The theme of the homeland in literary works examples. The theme of the homeland in the lyrics of Russian poets

This is my homeland, my native land, my fatherland,

- and there is nothing hotter in life,

deeper and more sacred feelings,

than love for you...

A.N. Tolstoy

“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” - the greatest patriotic poem of Ancient Rus' .

Illustrations for “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” by V.A. Favorsky. From woodcuts.
The pinnacle of lyricism is recognized as “The Lament of Yaroslavna,” the wife of the captured Igor: “I will fly like a cuckoo along the Danube, I will wet my silk sleeve in the Kayala River, I will wipe the prince’s bloody wounds on his mighty body.” Yaroslavna turns with a plaintive lament to the forces of nature - the Wind, the Dnieper, the Sun, reproaching them for the misfortune that befell her husband and imploring them to help him.

Homeland in the life and work of N.M. Karamzin

“...We must nurture love for the fatherland and a feeling for the people... It seems to me that I see how people’s pride and love of fame are increasing in Russia with new generations!.. And those cold people who do not believe the strong influence of the graceful on the education of souls and laugh at the romantic patriotism, is it worthy of an answer? These words belong to N. Karamzin, and they appeared in the journal “Bulletin of Europe” founded by him. This is how the birth of Karamzin the writer happened, about whom Belinsky would later say: “Karamzin began a new era of Russian literature.” The homeland occupied a special place in Karamzin’s life and work. Each writer revealed the theme of his homeland using the example of different images: his native land, familiar landscapes, and Karamzin used the example of the history of his country, and his main work is “History of the Russian State”

“The History of the Russian State” is an epic creation that tells the story of the life of a country that has passed through a difficult and glorious path. The undoubted hero of this work is the Russian national character, taken in development, formation, in all its endless originality, combining features that seem incompatible at first glance. Many people later wrote about Russia, but the world had not yet seen its true history before Karamzin’s work, translated into the most important languages. From 1804 to 1826, over 20 years that Karamzin dedicated to the “History of the Russian State,” the writer decided for himself the question of whether he should write about his ancestors with the impartiality of a researcher studying ciliates: “I know, we need the impartiality of a historian: sorry, I don’t always could hide his love for the Fatherland..."

The article “On Love for the Fatherland and National Pride,” written in 1802, was the most complete expression of Karamzin’s views. It is the fruit of long thought, a confession of the philosophy of happiness. Dividing love for the fatherland into physical, moral and political, Karamzin eloquently shows their characteristics and properties. A person, Karamzin claims, loves the place of his birth and upbringing - this affection is common to everyone, “a matter of nature and should be called physical”
Nowadays, it is especially clear that without Karamzin, without his “History of the Russian State,” not only Zhukovsky, Ryleev’s “Dumas,” Odoevsky’s ballads, but also Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.N. Tolstoy would have been impossible.

A.S. Pushkin - historian, philosopher, politician, man and patriot.

Pushkin embodied world harmony in his poetic word, and although he, a passionate poet, had so much immediate life and curiosity about it that he could have given himself to life selflessly. And that is why Pushkin is the most precious thing that Russia has, the dearest and closest to each of us; and that is why, as one researcher of Russian literature noted, it is difficult for us to talk about him calmly, without enthusiasm.

Pushkin was more than a poet. He was a historian, philosopher, politician, a Man, and, of course, an ardent patriot of his homeland, representing the era.

The image of Peter I - the “lord of fate” - is integral to Russia.

Pushkin saw in the image of Peter I an exemplary ruler of the Russian state. He speaks of the glorious reign of Peter, calling him “the master of fate”, who raised “Russia on its hind legs” and opened a “window to Europe”.

The Motherland as an object of love, pride, poetic understanding of its fate in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov.

There, behind the joys comes reproach.

There is a man groaning from slavery and chains!

Friend! This is the land... my homeland.

In Lermontov’s lyrical works, the Motherland is an object of love, a poetic understanding of its fate and its future. For him, this concept has a broad, rich and multifaceted content. Lermontov's poems are almost always an internal, intense monologue, a sincere confession, questions asked to oneself and answers to them.

Already in Lermontov’s early works one can find his reflections on the future of Russia. One of these thoughts is the poem “Prediction”. The sixteen-year-old poet, who hated tyranny, political oppression and the Nicholas reaction, which came after the defeat of the revolutionary action of the best part of the Russian nobility, predicts the inevitable death of the autocracy: “... the crown of the kings will fall.”

