Approximate topics for the final essay 2017-2018 (list). Direction "Man and Society".
What is the conflict between man and society?
Do you agree with Plautus’ statement: “man is a wolf to man”?
What do you think the thought of A. De Saint-Exupery means: “All roads lead to people”?
Can a person exist outside of society?
Can a person change society?
How does society influence a person?
Is society responsible for every person?
How does society influence an individual's opinion?
Do you agree with the statement of G. K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something from all people.
Is it possible to live in society and be free from it?
What is tolerance?
Why is it important to maintain individuality?
Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Staël: “You cannot be confident either in your behavior or in your well-being when we make it dependent on human opinion.”
Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and creates disagreement and hatred among them”?
Does it seem fair to you that strong people are often lonely?
Is Tyutchev’s opinion true that “any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vile egoistic instincts”?
Are social norms of behavior necessary?
What kind of person can be called dangerous to society?
Do you agree with V. Rozanov’s statement: “Society and those around us diminish the soul, not add it. “Adds” only the closest and rarest sympathy, “soul to soul” and “one mind”?
Can any person be called a person?
What happens to a person cut off from society?
Why should society help the disadvantaged?
How do you understand I. Becher’s statement: “A person becomes a person only among people”?
Do you agree with the statement of H. Keller: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people”
In what situations does a person feel lonely in society?
What is the role of personality in history?
How does society influence a person's decisions?
Confirm or refute I. Goethe’s statement: “A person can know himself only in people.”
How do you understand F. Bacon’s statement: “Whoever loves solitude is either a wild beast or the Lord God”?
Is a person responsible to society for his actions?
Is it difficult to defend your interests before society?
How do you understand the words of S.E. Letsa: “Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something”?
Is it necessary to express your opinion if it differs from the majority opinion?
There is safety in numbers?
What is more important: personal interests or the interests of society?
What does society's indifference to people lead to?
Do you agree with the opinion of A. Maurois: “You should not rely on public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but will-o'-the-wisps"?
How do you understand the expression “little man”?
Why does a person strive to be original?
Does society need leaders?
Do you agree with the words of K. Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”?
Can a person devote his life to the interests of society?
Who is a misanthrope?
How do you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: “The frivolous world mercilessly persecutes in reality what it allows in theory”?
What does inequality in society lead to?
Are social norms changing?
Do you agree with the words of K. L. Berne: “A person can do without many things, but not without a person”?
Is a person responsible to society?
Can an individual win a fight against society?
How can a person change history?
Do you think it is important to have your own opinion?
Can a person become an individual in isolation from society?
How do you understand G. Freytag’s statement: “In the soul of every person there is a miniature portrait of his people”?
Is it possible to violate social norms?
What is the place of a person in a totalitarian state?
How do you understand the phrase: “one head is good, but two is better”?
Are there people whose work is invisible to society?
Is it difficult to maintain individuality in a team?
Do you agree with W. Blackstone’s statement: “Man is created for society. He is unable and does not have
courage to live alone"?
Confirm or refute the statement of D. M. Cage: “We need communication more than anything else”
What is equality in society?
Why are public organizations needed?
Is it possible to say that a person’s happiness depends solely on the characteristics of his social life?
Do you agree that society shapes a person?
How does society treat people who are very different from it?
How do you understand the statement of W. James: “Society degrades if it does not receive impulses from individuals”?
How do you understand the phrase “social consciousness”?
What is missing in modern society?
Do you agree with I. Goethe’s statement: “Man cannot live in solitude, he needs society”?
How do you understand T. Dreiser’s statement: “People think about us what we want to inspire them with”?
Do you agree that “there is nothing more dangerous in society than a person without character”?
List of references for preparing for the final essay. "Human and society".
