Humanity is still faced with the question of how it arose. biological life. It is assumed that it emerged from inanimate matter and is still in close interaction with it. At the same time, organic matter is part of nature.
The history of the emergence of man is connected with space. Humans and aliens live in outer space. But the composition chemical elements The human body differs in many ways from those components from which the first stars were produced.
The human body and many organic matter mainly consists of oxygen, carbon, magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The composition of the stars is completely different. They contain elements that are heavier than helium. The reason for their appearance is considered to be thermonuclear transformations, and during Supernova explosions elements with a weight higher than that of iron are formed.
The impact of space on the emergence of man began with the second generation of stars. The sun belongs specifically to this generation. Man and organic compounds- products of the cosmos, resulting from the interaction of various chemical elements, and then falling onto fertile soil in the form of our planet.
Man evolved from apes with the participation of the cosmos. The Supernova explosion led to mutations. The energy flows emanating from it somehow affected the monkey’s brain and it began to develop more actively.
Space influenced man throughout its development. Great importance it also had for the Earth's ecosystem. So drop big space object led to the extinction of dinosaurs. Ice Ages on the planet, it is assumed, depend on the fact that our galaxy falls into a dust cloud. It has been suggested that we have long been and are still being watched by more advanced cosmic beings - aliens. The fact of their existence has not yet been confirmed, but the testimony of many eyewitnesses cannot be discounted.
The Sun also has a huge influence on humanity. Solar wind and flares lead to the appearance of northern lights and magnetic storms. We should not forget about the parade of planets, the consequence of which is the gravitational impact on humanity.
Space close, but so huge and unknown that it is still not clear whether we are alone in it or not. It's all about him large sizes- right up to nearby star a distance of more than 4.5 light years. Our galaxy is just a grain of sand in it. And there are billions, if not trillions, of similar galaxies. This suggests that the likelihood that there are systems similar to ours is very high. This means that there must be other forms of life besides those on our planet.
Technological progress brings with it many dangers to life modern man. One of the most serious is the danger of exposure radioactive substances and radiation. Tests nuclear weapons, construction of nuclear nuclear power plants, usage nuclear reactors V various areas activities significantly increase the risk of receiving additional (and sometimes, unfortunately, fatal) doses of radiation by people who are in direct or indirect contact with radionuclides. Such concepts as radioactive fallout and radioactive waste have entered our lives. Radioactive fallout is radioactive aerosols deposited from the atmosphere onto the earth's surface. The bulk of them are radionuclides formed as a result of nuclear explosions and emissions from nuclear industry enterprises, thermal power plants and due to decay products of natural radionuclides. Radioactive waste- solutions, products, materials, substances and biological objects, contaminated with radionuclides in quantities exceeding established sanitary standards, and are not subject to further use. Such waste is generated during the operation and especially repair of nuclear power reactors at nuclear power plants, vessels and ships, research reactors, when using radioisotope sources and preparations in technology, science and medicine.
A person is a complex integral system, which in turn is a component of more complex systems - biological and social. The patterns of physiological processes directly affect social life and vice versa.
In our age of stress overload and serious environmental disturbances, health acts as a leading factor that determines not only harmonious development person, but also the success of his mastery of the profession, the effectiveness of professional activity.
There are a large number of factors that reduce the level of human health: past illnesses, addiction to alcohol and smoking, chronic influence of unfavorable living and working conditions, poor nutrition (both its insufficiency and abundance and high calorie content), disordered work and rest, sleep, frequent emotional stress, air, water and food pollution, abuse of medications and household chemicals.
But not only the social environment influences human body and for the person as a whole. The influence of the environment on the body is usually assessed through individual environmental factors.
Most often, factors are divided into three groups.
1. Factors of inanimate nature (abiological, or physicochemical). These include climatic, atmospheric, soil (edaphic), geomorphological (orographic), hydrological and others.
2. Factors of living nature (biological) - the influence of some organisms or their communities on others. These influences can be from plants (phytogenic), animals (zoogenic), microorganisms, fungi, etc.
3. Factors of human activity (anthropogenic). Among them, a distinction is made between direct impact on the habitat (for example, fishing) and indirect impact on the habitat (for example, environmental pollution, destruction of feeding grounds, construction of dams on rivers, etc.).