Homeland is the theme of Lermontov’s lyrics, which developed throughout the poet’s entire work.

But I love - why, I don’t know
Its steppes are coldly silent,
Her boundless forests sway,
The floods of its rivers are like seas. \

Undoubtedly, Lermontov became a national poet. Some of his poems were set to music and became songs and romances, such as “I go out alone on the road...” In less than 27 years of his life, the poet created so much that he forever glorified Russian literature and continued the work of the great Russian poet Pushkin, becoming on par with him. Lermontov's view of Russia, his critical love for his homeland turned out to be close to the next generations of Russian writers, influenced the work of such poets as A. Blok, Nekrasov, and especially the work of Ivan Bunin.

Searching for an answer to the question “To be or not to be Russia?” in the works of I.A. Bunin.

It is difficult to imagine next to Bunin any of the writers of the 20th century who caused equally opposite assessments. The “eternal religious conscience” of Russia and the chronicler of the “memorable failures” of the revolution - these are the extreme poles between which there are a great many other judgments. According to the first of these points of view, Bunin only occasionally succumbed to the “deceptive existence”, the haze of “historical Russia”, and during periods of highest creative insights he “tuned all the strings of his soul” to the chorale “of God’s order and order, which was Russia.”

Homeland in the life and work of Igor Severyanin

“The days of party discord are bleak for us among brutal people”

It so happened that in 1918, during the civil war, the poet found himself in a zone occupied by Germany. He ends up in Estonia, which then, as we know, becomes independent. And from that time, almost until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, that is, until his death, he lived in a foreign land. It was abroad, in separation from their native land, that such writers as Kuprin, Bryusov, Balmont and many others created their works about Russia, and Igor Severyanin’s longing for his homeland also left its mark on the poet’s work.

Northerner creates a series of poems dedicated to Russian writers, in which he says how important their work is for Russian literature, for Russia. Here are poems about Gogol, Fet, Sologub, Gumilyov. Without false modesty, Igor Severyanin dedicates poetry to himself. They are called “Igor Severyanin”. Let's not forget that back in 1918 he was called the “King of Poets.”

It is also worth noting that many of Severyanin’s poems contain irony. Irony for himself, for his time, for people and for everything that surrounds him. But there was never any anger or hatred in his poems towards those who did not understand him, who mocked his self-praise. The poet himself called himself an ironist, making it clear to the reader that this was his style, the style of the author hiding behind his hero with an ironic grin.

The image of Russia - a country of enormous power and energy - in the works of Alexander Blok.

A broad, multi-colored, full of life and movement picture of his native land “in tear-stained and ancient beauty” is composed in Blok’s poems. Vast Russian distances, endless roads, deep rivers, scanty clay of washed-out cliffs and flaming rowan trees, violent blizzards and snowstorms, bloody sunsets; burning villages, mad troikas, gray huts, alarming cries of swans, factory chimneys and whistles, the fire of war and mass graves. This is what Russia was like for the Bloc.

Homeland in the life and work of Sergei Yesenin.

Native land! The fields are like saints,

Groves in icon rims,

I would like to get lost

In your hundred-ringing greens.

So in Yesenin’s songs about the homeland there is no -

no yes and they slip

thoughtful and sad notes,

like a light cloud of sadness on

cloudless - its blue sky

youthful lyrics.

The poet did not spare colors to make it brighter

convey wealth and beauty

native nature. Image

Yesenin's relationship with nature is complemented by another feature: love for all living things: animals, birds, domestic animals. In poetry they are endowed with almost human feelings.

Results of the evolution of the theme of the Motherland in the lyrics of Sergei Yesenin

Thus, born and growing from landscape miniatures and song stylizations, the theme of the Motherland absorbs Russian landscapes and songs, and in the poetic world of Sergei Yesenin these three concepts: Russia, nature and the “song word” - merge together. Admiration for the beauty of the native land, a depiction of the difficult life of the people, the dream of a “peasant paradise”, rejection of urban civilization and the desire to comprehend “Soviet Rus'”, a feeling of unity with every inhabitant of the planet and the “love for the native land” remaining in the heart - this is the evolution of the theme of the native land in the lyrics of Sergei Yesenin.

