Lenin's Testaments
Testaments of Ilyich(or Lenin's testaments) - a phrase popular in Soviet times, which indicated that Soviet country lives and develops along the path outlined by its founder Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Sometimes Lenin’s last articles and notes were considered testaments; in other cases, a wider range of works were classified as testaments. Some of Lenin's quotes have gained particular popularity as testaments, for example: “Study, study, study, as the great Lenin bequeathed.” During the years of democratization, Lenin’s behest to remove Stalin from the post of Secretary General surfaced and became the subject of discussion. It was also discussed that Lenin may have bequeathed something completely different from what socialist construction led to. Official propaganda claimed that the country's leaders strictly followed the precepts, so they were invariably called “faithful Leninists.” Some communist parties (Yugoslavia, China) were criticized for deviating from Lenin's precepts. The name “Testaments of Ilyich” was given to a myriad of objects: plants and factories, state farms and collective farms.
The terms “Lenin’s Course” and “Ilyich’s Testaments” were often used to contrast the methods of Lenin and Stalin. At the same time, later Soviet time This is how they began to call everything that seemed “democratic”, different from the “totalitarianism” that was associated with Stalin.
Usage examples
- “Working Moscow”, January 20, 1925: Lenin's Testament - attention to children- We do it to the best of our ability. It was recently opened with us kindergarten. The RCP cell put a lot of care and love into its organization. The kids feel great in the garden... We can safely say that these children are receiving a truly healthy upbringing to Ilyich's behests.
- The party is dear. “Pravda”, January 21, 1939: We will go, Comrade Lenin, // Po your covenants, // Lenin’s truth is walking // All over the world. // And in home country collective farms // Will grow everywhere. // And you, Comrade Lenin, // Will be forever remembered!
- Regimental Commissar N. Osipov. Just and Unjust Wars: Faithful to Lenin's behests and Stalin’s instructions, the Red Army will cross the borders of the aggressor, crush the enemy with the power of its weapons and with an armed hand will help the workers of the aggressor countries to overthrow capitalist slavery.
- Bolshevik daring. “Pravda”, January 21, 1939: Underground gasification is Leninism in action, the embodiment of one of the geniuses Lenin's Testaments. On May 4, 1913, Lenin’s short article “One of the Great Victories of Technology” appeared in the Pravda newspaper. Lenin responded to the message about the discovery of a method for directly extracting gas from coal seams. In the idea of underground gasification, V.I. Lenin saw a “giant technical revolution", saw the opportunity to "use twice a large share energy contained in coal...” “The revolution in industry caused by this discovery,” Lenin predicted, “will be enormous.”
- Valentin Kataev. The party is leading us. “Izvestia”, March 8, 1953: Over the tomb of the immortal Lenin, Stalin took a great oath to sacredly fulfill Ilyich's behests. Over the tomb of the immortal Stalin, we take a great oath to sacredly fulfill his behests.
- To the fields and farms. “Pravda”, June 29, 1971: Boys and girls who graduated this year came to the ancient Azov village of Peshkovo from all over the Azov region. high school. Why in Peshkovo? Yes, because on the collective farm "Testaments of Ilyich" lives and works the famous farmer, Hero Socialist Labor Fedor Yakovlevich Kanivets.
- Solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union: “I, (last name, first name), joining the ranks of the All-Union pioneer organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, in the face of my comrades I solemnly promise: to passionately love and take care of your Motherland, to live, as the great Lenin bequeathed as he teaches Communist Party, as required by the Pioneer Laws Soviet Union».
Popular testament quotes
- Study, study, study. It is a common misconception that Lenin said this phrase at the III All-Russian Congress of the RKSM on October 2, 1920. In fact, although he spoke in this speech about the need to learn communism, he did not repeat the word “learn” three times. But in the article “The Retrograde Direction in Russian Social Democracy” (z, published in g) he used the following repetition:
A similar repetition was made in the article “Less is better”:While educated society loses interest in honest, illegal literature, a passionate desire for knowledge and for socialism grows among the workers, real heroes stand out among the workers, who - despite the ugly conditions of their lives, despite the stultifying hard labor in the factory - find in themselves so much character and strength will to study, study and study and develop ourselves into conscious social democrats, “workers’ intelligentsia.”
