Basic principles of oratory. Here's an example

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“Recently I came across a list of the main human fears, where the fear of death was only in third place. The top two places were the fear of entering a room full of strangers, and fear of speaking in public. Fantastic! And I was about to give a speech in a few days, and I definitely felt that fear. So I signed up for a course with former BBC presenter and coach Helen Foster, hoping her advice would help me. I have written down eight of the most useful ones for you.

1. Time

Try to keep your talk time under 20 minutes. Experts educational platform TED Talk is recommended 17-18. Why? Because this makes the presentation denser and more vivid: only information that is important for the audience remains in it. Overwhelm your listeners with a stream of words, and they will stop perceiving your speech.

2. Show, don't tell.

If you still need to deliver a longer speech, break it into parts: talk for 15 minutes - change the genre: add pictures or videos, a joke or two, practice the material that was discussed during some kind of game - it all depends on the circumstances , you decide what is more appropriate in a given situation.

3. Anecdote

An anecdote, in the old sense of the word, is a small, entertaining story - a great way to start a speech, capturing the audience's attention with something of universal interest. It is not necessary that you were a participant in the events described, but it is important that the story is unusual and exciting - listeners should tear themselves away from their smartphones and finally start listening carefully.

4. Interaction with the public

Sometimes the lecture is decorated and enlivened by elements of a seminar: ask the audience questions, invite the audience to discuss the problem among themselves for a couple of minutes. For example, if you are talking about happiness, ask the audience to think about when each of them was happy. last time truly happy and why. Discuss several answers. Such exercises should not take more than 5 minutes, otherwise you risk being too distracted from the main topic.

5. What was that?

What exactly should the listener remember from your speech? What is the clearest and easiest way to express this idea: with a picture, a video, an aphorism? We remember best what was said at the very end of the lecture. Keep this in mind and try to come up with a punchy ending to your performance.

6. Emotions

The subject you are talking about makes you powerful emotions? Don't be afraid to show them off during your performance. Otherwise, how will listeners understand that you are really interested in what you are talking about? After all, if the audience is not sure that you are interested in the subject, why should they devote their attention to it?

“The question of what language you speak is always a question of power, of the dominant discourse, of the right to be something other than a “speaking instrument,” Ekaterina Mikhailova is sure. – This is a question about the right to choose “your own” and “strangers” (they, of course, speak differently). It’s an important choice, and it would be good to evaluate its consequences.”

7. Sincerity

Sincerity never fails. Be yourself. If you don’t know something, say so – this is in any case better than making up a deliberately false answer on the spot. In addition, you can always offer to look for an answer to a question that interests the listener. Lying is difficult, and, as a rule, deception is noticeable. So don't waste your audience's trust.

8. Preparation

Record your speech in advance in a form convenient for you. Coherent text on paper, a detailed plan, cards with keywords- anything to make you feel comfortable. In addition, although we somehow miss this opportunity, it would be a good idea to go over the text of the speech a couple of times in advance so as not to forget anything important. Yes, it takes time, but you won’t stammer and blush painfully, trying to remember: what else did I have? A prepared speaker always wins over an unprepared one.

Did it work for me? It's up to you - here's my performance at the recent opening of the Happiness Club in London."

Aristotle in “Rhetoric” wrote: “Speech is composed of three elements: from the speaker himself, from the subject about which he speaks, and from the person to whom he addresses the speech.” Word « speaker" (from lat. orare - “to speak”) appeared in Russian at the beginning of the 18th century, and became more widespread in the first third of the 19th century. Words close in meaning to the term “orator” are vitiia, eloquent speaker, tribune, eloquent person, rhetorician, lecturer. They all emphasize that a speaker is a person who knows how to speak beautifully, figuratively, and expressively.

In modern Russian literary language the word "speaker" is ambiguous. So, explanatory dictionaries the following meanings are noted: 1. A person professionally engaged in the art of eloquence (among ancient peoples); 2. A person making a speech, speaking, speaking in an assembly; 3. An eloquent person with the gift of making speeches.

In the theory of oratory, the word “orator” used as a term meaning "a person making a public speech." According to the rules of classical rhetoric, the speaker must show himself as a person worthy of trust and capable of earning the respect of the audience

Term image of a rhetorician(orator, speaker) was introduced into Russian science by V.V. Vinogradov in his 1930 work “On artistic prose" V.V. Vinogradov notes that building the image of a speaker is similar to the actor creating a certain “mask,” and preparing a speech and performing it, despite all the passion and inspiration with which other speakers speak, is a conscious process that requires the art of creating the image of a rhetorician.