“The topic of Russia... I consciously devote my life to this topic...” - words from Blok’s famous letter, which were not just a declarative statement. They acquired a programmatic meaning and were confirmed by all the poet’s work and the life he lived.

This immortal theme, the theme of a deep feeling of love for the Motherland, hard-won faith in Russia, faith in Russia’s ability to change - while preserving its original nature - was inherited and updated by the great writers of the 19th-20th centuries and became one of the most important themes in Russian literature.

Mind Russia Not understand , Arshin general Not measure : U her special become - IN Russia Can only believe .

They love homeland Not behind That , What she great , A behind That , What its .

But I love you , homeland meek ! A behind What - unravel Not Can . Vesela yours joy short WITH loud song in the spring on meadow .

The most the best purpose There is protect yours fatherland .

Two feelings wonderful close us - IN them gains heart food : Love To to my native ashes , Love To fatherly coffins .

Russia - Sphinx . Rejoicing And mourning , AND pouring himself black blood , She looks , looks , looks V you , AND With hatred , And With love !..

In this article, we have selected current and frequently encountered problems regarding patriotism from texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The arguments we found in Russian literature correspond to all criteria for evaluating work in the exam. For convenience, you can download all these examples in table format at the end of the article.

« MindRussia Not understand, cannot be measured by a common yardstick: she has become something special - you can only believe in Russia,” F. I. Tyutchev speaks about his homeland. Although the poet lived abroad for a long time, he always loved and yearned for the way of Russian life. He liked the brightness of character, liveliness of mind and unpredictability of his compatriots, because he considered Europeans to be too measured and even slightly boring in character. The author is confident that Russia has its own path prepared; it will not get bogged down in “philistine aspirations,” but will grow spiritually, and it is this spirituality that will distinguish it in a number of other countries.
M. Tsvetaeva had a difficult relationship with her homeland; she either always wanted to return, or felt resentment towards her native land. In a poem "Homesickness…" you can feel the growing tension, which sometimes turns into screaming. The heroine feels powerless because there is no one to listen to her. But the exclamations stop when Tsvetaeva suddenly remembers the main symbol of Russia - the mountain ash. Only at the end do we feel how great her love is, it is love in spite of everything and in spite of everything. She just is.
We see a comparison at the intersection of true and false love in the epic novel L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. At first, Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war only because he is “bored of social life”, tired of his wife, he even advises Pierre “not to get married.” He is attracted by titles and honor, for which he is ready to make great sacrifices. But the Andrei we meet on his deathbed is completely different. He was changed by the Battle of Austerlitz, where his gaze was riveted by the sky, its beauty and the beauty of nature, which he seemed to have never seen. Against this background, Napoleon, who noticed the wounded Andrei, seemed so insignificant, and his ranks seemed useless and low. At that moment, the hero realized how valuable his life, his homeland, and his abandoned family are now. He realized that true patriotism does not come from seeking glory, but from quiet and humble service.

Military patriotism

Military lyrics are close to the Russian soul; they were born so that people could not lose heart in the most difficult times for the Motherland. Therefore, such a popular favorite appears as "Vasily Terkin", hero of the poem of the same name by A.T. Tvardovsky. He is a collective image of a dashing soldier. His jokes and statements are encouraging, but sometimes our main character loses his mental strength. He yearns for “evenings” and “girls”, for simple human joys like the “pouch of tobacco” that he lost somewhere. And most importantly, he is brave, he does not give in even in the face of death itself. This work serves the reader both in wartime and in peacetime, reminding us of simple values and great love for the place we call the fatherland.
Lyrics by Konstantin Simonov makes us completely immersed in the war years, it conveys in simple human language the most terrible details of the war. For example, the work “Do you remember, Alyosha?” is very indicative, where we become eyewitnesses of the war devastation of “villages, villages, villages with graveyards,” prayers and tears of people who lost the most valuable thing in their lives. The poem ends with a loud and proud confession: “I was still happy, for the most bitter one, for the Russian land where I was born.” And we feel this pride together with the lyrical hero.
Another poem Konstantin Simonov - “Kill him!”- speaks of the despair of a loving heart, of its revenge for trampled shrines. It is quite difficult to understand and perceive. In it, the author talks about the fact that if we want to see a peaceful sky above us, if “mother is dear” to us, “if you haven’t forgotten your father,” then we need to kill. Without pity. We need to take revenge for what is happening in our home. “So kill him quickly, the number of times you see him, the number of times you kill him.”

