Take it for yourself so you don’t lose it!

1. Jack London - "White Fang".
Father white fang- wolf, mother - half wolf, half dog. He soon learns the "Law of Prey": eat - or you will be eaten. The world around is harsh and cruel, and the white fang has no illusions about this. Devotion to a person becomes a law for him, and a wolf cub born in the wild produces a dog in which there is much of the wolf, and yet it is a dog, not a wolf.

This story by J. London has been filmed many times, and is rightfully considered one of the best works about animals in world literature.

2. Jules Verne - "5 weeks on hot-air balloon".
“Five Weeks in a Balloon” is one of the most fascinating works of the great Jules Verne, which once enjoyed enormous popularity, and in recent decades has served as the basis for numerous, but very far from the text of the novel, film adaptations. The story of the dangerous adventures of a trio of balloonists who decided to travel in a balloon is told in this stunning novel against the backdrop of exotic pictures of Africa - the amazing animal world, the bizarre rituals and beliefs of the tribes inhabiting it.

3. Alexey Tolstoy - "Aelita".
The novel, which became a classic of Russian science fiction and excited more than one generation of readers with dreams of Mars, now appears in its original form - in the first edition of 1922-1923, without cuts and changes made by the author subsequently for ideological reasons. The open sensuality, symbolism, philosophical depth and ideological ambiguity of the early version of "Aelita" take it beyond the usual boundaries of romantic adventure literature for young people. And thanks to the artistic interpretation of Igor Oleinikov, not only the heroes of the novel and the mysterious Martian landscapes take on visible form, but also the great force itself that leads “Through Fire and Struggle, Past the Stars, Past Death” and calls through the universe with the voice of eternity: “where are you, where you, love 4. Robert Stevenson - "Treasure Island."
Robert Louis Stevenson - famous English writer, literary critic, poet, founder of neo-romanticism, author of fascinating and beloved works by all" Strange Story Dr. Jekyll and Mister Hyde", "Black Arrow", "Suicide Club", "The Rajah's Diamond", "The Castaways". However, Stevenson's most famous novel, which brought him worldwide fame, is "Treasure Island" (1883.

This adventure novel, rightfully considered one of the best in its genre, was born from the game. To entertain his twelve-year-old stepson Lloyd Osborne, to whom the work is dedicated, Stevenson drew a map of a fictitious treasure island and began to tell its story, making the same boy the main character. From the moment of its appearance to the present day, the novel, characterized by an exciting plot and lively, memorable images of the pirates Captain Flint and John Silver, has been popular with readers of all ages.

5. Arthur Conan Doyle- "Marakot's Abyss".
The creator of the series of detective works about Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Conan Doyle, made a significant contribution to the science fiction genre. Bold hypotheses about the legendary Atlanteans living in the depths of the ocean acquired an amazing reality under his pen. Together with the brave scientist Maracot, readers go to dangerous journey to the bottom of the ocean in search of the unknown. This volume presents the author's complete version of the novel, which is not included in the classic collected works of the author in our country.

6. i. A. Efremov - "Shadow of the Past".
A collection based on the early stories of Ivan Efremov from the three-volume collected works published by the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house in 1975-76: “sublunary char”, “shadow of the past”, “lake of mountain spirits” and others. Written back in the 40s, the stories have not yet lost their appeal. Romance, the spirit of adventure, search and discovery are inherent in each of these small works. Ivan Efremov is rightly considered one of the founders of modern science fiction. Already during his lifetime, his work was classified as a “Phenomenon”.

7. Mine Reid - "The Headless Horseman".
"The Headless Horseman" is a gem creative heritage Mine Rida. The exciting story of the beautiful Louise Poindexter and the noble Irishman Maurice Gerald, the proud Mexican Isidora Covarubio, the cruel captain Cassius Colhoun, the brave hunter Zeb Stump and the dashing bandit El Coyote is considered a real standard of adventure prose and is endlessly loved by both foreign and domestic readers.

8. Jack London - "Hearts of Three".
"Hearts of Three" is a pearl of London's creative heritage.
The fascinating story of cousins ​​Francis and Henry Morgan, distant descendants of the great pirate captain, who went in search of the treasures of their legendary ancestor, and the beautiful Leoncia, with whom they are both in love, has been filmed more than once - both in the West and in our country.

But even the most successful film adaptations still failed to fully embody all the charm and fascination of Jack London’s immortal novel.

9. Henry Rider Haggard - "Moctezuma's Daughter."
The English writer and publicist Henry Rider Haggard was an avid traveler and meticulous researcher, so his novels are based on personal impressions and real historical facts. The combination of a fascinating plot and dynamic narrative, an abundance of reliable details and the author’s rich imagination - all this makes Haggard’s works in demand today.

The fate of the hero of the novel "Moctezuma's Daughter" by Thomas Wingfield is a continuous chain of surprises. He intended to become a doctor, but was declared supreme god Aztecs; Instead of a peaceful life in his father’s estate, he fought against the conqueror of Mexico, Cortez. He repented of his love and loyalty to a girl named Lily, but became the husband of Princess Otomi.

10. Robert Shtilmark - "The Heir from Calcutta."
“The Heir from Calcutta” (1950-1951) is a legendary historical and adventure novel by the wonderful Russian writer Robert Aleksandrovich Shtilmark (1909-1985. Written in Stalin's camps, he saw the light, attention, only in 1958 and immediately became a bestseller. The action takes place in the 18th century. Pirate ship Captain Bernardito is captured in Indian Ocean a ship with passengers: Fredrick Ryland, heir to the earldom, and his bride Emily. Further events occur in England, Africa, Spain, Italy, North America. The exciting plot of the novel and its bright characters, adventures in exotic countries and the fight for justice - all this makes you read the book without stopping.