The main aspects of the manifestation of the speaker’s image in words include ethos, logos, pathos.

In our time, questions of rhetorical ethos occupy leading place in the organization of speech relations in society, since the ethical component of the image of a rhetorician turns out to be decisive (A.A. Volkov). Category ethos describes the criterion of sincerity of the speaker; appeals to the norms of human behavior. A speaker's ethics is a set of moral norms, value orientations, and rules of conduct that determine his attitude to his duties, to the goals of his work, and to his listeners. Cicero rightly believed that, without knowing ethics, “the speaker will not be able to win over his listeners and will not achieve success.” Oratorical morals are determined by A.A. Volkov as “ethical requirements imposed by society on any rhetorician, regardless of his beliefs, and as such giving the fundamental right to speak” (see in detail Volkov A.A. Course of Russian rhetoric. M., 2001). Since ancient times, the moral qualities of the speaker and his honesty towards listeners have been considered fundamental in the speaker’s triad.

Category logos describes the criterion for the truth of what is expressed; appeals to the audience's intelligence. Logos requires, in addition to the embodiment of the plan, to use such verbal means that would be accessible to the recipient of the speech. According to this criterion, the speaker must be an intellectual person. Knowledge of the subject, mastery of logic and the art of argumentation - all this also corresponds to the concept "logos".

Category pathos describes the criterion of relevant speech behavior; appeals to the audience's feelings. The speaker’s excitement, concern for the subject of speech and at the same time the ability to emotionally influence listeners correlates with the concept "pathos". The use of intonation means (pause, change of tempo, timbre, etc.) and a number of rhetorical figures add brightness and expressiveness to the performance.

Thus, good speaker- this is a person who does not cause moral damage to the audience, contributes to the formation of its intellectual level, awakens good feelings, and affirms the ideals of morality, morality and law. The speaker's speech should be a sequential development ethos, logos And pathos. The image of the speaker is assessed according to three personality parameters: is the person moral? Is the person knowledgeable (intelligence, education)? Is the person attractive (aesthetic expressiveness)? – otherwise, do you “like” the person?

D. Carnegie emphasized: “The most precious thing for a speaker is his individuality, cherish it and take care of it.” Each speaker has his own individual characteristics, which influence the style of speech, are manifested in the manner of presentation. The speaker's speeches should be aimed at achieving moral goals and evoke good feelings and intentions in the audience.

The speaker must be an erudite person, i.e. well-read, knowledgeable in the field of science and technology, literature and art, understand politics and economics, be able to analyze events occurring in the country and abroad, etc. He must know the subject well of your speech. Only if the speaker understands the topic of the speech, if he is able to tell the listeners a lot of interesting things and bring new facts unknown to the audience, if he manages to answer the questions that arise, can he count on the attention and respect of the listeners.

To speak publicly, a speaker must have a number of special skills and abilities. According to psychologists, a skill is the ability to carry out a particular operation the best way. TO basic speaker skills include the following: literature selection skills; studying selected literature; planning skill; writing the text of a speech; self-control in front of an audience; orientation in time.

The skills acquired make up the skills of a speaker. He should be able to: prepare your own speech; present the material clearly and convincingly; answer listener questions; establish and maintain contact with the audience; apply technical means, visual aids.

If any skills and abilities are missing, the performance may be ineffective. Thus, the skill of a speaker depends on his individual characteristics and consists of many knowledge, skills, and abilities. To acquire them, you need to work hard on yourself, study the experience of outstanding speakers, examples of oratory, and try to speak as often as possible.

Making a speech. All textbooks on rhetoric advise conducting a short rehearsal before going to the audience. You can perform in front of family, friends, or simply in front of empty chairs, imagining that they are sitting on them. The rehearsal period will show how well the speaker knows the material, which parts of the speech were too long or too short, which facts and quotes are missing; Is the beginning interesting and the ending of the speech good?

To speak in front of an audience, you need to have an important quality - the ability to think publicly. There is no need to try to speak “from memory”: re-create your speech, without being afraid to formulate your thoughts using different linguistic means. If you do not put your thought into a living phrase that is born in the process of speech, there will be no contact with the audience.