A.P. Chekhov "", "", "", "", "Death of an Official", "The Cherry Orchard"
J. Verne “The Mysterious Island”
S. Collins "The Hunger Games"
W. Thackeray "Vanity Fair"
F.M. Dostoevsky “The Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Poor People”
M. Gorky “At the Depths”, “Former People”
A. Camus “The Outsider”
C.T. Aitmatov “And the day lasts longer than a century”
D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe"
W. Groom "Forrest Gump"
A.N. Tolstoy "Peter the Great"
E. Hemingway “To Have and Have Not”
V. V. Nabokov “Invitation to Execution”
E.I. Zamyatin "We"
A. Platonov “Pit”
B. Pasternak "Doctor"
J. Orwell "1984", "Animal Farm"
R. Bradbury “Fahrenheit 451”, “The Martian Chronicles” N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, “The Overcoat”
A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”, “Olesya”
W. Golding "Lord of the Flies"
G. Marquez “One Hundred Years of Solitude”
G. Hesse “Steppenwolf”
R. Gallego “White on black”
T. Dreiser “Sister Carrie”, "American tragedy"
J. Steinbeck "The Grapes of Wrath"
D. Mitchell "Cloud Atlas"
A. De Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”
O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray”
J. Sallinger "The Catcher in the Rye"
M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
A. Rand "Atlas Shrugged"
E. Fromm “Escape from Freedom”
I.A. Goncharov “Ordinary History”
F. Kafka “The Process”
Ch. Palahniuk “Fight Club”
FIPI comment: "For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual is also capable of influencing society. The topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization." .
So, let's try to figure out from what positions these two concepts can be viewed.
1. Personality and society (in agreement or in opposition). Within this subsection, you can talk about the following topics: Man as part of society. The impossibility of human existence outside of society. Independence of judgment of an individual. The influence of society on a person’s decisions, the influence of public opinion on a person’s tastes, his life position. Confrontation or conflict between society and an individual. A person’s desire to become special, original. Contrasting human interests with the interests of society. The ability to devote one’s life to the interests of society, philanthropy and misanthropy. The influence of the individual on society. The place of a person in society. The attitude of a person to society, to his own kind.
2. Social norms and laws, morality. The responsibility of a person to society and society to a person for everything that happens and the future. A person's decision to accept or reject the laws of the society in which he lives, to follow the norms or to break the laws.
3. Man and society in historical, state terms. The role of personality in history. The connection between time and society. Evolution of society.
4. Man and society in a totalitarian state. Erasing individuality in society. The indifference of society to its future and a bright personality capable of fighting the system. The contrast between the “crowd” and the “individual” in a totalitarian regime. Diseases of society. Alcoholism, drug addiction, lack of tolerance, cruelty and crime.
HUMAN- a term used in two main senses: biological and social. In a biological sense, man is a representative of the species Homo sapiens, the family of hominids, the order of primates, the class of mammals - the highest stage of development of organic life on Earth.
In a social sense a person is a being that arose in a collective, reproduces and develops in a collective. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thinking and language, aesthetic tastes, etc. shape human behavior and mind, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology. A person is an elementary unit of various groups and communities, including ethnic groups, states, etc., where he acts as an individual. “Human rights” recognized in international organizations and in the legislation of states are, first of all, individual rights.
Synonyms for "Man": face, personality, person, individual, individuality, soul, unit, biped, human being, individual, king of nature, someone, working unit.
SOCIETY- in a broad sense - a large group of people united by a common goal with stable social boundaries. The term society can be applied to all of humanity (human society), to the historical stage of development of all of humanity or its individual parts (slave society, feudal society, etc. (see Socio-economic formation), to the inhabitants of the state (American society, Russian society, etc.) and to individual organizations of people (sports society, geographical society, etc.).
Sociological concepts of society differed primarily in their interpretation of the nature of the compatibility of human existence and in their explanation of the principle of the formation of social ties. O. Comte saw such a principle in the division of functions (labor) and in solidarity, E. Durkheim - in cultural artifacts, which he called “collective representations.” M. Weber called mutually oriented, i.e. social, actions of people the unifying principle. Structural functionalism considered social norms and values to be the basis of the social system. K. Marx and F. Engels considered the development of society as a natural historical process of changing socio-economic formations, which are based on a certain method of people’s production activity. Its specificity is determined by production relations independent of people’s consciousness, corresponding to the achieved level of productive forces. On the basis of these objective, material relations, systems of corresponding social and political institutions, ideological relations, and forms of consciousness are built. Thanks to this understanding, each socio-economic formation appears as an integral concrete historical social organism, characterized by its economic and social structure, value-normative system of social regulation, characteristics and spiritual life.