Love for native nature

In Yesenin's lyrics nature and homeland were inseparable, both of these objects in harmony constituted his great love. S. A. Yesenin said: “My lyrics are alive with one great love - love for the Motherland.” In his works, he often confesses his love to her. And he dreams of the “Ryazan sky” in the poem “I have never been so tired.” In it, the author talks about his weariness with life, but hastens to add: “But I still bow to those fields that I once loved.” The poet's love for Russia is a piercing and incomparable song. This is not just a feeling, but his unique philosophy of life.
In a poem by S. Yesenin“Go away, Rus', my dear,” the lyrical hero is offered: “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!” He replies: “No need for paradise, give me my homeland.” These words express all the awe of the Russian person’s attitude towards his homeland, which has never been distinguished by easy living and working conditions. And yet he chooses his lot, does not complain and does not look for someone else's. Also in the poem there are parallel descriptions of domestic nature: “huts in vestments, images”; “I’ll run along the crumpled path, into the green forest.” Yesenin is the most devoted fan of his native land. It is the years spent in the village that he remembers as the happiest and most serene. Rural landscapes, romance, way of life - all this is dearly loved by the author.

Patriotism against all odds

Many lovers of Russian literature know the lines of M. Yu. Lermontov: “ Goodbye, unwashed Russia..." Some even misinterpret them. But, in my opinion, this is just a gesture that almost borders on despair. The indignation that seethed and splashed out with a short and easy “goodbye!” He may be defeated by the system, but he is not broken in spirit. In essence, the author in this work says goodbye not to Russia itself and not to its inhabitants, but to the state structure and order, which are unacceptable for Lermontov. But we feel the pain that the separation causes him. We feel the anger that burns in the heart of a true patriot who worries about his country. This is true love for the homeland, characterized by the desire to change it for the better.

The theme of the motherland in Russian literature

The idea of patriotism is also characteristic of the poetic creativity of our great compatriot M.V. Lomonosov. The Motherland, its vast expanses, its inexhaustible natural resources, its strength and power, its future greatness and glory - this is the main theme of Lomonosov’s odes. It is clarified and supplemented by the theme of the Russian people. Lomonosov glorifies the talent of the great Russian people, the mighty spirit of its troops, and the Russian fleet. He expresses his firm belief that Russian soil is capable of giving birth to its own great scientists, its own “Russian Columbuses,” great cultural figures. This theme is echoed in Lomonosov’s odes by the theme of heroes, great Russian people. He sees such heroes primarily in Ivan IV and Peter I, especially in the latter. In the famous ode “On the Day of Ascension...” the poet glorifies Peter as the creator of a new Russia. Lomonosov glorifies Peter as a fighter against the backwardness in which Russia was before him, glorifies him for creating a powerful army and navy, for supporting science. Deep faith in the Russian people and a firm conviction in their talent resonate with Lomonosov’s words about

what can Platonov's own

And the quick-witted Newtons

Russian land gives birth.

The theme of the Motherland in the works of A. S. Pushkin is closely connected with the problem of freedom of the people. In the poem “Village,” drawing pictures of his native nature that are dear to his heart, the poet angrily writes about the serf owners oppressing the people:

Here the nobility is wild, without feeling, without law.

Appropriated by a violent vine

And labor, and property, and the time of the farmer.

In the friendly message “To Chaadaev” there is a fiery appeal from the poet to the Fatherland to dedicate “the beautiful impulses of the soul.”

The successor of Pushkin's traditions, M. Yu. Lermontov, loved his homeland with great love. He loved its people, its nature, wished happiness to his country. According to Lermontov, to love the Motherland means to fight for its freedom, to hate those who keep their native country in the chains of slavery. Love for the Motherland is the theme of such poems by Lermontov as “Complaints of a Turk”, “Borodin’s Field”, “Borodino”, “Two Giants”. But this theme is revealed with particular force and completeness in the poem “Motherland,” created by the poet a few months before his death. Here Lermontov contrasts his patriotism with official, official patriotism. He declares his blood connection with Russian nature, his native nature, with the Russian people, with the sorrows and joys of his life. Lermontov calls his love for the Motherland “strange,” because he loves the people of his country, nature, but hates the “country of masters,” autocratic serfdom, official Russia. This idea of love-hate will be further developed in the works of Gogol and Nekrasov. The heroes of “The Inspector General” and “Dead Souls” are characters who can only evoke a feeling of hostility, although they are our compatriots. They are not the pride of Russia, its soul, its future. These “dead souls” are contrasted with the image of Rus' as a three-bird. This romantic image expresses both Gogol’s love for the Motherland and his faith in its great future. Gogol is not clear about the ways of further development of the Motherland. He writes: “Rus! Where are you going? Give an answer. Doesn’t give an answer!” But he was convinced of one thing - the future greatness of the Russian people.