In the report at the IV Congress of the Comintern “Five Years Russian revolution and prospects for the world revolution” the word was repeated twice:We need to set ourselves the task of updating our state apparatus at all costs: firstly - to study, secondly - to study and thirdly - to study and then make sure that science in our country does not remain a dead letter or a fashionable phrase (and this, let’s face it, happens especially often in our country), so that science really enters into flesh and blood, turns into compound element life in a completely and real way.
Stalin also recommended studying several times in a row in his speech at the VIII Congress of the Komsomol:...every moment free from combat activity, from war, we must use for study, and first of all. The entire party and all layers of Russia prove this with their thirst for knowledge. This desire to learn shows that the most important task for us is now: study and learn.
Several jokes are devoted to this phrase, for example this one. Schoolchildren conduct a seance. They summoned the spirit of Lenin. Lenin: “Study, study, study!” Schoolchildren: “And so that your spirit is not here!”Master science, forge new cadres of Bolsheviks - specialists in all branches of knowledge, study, study, study in the most stubborn way - that is now the task.
- Communism is Soviet power plus electrification of the entire country. According to this instruction, Ilyich's light bulbs were lit throughout Russia. The phrase was said in the speech “Our external and internal position and the tasks of the party" at the Moscow provincial conference of the RCP (b) in 1920:
An anecdote about this makes next output: Electrification is communism minus Soviet power.Communism is Soviet power plus electrification of the entire country, because without electrification it is impossible to raise industry... Communism presupposes Soviet power, like political body, which gives the opportunity to the mass of the oppressed to do all things - without this communism is impossible... This ensures political side, but the economic one can be ensured only when all the threads of a large industrial machine built on the foundations of modern technology, and this means electrification, and for this we need to understand the basic conditions for the use of electricity and, accordingly, understand industry and agriculture.
- Less is more.
- Of all the arts, cinema is the most important for us..
Lenin's last works
“Letter to the Congress” - Lenin’s testament
The “Letter to the Congress” dictated by Lenin () is often considered as Lenin's testament. Some believe that this letter contained Lenin's real will, which Stalin later deviated from. Supporters of this point of view believe that if the country had developed along a truly Leninist path, many problems would not have arisen. The “Letter to the Congress” includes the following provisions:
- Increasing the number of members of the Central Committee to several dozen or even hundreds.
- Central Committee members such as Stalin and Trotsky are central to the issue of sustainability. The relationship between them is more than half danger of split.
- Comrade Stalin, having become Secretary General, concentrated immense power in his hands, and I am not sure whether he will always be able to use this power carefully enough.
- Comrade Trotsky is perhaps the most capable person in the present Central Committee, but also overly grasping with self-confidence and excessive enthusiasm for the purely administrative side of the matter.
- These two qualities of two outstanding leaders of the modern Central Committee can inadvertently lead to a split.
- The October episode of Zinoviev and Kamenev, of course, was not an accident.
- Bukharin is not only the most valuable and largest theoretician of the party, he is also rightfully considered the favorite of the entire party, but his theoretical views can very doubtfully be classified as completely Marxist, because there is something scholastic in him (he never studied and, I think, never understood quite dialectic).
- Pyatakov is a man of undoubtedly outstanding will and outstanding abilities, but he is too keen on administration to be relied upon in a serious political matter.
- A few dozen workers, being part of the Central Committee, will be able, better than anyone else, to check, improve and recreate our apparatus.
- Stalin is too rude, and this shortcoming, quite tolerable in the environment and in communications between us communists, becomes intolerable in the position of General Secretary. Therefore, I suggest that the comrades consider a way to move Stalin from this place and appoint another person to this place, who in all other respects differs from Comrade. Stalin has only one advantage, namely, more tolerant, more loyal, more polite and more attentive to his comrades, less capriciousness, etc. This circumstance may seem like an insignificant detail. But I think that from the point of view of protecting against a split and from the point of view of what I wrote above about the relationship between Stalin and Trotsky, this is not a trifle, or it is such a trifle that can become decisive.