Knowing the structure of a public speech and mastering the technique of preparing a speech, any person will be able to pass an exam in front of an audience. The main thing is to believe in yourself and your strength.

P. Soper believed that “ good speech a good quarter is perceived purely visually.” Today, speech communication is considered as a chain of states in which the production, transmission and reception of verbal (from the Latin word verbalis– oral, verbal) messages are only part general process communication. The communicative act is incomplete if we are distracted from non-verbal means.

The system of non-verbal means consists of:

1) paralinguistic ( Greek para - near, at, outside ; lat lingua - language ) Components: voice and its qualities (timbre, tempo, range, tonality);

2) extralinguistic ( lat. extra – above ) facilities: inclusion of pauses in speech , laughter, coughing, breathing patterns, etc.;

3) kinesic ( Greek kinetikos – related to movement ) units: gestures, facial expressions, postures, gaze;

4) proxemic(lat. proximus– close, nearest) elements: organization of space, distance between people when communicating.

Despite such a perfect means of communication as verbal language, in interpersonal communication, according to scientists, non-verbal components transmit 65% of all information. Their active use is explained by a number of reasons:

1) non-verbal signals, which developed as means of communication earlier than verbal ones (researchers have proven that NVCC is ontogenetically older than speech in the language), turned out to be stable in their original functions and are often used unconsciously;

2) non-verbal means are perceived visually and therefore have a stronger impact, despite their short duration (they make the communicative act more effective and accurate);

3) NVKK convey the subtlest shades of relationships, assessments, emotions ( emotional capabilities gestures allow it to act as a carrier of connotative meanings);

4) non-verbal components can convey information that is difficult or for some reason inconvenient to express in words (in certain situations they turn out to be self-sufficient and do not need verbal accompaniment).

In organizing the perception of a speaker’s speech by listeners, the way it sounds is extremely important. voice speaker Voice is a collection of sounds of varying height, strength and timbre, resulting from vibrations. vocal cords and serving the purposes oral speech. The voice makes up the sound appearance of a person and is an important means of sound communication, allowing one to establish and maintain contact with the addressee of the speech. The first function of the voice is to ensure “audibility” (Z.V. Savkova) of the sounding word: the voice should sound free, soft, confidential, in low tones (low tones of voice are perceived more favorably, they gather the attention of listeners, tune them to perception of content). If the speaker takes care that his speech is easily understood by the listeners, he will certainly develop vocal flexibility, mobility, and the ability of the voice to “draw a thought.” That is, it will revive the second function of the voice - to be an exponent of thought. The fact is that we understand the speaker’s speech based on the “stock of intonation patterns” stored in our memory. We remember the melodic patterns of narrative, interrogative, exclamatory and other sentences, we hear the melodic emphasis of the logical centers of phrases, the intonation of punctuation marks, etc.

And finally, if the speaker wants his speech to evoke not only “conscience” (Z.V. Savkova), but also empathy among listeners, he will certainly develop means of verbal expressiveness. For the third function of the voice is to be a conductor of feelings. After all, it is by intonation (raising or lowering the voice, increasing or decreasing the strength of sound, the occurrence and nature of pauses, changes in the tempo-rhythm of speech and the timbre coloring of the voice) that the listener guesses the feeling; through intonation he comes into contact with what lives in the soul of the speaker.

The speaker must be able to regulate his behavior, control the intonation of speech in the process of verbal interaction with the audience.

K.S. Stanislavsky wrote: “...Everyone must have excellent diction, pronunciation...must feel not only phrases, words, but also every syllable, every letter... If a person does not feel the soul of a letter, he will not feel the soul of a word, he will not feel the soul of a phrase, a thought " Not only the speaker’s voice, but also his speech should sound beautiful. The euphony and melody of speech are destroyed by pronunciation defects (lisp, burr, whistling S, Z and other defects), carelessness in pronunciation, especially consonant sounds. It is unacceptable to transfer into public speech verbal complexes distorted in everyday life (for example, “maybe” instead of “maybe”). This makes speech illegible, unaesthetic, and inexpressive. You should know that speech intelligibility decreases with high tones of voice, increased sound, fast tempo (stiffness of the articulatory apparatus sets in), as well as with quiet sounds and low tones of voice. It is necessary to take into account the acoustic conditions of a public speech, to know that the distance existing between the speaker and the audience “shades out” the consonants, and the “sound flow” absorbs them, “blurs” them, they reach the listeners in a significantly weakened form.