It is interesting to classify factors according to the frequency and direction of action, and the degree of adaptation of organisms to them. In this regard, factors are distinguished that act strictly periodically (changes in the time of day, seasons of the year, tidal phenomena, etc.), those that act without strict periodicity, but are repeated from time to time. This includes weather conditions, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, etc.
Here the question of bioethics immediately arises.
Bioethics is understood as the application of concepts and norms of universal morality, in which the problems of good and evil, conscience, duty, honor, etc. are understood, to the field of experimental and theoretical activity in biology, as well as in the practical application of its results.
Basic principles of biological ethics:
The principle of unity and ethics, their deep correspondence and interdependence. If life is the highest manifestation of orderliness and organization in the natural world, then ethics is the highest expression of the forces opposing chaos in society. Given this deep relationship between the phenomenon of life and ethics, ethical standards should be constantly taken into account both in science and in practice.
Recognition of life as highest category Among all ethical values, the principle of “benevolence before life.”
The principle of harmonization of the “man - biosphere” system, which puts forward as the most pressing task of our time the establishment of optimal relationships between man and nature, requiring scientists and practitioners to increasingly take into account biological principles social existence, a persistent search for ways to transform the biosphere into the noosphere and prevent the possibility of its destruction.
Man, human mind and society are the pinnacle natural development earth and its biosphere. If we take the development of the biosphere, then in this case the history of mankind will take only very small segment time. The biosphere represents an alternation of a number of stages of evolution, each of which revealed increasingly complex forms of development. There were different periods in the history of the earth:
1) a period of purely geological evolution, when there was no life on Earth;
2) the period of geological and biological evolution, at the last stage of which the formation of anthroposociogenesis occurs;
3) period of spiritual evolution, sphere of reason. It's high quality new era in the evolution of the Earth. It is characterized by a transition from the biosphere to the noosphere - the sphere of interaction between nature and society, within which intelligent human activity becomes the determining factor in evolution.
Man and spaceOne of the fundamental properties of living nature is the cyclical nature of most processes occurring in it. There is a connection between the movement of celestial bodies and living organisms on Earth.
Living organisms not only capture the light and heat of the sun and moon, but also have various mechanisms that accurately determine the position of the Sun, respond to the rhythm of the tides, the phases of the moon and the movement of our planet. They grow and reproduce in a rhythm that is timed to the length of the day, the change of season, the length of the lunar month, the solar day, etc. Which in turn are caused by the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the rotation of the sun around itself, the movement of the Earth around the sun, the revolution of the moon, the rotation of the Earth-moon system around the sun, the cyclical activity of the sun, the revolution of the solar system in the galaxy, etc. Phase coincidence life cycle organisms with periodic phenomena in nature, to the conditions to which they are adapted, have crucial for existence individual organism, species and the biosphere as a whole. In the process of historical development, cyclical phenomena occurring in nature were perceived and assimilated by living matter, and organisms developed the ability to periodically change their physiological state. We can say that every level of organization of living matter lives with its own rhythms, different periods, of varying duration, but always cyclically.
A uniform alternation in time of any state of the body is called a biological rhythm. There are external (exogenous) having geographical nature and the following cyclical changes in external environment, and internal (endogenous), or physiological, rhythms of the body.
There are a number of biosphere rhythms from several months, determined seasonal change illumination, up to tens of millions of years associated with the reaction of the biosphere to cyclic tectonic influences with a period of about 180 million years. It can be argued that these rhythms are the fluctuations through which order is achieved - homeostasis of the biosphere. This is her way of self-regulation. Their mechanism is provided by solar energy and the circulation of matter between the subsystems of the biosphere, the lithosphere and their elements. Hence the many problems associated with the study of biosphere rhythms of various orders and the mechanisms that support them: energy and matter cycles. First of all, these are questions about the balance of matter participating in the cycles and at the input and output of the system, about the leading circulations of matter for biosphere rhythms of different durations and their spatial manifestation. Their solution will make it possible to determine in which phase of biosphere rhythms of different orders from tens and thousands of years (1850 years) to several million years the modern biosphere, i.e. answer the question which way is it going? natural process, which determines the homeostasis of the biosphere.