Thus, the “Letter to the Congress” was rather of a recommendatory nature, although Nadezhda Krupskaya subsequently used the text of the “Letter” as direct evidence against Stalin, speaking about the mandatory implementation of the will of Lenin as the first socialist leader.
Implementation of Lenin's plan for building socialism in the USSR
Party documents scientific works And educational materials Soviet period interpreted the development of the USSR after Lenin’s death as “the implementation of Lenin’s plan for building socialism.” Provision on the possibility of building socialism in individual country(in contrast to the world revolution originally envisioned by the classics of Marxism) is one of the main provisions of Leninism. The articles in which a plan for building socialism was developed were usually listed as “State and Revolution”, “Immediate tasks of Soviet power”, “Economics and politics in the era of the dictatorship of the proletariat”, “Better less is better”, “On cooperation”. The following main stages in the implementation of Lenin's plan were identified:
- Socialist industrialization. Although the course towards industrialization was announced after Lenin's death by the XIV Party Congress in December 1925, it was often pointed out that this course was a continuation of Lenin's GOELRO plan.
- Cooperation of the peasantry. Assessing the role of the peasantry in the revolution was the subject of many of Lenin's works. One of the first acts of Soviet power was the Decree on Land. In the years civil war peasants were forced to share food with workers through the policy of surplus appropriation and later the tax in kind. Lenin devoted several works to issues of cooperation in the countryside: “The Immediate Tasks of Soviet Power”, “Report on Work in the Village on March 23, 1919”, “On the Food Tax”, “On Cooperation”. Total collectivization was carried out after Lenin's death by decision of the XV Party Congress, held in December 1927.
- Cultural Revolution . Eliminating illiteracy and building a system public education were also seen as the implementation of Lenin's ideas. It was noted that Lenin pointed to the need to study (or, more precisely, “learn communism,” as he did in “Tasks of Youth Unions”).
Testaments of Ilyich on the map of Russia
- Village of Zavety Ilyich, Moscow region, Pushkinsky district. Index: 141254
- Village Zavet Ilyich, Saratov region, Engelssky district. Index: 413168
- Village of Zavety Ilyich, Altai region, Aleisky district. Index: 658110
- Village of Zavety Ilyich, Khabarovsk region, Sovetsko-Gavansky district. Index: 682844
- Village of Zavety Ilyich, Sakhalin region, Nevelsky district. Postcode: 694730
- Village of Zavety Ilyich, Republic of Bashkortostan, Iglinsky district. Index: 452421
- Village of Testaments of Ilyich, Smolensk region, Roslavl district. Index: 216500
Songs
- They are faithful to Lenin's precepts. Composer Seraphim Tulikov.
Testaments of another Ilyich
Due to the identity of patronymics, the expression “Ilyich’s behests” is sometimes used in relation to another Ilyich - Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. The Izvestia newspaper published an article “Ilyich’s Testaments” dedicated to the 20th anniversary of Brezhnev’s death.
Illustrations
- Banner along the street: “The legacy of Lenin calls us forward”
- Station "Zavety Ilyich" in the Moscow region (along the Yaroslavl road)
see also
Links
- V. I. Lenin. Last years of life and activity (December 1922 - January 1924)
- Implementation of Lenin's plan for building socialism in the USSR (1925-1941)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what “Testaments of Lenin” are in other dictionaries:
This term has other meanings, see Testaments of Ilyich (meanings). “Lenin lived, Lenin is alive, Lenin will live!” V.V. Mayakovsky The Testaments of Ilyich (or the Testaments of Lenin ... Wikipedia
Experience of Building Communism in a Single Country
You cannot build communism in the country in which you live. This must be a country taken separately for the construction of communism. Therefore, before building, you need to choose a country. It could be America, Germany. France. A country that is economically developed and has not yet been ruined by the construction of communism. Switzerland is good both because of its nature and because of its banks in which you can invest capital. Because no matter how rich the country is, you need to come to it only with your own capital. It’s even better to first transfer there the capital you need to build communism. The essential question is where to get capital. It is usually taken from someone else's property. At the first stage, through its nationalization, and at the second, through privatization. First, someone else's property is nationalized into state property, and then state property is privatized into private property, but this time one's own. The main thing is to dump the economy in the state so that it is in bad condition, and then take what is bad, transport it to a separate country and build it there
“What is Horizon?”