The current stage of development of society is characterized by an increase in integration processes against the background of an increasing diversity of economic, political and ideological forms. Scientific, technical and social progress, having resolved some contradictions, gave rise to others, even more acute ones, and confronted human civilization with global problems, on the solution of which the very existence of society and the paths of its further development depend.
Synonyms for "Society": society, people, community, herd; crowd; public, environment, environment, public, humanity, light, human race, human race, brotherhood, brethren, gang, group.
Loyalty and betrayal."
Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from philosophical, ethical, psychological points of view and referring to life and literary examples.
The concepts of “loyalty” and “betrayal” are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of heroes in situations of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context.
List of literature for the direction “Loyalty and betrayal”
A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Dubrovsky”, “The Station Agent”
M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”, “Fugitive”.
N. V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”, “The Inspector General”
I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”
I. Goncharov “Oblomov”
A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, “Kreutzer Sonata”, “Anna Karenina”
F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “Humiliated and Insulted”
N. M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”
N. S. Leskov “Lefty”
A. P. Chekhov “Lady with a Dog”, “About Love”, “Jumping”
I. A. Bunin “Dark Alleys”, “Russia”, “Caucasus”
M. Gorky “Childhood”
L. Andreev “Judas Iscariot”
M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”
A. I. Solzhenitsyn “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”, “Matryonin’s yard”
A. Platonov “Return”
B. Vasiliev “My horses are flying”
V. Bykov “Sotnikov”, “Wolf Pack”, “Quarry”
V. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”
E. Nosov “White Goose”
V. Nekrasov “In the trenches of Stalingrad”, “Vasya Konakov”
V. Astafiev “Belogrudka”
G. Troepolsky “White Bim Black Ear”
Ch. Aitmatov “A stormy stop or a day lasts longer than a century”
E. Zamyatin “We”
V. Nabokov “Lolita”
L. Ulitskaya “The Case of Kukotsky”, “Daughter of Bukhara”
V. Zheleznikov “Scarecrow”
E. Murashova “Correction Class”
P. Sanaev “Zero Kilometer”
I. Kuramshina “Filial Duty”
W. Shakespeare "Macbeth"
S. Bronte "Jane Eyre"
EM. Remarque "Three Comrades"
A. de Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”
F. S. Fitzgerald "The Great Gatsby"
J. Orwell "1984"
F. Sagan “In a month, in a year”
R.R. Tolkien "The Lord of the Rings"
E.E. Schmitt "Oscar and the Pink Lady"
Khaled Hosseini "The Kite Runner"
A. Gavald “35 kilos of hope”
J. Picoult "Angel for a Sister"
W. Sparks "Memory Note"
Indifference and responsiveness"
Topics in this direction aim students at understanding different types of a person’s attitude towards people and the world (indifference to others, reluctance to waste mental energy on someone else’s life, or a sincere willingness to share his joys and troubles with his neighbor, to provide him with selfless help).
In literature, we meet, on the one hand, heroes with a warm heart, ready to respond to other people’s joys and troubles, and on the other, characters who embody the opposite, egoistic type of personality.
List of literature for the direction “Indifference and Responsiveness”
A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Eugene Onegin”, “The Bronze Horseman”;
N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”
I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”
F. I. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “Idiot”, “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree”
A. N. Ostrovsky “Poverty is not a vice”
V. G. Korolenko “Children of the Dungeon”, “In Bad Society”
N. S. Leskov “Old genius”
A. P. Chekhov “The Cherry Orchard”, “Gooseberry”, “Melancholy”, “In the Pharmacy”
A. I. Kuprin “Wonderful Doctor”
L. N. Andreev “Biter”, stories
M. A. Gorky “The Legend of Danko”
I. A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Lapti”
M. A. Bulgakov “Notes of a Young Doctor”
A. P. Platonov “Yushka”
A. S. Green “Scarlet Sails”
M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”
A. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin’s Dvor”
V. Shukshin “Weirdo”
K. Paustovsky “Telegram”, “Warm Bread”
V. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”, “Lyudochka”
F. Abramov “Pelageya”, “Alka”
V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”, “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”