The publication is accompanied by an afterword by F. R. Shtilmark, the son of the writer, which tells about the life and work of R. a. calmmark and the creation of it itself famous work. The book publishes full cycle illustrations for “The Heir from Calcutta”, created by the famous St. Petersburg artist Oleg Yudin.

Nowadays, more and more people are trying to get away from traditional types of recreation; they want new adventures, risks, find an opportunity to overcome themselves, learn the rules of survival in extreme conditions and much more.

Tourists are already tired of the usual amenities, tired of lying on the beach and doing nothing. I want something new! And here the right decision would be to engage in adventure tourism.

Adventure tours are popular with those who, as children, read books about pirates and treasures and dreamed of being a part of these events.

The goal of this type of tourism is to enable tourists to experience incredible adventures, discover the world of wild nature, learn new things about other peoples.

Anyone can go on such a tour, regardless of their level of physical fitness. And this is the main difference from extreme tourism. But extreme tours are usually carried out by people who, as a rule, have certain knowledge and skills.

A simple example: you are going on an extreme diving tour. So, before you dive, you must undergo diving training not only in theory, but also in practice.

Extreme tourism may include rafting or boating on mountain rivers, diving, jeep safaris through the deserts or sailing. Tourists may be offered horses, camels or dog sleds as means of transportation.
For each person, the choice of one or another type of recreation that will be interesting to him is strictly individual. Some people consider river cruises on a flat river an adventure, while others want to travel on North Pole or climbing the volcanoes of Kamchatka. All people are different!

Thus, adventure tourism is a journey in natural conditions, which only sets itself the goal of finding new experiences.

People can go on such trips different ages. This could be one person or a young couple, or maybe a group of friends.

Some tours also include accompaniment by local guides who know the route and are well versed in the area, hotel accommodation, tent rental, hiking equipment, nutrition.

If we talk about the cost of this tourism product, it is not cheap. All over the world, such tours cost quite a lot of money, because this includes transport, equipment and service.

What is adventure sport? 5.6. Adventure tourism

Adventure tourism can be divided into two parts: adventure sports and adventure travel. Currently, in addition to traditional sports, new ones related to adventure have emerged and are included in tourism activities. Among them are:
- balloon tourism: a trip in a hot air balloon that combines tranquility, emotion and entertainment;
- “Bus-bob” - a descent down the river on a special boat of a special shape, on which all participants are located;
- "Cars" in the mountains - descent from the mountains along the slopes, in the summer on the grass, in the winter on the snow;
- "Rappels" - downhill in the mountains;
- rock climbing - participants train on an artificial wall before going on a real climb into the mountains;
- parachute jumping - parachute descent in the mountains or into the sea;
- hang gliding - descent from the mountains on a hang glider or a special parachute;
- "Puenting" - jump from a bridge with a rope attached to the belt;
- "Rafting" - a collective descent down a stormy river;
- water skiing;
- windsurfing - sailing on a board in the sea or lake;
- traveling on horses and motorcycles across the plains and mountains;
- archery;
- Asian parks - various exotic games can be held in these parks.
Traveling on foot, "trekking" - such excursions last from one day to several weeks, with various competitions, acquaintance with nature, etc.
Adventure tourism is not only about sports activities with a greater or lesser degree of risk, but also on various trips whose routes take place in difficult geographical or natural conditions. For example: the Amazon River, the Sahara Desert, the Himalayas, etc. In addition, the possible difficulties of the route may depend on Vehicle, places of residence, type of food.
Tourist areas where adventurous travel is practiced are African savannas and deserts, mountainous regions of South America and Asia. These trips cost much less than other types of combined services.
There are special travel agencies that cater mainly to young people who prefer risky sports and adventure to other types of recreation.

Adventure tourism - traveling with active ways movement that combines being in nature, physical activity, cognition. An obligatory element of such a holiday is participation in ongoing events, bringing vivid emotions. A night in a tent for a modern person can become an adventure in itself; add to this extraordinary situations on the route, natural or artificial obstacles, communication with new people, dinner cooked over a fire - and you will be amazed at the new facets of what seems to be a long-familiar peace. Such a vacation will be a useful change of activity, being in nature will help you relax, and even one day in new environment It will allow you to look at your life from a new angle and will certainly be remembered for a long time. Safety issues are also important: before the start of the tour, all participants undergo detailed instructions and are equipped with a full set of personal equipment, and during the hike the group is accompanied by an instructor.

Diverse and picturesque nature - Narochan, Braslav, Ushach lakes, national parks, dense forests, impenetrable swamps, steep hills and flat plains - as well as the established rich cultural and historical traditions make it possible to successfully develop adventure tourism in Belarus. Adventure tours in our country are available to people who do not have special training, although there are special routes designed for experienced travelers. In winter, when due to weather conditions the choice of adventure tours is limited, we offer organization of corporate tours, children's and family holidays with the passage of quests, animation. We will develop a program to suit every taste, so that every participant in the event has fun and comfort. In the summer, the choice of adventure tours is very wide - this includes passing ecological trails and water routes of various lengths in national parks, helicopter rides over the Naroch region, costumed excursions to places of life famous people Belarus, safari tours, “guerrilla” hikes through low-lying swamps, mystical excursions to castles and estates.

A scene from Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark, staged at a Disney theme park.

An adventure film (also an Adventure film) is an action-packed type of feature film, corresponding to an adventure novel in literature. Unlike action films, in adventure films the emphasis is shifted from brutal violence to the ingenuity of the characters, the ability to outwit and deceive the villain. In adventure films, the heroes have to get out of difficult situations in an original way. A happy ending is also very likely.

There are 8 subgenres of adventure films: costume adventure, family film, fantasy, romance, sea adventure, space trip, the adventure of a swashbuckler, a military adventure.