The study of numerous and diverse expressive movements used in human communication is impossible without their systematization. Currently, there is no unified typology of nonverbal components. Let's look at some classifications of gestures built on various grounds.

The role of gestures in communicative act– this criterion forms the basis of the typology of gestures proposed by L.A. Kapanadze and E.V. Krasilnikova. Scientists divide all gestures into:

1) ICONIC(having both a plan of expression and a plan of content)

demonstrative (deictic) gestures (highlight, mark some part of the space around the speaker (you can indicate with a glance, nod of the head, hand, etc.); fully understood only in a linguistic context, therefore they are often accompanied by demonstrative pronouns (here, here, here etc.);

pictorial (iconic) gestures (depict various human actions, shape, position in space and movement of various objects);

gestures-symbols (have abstract content; understood within the framework of one national team: gestures of greeting, farewell, denial, affirmation, etc.).

2) UNFAMILIAR

rhythmic gestures (emphasize the rhythmic pattern of the statement, partly duplicating intonation (rhythmic gestures): chanting with the palm (its edge); hand movement, clenched into a fist, etc.);

emotional gestures (act as backups for the corresponding intonation structures, emphasizing bewilderment, grief, annoyance, delight, joy; “read” in accordance with facial expressions and intonation of speech).

From the point of view of using kinesic signs in order to enhance the impact on both the conscious and subconscious levels of the recipient perceiving an oral utterance, a specialist in the field of rhetoric, Paul Soper, created his own typology of gestures. He suggests using expressive gestures to accompany the most powerful, climactic points of speech, using descriptive gestures to show the sizes and shapes of the objects the speaker is talking about, and using pointing gestures to indicate location or direction. The author suggests using imitative expression to create an artistic effect and enliven a speech utterance. gesticulation.

Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities G.E. Kreidlin identifies two main semantic type gestures: communicative and symptomatic.

1) COMMUNICATIVE GESTURES– non-verbal units that carry information that the gesticulator in a communicative act intentionally conveys to the addressee. These are purely dialogical gestures. A characteristic feature of communicative gestures is their attachment to specific current situations. All communicative gestures are divided into three subclasses:

demonstrative (deictic) – contain in their semantics an indication of the participants current situation communication, to an object, place or time relevant to this situation. They are the most ancient in the sign system of any language;

etiquette gestures - performed in specific, strictly fixed situations as an element that conveys either information about the structure of the group in which the gesticulator is included, or information about the type of situation that is unfolding (gestures of greeting, farewell, table, diplomatic, etc.);

general communicative (situationally neutral) gestures.

2) SYMPTOMATIC GESTURES indicate the emotional state of the speaker. They occupy an intermediate position between physiological movements and communicative gestures.

The point of view of I.M. is interesting. Yusupov, who, along with the traditional groups of gestures (communicative, visual-descriptive, modal), also considers the fourth - weed gestures that do not carry any semantic load ( wringing of arms, fingers, hands; tugging at clothes, stamping feet etc.).

A.I. Galichev introduces the concept of “invective gestures”. These are rude, abusive gestures introduced into speech with the purpose, first of all, of insulting the communication partner. The meaning of their use is to cause moral damage to the interlocutor.

When gesturing, use the following rules:

a) gestures must be involuntary; resort to a gesture as you feel the need for it;

b) gesticulation should not be continuous: do not gesticulate with your hands throughout the entire speech, since not every phrase needs to be emphasized with a gesture;

c) use gestures: don’t try to be like windmill, keep your strength in reserve; remember that gestures are an element of balance in the entire pose; a gesture should never lag behind the word it reinforces;

d) add variety to your gestures: do not indiscriminately use the same gesture in all cases when you need to give expressiveness to words;

e) gestures must correspond to their purpose; their number and intensity should correspond to the nature of the speech and the audience, for example, adults, as opposed to children, prefer moderate gestures.

K.S. Stanislavsky pointed out that a look is “direct, immediate communication in its purest form, from soul to soul...”. The look is associated with facial expression and other elements of expression, so it can be described as an indicator of the basic states of a person: a joyful look, surprised, frightened, suffering, attentive, contemptuous, admiring.