Nekrasov’s entire work is permeated with a feeling of fiery love for the Motherland:

Not to the skies of a foreign Fatherland -

I composed songs for the Motherland! —

declared the poet in the poem “Silence”. He loved his homeland with a deep and tender filial love. "Motherland! I humbled myself in soul and returned to you with a loving heart”; "Motherland! I have never traveled across your plains with such a feeling”; “You are poor, you are abundant, you are powerful, you are powerless, Mother Rus'!” - with these words the poet addressed his Motherland. In Nekrasov’s work, the words “love for the Motherland” were constantly combined with the words “anger” and “sadness”:

Who lives without sadness and anger,

He does not love his Fatherland,—

he wrote. Loving his homeland, Nekrasov never tired of hating the system of tsarist Russia and its ruling classes. He loved while hating, and this love-hate expresses the originality of the patriotism of Nekrasov, a faithful son of his Fatherland, a great national poet-fighter.

The scope of the essay does not allow us to continue the review of the work of Russian writers and poets who dedicated their most intimate lines to the Motherland. I would like to write about the coverage of the theme of the Motherland, Russia in the works of L. Tolstoy, Chernyshevsky, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and about the works of Blok, Yesenin, Mayakovsky, A. Tolstoy, Sholokhov, Tvardovsky, who devoted many wonderful lines to this topic. It is a pity that lack of time does not allow this to be done. And I would like to finish the essay with the memorable lines of F.I. Tyutchev about Russia, which surprisingly contain the essence of our beloved country in which we now live:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

The general arshin cannot be measured.

She will become special -

You can only believe in Russia.

In this collection of arguments, we focused our attention on all the most problematic aspects of the “Motherland” semantic block. Many texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam raise relevant problems. All literary examples are available for download in table form, link at the end of the article.

Through everything creativity of Sergei Yesenin The theme of love for the homeland is clearly visible. His poems are dedicated to Russia. The poet himself admitted that without the high feeling he had for his country, he would not have been a poet. In difficult times, Yesenin writes the poem “Rus”, where he shows Russia from the dark side and at the same time he writes: “But I love you, meek homeland! I can’t figure out why.” The poet is sure that the homeland is what is especially important in a person’s life. All these rivers, fields, forests, houses, people - this is our home, our family.
Ody M.V. Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist, inventor and poet, are filled with love for their homeland. The writer always admired the nature of Russia, believed in the minds of the people, and admired the greatness and wisdom of the Russian tsars and emperors. So, in an ode dedicated to the accession to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna, Lomonosov shows and convinces the empress of the strength and power of her people. He lovingly depicts his native expanses and proudly declares: “That the Russian land can give birth to its own Platos and quick-witted Newtons.”

The importance of patriotism

The theme of the Motherland is clearly visible in the work N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The main character is the father of two sons, Ostap and Andriy, with whom he fights for the independence of his country, trying to free himself from the Polish invaders. For him, the homeland is something sacred, something that cannot be encroached upon. When Taras Bulba finds out that his own son has gone over to the enemy side, he kills him. At this moment he takes the life of someone other than his own, he punishes the traitor. Such an act speaks volumes. Taras himself eventually also dies, saving his comrades and sacrificing himself to save his country. If he had not done all this, his people would cease to exist.
A.S. Pushkin, one of the greatest poets of Russia, was always worried about the fate of his homeland. In his work one can notice dissatisfaction with the tsarist tyranny. The poet angrily describes the serfdom. As, for example, in the poem "Village": “Here the lordship is wild, without feeling, without law.” And at the same time, despite all the pain from the thought of unfair treatment of serfs, Pushkin loved his homeland. He describes the beauty of nature with special tenderness and treats his culture with trepidation. In the poem “Forgive me, faithful oak forests!” he literally says that he is ready to leave his heart in his native place.