Species adventure genre are:

• The gangster film originated at the end of silent films and actively developed in the United States with the advent of sound films. The paintings were intended to prove the power of law and order over organized crime. Examples: Underground (1927) by Joseph von Sternberg, The Public Enemy (1931) by William Wellman, Scarface (1932) by Howard Hawks and the 1983 remake, Little Caesar (1931), I Am an Escaped Convict "(1932). IN post-war period gangster films are being revived, and the image of gangsters is being romanticized, as, for example, in “Bonnie and Clyde” (1967) by Arthur Penn, “The Godfather” trilogy (1972-1990) by Francis Coppola.
• The police film replaced the gangster film in the mid-1930s. Examples: "Jimmen" (1935), "The Maltese Falcon" (1941) by John Huston, " Deep dream"(1946) by Howard Hawks.
• film of a cloak and a sword (if the action takes place in Europe). Examples: The Count of Monte Cristo (1954), Orpheus (1950).
• Western (if the action takes place in the Wild West). Examples: "The Great Train Robbery" (1903) by E. Porter.
• disaster movie
• and etc.

• Adventure literature
• List of adventure films
• Quest

Cecil Forester: Midshipman Hornblower

Young Horatio Hornblower was very unlucky. A midshipman with no experience ended up in a society of salty sea wolves. At seventeen, the young officer was too serious, but timid by nature and did not easily get along with people. A monstrous despotism reigned on the ship, immediately reminding Hornblower of the classic images of degenerate Roman emperors. More and more often the young man began to think about death, and even more often about escape. He had no idea what an extraordinary fate the ocean was preparing for him.

Bogdan Sushinsky: Captain Scott's Pole

The action-packed novel by the famous writer Bogdan Sushinsky is dedicated to a majestic and tragic event in the history of civilization - the campaign in 1911-1912. English polar explorer Captain Robert Scott South Pole Earth. The ascent to the polar summit of the planet turned into not only a disastrous struggle with natural conditions Antarctica, but also in no less destructive competition for the laurels of the discoverer.

Henry Haggard: King Solomon's Mines. The Adventures of Allan Quartermain. Benita

The mysterious treasures of King Solomon... They say these diamonds are cursed and bring only misfortune. Many searched for them, but no one came back - like Sir Henry's brother, who disappeared without a trace in an unknown direction. In search of him and in the hope of getting rich, three desperate daredevils set off to the Kukuana Country, lost in the heart of Africa...

Oleg Ryaskov: Notes of the forwarder of the Secret Chancellery. Adventures of a Russian princess in the New World

Events take place after the death of Peter the Great. Naval officer Semyon Plakhov, accused of murdering a fiscal official, unexpectedly gets a chance to escape if he fulfills one mysterious order. Together with the forwarder of the secret chancellery Ivan Samoilov, the magician Van Hoover, the young poisoner Fekla and the pupil Liza, Plakhov goes to London and the New World.

Curwood, Kipling, Rousselet: Grizzly

In the north of Canada, in a harsh and deserted region, the orphaned bear cub Muskwa meets the huge wounded bear Tyra. Incredible adventures and discoveries await them, but touching friendship will help them overcome all dangers! And the collection also included adventure stories and stories by various authors: “Wolf Hunters” (J. Curwood), “The Adventures of the Young Rajah” (W. Kingston), “The Snake Charmer” (Rousselet), “Coral Island” (Ballantyne), “ Little Toomai” (Kipling).

James Cooper: The Last of the Mohicans, or a Narrative of 1757

The novel tells the story of the struggle and death of the Indians North America under the onslaught of modern civilization. The main character of the novel is the hunter and tracker Natty Bumppo. Stern and fair, brave and noble, Bumpo is one of Cooper's most beloved heroes.

Robert Stilmark: Heir from Calcutta

The events of the novel develop rapidly. Courageous and noble heroes enter into a daring battle with vile villains, seductive women, thrown by fate into a stormy whirlpool of events, overcome tragic circumstances. Readers can expect earthquakes and storms, fights with predators and deadly poisons...

Wilbur Smith: Those in Danger

Oil. They kill and die for it. The daughter of Hazel Bannock, the woman who runs the giant oil corporation. The criminals demand that a controlling stake be transferred to them as a ransom. Is there any confidence that, having received what they want, the bandits will release the girl? The police are unable to help. Intelligence services too. And then Hazel decides to turn to very dangerous people for help. Officially, they are employees of a security company, but in reality they are real “soldiers of fortune.”

Reed Mine: White Chief

Myne Reid's books attracted and continue to attract people with their romance. This is the romance of the struggle for a just cause, the romance of feat in the name of a high idea, the romance of courageous overcoming of obstacles that people and nature put in the way brave hero. The style of narration is also romantic, rich in colorful descriptions, intense dialogues...

Bogdan Sushinsky: Rommel's Gold

By order of Field Marshal Rommel, in 1943, the Nazis removed treasures from Africa, but they failed to deliver them to their intended destination, and the convoy was forced to scuttle them off the coast of Corsica. The novel takes place in post-war years, when a real “gold rush” began around the disappeared treasures. Saboteurs are taking part in the search operation - a former “Fuhrer agent for special assignments“Otto Skorzeny and the leader of the Italian combat swimmers Valerio Borghese.

Mikhail Churkin: Through the taiga to the ocean

On April 4, 1918, two Japanese employees of a commercial company were killed in Vladivostok. The next day, without waiting for the case to be investigated, the Japanese landed troops in the city under the pretext of protecting Japanese citizens. Many years of foreign intervention began in Far East. Japan cherished the hope of capturing all of Primorye and Eastern Siberia all the way to Lake Baikal. But she stood in the way of the interventionists Far Eastern Republic and its People's Revolutionary Army.

James Curwood: Ramblers of the North

The best adventure novels of the famous American naturalist writer and traveler James Oliver Curwood are dedicated to animals and the harsh nature of Northern Canada and Alaska, which the author loved very much. Under the cover of thisbookscollected five amazing stories about incredible friendship, loyalty and courage: “Ramblers of the North“, “Kazan”, “Son of Kazan”, “Golden Loop”, “Valley of Silent Ghosts”.