It is believed that the expression of the eyes communicates a person’s true experiences. Scientists have found that communication participants easily establish good relationships when their views meet for 60 - 70% of the communication time. If a person is hiding something, then his eyes meet the eyes of the addressee less than 1/3 of the time of communication. If the views of the conversation participants meet more than 2/3 of the time of communication, then the conversation was a success or the interlocutor is ready to establish friendly relations. Quick, short, repeated glances are a signal to establish contact.

It is important for a speaker to establish eye contact with the audience. The ability to direct your gaze correctly is an important skill for a speaker. You should not look to the side, at the floor, at your feet, at the ceiling, into space, at one of those present in the front rows. Speaker in similar situations cannot monitor the reaction of listeners to his speech, there is no connection with the listeners, the attention of the listeners is scattered, the speaker does not arouse interest. It is recommended to look at the listeners, moving your gaze from one to the other (but so that your eyes do not “run”) in order to feel contact with the listeners (see in detail Sternin I.A. Practical rhetoric: A textbook for students of higher educational institutions. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - P. 39 - 55, 123 - 128; Grigorieva S.A. ., Grigoriev N.V., Kreidlin G.E. Dictionary of Russian Sign Language. - Moscow - Vienna: Languages ​​of Russian Culture, 2001; Russian language and culture of speech / Under the editorship of A. G. Antipov. Educational and methodological complex for universities . – Kemerovo, 2002. – P. 256 - 267).

Rhetoric is the science of speech, correct and beautiful methods of communication that can convince anyone that the speaker is right and create the ground for further convictions. This art is studied in modern educational institutions because the word is powerful tool, if used correctly. The main goal of rhetoric is to teach how to communicate in order to feel confident in any situation.

History of origin

The emergence of rhetoric is considered to be the 5th century BC. e. Ancient Greece was the first to modern Europe formed the foundations of science. At that time in Ancient Greece Stylistics and grammar were studied. The Greeks were the first to systematize knowledge of rhetoric and created a large number of treatises on this topic, and some of them are studied even in our time.

Cicero is one of the famous speakers Ancient Rome

The Romans became interested in the art of rhetoric after the conquest of Greece, when the traditions of these countries began to mix, and the empire actively borrowed the knowledge of its provinces. Art began to flourish in the Senate, courts, and public meetings.

There were some differences between the styles of rhetoric, since the Romans were less educated than the Greeks. The conquerors' speech was littered with digressions, stories, and stylistic nuances. Despite this, eloquence was still a powerful tool for orators. There were cases when Ancient Rome high government posts occupied by people who skillfully speak, and this was precisely their main advantage in political struggle, which we can learn from historical references.

Appearance in Russia

In ancient times this art was modified and supplemented useful techniques. Church leaders also began to use rhetoric, who actively attracted new flocks to their faith and presented irrefutable verbal evidence against heretics. The concept of rhetoric came to Russia from European countries in the 18th century.

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

The emergence of oratory coincided with the spread of Christianity. It was most often called “the gift of eloquence.” A little later, Lomonosov created the “Russian Grammar”, which included the “Rules of Eloquence”. Such people were considered good speakers politicians, like Stolypin, Trotsky. A little less, but still Lenin succeeded in understanding this science.

Oratory skills can be developed independently. Speech development requires training, accompanied by constant self-reflection, corrections and additions to skills. You need to notice all the mistakes that are made in order to try to correct them during the next conversation.

• use the right tempo. Important Feature, requiring assimilation. It is imperative to monitor the speed of conversation, as it is too fast speech does not have time to be absorbed by the listener, the slow one lulls you to sleep and makes you become inattentive to phrases. Try to highlight important points intonation, change the pitch of the voice. This attracts attention and prevents the interlocutor from getting bored;
• communicate with people. To improve communication skills, talking about things at home is not enough. It takes practice to communicate live. To relieve accumulated tension during a long story, you need to use jokes that can be prepared in advance;
• use retreats. Sayings, humor, quotes from great people make speech less dry and allow speech to be more demonstrative;
• put up a vote. Pronunciation must be clear and correct. You should pronounce consonants and pronounce any sounds clearly;
• Talk about topics that interest others. You can start with one true statement, then smoothly lead to another one necessary to achieve the goal;
• maintain neutrality. The speaker should strive to reach agreement with everyone. Even if the interlocutor or several people are wrong, you should say “Yes, that’s right, but...”, after which you can prove your point of view.