A. Pristavkin “The golden cloud spent the night”
E. Nosov “Akimych (Doll)”;
A. Aleksin “Signalmen and buglers”, “Meanwhile somewhere”, etc.
D. Likhachev “Return to Mara”
B. Ekimov “Night of Healing”
Y. Yakovlev “Boy with Skates”
V. Zheleznikov “Scarecrow”
L. Ulitskaya “Daughter of Bukhara”
O. Balzac “Père Goriot”
J. Austin "Pride and Prejudice"
F. Kafka “Castle in the Air”
W. Golding "Lord of the Flies"
A. de Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”
R. Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451"
P. Coelho “Veronica Decides to Die”
L. Oliver "Before I Fall"
D. Keyes "Flowers for Algernon"
M. Zuzak “The Book Thief”
T.M. Keneally "Schindler's List"
Goals and means"
The concepts of this direction are interrelated and allow us to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means of achieving it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions.
Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly choose unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal only serves as a cover for true (base) plans. Such characters are contrasted with heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality.
List of literature for the direction “Goals and means”
A. S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”
A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Eugene Onegin”, “The Station Agent”, “Shot”, “Dubrovsky”
N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”
A. N. Ostrovsky “Dowry”, “Poverty is not a vice”
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”
N. S. Leskov “Old genius”
F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”
A. Pogorelsky “Black Chicken, or Underground Inhabitants”
V. M. Garshin “Signal”
A. P. Chekhov “Ionych”, “Gooseberry”
I. A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”
M. Gorky “Song of the Falcon”, “Chelkash”
M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”, “The Master and Margarita”
M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, “Quiet Don”
I. Ilf, E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs”, “Golden Calf”
A. S. Green “Scarlet Sails”
A. I. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago”, “In the First Circle”, “Matryonin’s Dvor”
V. Kaverin “Two Captains”
V. Shukshin “Boots”
V. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”, “Farewell to Matera”
V. Astafiev “Horse with a pink mane”
Yu. German “The Cause You Serve”
S. Ya. Marshak “Twelve months”
V. T. Shalamov “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev”
D. S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” (First letter. Big in small, Third letter. The biggest, Sixth letter. Goal and self-esteem)
R. Sabatini "Captain Blood's Odyssey"
J.-B. Moliere "Tartuffe"
R. Bradbury "Ice and Fire";
O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray”
O. Henry "The Gift of the Magi"
F. Sagan “Hello, sadness”
D. Boyne “The Boy in the Striped Pajamas”
A. Haley "Hotel"
S. King "Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption"
Ch. Palahniuk “Fight Club”
E. Burgess "A Clockwork Orange"
K. Vonnegut "Cat's Cradle"
E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea"
W. Thackeray "Vanity Fair"
Courage and cowardice"
This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human “I”: readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to avoid resolving difficult, sometimes extreme life situations.
The pages of many literary works present both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.
List of literature for the direction “Courage and Cowardice”
A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Dubrovsky”, “Shot”
A. I. Goncharov “Oblomov”
I. S. Turgenev “Mumu”
A.N. Ostrovsky “Poverty is not a vice”
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, “Prisoner of the Caucasus”
F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Village of Stepanchikovo and its Inhabitants”
N. S. Leskov “Old genius”
V. M. Garshin “Coward”
M. Gorky “Song of the Falcon”, “Old Woman Izergil”
A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”
M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, “Quiet Don”
A. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”
B. Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”
V. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”
E. Schwartz “An Ordinary Miracle”
B. Zhitkov “Courage”
B. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”, “And the dawns here are quiet...”
V. T. Shalamov “The Last Battle of Major Pugachev”;
V. Bykov “Sotnikov”, “Crane Cry”, “Obelisk”
V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”
Ch. Aitmatov “The Scaffold”
D. Rubin “Adam and Miriam”
V. Aksyonov “Moscow Saga”
V. Zheleznikov “Scarecrow”
A. Aleksin “Late Child”
E. M. Remarque “All Quiet on the Western Front”, “Three Comrades”, “Life on Borrow”
J. Verne "The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain"
G. Maupassant “Dear Friend”
R.R. Tolkien "The Hobbit"
R. Bradbury "Ice and Fire";
D. Boyne “The Boy in the Striped Pajamas”
J. Rowling "Harry Potter"
R. Riggs "House of Peculiar Children"
Human and society"
For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual can also influence society. Topics will allow you to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.