Emilio Salgari: Black Corsair. Treasure of the Blue Mountains

The vile Spaniards killed the brave brothers of the Black Corsair, and now only revenge will bring him peace. To defeat a powerful enemy, he must team up with legendary pirates Caribbean Sea– François Olonnet and Henry Morgan himself.. The shipwrecked captain Fernando de Belgrano miraculously survived. Once captured, he managed to win their trust and become the leader of the tribe. Years later, he sent his children a letter in which he pointed out the path to the treasure...

Paul Sussman: The Vanished Oasis

The sister of the famous mountaineer Freya Hännen is a famous Egyptologist and former agent intelligence services Alex is dead. The police have no reason to consider the incident a murder. But the Bedouin, who hands over a bag with mysterious maps and films to Freya, who has arrived in Egypt, transparently hints: her sister was killed. And danger threatens anyone who takes possession of these materials. At first, Freya simply brushes off his words, but soon realizes: he was not lying.

Robert Stevenson: Kidnapped. Catriona

The duology “Kidnapped” and “Catriona” tells the story of extraordinary adventures young Scottish nobleman David Balfour. Battles on land and sea, bloody battles and chases, conspiracies and rebellions, love adventures described by the unsurpassed master of intrigue - Robert Louis Stevenson, will not leave the reader indifferent... Reproduced in the publication full set from 80 illustrations by Louis Reed and William Hole.

Henri Charrière: The Moth

AuthorIn this story, Henri Charrière, nicknamed the Moth (Papillon), at twenty-five years old, was accused of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. But then the most fantastic of his adventures began. At hard labor in French Guiana, he went through incredible trials, more than once coming close to death. The survival instinct and an indomitable desire for freedom helped him eventually be released.

Arthur Doyle: The exploits of Brigadier Gerard. The Adventures of Brigadier Gerard

The cavalry officer Gerard is an adventurer and adventurer, of which there were indeed many in the army of Emperor Napoleon, which marched victoriously across Europe. He is frivolous, but noble, loves women, and is equally ready to risk his life for the sake of France, for the sake of the next lady of his heart - or just for the sake of thrills. Together with this charming Frenchman, the reader will experience many dizzying adventures - sometimes funny, and sometimes deadly...

Gilles Weber: Fanfan-Tulip

The novel introduces you to a fascinating world love affairs and the military adventures of the protagonist during the time of Louis XV. Fanfan-Tulip is a brave and resourceful Frenchman, defeats the enemies of France, saves his beloved girl and finds his brother.

Henry Haggard: Sacred Flower. Court of the Pharaohs

Together with his partner, the famous adventurer Allan Quartersine goes to the heart of Africa in search of a unique orchid. But the hunt for an orchid is full of dangers - in the native tribe it is considered a Sacred Flower. To get it, you will have to face a fierce faith, which can only be defeated a white man. One day, in a museum, John Smith saw a statue of the ancient Egyptian queen Ma-Mi. Captivated by her image, he vowed to find the tomb of the one he loved...

Vakhtang Ananyan: Prisoners of the Barsov Gorge

The story tells about schoolchildren who got into trouble in the Caucasus mountains. Finding themselves captive to the elements, they bravely endure the trials. Friendship, mutual support and fortitude help them overcome difficulties, and sometimes even mortal danger.

Robert Stevenson: The Adventures of Prince Florizel

Stevenson can be called one of the outstanding masters of adventure and genres. His works are full of all kinds of conspiracies, duels, kidnappings, murders, sensational revelations, secrets and other adventurous events. These are the two famous novelistic cycles of the classic of English prose Stevenson - “The Suicide Club” and “Raja's Diamond”, united by the eccentric figure of Prince Florizel of Bohemia.

Wilbur Smith: Blue Horizon

Young Courtney sets out to conquer a rebellious continent. But, at first sight, falling in love with a captive of Dutch sailors, he risks his life for the sake of the girl’s freedom. Now Jim is alone against the whole continent, which is fraught with a lot of dangers. Now he and his beloved face seemingly inevitable death. But Jim Courtney is not afraid of danger. He is ready for a lot, and if he has to, he will risk his own life!

Albert Piñol: Pandora in the Congo

London, 1914. Marcus Harvey is accused of murdering two English aristocrats, with whom he went in search of gold and diamonds in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa, in the Congo. Aspiring writer Thomas Thomson, commissioned by Harvey's lawyer, is working on a book designed to restore the truth and save the alleged murderer from the gallows. But the book tells not only the story of an expedition that cost the lives of many people, but also an absolutely incredible love story.

Olga Kryuchkova: Captain of the Marauders

Copyright Competition -K2
The adventure genre is the most popular and preferred greatest number readers. Moreover, readers of various ages, levels of intelligence and social status. Adventures are read by everyone - from pioneers to pensioners.
However, they are in no hurry to admit this. And it has always been like this. Even in the century before last, the intelligentsia declared from the rostrum that they recognized Spengler exclusively, although, in fact, they avidly read Paul de Kock. Since then, a lot has changed in science, technology and social order, but according to the results of the first half of 2012, Marinina’s detective story “Tiger Fight in the Valley” became the best-selling novel. You can't argue with numbers.

And literary scholars, just as they did not like the adventure novel, continue to convince us that adventures are second-rate literature. So let us answer these, God forgive me, philologists in their own language!

The division of literature into “serious” and some other is artificial.
There is one concept of literature as an art with different generic, genre content.
Adventure genres are included in the general literary process and cannot be considered outside the context of its development.
Moreover, the literary process itself is largely directed by the evolution of adventure - low, according to philologists - genres.
Here!

Well, now that these annoying ones have been melted down, let's talk about the adventure genre seriously.

