more than 28 thousand exhibits.
There are 17 secondary schools in the city of Ridder. Among them are the UVK "Lyceum", a humanitarian gymnasium, with an economic school-lyceum, as well as a school-gymnasium "Shanyrak". In addition to general education and junior high schools, there are 2 boarding schools, a vocational school, a shelter “Svetoch”, 8 preschool institutions, 1 educational and health center, an agricultural and technical college, a humanities college, an art and music school, a schoolchildren’s home, where 15 circles of various directions work.
Medical assistance to the population of Ridder is provided by: an ambulance and emergency medical care station, a multidisciplinary city hospital, anti-tuberculosis and psychoneurological dispensaries, children's and infectious diseases hospitals, a consultative and diagnostic center, antenatal clinic and private clinics. There are 2 paramedic stations for the rural population. Specialized departments and offices are equipped with modern equipment. New diagnostic methods are being introduced in laboratories.
The city has all the conditions for sports. Since 2002, the Republican boarding school for children gifted in sports has been operating. The school has 7 departments: cross-country skiing, biathlon, alpine skiing, ski jumping, athletics, orienteering, freestyle. Ridder is the venue for high-ranking competitions, and our athletes are on the regional, republican and even world Olympus.
The pride and glory of the city are skiers Svetlana Shishkina and Elena Kolomina. Champion of the Asian Games, repeated record holder of the Republic of Kazakhstan in athletics Mikhail Kolganov, master of sports, champion of Asia and the republic in athletics Marina Podkorytova, biathletes - absolute champion of Kazakhstan Yan Savitsky and world champion in South Korea Sergei Naumik, Alexey Poltoranin, skier, five-time champion of the Winter Olympics Asian Games, as well as many others.
The activities of the city House of Friendship, which was opened in 2005, are of no small importance for maintaining a stable interethnic situation in the city. More than 20 nationalities live in Ridder, therefore the most important task that the House of Friendship has solved and is solving today is to strengthen unity, create the necessary conditions for the revival of the native language, culture, and traditions of interethnic harmony. In the House of Friendship there are 10 ethnocultural centers and the “Kazakh Tili” society (Russian cultural center, German “Renaissance” center, Tatar-Bashkir, Jewish, Belarusian, Korean, ethno-oriented society “Cossack cultural-ecological center”, “Irtysh Cossack center” , Azerbaijani and Ukrainian national cultural centers). National cultural centers of the city take an active part in the work of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan of the East Kazakhstan region.
The Ridder branch of the Nur-Otan People's Democratic Party carries out active work within the headquarters of territorial districts in winter and summer. The youth wing of the people's democratic party "Nur-Otan" "Jaz Otan" is active. The largest event is the “For a Healthy Lifestyle” campaign. The activities of 5 representative offices of political parties and public associations contribute to the preservation of political diversity, provides an opportunity for various categories of the population to express their opinions on the work of government bodies at all levels and to engage in dialogue with their representatives.
Specialists of various professions have worked and are working at the city's enterprises: miners, concentrators, metallurgists, builders, geologists and many others - these are the people who make up the gold fund of the enterprises and are the pride of the city of Ridder. Of these, only 79 are Honorary Citizens, who made a significant contribution to the development of industry, culture, education, healthcare, sports and the socio-political life of the city. In the creation of socialist industry, the Heroes of Socialist Labor played a remarkable role as pioneers. Many of them passed away, leaving a priceless spiritual legacy. People obsessed with the pursuit of their goal, boldly storming uncharted heights, they achieved a lot. These are Bike Aidarkhanov, Illarion Nemtsev, Vasily Grebenyuk, Klavdiya Semenova, Mikhail Avdeychik, Boris Plotnikov, Anna Tokareva. Their names are immortalized in street names and memorial plaques.