Our Earth has been suitable for life for about 4 billion years, which indicates, first of all, small changes in the temperature of its surface. During this long period of time, there was no significant overheating or hypothermia of the planet, therefore, the arrival of cosmic energy was equal to its consumption. But this total balance for 4 billion years. In certain periods, it was unlikely to be observed, since, undoubtedly, in eras of intense development of magmatism and mountain building, heat loss into space is higher than in relatively calm ones. As is known, mountain building processes, acting constantly, periodically intensify and weaken. Against the background of the gigantic rhythm of the megabiosphere with periods of about 900 and 450 million years, there are a large number of smaller periods of intensification and weakening of tectonic movements. Up to several years established for earthquakes and volcanism. Part of the cosmic (solar) energy is accumulated by the biosphere and, with the products of its activity - sedimentary deposits - enters the lithosphere, where it is converted into heat and returns to the biosphere and outer space with the heat flow from the depths. However, a certain amount of energy accumulates in the lithosphere and is then realized through tectonic movements - mountain building, magmatism and volcanism.
The biosphere and tectonosphere serve as elements of the Earth system, and it, in turn, is solar system, which is part of an even larger system - the Galaxy. Therefore, there is no doubt that the Solar system, together with the Earth, obeys galactic laws - the laws of the higher order system that includes them. The whole question is that we still know little about the behavior of the Solar system and our planet on their way around the central masses of the Galaxy, as a result of which we can only assume that the main mechanism for transmitting the galactic rhythm (176, 88 and 22 million years) to the Earth are disturbances movements of the Solar system (acceleration and deceleration of movement in orbit, deviations from the Galactic plane, etc.), leading to periodic changes angular speed of rotation of the planets.
Sharp displacements of the Earth's body relative to the axis of rotation during the transition of the poles from one wandering region to another occur near perigalacties and are accompanied by intensification tectonic processes with corresponding decreases in sea level. Due to the fact that they have a reciprocating nature, the poles describe peculiar loops, but with huge galactic periods. Loop-shaped geoid displacements in wandering areas with a period close to the duration of the galactic year (176 million years) create waves of tectonic movements sliding from west to east in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, which are in antiphases (displaced by 180°). Passing through different combinations of continental and oceanic crust, they cause fluctuations in the level of the World Ocean. These fluctuations are a powerful climate-forming factor.
Therefore, large fluctuations in the planet’s climate have the same galactic periodicity as tectonic movements and transgressions, but they are superimposed by changes associated with the response of the biosphere to external influences.
The biosphere, disrupting their cyclic (galactic) pattern, responds to cyclical fluctuations in climate, the supply of nutrients, and the size of water areas caused by tectonic movements as a self-organizing system with naturally repeating fluctuations in its properties - biosphere rhythms. The latter differ significantly from each other. Therefore, despite the fact that biosphere rhythms have shorter periods than the tectonic processes that excite them, their behavior reveals a periodicity close to the galactic one.
Video: Medics are preparing for a human flight to Mars.
People gained the greatest amount of knowledge about the Universe and its influence on the Earth in the 20th century, when they began to use the most modern methods space exploration. But still, the impact of space on Earth has so far been poorly studied. Like any other cosmic body, The Earth moves and develops according to the uniform laws of the Universe. More information has been obtained about the influence of near space - the solar system - on the Earth.
Firstly, The Sun attracts the Earth and thus regulates its movement. The gravity of its satellite, the Moon, also influences the Earth.
Secondly, The Earth receives heat and light from the Sun. Without them, life on Earth would be impossible.
Third, The Sun emits streams of particles ( sunny wind), which generate magnetic storms on Earth. They affect all living organisms, including the well-being of people, as well as the operation of many devices.
Fourth, The Earth constantly collides with celestial bodies different sizes. Small ones burn in earth's atmosphere, and the dust formed from their destruction settles on the earth’s surface.
Rice. 13. Meteor Crater on the surface of the Earth
The Earth and life on it must be protected from the fall of asteroids and comets. The fall of any celestial body with a diameter of more than 2 km can cause a catastrophe on a planetary scale. Small celestial bodies, which pose a danger to the Earth, can either be destroyed using rockets, or their orbit can be changed with special engines.