The adventure genre includes almost all the attributes necessary for interesting and exciting reading - the dynamism and complexity of the plot, brave and beautiful heroes, love twists and turns and unexpected turns.

As a genre, the adventure novel emerged in the mid-19th century.
The predecessors of the adventure novel of the 19th century were the works of Walter Scott, Fenimore Cooper, and Victor Hugo. And, of course, Dumas and Stevenson added shine to the genre.
The end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century is the golden age of adventure. The writers went wild. These are Louis Boussenard, Edgar Poe, Melville, Sabbatini, Théophile Gautier, Jack London, Bram Stoker, Jules Verne, Conan Doyle, Mine Reed, H.G. Wells and many others.
In Russia, A. Green, V. Kaverin, A. Tolstoy, A. Belyaev, G. Adamov, A. Rybakov worked in the adventure genre.
What names! Classics! All of them have stood the test of time and, undoubtedly, have become names in the history of literature.

Mass love for adventure literature is usually seen as a response to mundane literature (that is, realism), which was only interested in the everyday life of everyday life. And readers wanted to expand the world, they needed works in which passions would boil, with extraordinary heroes who would go through the most difficult trials and achieve success with fabulous ease. In short, we needed an amazing, mysterious, exciting world of adventure.

“What she likes most in novels is the long, cunningly conceived and deftly unraveled intrigue, the magnificent duels, before which the Viscount unties the bows from his shoes as a sign that he does not intend to retreat a single step from his position, and after which the Marquis, having pierced through the Count apologizes for making a hole in his beautiful new doublet; purses filled with gold, carelessly thrown left and right by the main characters, love adventures and witticisms of Henry IV - in a word, all this spicy, gold and lace, heroism of the past centuries of French history" (Kuprin. Yama)

What distinguishes the adventure genre from others?

First of all, FABULA.
Despite the external variety of plots of adventure works, their plot is quite simple. This is escape, travel, captivity, miraculous salvation.
A love story may be present, but the focus is not on the psychology of the lovers’ relationship, but on overcoming external circumstances that prevent their happy reunion.

Usually, main character goes on a search for a loved one, a treasure, an enchanted place or some idea.

I immediately remember:
Conan Doyle. " lost World" Professor Challenger and his company go to South America in search of a certain mountain plateau, where, according to rumors, dinosaurs and primitive people of the Stone Age live.
Jack London. "Hearts of Three" The young descendant of the pirate Morgan, who left him a rich inheritance, goes in search of the treasures of his ancestor.
Jules Verne. "Around the world in 80 Days". Phileas Fogg bet that he would be able to circumnavigate the globe in no more than 80 days, which was the maximum possible speed at that time.

Alternatively, the hero ends up in predicament and to get out of it, the hero will have to overcome many obstacles. (Dumas. The Count of Monte Cristo. Mine Reed. The Headless Horseman)

We all remember these (and other) novels very well due to the HIGH EMOTIONAL INTENSITY OF THE ACTION.
Extraordinary events await the hero - shooting, predators, natural disasters.

The intrigue underlying the work involves MANY PLOT COMPLICATIONS.
Heroes constantly fall out of the frying pan and into the fire. For example,

The crew of the schooner "Pilgrim" dies as a result of a fight with a whale (Jules Verne. "The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain"). Junior sailor Dick Sand takes command. Everything would be fine, but the evil cook Negoro turns out to be an agent of the slave traders and deceives him to change the course of the ship (remember the ax under the compass?). The heroes sail to Africa instead of South America (well, they made a slight mistake). And here again is the villain, this time Negoro’s accomplice. He again lures the heroes deeper into the country by deception. Everyone ends up in slavery. But one black man escapes and saves Dick. Again dangerous adventures, as a result of which the heroes save a woman with a child and a crappy entomologist.

Or
The transatlantic ship Benjamin Franklin sinks during a storm (A. Belyaev. “Island of Lost Ships”). It's drowning, drowning, but don't drown. And the heroes find themselves brought somewhere into the inner region of the Sargasso Sea. And there is not just anything, but a whole state consisting of unsinking victims of shipwrecks. The villainous governor (self-proclaimed) wants to marry the beautiful heroine, but the positive hero does not allow him to do so. The hero quickly repairs the German submarine, and the whole company sets sail from the island. They return to America, and there it turns out that the good hero is acquitted (before that he was accused of a crime, but everything turned out okay). The heroes get married and go to the Sargasso Sea again (well, they really are itching for it).
And during their absence, dramatic events occur there. Everyone thinks that the villainous governor was shot, and his successor orders the construction of bridges to the neighboring ship wrecks. And then this very murdered governor is announced, who, it turns out, survived the mess. He is quickly arrested, but for now the visiting expedition is engaged in research underwater world, the villain escapes and hides on one of the abandoned ships. Of course, it's a siege. At this time, a Chinese man, high on opium, explodes an oil tank.

Or
After long ordeals, Goryunov’s expedition (Obruchev. “Sannikov’s Land”) reaches the desired point and even wins sympathy local residents– onkilons. They live together, even fight hand in hand against wampus - people of the Stone Age. But here again bad luck - earthquakes begin. The volcanic island is in danger of extinction.

Adventure is an incident, an unexpected incident in life (Ozhegov).
Adventure is an adventurous adventure, a risky undertaking (Ushakov).

Old maps that keep the secrets of pirate treasures, randomly found letters, overheard conversations - all these moments are the starting points for a long series of adventures in which the hero's willpower and the qualities of his character are tested - courage, loyalty, the ability to take decisive action. This is the MAIN IDEA in any adventure book.

HEROES, CHARACTERS, CHARACTERS
The hero of an adventure novel is precisely a hero in the epic sense of the word, an infallible fighter who defends the ideals of goodness and justice.
Adventure literature does not imply deep psychologism, therefore, as a rule, the characters of the heroes are distinguished by integrity and staticity. The hero's reflection is not of particular interest to the narrator.