List of books for the direction “Man and Society”
G.R. Derzhavin “To Rulers and Judges”
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Eugene Onegin”, “The Station Agent”, “Dubrovsky”
M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”, “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”
I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”
I. S. Turgenev “Biryuk”, “Fathers and Sons”
N. A. Nekrasov “Who should we live well in Rus'?”
A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”
N. S. Leskov “Old Genius”, “Lefty”
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, “After the Ball”
F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree”
M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Wild Landowner”
V. G. Korolenko “In a bad society”
A. P. Chekhov “Chameleon”, “Thick and Thin”, “Surgery”, “Melancholy”, “Gooseberry”, “Man in a Case”, “Ionych”
A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”
I. A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Dark Alleys”
M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, “Heart of a Dog”
M. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, “The Fate of Man”
A. S. Green “Scarlet Sails”
V. T. Shalamov “Kolyma stories” (“Children’s pictures”, etc.)
A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s yard”, “One day of Ivan Denisovich”, “Gulag Archipelago”, “In the first circle”
A. P. Platonov “Yushka”
V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”, “Fire”
B. Vasiliev “Don’t shoot white swans”
E. Zamyatin “We”
D. S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful” (Letter seventh. What unites people?)
V. Krapivin “Boy with a Sword”
E. M. Remarque “Shadows in Paradise”
S. Maugham “The Moon and the Penny”
R. Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451", "Ice and Fire"
J. Orwell "1984"
D. Salinger "The Catcher in the Rye"
O. Huxley “Brave New World”
T. Capote "Breakfast at Tiffany's"
K. Kesey "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest"
H. Lee "To Kill a Mockingbird"
D. Keyes "Flowers for Algernon"
P.S. If you look carefully at the lists, you will notice that some books are repeated in each direction, for example, A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”, L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, F. I. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, M Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, “French Lessons”.
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The play shows a society in which Domostroevsky laws, built on the old orders and deception, have taken root. Such relationships have become obsolete in society: a person who finds himself in this environment cannot fully show his high feelings. All the good that is in a person has almost no meaning here. In the city of Kalinov, the old order flourishes. Progress doesn't get there. And if it does, it is not recognized, it is not accepted due to its limitations. In the society depicted in the play "The Thunderstorm", it is impossible for highly moral and progressive people to live.
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
The ideology of nihilism, which Evgeny Bazarov adheres to, is alien to society. The “fathers” do not understand how one can deny something that has already become a way of life for an entire generation. Among the younger generation there is interest in the ideology of nihilism, but it is caused only by the desire of “children” to appear fashionable, keeping up with the times. As a result, Evgeny Bazarov finds himself alone in his beliefs. The views of society are alien to him, and the views of the hero are alien to society. Even Arkady Kirsanov, who called himself a nihilist, eventually abandons this ideology. He decides to live a family life typical of the “fathers” generation.
Ray Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451"
Society has lost books. Along with books, people’s ability to think, relate events, and criticize disappeared. Everyone became similar to each other. A person is like a robot, living according to a pre-written script. This means that it has become easy to manage. A person, virtually devoid of feelings and emotions, does not notice the obvious. This is why the state is fighting against books, because books are a huge store of knowledge that provides answers to all questions. A person who reads books with understanding is able to doubt the justice and necessity of what is happening.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
The famous epic novel depicts 19th century society. The French language dominates: Pierre's name is actually Peter, Hélène's is Helena. In the company of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, people do not behave truly. They agree with everything, recognizing the dominant point of view as true. They simply do not have their own view of the world. They talk about what is fashionable. And in the most favorable light. Moral heroes such as Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky are disgusted by this society.
A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard"
They remembered Matryona only when her help was needed. She was not remembered during her lifetime, and was not visited during her illness (except for one person). But when it was necessary to help the collective farm, they called Matryona, and she did not refuse. Matryona was remembered after her death, when it came to inheritance. Everyone cried at the grave. People did not cry sincerely; they “competed” in depicting the greatest suffering for the deceased, although they did not remember her during her lifetime. That was how society was.