The importance of the homeland in a person’s life

Soviet prose writer B. N. Polevoy in the work “The Tale of a Real Man” writes about the difficult fate of the Soviet pilot. The main character, Alexey Meresyev, having managed to survive the amputation of both legs, returns to the war to defend his country from the fascist invaders. It would seem that recovering from such a tragic event is almost impossible. However, Meresyev is back in action. Not the least role in this was played by his thoughts and memories of his family, home, and Russia.
Writer N.A. Nekrasov had the deepest feelings for Russia. He believed that the homeland plays an important role in a person's life. Moreover, for the writer, the homeland is the people themselves. This idea can be clearly seen in the epic poem “Who lives well in Rus'”. In his work, Nekrasov describes the country as it was in his time - poor and exhausted. In such a situation, the main characters of the work try to find happiness. Ultimately, they find it in helping others. It lay in the people themselves, in the salvation of their homeland.
In a global sense, the homeland is everything that surrounds us: family, country, people. They are the basis of our existence. The awareness of unity with one’s native country makes a person stronger and happier. In the story by I.A. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" for the main character, her home, her village mean much more than the same for her neighbors. For Matryona Vasilievna, native places are the meaning of existence. Her whole life was spent here, these lands contain memories of the past and loved ones. This is her whole destiny. Therefore, the old woman never complains about poverty and injustice of the authorities, but works honestly and finds the meaning of life in helping everyone in need.
Everyone sees something different in the concept of “homeland”: home, family, past and future, an entire people, an entire country. Speaking about this, one cannot help but recall one of the oldest monuments of Russian literature - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". The author literally in every line refers to the Russian land, to nature, to the inhabitants of our country. He talks about a beautiful region with its fields and rivers, with hills and forests. And about the people living in it. The author of “The Lay...” tells about Igor’s campaign against the Polovtsians in the struggle “for the Russian land.” Crossing the border of Rus', the prince does not forget about his homeland for a minute. And in the end, this memory helps him come back alive.

Life in exile

We always miss being away from our home. No matter for what reasons a person may not be in his own country, no matter how well he lives there, longing still takes hold of his heart. So, in A. Nikitin’s work “Walking across Three Seas” tells about a brave Russian traveler who visited different parts of the world. From the Caucasus to India. The merchant saw many foreign beauties and admired many cultures and customs. However, in this environment, he constantly lived only with memories of his native land and was very homesick for his homeland.
A foreign culture, different customs, a different language over time lead a person abroad to a feeling of nostalgia for his homeland. In story collections N. Teffi “Rus” and “Town” the author recreates the life of emigrants. Our compatriots are forced to live in a foreign land without the opportunity to return back. For them, such an existence is just “life above the abyss.”
While in exile, many Russian writers and poets confessed their love for their homeland. Yes, and I. A. Bunin remembers his native expanses with longing. In the poem " The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole…” the poet writes about his land, about his home, about the place where he was born and raised. These memories fill the work with a sense of nostalgia and help the author return to those happy moments.