Improving speech

To develop public speaking skills, you should practice. Otherwise, you won't be able to master them. To improve there is a set of exercises:

1. Liberating from muscle tension. The point is to make the conversation process easier. To do this you should:
   • stretch your shoulders, neck rotational movements. The head should move as if under its own weight;
   • warm up your forearms and hands as often as possible, rotate your shoulder joints;
   • use circular movements hands at elbows;

2. Articulatory. Develop and train lips, cheeks, tongue, hard and soft palate, lower jaw. Develops flexibility speech apparatus, strengthens the muscles necessary for better pronunciation sounds. Tension is relieved from the muscles and they relax. You need to do the following:
   • Use your tongue to clean the gums in both directions. Make “injections” in the cheeks, pull it out as far as possible, change its shape. Make sounds similar to a horse galloping;
   • rotate your lips different sides, pull them out. Capture the air with outstretched lips, tense and relax. There will be ease and clarity when speaking;
   • puff out your cheeks, roll the air in your mouth from one cheek to the other. It is necessary to warm them up, otherwise the voice will be flabby;
   • say to yourself without opening your mouth various words, sounds. The pharynx is trained, as a result of which the sound becomes loud and deep;
   • Using your hands, smoothly open your jaw. Muscle efforts and excess tension are relieved.
3. Improving pronunciation, increasing lexicon. List of exercises:
   • reading aloud. Counts the best way improve public speaking skills. Diction improves, vocabulary, brightness of speech, and emotional coloring increase. You should read slowly, pronouncing each word. The text is pronounced not in a reader's tone, but in a conversational one;
   • speaking tongue twisters. Diction is effectively trained by pronouncing words and sounds with maximum speed. Correct articulation is developed, and slips of the tongue occur less frequently.

When reading, each sound is pronounced clearly, the speed increases gradually. The main thing is to follow correct pronunciation, only then speed up your speech. For convenience, you need to create a picture of what is happening in your head and try to understand the words you read. You should not stop working on one phrase until the errors completely disappear.

If possible, lead voice recording both material read from the book and tongue twisters. In this way, speech deficiencies found after listening can be eliminated.

There are many exercises that develop pronunciation and improve speaking skills. The above options are quite sufficient for beginner speakers. With their help you can achieve considerable success. The main thing in public speaking is to not stop developing, constantly improving your skills, and speaking as much as possible.

The ability to speak in public has been a useful skill at all times. People who have excellent public speaking skills will always be in demand by society and will be able to find work. It's no secret that there are few such people; they always stand out among others. They turn out to be successful leaders, politicians, businessmen, journalists, writers, teachers, since knowledge of rhetoric plays a role in many professions vital role. Target this course oratory- provide everyone with the opportunity to learn for free online materials, lessons, exercises, techniques and rules for mastering the basics of rhetoric.

What is rhetoric?

This is a word that has ancient Greek origin ( Greek rhetorike), and literally means “ oratory" What is “oratory”? And how to develop your abilities for it?

Each of us has had the opportunity to speak in public at least several times in our lives. And, for sure, no one doubts that To be fluent in public speaking, you need to know and be able to do a lot. One could say that the ability to speak in public reflects our intellectual development and our social skills.

Martin Luther King's famous speech

By definition Big Soviet Encyclopedia, « oratory speech"is a type of monologue speech used in a situation where the speaker addresses a large audience with the aim of persuasion or suggestion. Oratory is often identified with eloquence, so a good speaker must be well-read and have competent speech, be able to express your thoughts clearly. But the speaker also needs to be able to cope with his anxiety, control his diction and have a well-trained voice. In addition, it is important to master speech improvisation, be able to answer questions, maintain contact with the audience, pronounce the text with the necessary intonation, and much, much more.

Most of the skills described, which together form public speaking, can be learned. To do this, it is important to work on yourself, to realize, analyze and correct the unsuccessful moments of your own and others public speaking, and most importantly, train your skills in practice. Our training will help you work through all of these difficult steps towards developing excellent public speaking skills.

Want to test your knowledge?

If you want to check your theoretical knowledge on the topic of the course and understand how suitable it is for you, you can take our test. For each question, only 1 option can be correct. After you select one of the options, the system automatically moves on to the next question.