- What is communism?
- You walk down the street and there are cars. You take any for free and go. As you drive, you see jeans. You take any for free and move on. You drive out to the square, and there is beer, barrels, barrels, and a mug is chained to each one. This is communism.
Lithuanian, Estonian, Latvian, Jewish
Socialism is communism minus the electrification of the entire country.
City
At the request of his fellow tribesmen, the Chukchi went to Moscow to find out when communism will happen. The Chukchi comes to see Gorbachev and asks: “When will there be communism?” - Look: you see, there is my “Volga”, “Volga” by Lukyanov, “Volga” by Ligachev. When your Volga is standing next to you, then, consider it, there will be communism. The Chukchi returned to the camp. - Did you find out? - I found out. You see, there are my high boots, your high boots and more high boots. When Gorbachev’s high boots stand nearby, then, consider it, there will be communism
“everyone shuts up in fear”
- What does the word “CUBA” mean?
- Communism off the coast of America.
Rus.
Is it true that after entering Soviet troops Communism came to Czechoslovakia? - Is it true. Electrification in Czechoslovakia has been carried out for a long time.
“Who is feeling good now?”
- What is capitalism?
- This is an unequal distribution of wealth.
- What is communism?
- This is an unequal distribution of poverty.
Sov.
If socialism is: “He who doesn’t work, doesn’t eat,” then communism: - Eat!!! - I don’t want...
The American President once turned to God:
- Lord, when will unemployment end in my country?
God answered: “In a hundred years.”
American President said: “I won’t make it!” - and began to cry.
The French President asks God:
God answered: “In a hundred years.
The French President said: “I won’t make it!” - and began to cry.
Our Secretary General asks God:
- Lord, when will communism be built in my country?
God said: “I won’t live long!” - and began to cry.
“Operator Ordered to Write About Everyone”
Resident of one of western regions Ukraine is accepted into the party. He is asked:
- Do you imagine what communism is, the construction of which is our task?
- That’s why life is so garne, if you live so well... Well, it was for Poland.
Ukr.
“Why did you need it?”
An American billionaire came to the USSR, bought everything in GUM and announced a free distribution of goods. There was a dump, there were killed and wounded.
They ask: - Why did you need this? Billionaire: - I wanted to see communism with my own eyes - I distributed it according to needs...
Est.
Two people are fighting.
- Yes, you are a goat!
- Am I the goat?
- You don’t even look like a goat!
- Who - I don’t look like?!
COMMUNISM, COMMUNIST, BOLSHEVISM, BOLSHEVIK
"Communism is nothingness."
A. Solzhenitsyn
"Bolshevism is not a policy, it is a disease."
W. Churchill
"The Party solemnly proclaims: the present generation Soviet people will live under communism."
From the Report of the CPSU Central Committee, which was delivered by N. S. Khrushchev at the XXI Party Congress
“We reach such heights from where the shining peaks of communism are visibly visible.”
N. S. Khrushchev
Leaders of the People
Gromyko to Carter: “In the coming years, we would like to buy grain from you in large quantities. - Please! - We would also like to purchase a batch of modern computers from you. - Fine! - How do you feel about selling us a number of technological patents? - Why not? - Mr. President, it would be nice to link these transactions into one comprehensive agreement. - Wonderful! We will conclude an agreement under which the United States undertakes to build communism in the USSR
Poster at the Artillery Academy: Our goal is communism
How do we know that communism has already arrived?
- will be announced on the radio and in newspapers. If people still have televisions, they will report on television
War communism. Exchange of telegrams between Sarah and her husband, who is in the Red Army. "I have to plant potatoes. There is no one to dig the garden." "Don't dig it up. There's a machine gun buried in the garden." "The security officers came. They dug up the entire garden." "Plant potatoes."
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