M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
Arriving in Moscow, Woland decided to see whether Moscow society had changed over the past hundred years. In the work it is shown in a satirical image. Woland punishes people who want to easily get money or clothes: the money turned into ordinary pieces of paper, and the clothes disappeared completely (naked people walked along the street). Woland concluded: society has not changed - people have always loved money.
I. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco"
European civilization is not distinguished by high morality. In society, only money is valued. A couple works on a ship, “playing” love for money. The gentleman from San Francisco is treated well during his lifetime only because he can pay good money. After death, no one needs him anymore. Society has become “lost” and has lost its way, replacing true values with a thirst for money.
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Final essay Man and Society
FIPI official comment: For topics in this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the individual, but the individual can also influence society. Topics will allow you to consider the problem of the individual and society from different sides: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.
Vocabulary work: Man is a living being, unlike an animal, possessing the gift of speech and thought and the ability to create and use tools in the process of social labor, the owner of the best moral and intellectual properties. Society is a set of certain production relations that forms a special stage of development in the history of mankind. An organization, a union of people who set themselves some common goals.
Synonyms: Personality, individual, being. Union, community, community, partnership, circle, environment.
Aphorisms and sayings of famous people “Man is created for society. He is unable and does not have the courage to live alone" W. Blackstone "We are born to unite with our brothers - people and with the entire human race" Cicero "Nature creates man, but develops and forms his society" V. G. Belinsky
“Society is a capricious creature, disposed towards those who indulge its whims, and not at all towards those who contribute to its development” V.G. Krotov “To do great things, you don’t need to be the greatest genius; You don’t need to be above people, you need to be with them.” C. Montesquieu “A man without people is like a body without a soul. You will never die with the people. ...The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people” H. Keller
“You shouldn’t rely on public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but will-o'-the-wisp" A. Maurois "Every person is the center of the world, but it is each one, and the world is only valuable because it is full of such centers" E. Canetti "To be human means not only to have knowledge, but also to do for future generations what those who came before did for us" G. Lichtenberg "All roads lead to people" A. de Saint-Exupery
Methodological recommendations: The emergence of man and the emergence of society is a single process. No man, no society. If there is no society, there is no person. In the social sense, a person is a being that arose in a collective, reproduces and develops in a collective. Historically established norms of law, morality, everyday life, rules of thinking and language, aesthetic tastes shape personality, make an individual a representative of a certain way of life, culture and psychology.
What do we call society? In a narrow sense, society is a collection of people who realize that they have permanent common interests that can best be satisfied only by their own actions. In a broad sense, society is part of the world. It includes not only all living people. Society is characterized by continuous development, which means it has a present, past and future. Generations of people who lived in the distant and very recent past did not leave without a trace. From them people living today received language, science, art, and practical skills. If it were not so, then each generation would be forced to begin with the invention of the stone axe.
So, society is all of humanity in its history, present and future. Uniting people into a society does not depend on someone's desire. Entry into human society does not occur by declaration: every person born is naturally included in the life of society. How does society influence a person? Can one person change society? Can a person remain civilized outside of society? These questions are answered by literature, the subject of which is man and personality in the unity of their worldview and understanding of the world.
A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” The image of Chatsky - a new, smart, developed person - is contrasted with Famus society. All of Famusov’s guests are dumbfounded with delight at the sight of any visiting Frenchman from Bordeaux, copying the customs and outfits of foreign milliners and rootless visiting crooks who made a living on Russian bread. Through the lips of Chatsky, Griboyedov with the greatest passion exposed this unworthy servility to others and contempt for one’s own. The distinctive feature of Chatsky as a strong person in comparison with the prim Famus society is the fullness of feelings. In everything he shows true passion, he is always ardent in soul. He is hot, witty, eloquent, full of life, impatient. At the same time, Chatsky is the only open positive hero in Griboyedov’s comedy.