Every year, several hundred tons of cosmic matter fall onto the Earth, of which 99% is tiny particles. But during its existence, the Earth, like other planets, has repeatedly encountered large bodies who reached earth's surface in the form of meteorites, leaving giant craters on it. Winds and rains destroyed most of the craters. But some of them are well preserved to this day (Fig. 13).
About the impact on the Earth deep space less is known. Scientists have found that the entire Universe is literally permeated various kinds cosmic rays. But the nature of their influence on Earth has not yet been revealed.
Humanity has long been concerned with the question: is there life on other planets? According to scientists, for every million stars there is at least one planet on which life is possible. This means that there are about 150,000 such planets in our Galaxy alone. Trying to discover habitable planets, people send cosmic radio signals into the Universe (Fig. 14) and try to catch the signals coming from space.
Rice. 14. Message to space. This encrypted radio message was sent in 1974 to the constellation Hercules and will reach its destination 26,000 years later
Imagine that you are an alien who received this signal. Try to decipher it.
Questions and tasks
- What do you know about the fall large meteorites to the ground?
- What effect does the Sun have on planet Earth?
- Give examples of the role of the Sun in life and economic activity of people.
Currently, the problem of studying the influence of space, as a living mind, on humans has become integral part philosophy, both science and human life.
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in beginning of XXI century, the problem of man and the cosmos, and the connection with it, does not cease to be the central problem of philosophy. Experiencing a crisis, space flights, exploration of other planets and stars, humanity is reconsidering the usual guidelines for its existence.
If earlier, humanity believed that the sun, stars, and moon were incomprehensible to humans, that we would never see them up close, but today we are already trying to find out whether the cosmos behaves like a living mind in relation to us. Therefore, the problem of space exploration comes to the fore; the problem of the relationship between everything that exists and the cosmos.
People noticed the influence of space on processes occurring on earth back in ancient times. This is how the ancient Egyptians used the moon to determine when the Nile tide was high and low. However, the connection between space and man was conceptualized more as scientific hypotheses, or completely went beyond the scope of science. In the 20th century, knowledge about the influence of space on Earth has expanded significantly. This is the merit of Russian scientists, first of all, representatives of Russian cosmism - A. L. Chizhevsky, K. E. Tsiolkovsky and others.
The first who managed to understand and comprehend the scale of the influence of space on people’s lives was A.L. Chizhevsky.
The meaning of Chizhevsky’s research, based on rich factual material, was to prove the existence of cosmic rhythms and the dependence of biological and public life on Earth from the pulse of space. Chizhevsky argued that space affects not only biological, but also social conflicts. All this is determined by the behavior and activity of our sun. According to his calculations, during the minimum solar activity there is a minimum of social and biological manifestations. During the peak of activity, their number reaches more than half.
K. E. Tsiolkovsky spoke about Chizhevsky’s work: “The young scientist is trying to discover functional dependence between the behavior of mankind and fluctuations in the activity of the Sun and, through calculations, determine the rhythm, cycles and periods of these changes and fluctuations, thus creating new area human knowledge". This work is an example of a merger various sciences together on the monistic basis of physical and mathematical analysis.
Also quite interesting were the cosmic ideas of the first Russian cosmist N.F. Fedorov. For example, he said that the settlement of people on other planets, due to large cluster, will become a necessary reality. space Chizhevsky life earth
N. F. Fedorov’s ideas about the settlement of people throughout space were supported by K. E. Tsiolkovsky. He also owns a number of original philosophical ideas. Life, according to Tsiolkovsky, is eternal: “After each death, the same thing happens - dispersion. We have always lived and will always live, but every time new form and, of course, without memory of the past<…>A piece of matter is subject to an innumerable series of lives, although separated by enormous periods of time...”
Tsiolkovsky believed that life and intelligence on earth are not the only ones in the universe. In his philosophical ethics he was rationalistic and consistent, raising the idea to the absolute. continuous improvement matter. Based on the comparative youth of the earth, he said that on other, older planets life is much more perfect and influences other lives, including earthly life. A similar theory was expressed by V.I. Vernadsky, studying the processes of development of the biosphere, speaking out about the influence of space.