Homeland. Fatherland. Native land. Fatherland. Motherland. Motherland. Mother Earth. Native side. All these heartfelt words by no means exhaust the full range of feelings that we put into this concept, sacred to every person. It is difficult to name a writer or poet who would not devote the most sincere lines coming from the heart to the Motherland. This is one of the eternal themes in domestic and world literature. The enormous literary material related to the theme of the Motherland cannot, of course, be included in full in this essay, so I will be able to touch on the work of only some writers and poets. It is impossible not to start with such a greatest monument of ancient Russian literature as “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” All thoughts, all feelings of the author of “The Lay...” are directed to the Russian land as a whole, to the Russian people. He talks about the vast expanses of his Motherland, about its rivers, mountains, steppes, cities, villages. But the Russian land for the author of “The Lay...” is not only Russian nature and Russian cities. These are, first of all, the Russian people. Narrating about Igor's campaign, the author does not forget about the Russian people. Igor undertook a campaign against the Polovtsians “for the Russian land.” His warriors are “Rusichs”, Russian sons. Crossing the border of Rus', they say goodbye to their Motherland, to the Russian land, and the author exclaims: “Oh Russian land! You’re already over the hill.”
The idea of patriotism is also characteristic of the poetic creativity of our great compatriot M.V. Lomonosov. The Motherland, its vast expanses, its inexhaustible natural resources, its strength and power, its future greatness and glory - this is the main theme of Lomonosov’s odes. It is clarified and supplemented by the theme of the Russian people. Lomonosov glorifies the talent of the great Russian people, the mighty spirit of its troops, and the Russian fleet. He expresses his firm belief that Russian soil is capable of producing its own great scientists, its own “Russian Columbuses,” great cultural figures. This theme is echoed in Lomonosov’s odes by the theme of heroes, great Russian people. He sees such heroes primarily in Ivan IV and Peter I, especially in the latter. In the famous ode “On the Day of Ascension...” the poet glorifies Peter as the creator of a new Russia. Lomonosov glorifies Peter as a fighter against the backwardness in which Russia was before him, glorifies him for creating a powerful army and navy, for supporting science. Deep faith in the Russian people and a firm conviction in their talent resonate with Lomonosov’s words about
what can Platonov's own
And the quick-witted Newtons
Russian land gives birth.
The theme of the Motherland in the works of A. S. Pushkin is closely connected with the problem of freedom of the people. In the poem “Village,” drawing pictures of his native nature that are dear to his heart, the poet angrily writes about the serf owners oppressing the people:
Here the nobility is wild, without feeling, without law.
Appropriated by a violent vine
And labor, and property, and the time of the farmer.
In the friendly message “To Chaadaev” there is a fiery appeal from the poet to the Fatherland to dedicate “the beautiful impulses of the soul.”
The successor of Pushkin's traditions, M. Yu. Lermontov, loved his homeland with great love. He loved its people, its nature, wished happiness to his country. According to Lermontov, to love the Motherland means to fight for its freedom, to hate those who keep their homeland in the chains of slavery. Love for the Motherland is the theme of such poems by Lermontov as “Complaints of a Turk”, “Borodin’s Field”, “Borodino”, “Two Giants”. But this theme is revealed with particular force and completeness in the poem “Motherland,” created by the poet a few months before his death. Here Lermontov contrasts his patriotism with official, official patriotism. He declares his blood connection with Russian nature, his native nature, with the Russian people, with the sorrows and joys of his life. Lermontov calls his love for the Motherland “strange,” because he loves the people of his country, nature, but hates the “country of masters,” autocratic serfdom, official Russia. This idea of love-hate will be further developed in the works of Gogol and Nekrasov. The heroes of “The Inspector General” and “Dead Souls” are characters who can only evoke a feeling of hostility, although they are our compatriots. They are not the pride of Russia, its soul, its future. These “dead souls” are contrasted with the image of Rus' as a three-bird. This romantic image expresses both Gogol’s love for the Motherland and his faith in its great future. Gogol is not clear about the ways of further development of the Motherland. He writes: “Rus! Where are you going? Give an answer. Doesn’t give an answer!” But he was convinced of one thing - the future greatness of the Russian people.
Nekrasov’s entire work is permeated with a feeling of fiery love for the Motherland.
Not to the skies of a foreign Fatherland -
I composed songs for the Motherland! -:
declared the poet in the poem “Silence”. He loved his homeland with a deep and tender filial love. "Motherland! I humbled myself in soul and returned to you with a loving heart”; "Motherland! I have never traveled across your plains with such a feeling”; “You are poor, you are abundant, you are powerful, you are powerless, Mother Rus'!” – with these words the poet addressed his Motherland. In Nekrasov’s work, the words “love for the Motherland” were constantly combined with the words “anger” and “sadness”:
Who lives without sadness and anger,
He does not love his Fatherland, -
he wrote. Loving his homeland, Nekrasov never tired of hating the system of tsarist Russia and its ruling classes. He loved while hating, and this love-hate expresses the originality of the patriotism of Nekrasov, a faithful son of his Fatherland, a great national poet-fighter.
The scope of the essay does not allow us to continue the review of the work of Russian writers and poets who dedicated their most intimate lines to the Motherland. I would like to write about the coverage of the theme of the Motherland, Russia in the works of L. Tolstoy, Chernyshevsky, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and about the works of Blok, Yesenin, Mayakovsky, A. Tolstoy, Sholokhov, Tvardovsky, who devoted many wonderful lines to this topic. It is a pity that lack of time does not allow this to be done. And I would like to finish the essay with the memorable lines of F.I. Tyutchev about Russia, which surprisingly contain the essence of our beloved country in which we now live:
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured.
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.

Essay on literature on the topic: The theme of the motherland in Russian literature

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The theme of the motherland in Russian literature