Online Rhetoric Lessons

The public speaking training posted on this website is an integration of many techniques described by public speaking experts. Each of the lessons involves the development of a specific skill that contributes to the development of your oratory skills. Naturally, each person can master these skills differently, so try to pay attention to those lessons that seem most useful to you.

Video

IN this section skills training public speech you can watch the video famous performances outstanding speakers: Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs, Vladimir Lenin and others. Also here you can find videos from various competitions, presentations and speeches of people to investors. In addition, the section contains video lessons from leading experts in the field oratory skills.

4 rules of rhetoric

• First rule. Start any speech with a strong desire to achieve your goal.
• Second rule. Try to always prepare for your performance.
• Third rule. Show confidence even if you don't feel confident.
• Fourth rule. Practice more (this is true for any other skill).

These four rules of public speaking are essentially the basis of any good performance. If you do not set yourself the goal of achieving great success in rhetoric, but are only trying to prepare for a specific speech, then they may be useful to you.

If you are planning to take a more detailed approach to studying the art of oratory, then we will be happy to provide you with useful and interesting information in the lessons on our website.

We wish you success in mastering the art of public speaking!

Hello, dear reader! Let’s meet, my name is Oleg Bolsunov.

• I am a public speaking coach. This is a job and a hobby. More about me

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Dear reader! Please click on the Google advertisement and read on. Thank you very much!

Is it easy to learn public speaking?

Enrollment in my Public Speaking courses different people. Both confident people and insecure people. But after a while they are already good speakers.

And one hundred percent.

That's why I know that learning public speaking is easy. Any person with any data.

Don’t believe those people who tell you that learning rhetoric is difficult.

• It is as difficult and at the same time easy as learning to ride a bike, swim or cook in the kitchen.
• For a long time I believed my friends that only a select few can learn to play the guitar. Until I was 18 I believed. And then I bought a guitar and within a month I was playing quite well. After another half a year, I was one of the best in my dorm.

I also heard that a speaker needs some innate data and abilities. For example, charisma or self confidence…

Yes, they won't hurt.

It's all good. But most often people come to me without these qualities. And they get excellent results.

By purchasing along the way and charisma and confidence…

Need data. But others. At least a slight sense of pride and a little self-discipline.

Openness to knowledge is also useful, positive attitude to work and desire for development...

About teaching public speaking

The famous proverb says that you can lead a donkey to water, but no devil can force him to drink.

No matter who teaches us, no matter how he teaches us, we learn ourselves. And depending on how much knowledge we need, we learn.

There are two main elements in any training: theory And practice.

• They will be discussed in more detail at the end of this article.

Without theories It is possible to learn, but it is difficult. Theory helps to quickly master knowledge and quickly master practice. Without practices learning is even more difficult. Knowledge without practices- Just gossip, which are gradually are forgotten. Alternately receiving knowledge and securing them on practice, we learn any skill.

Later, when the skill is learned, we do not remember the knowledge and do not control our actions - we just do it.

Public speaking is not a simple skill.

He demands practical exercises related to speaking in front of other people.

• You can do exercises by yourself, in front of the mirror.
• Possible - before video camera.

But in this case, it is useful to periodically find practice in speaking, at work, at meetings, at parties.

One way to organize practice is to gather a group of friends who are also interested in mastering public speaking and learning together.

This happens often. Friends or colleagues who might be interested are interviewed. Those interested are usually found. And after the first meeting, rumors about cool leisure bring even strangers. This brings so much pleasure that other entertainments are put aside.

You can study together with a friend. And, alternately, be a demanding teacher and a talented student.

It is very welcome to gather family evenings and do exercises with your family.

It is not only interesting and useful family leisure, but also strengthening trust and understanding between all participants in family performances.

But if you still study on your own, that’s also good.

So where should you start?

Self-instruction manual on public speaking

1.Theory.

• 1. How to perform without these mistakes.
• 2. oratory.

2. Practice.

Lesson #1.

Read any of these parables:

Stand in front of the mirror and tell any of them in your own words. At the same time, without making mistakes (using the theory that I advised you).

If you are already doing well in front of the mirror, turn on the video camera.

A webcam, for example, or a video camera on a smartphone.

When this turns out well, tell this parable to one of your friends.

Next time you can do the same with any story(news) from the Internet.

Here's an example. The most ordinary story told by the most ordinary person:

• And subscribe to our YouTube channel. There are many interesting videos there.