The revelation of the HERO'S IMAGE occurs through the SHARPENESS OF CIRCUMSTANCES.
The main characteristic of a hero is his actions.
As the action progresses, the heroes always face trials, obstacles, humiliation, and at the very end - fulfillment of desires (for positive characters) and collapse or disappointment (for negative ones).

The main character qualities of the main character are honesty and courage, devotion to ideals and the ability to take decisive action. The hero is unshakable and knows how to cope with his fear. Honor is extremely important to him; the hero really lives by this law.

“Look, my lord! - said Gloucester, turning to Lord Foxham. - Here's a strange couple. When I invited the young man to choose his reward, he asked to have mercy on the old drunken sailor. I warned him, but he persisted in his stupidity. “This is where my favors end,” I said. And he answered me with impudent self-confidence: “I will have to come to terms with the loss of your favors.” Well! So be it!” (Stevenson. Black Arrow).

As a rule, the main character is young and quite simple-minded. And if he is not young (like the same Professor Challenger), then all the same, his main achievements are in the future.
The main character is not only active, but also smart. His mind is practical, producing quick - even lightning-fast - schemes for optimal behavior in a given situation.
Natural data (intelligence, ingenuity, quick wits) are enough to take from life everything that it can give.

In adventure literature, the authority of the initiative principle is very strong and the rejection of automatic, routine activity is equally strong. Even if the main character was an inconspicuous clerk, events will unfold in such a way that he, at a minimum, will have to perform the functions of an admiral. And the hero will cope with this perfectly. In an adventure novel, dry book knowledge is always rejected in favor of active creative work.

The main character has an extraordinary sense of humor. With a witty escapade, he atones for failures, fends off the blows of fate, and pillorys his enemies.
The main character is an extrovert, moves a lot, strives to fill as much space as possible.
A hero can wander around the world because he was slandered by scoundrels or did not want to remain in the musty world of ordinary people. In any case, he is not looking for anything for himself, but fights for an idea/freedom, protects the orphaned and defenseless.
Alternatively, the hero can be a scientist, a kind eccentric, who was called on the journey by science.

I urge you to pay attention to this interesting point. On the one hand, the hero is overwhelmed by all-consuming, fatal, irresistible passions, blinded by love or hatred. But, on the other hand, the hero shows the ability to reason sensibly and act thoughtfully. Don't look for psychological inconsistency in this - this is how all adventure novels work.

Sometimes the author allows his hero to be a more or less immoral adventurer and act under the slogan “The end justifies the means.” So, d'Artagnan tricks himself into having sex with Milady, and even receives as a reward expensive ring. And note that this fact does not discourage readers at all.

Almost always the main character is not burdened with a family; if there are relatives, they are very distant and somewhere not here.
It's more interesting to consider love line. The search for a loved one who has not yet existed or who, on the contrary, existed but disappeared, can form the plot of the work. IN in this case the ending of the journey is known in advance. This is a passionate embrace of lovers and marriage. Where, in fact, all adventures end, what is common adventure novel with fairytale ending: “They got married and lived happily ever after.”

“To the singing of trumpets, to the clank of weapons, to the tramp of horses of the departing army, Dick and Joanna sat side by side, lovingly holding hands, and looking into each other’s eyes with ever-increasing tenderness.
Since then, the dirt and blood of this violent era flowed away from them. Far from worries, they lived in that green forest where their love arose” (Stevenson. Black Arrow)

The main character loves to talk, even to be frank. And so that he doesn’t do this to the first person he meets, the author finds him a mate - as a rule, a character standing at the very bottom of the hierarchy of the work. Servant, in short. Like Planchet by d'Artagnan or Conseil by Professor Aronnax (Jules Verne. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea).
What is it for? While talking to each other, the master and servant divulge their inner life, making psychological interludes unnecessary. In the absence of a living interlocutor or confessor, the hero sets out his plans in a diary. Not a bad welcome, by the way. Helps the author avoid many unnecessary explanations.

A negative hero is a polar repetition or distortion of the qualities of the main character. (Remember, Protagonist is Antagonist?)
So, the adventure novel, to a greater extent than other genres, is built precisely on the opposition of heroes. The author emphasizes the merits of the positive ones and belittles the merits of the negative ones.
In almost all adventure novels, there comes a moment when the positive protagonist shows the makings of a superman - he makes an unprecedented effort, physical or mental, and saves someone/is saved himself.
U negative hero Also a strong character(sometimes even supernaturally strong and evil, such as Professor Moriarty), there is will, intelligence, determination and courage. But if at that very notorious critical moment the positive hero surpasses himself, then the negative one quickly deflates and loses.

Developing psychologically credible and original characters is not essential for an adventure novel, in which everything is subordinated to the fascination of intrigue.
Characters can be typical to the point of caricature. For example, pirates are all drunk and bloodthirsty. In Agatha Christie's novels there is always a retired military man and a couple of old maids, in Conan Doyle - a native of the colonies, and in Gardner - a millionaire from Texas and a beauty who was a former dancer. But this is not scary, the main thing is that in different combinations of the same type of figures the author creates very original adventure stories.

The narrator in adventure fiction often acts as its hero, especially when the narration is told in the first person. But even being a third person, the narrator can have the character’s credentials, even if hidden.

The LANGUAGE of adventure novels is as accessible and lively as possible, so as not to distract the reader from following the plot.

PORTRAITS OF CHARACTERS ARE PRESENTED DYNAMICALLY. Attention is focused on the most striking features of appearance, behavioral characteristics, details of clothing, etc.
“A man came out of a side room. I immediately realized that this was Long John. His left leg was amputated up to the hip. He held a crutch under his left shoulder and controlled it with unusual dexterity, jumping like a bird at every step” (Stevenson. Treasure Island).