Following the teachings of Chizhevsky about the influence of the sun on biological and social conflicts, one can argue about the significant influence of space, the sun, and the moon on the existence of mankind. People increasingly believe that space directly affects us and our lives. Recently, in Khakassia immediately in different points Many fields lit up at the same time. The fire claimed the lives of many people, not to mention their homes and crops. According to TESIS, on April 13, 2015, class M flares (Medium flares) were recorded on the sun, and on the same day large fires broke out in Khakassia. Taking into account Chizhevsky's research, we can say that due to solar flares Fields caught fire in Khakassia. That is, his research is reliable, because this is not the only fact that cataclysms occur when flares occur on the sun.
Taking into account all of the above, I would like to note that people have yet to learn all the secrets of space, its influence on human existence with the help of the sun, solar flares, the moon, solar eclipse, stars, effects on mental and psychological level. People should reconsider their views in relation to space, treating it not as an object, but as a living organism that has a special influence on us. To do this, it is worth changing the approach to research and its study, not as a silent vacuum, but to look at it as an object that has its own will, spirit, mind and mind.
1. Lytkin V.V. Natural scientific foundations for the formation of “cosmic philosophy” by K.E. Tsiolkovsky / V.V. Lytkin // World of science, culture, education. 2012. No. 2.
2. Chizhevsky A.L. Cosmic pulse of life. - M.: Mysl, 1995
3. Concepts of modern natural science / Ed. V.N. Lavrinenko. M.: "Culture and Sport", 1997. p.193
4. Concepts of modern natural science / Ed. V.N. Lavrinenko M.: "Culture and Sports", 1997. p.192
©Krylyvets K.A., 2015
The influence of space on human life has not yet been precisely studied. When did life originate on Earth? Where did living things come from? Scientists cannot give clear answers to these questions.
A little history
There are suggestions that life emerged from inanimate matter and still closely interacts with it. And herself inanimate matter is part of nature, which is why people are often associated with space. So what impact does space have on people's lives?
We live in outer space. But we differ from the chemical elements of stars. Human bodies filled with oxygen, carbon, magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus, which cannot be said about the composition of stars. They are mainly composed of heavy helium. But people always raised their gaze to the sky and looked for answers to their questions in it. And currently, many scientists are studying the influence of space on the Earth and people’s lives.
The impact of space on human health
Space can have an ambiguous effect on our health: both positively and negatively. Everything that represents space system, has a huge impact on the fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field. And this, in turn, leads to physical and emotional fluctuations in people. For example, those who are susceptible to diseases of the heart and blood vessels suffer from changes magnetic field strongest. Their blood pressure rises, their metabolism slows down, the functioning of the circulatory system slows down, which leads to a general deterioration in well-being. This expresses the influence of space on human life.
It is generally accepted that the entire biorhythm of humanity initially depended on fluctuations in the planet’s magnetic field, and this contributed to the maintenance of harmony. Later, unfortunately, people themselves upset the balance with their barbaric activities, which led to disruptions and anomalies. Humanity has polluted environment, exhausted Natural resources, creating a sharp contradiction between itself and the magnetic field.
The influence of space on human life has never ceased. Many people still feed their strength with cosmic energy, thus restoring their health. These are the followers healthy image life, eating plant foods.
The Earth's faithful satellite - the Moon
The influence of space on human life is often expressed in lunar influence. After all, the named planet represents the nearest space. At all times they study it, draw conclusions, strive to understand it. It is she who is credited mystical influence on the human body. Created lunar calendars, determining the time of planting and growth of plants, the opportunity to get a haircut, conceive and give birth to a baby, and other important events.
There are four phases of the moon:
- In the first, there is a surge of strength, at this time it is better to play sports and you want to live life to the fullest.
- In the second, it is preferable to cleanse the body. By the way, the full moon is most suitable for conceiving a new life.
- The third and fourth phases nullify all human activity and force him to look at the world passively. At this time, it is best to rest and not start important things.
If you study well the influence of space on a person, you can avoid many problems and live with comfort and pleasure.