M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” The soul and character of a person are formed in a constant struggle: on the one hand, according to the aspirations of his will, on the other, by society and the era. Exploring the psychology of the hero, the author presents Pechorin as a hero of his time. He strives by any means to remove the masks from those around him, to see their true faces, to understand what each of them is capable of. “A Hero of Our Time” is a novel about the self-realization of an individual, his responsibility to people and his own self. Pechorin is filled with rebellious rejection of the foundations of the existing society, therefore his attempts to get closer to people, to find some kind of harmonious balance in relations with them are fruitless.
L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” St. Petersburg high society is a special world with its own laws, customs, morals, the intellectual center of the country, oriented towards Europe. But the first thing that catches your eye when describing relationships in this society is unnaturalness. All representatives of high society are accustomed to playing roles, and there is no person behind the actor’s mask, there is only emptiness and indifference. The image of society serves not only as a force that shapes views, opinions, principles of thinking and ideals of behavior, but also as a background for the expression of outstanding personalities, thanks to whose high moral qualities and heroism the Patriotic War of 1812 was won, which largely affected their future fate states.
M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil” In “Old Woman Izergil” the image of the young man Larra is contrasted with the image of Danko. Gorky emphasizes: freedom alone is not freedom. Freedom has value only when it is connected with society, with people. Man is a social being. A person must do everything to live in peace and harmony with others. The young man Danko is the absolute opposite of Larra. For the sake of the freedom of his people, he makes a great sacrifice - he gives his life for the good of his native tribe. Danko did not expect gratitude for his sacrifice. He existed for the sake of people, for their benefit. Danko did not remember about himself and was constantly worried about others. This hero is Gorky’s romantic ideal.
M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don” M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” A.I. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” Ray Bradbury “Fahrenheit 451”
Sample topics: How does the conflict between a person and society manifest itself? Do you agree with Plautus’ statement: “man is a wolf to man”? What do you think the thought of A. De Saint-Exupery means: “All roads lead to people”? Can a person exist outside of society? Can a person change society? How does society influence a person? Is society responsible for every person? How does society influence an individual's opinion? Do you agree with the statement of G. K. Lichtenberg: “In every person there is something from all people. Is it possible to live in society and be free from it? What is tolerance? Why is it important to maintain individuality? Confirm or refute the statement of A. de Stael: “You cannot be sure of either your behavior or your well-being when we make it dependent on people’s opinions.” Do you agree with the statement: “Inequality humiliates people and creates disagreement and hatred between them "?
Does it seem fair to you that strong people are often lonely? Is Tyutchev’s opinion true that “any weakening of mental life in society inevitably entails an increase in material inclinations and vile egoistic instincts”? Are social norms of behavior necessary? What kind of person can be called dangerous to society? Do you agree with V. Rozanov’s statement: “Society and those around us diminish the soul, not add it. “Adds” only the closest and rarest sympathy, “soul to soul” and “one mind”? Can any person be called a person? What happens to a person cut off from society? Why should society help the disadvantaged? How do you understand I. Becher’s statement: “A person becomes a person only among people”? Do you agree with the statement of H. Keller: “The most beautiful life is a life lived for other people” In what situations does a person feel lonely in society? What is the role of personality in history? How does society influence a person's decisions? Confirm or refute I. Goethe’s statement: “A person can know himself only in people.” How do you understand F. Bacon’s statement: “Whoever loves solitude is either a wild beast or the Lord God”?
Is a person responsible to society for his actions? Is it difficult to defend your interests before society? How do you understand the words of S.E. Letsa: “Zero is nothing, but two zeros already mean something”? Is it necessary to express your opinion if it differs from the majority opinion? There is safety in numbers? What is more important: personal interests or the interests of society? What does society's indifference to people lead to? Do you agree with the opinion of A. Maurois: “You should not rely on public opinion. This is not a lighthouse, but will-o'-the-wisps"? How do you understand the expression “little man”? Why does a person strive to be original? Does society need leaders? Do you agree with the words of K. Marx: “If you want to influence other people, then you must be a person who really stimulates and moves other people forward”? Can a person devote his life to the interests of society? Who is a misanthrope? How do you understand the statement of A.S. Pushkin: “The frivolous world mercilessly persecutes in reality what it allows in theory”? What does inequality in society lead to?