The same can be said about landscape sketches. Descriptions of nature/weather are introduced solely so that the reader can navigate the scenery and prepare for the development of the plot at this stage of the story.

“The landscape, if you can call it that, has changed, but not for the better. Everything is still black all the way to the horizon. Only the surface is no longer smooth: it has become wavy. Chains of hills are interspersed with valleys. It cannot be said that there are no trees here at all, although what remains of them can hardly be called that. There were trees here before the fire - algarobo, mesquito and some other types of acacia grew here alone and in groves. Their feathery foliage disappeared without a trace, leaving only charred trunks and blackened branches.
-Have you lost your way, my friend? - asks the planter, hastily driving up to his nephew.
- No, uncle, not yet. I stopped to look around. We need to go through this valley. Let the caravan continue on its way. We are going the right way, I vouch for it” (Mine Reed. The Headless Horseman)

LOCATION plays a big role.

Heroes tend to explore territory beyond their normal habitat. Therefore, an adventure novel can also be called a novel of search.

It should be noted that an interesting trend has emerged in modern adventure literature.
In the last century, most adventure novels took place in medieval castles and luxurious estates. The main requirement for the location was the presence of beauty - luxurious interiors and exotic nature became the backdrop for the rapid events and experiences of the characters.
In our democratic times, rich villas and royalty (as well as dukes, counts and lords) are no longer in fashion. Characters can function in places that are more familiar to the reader. Let us recall, for example, Glukhovsky’s novel “Metro,” where the action takes place in the Moscow metro – the largest anti-nuclear bomb shelter on earth.

The tactics for choosing heroes have also changed. If in the past the hero of the novel was an extraordinary person (scientist - a rare profession, rich - unattainable status, noble blood - fabulous luck to be born in the right family), then now the heroes are completely ordinary people. From the crowd.
The technique is very attractive because it allows the author to show the reader - this is your chance! All this could happen to you, just read!
I wrote it and thought it wasn’t that big of a deal. modern trend. Remember Agatha Christie's novel The Man in the Brown Suit (1924), where a simple girl from the English countryside, Anne, finds herself at the center of an international espionage conspiracy. And not just anywhere, but in the center of Africa!

But what the modern adventure novel has definitely inherited is the HEROES’ CRAVING TO MOVE.
Dan Brown. "The Da Vinci Code". The heroes successively visit the Louvre, the American embassy in Paris, Zurich, Chateau-Villette (France), Kent (England), Westminster Abbey (oh, lucky these members of the European Union!) and finally end in Scotland.

There is a quick – cinematic – flashing of scenery, against the backdrop of which strong and beautiful heroes beautifully confront villains (sometimes also beautiful). Perhaps this should be considered as a kind of psychotherapeutic technique that allows us to compensate for the lack of emotionality in everyday life.

Now let's try to summarize.

Adventure literature was, is and will be, despite the high-brow aesthetes trying to stab it with their eternal feathers. There are some doubts about the future of the aesthetes themselves.

Adventure literature is characterized by the rapid development of action, the change and severity of plot twists, the exaggeration of the characters’ experiences, the motives of secrets, abductions and persecution.

One of the main tasks of adventure literature is not so much to teach as to entertain the reader. (V.S. Muravyov. “Adventure Literature”).

“There are people who stubbornly try to consider adventure as something like the last point in the program of cultural events, at the very end, after the dancing. And adventure is that optimistic rhythm that helps scientific and artistic creativity, ensures success difficult work“, requiring initiative, daring, and invention from its performer.” (With)

Let us add on our own that very good adventure literature also educates the reader along the way. At least in the field of geography.

That’s basically all I wanted to draw your attention to on the eve of the new competition, which will be called “Adventures”

With respect to lovers of different literature,
Willow

© Copyright: Copyright Competition -K2, 2013
Certificate of publication No. 213013100491

best books about travel: adventures on the couch">

20 Best Travel Books: Adventures on the Couch

Firstly, in the fall you remember that there are such pleasant things in the world as sofa cushions, hot cups and fascinating books. Secondly, I want to rush somewhere into the distance after flocks of wild geese.

Here you have two options: a) read books about paths and roads - and with fresh inspiration and motivation, take off from a low start somewhere in the Himalayas; b) read them and visit distant, amazing places without looking up from the sofa!

1. Gregory David Roberts “Shantaram”

One of the most deservedly beloved books of the beginning of our millennium. Escape from prison and roofless Bombay, life in the slums, scams and adventures, mafia and drugs, Mujahideen and gurus... And crazy love, where without it. And philosophical reflections at the same time. A hot, spicy dish that's hard to put down. It’s interesting that all this is not fictional: the book is autobiographical.

2. Thor Heyerdahl “Kon-Tiki”, “From “Kon-Tiki” to “Ra””

This man pulled off probably the most breathtaking adventure of the 20th century! And not just one. Sailing across the ocean on a papyrus boat to test the hypothesis about the settlement of Polynesia is super cool, making another similar journey is cool squarely. And he also wrote about it. Cool in a cube!

3. Jules Verne “Around the World in 80 Days”

An imperturbable and eccentric Englishman travels around the world on a bet with his temperamental French servant. The situation is complicated by many dangers, and an overzealous detective is hot on the heels of the funny couple. Every day something happens to them: either they save someone, or they themselves barely escape last second. Rereading Jules Verne even for the third time is like going back to childhood with ice cream and board games.

4. Marina Moskvina “Road to Annapurna”

Moskvina has more than one cool book about her own travels (with her artist husband). In “Bedboard of Grass” and “Heavenly Slugs,” she talked about how they were carried around Japan and the foothills of the Himalayas in India. Now they were carried to the kingdom of Nepal, and there they were carried all the way to the great Mount Annapurna. “Well, you are complete crazy,” as their son Serenya said. It is an avid read, because it is written easily, funny and inspired.

5. Jack Kerouac “On the Road”

Two antisocial friends travel around America, leading an unhealthy but very inspired lifestyle. One knows how to live, the other knows how to write. “Really, this is the story of two Catholic friends traveling around the country in search of God. And we managed to find him.” A cult thing, a classic not only for antisocial descendants of beatniks, it is a must read.

6. Mark Twain “Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrims’ Progress”

First, the Old World discovered the New World. And then, many years later, a guy from America went to discover Europe and Palestine. Along the way, I became better acquainted with myself, looking from the outside, with my critical and ironic eye, at my compatriots with their signature “cockroaches”. Anyone who sits in one place will never properly understand the world, other people, and himself! The moral is clear, but it is also true.

7. Arto Paasilinna “Year of the Hare”

The main character unexpectedly gives up his established life and begins to wander around Finland. Not alone, but in the company of... a hare. The most literal and natural. Wherever they took them! Some unusually touching book that evokes a whole bunch of feelings. From sympathy for the hero (“How I understand him!”) to bewildered laughter (“What are they doing, it’s crazy!”).

8. Louis Boussenard “The Diamond Thieves”

Three French friends travel across Africa, while being constantly exposed to mortal danger. Against them are the poisoned arrows of the natives and crocodiles, local bandits and, oddly enough, the police. Stormy rivers and roaring waterfalls flash by, friends escape - and again fall into traps, suffer from malaria, and fall into slavery. The landscapes of the hot continent and the characters of the friends are perfectly described. In the end, they will discover the treasures of the ancient Kaffir kings, which will eventually go to... Remember who? ;)

9. Ivan Goncharov “Frigate “Pallada””

A few very classic classics in our traveling ocean. Goncharov was the secretary of the expedition that set off across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans to the lands of Japan. For him it was new life, “in which every movement, every step, every impression was unlike any before.” And for Russian literature it is a valuable gift.

10. Ilf and Petrov “One-story America”

America is made up of more than just skyscrapers. Ilf and Petrov realized this in the thirties when they went on a trip to the States by car. Together with them we arrive in Chicago, Las Vegas, Washington and many other cities, stop at the Grand Canyon and an Indian village, get acquainted with Hemingway and Ford - that is, we ride in a time machine. And we learn many things that surprise even today.

11. David Byrne “Notes of a Cyclist”

David Byrne is known to the cultural community as a musician. Talking Heads, Oscar, Grammy, everything. But it turns out that musicians can not only scream in trees! People like Byrne can travel around the world on a bike – and it’s also fun to write about it.

12. Jon Krakauer “Into the Wild”

Like “On the Road,” it is written based on real events. And also about hitchhiking. And also in America. Only in Alaska. Only towards not unhealthy entertainment, but wild nature and strange people. Both the film based on the book and the original source itself are very impressive - and will not be released soon.

13. James Clavell “Shogun”

Perhaps this book does not quite fit into the framework of “travel books,” but it is very good. The story takes place in 1600, an English sailor, after a shipwreck, ends up in Japan, which at first is another planet for him. And gradually - a second home. Even dearer than the first. And the homeland of great love...

14. Gerald Durrell “Hounds of Bafut”

The travel notes of trapper Darrell are written with indescribable, purely English humor. It is impossible not to fall in love not only with himself, the author, but also with Von Bafut - the childishly touching, naive and at the same time harsh leader with his subordinates, as well as the hunters and every animal caught. As soon as the weather turns bad both inside and outside, pick up this book and several hours of refreshing joy await you.

15. John Steinbeck “Charlie's Journeys in Search of America”

Steinbeck lived too long in New York and felt that something was missing in his life. He lacked horizons. Which he found while wandering around the country in a truck called “Rocinante”, and we found in his book. And Charlie is the hero's friend. Only he's a poodle.

16. Peter Weil “Genius loci”

A book of traveling around the world not alone, but together with a genius of literature or art. Imagine how great it is to see London through the eyes of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and Paris through the eyes of the creator of the Three Musketeers, Dumas! Byron will whisper about Istanbul in one ear, and Brodsky in the other. Velazquez will open Madrid for you, and you will explore New York with O. Henry. And that's not all! Along the way, the author takes you around the markets, and you will understand: not only geniuses connect different countries and cities with their creativity, but also gastronomic pleasures.

17. Karen Blixen “Out of Africa”

Critics will say that this thing has everything “from a thriller to travelogues, from philosophical prose to lyrical comedy.” Fans of authority will remember that the book was nominated for a Nobel, and the film based on it received a bouquet of Oscars. We'll just open it and enjoy. There is Africa, it is bright, incomprehensible and magical.

18. Yuri Koval “The lightest boat in the world”

Traveling through lakes, meadows, rivulets and streams middle zone- that's what this book is about. But not only. It is about how to find bamboo in the middle of winter, what is more important - a gramophone or a future boat, about a flying head and an invisible terrible Daddy... But in fact, it is about the eternal choice: how many friends can you put in the small boat of your life, and about what All the most important things are shown to us in the corners of our eyes. We warn you: be careful, the book is addictive and permanently addictive!

19. Orhan Pamuk “Istanbul. City of Memories”

A person who has lived in the city for half a century becomes one with it. He knows everything about it, knows everyone in it - and can navigate the most non-tourist streets so that you can only look and listen excitedly. It’s a difficult book, very difficult – and yet, without it, traveling around Istanbul will not be nearly as bright and meaningful as with it.

20. Denise Woods “Night Train to Innsbruck”

Richard and Frances meet on the train to Innsbruck. Accidentally. But they were going on a journey through the desert of Sudan. Together! For both, the unexpected separation along the way was a shock. Both are sure that the other is to blame. Both have experienced such things that now there are enough memories for two lives. Both are sure that the other is lying. There is exoticism and a puzzle here... And life, and tears, and love.

Julia Sheket

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