How is laser used in medicine? Lasers and their use in medicine

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the female reproductive organ is removed. This operation is very common in gynecology. The uterus is removed in cases where all other treatment methods have been ineffective. Sometimes the uterus is removed along with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The postoperative period is an important stage in a woman’s treatment, which may be accompanied by the development of complications, so it requires a professional approach.

Surgery to remove the uterus is quite common which is carried out for very serious illnesses that threaten a woman’s health. According to statistics, about a third of all women who have reached the age of 40 are forced to resort to such a procedure.

Trauma occurs with any surgical procedure. varying degrees severity that is associated with damage to tissues and blood vessels. After a hysterectomy, damage also remains, and it takes time for the tissue to fully recover. The duration of postoperative rehabilitation depends on the severity of the disease, the type of surgery and postoperative complications.

More often removal of the uterus is indicated in the following cases X:

Depending on the severity of the disease carry out the following types operations:

removal of the uterus only;
removal of the uterus and cervix (total extirpation);
removal of the uterus with appendages and lymph nodes located nearby (radical panhysterectomy).

How severe the trauma will be depends not only on the type of operation, but also on the method of its implementation. The most radical is the abdominal technology, in which the walls of the peritoneum are cut, and another method is the vaginal method with an incision in the vagina. The least traumatic method is to remove the uterus using the laparoscopic method. In this case, a special laparoscope is used, which makes a very small incision. After laparoscopic surgery, complications are not so dangerous.

How long do you stay in hospital after a hysterectomy? It depends on the type of operation. After laparoscopy, the patient can be discharged The next day. If abdominal surgery was performed, the patient can go home after 2 to 3 days.

Principles of rehabilitation

Recovery after surgery is divided into early and late stages. The early stage is carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of a doctor. Its duration depends on the consequences that occurred after surgery. The early stage of recovery after abdominal surgery usually lasts 9–12 days, after which the doctor removes the stitches and the patient is discharged. After laparoscopy, early rehabilitation is reduced to 3.5 – 4 days.

Main tasks early stage of rehabilitation are:

relief from pain syndrome;
elimination of bleeding;
prevention of dysfunction of internal organs;
avoiding infection of the affected area.

The late stage of rehabilitation is carried out at home. If complications do not develop after the operation, then recovery takes 28–32 days, and in case of complications it is extended to 42–46 days. This stage is characterized by complete restoration of tissues, strengthening of the immune system, improvement of general condition, normalization of the psychological state, and complete restoration of performance.

What measures are taken immediately after surgery?

On the first day after surgery doctors take measures to eliminate painful symptoms, prevent complications and inflammatory processes from developing, eliminate blood loss from internal bleeding and prevent infection. This period is very important early stage rehabilitation.

Key activities include specific activities.

Anesthesia. After the operation, the woman experiences natural pain in the inside and lower abdomen. To relieve pain, potent drugs are prescribed medicines.

Activation of organ functions. In this case, measures are taken to normalize blood circulation and stimulate the intestines. If such a need arises, then Proserpine is administered by injection to activate intestinal functions.

Diet. After surgery to remove the uterus and appendages, it is very important that normal intestinal motility is restored. The menu should consist of broths, drinks, pureed foods. If spontaneous defecation occurs at the end of the first day, it means that the event was carried out correctly.

Immediately after the operation the following drug therapy:

antibiotics to prevent infection;
anticoagulants to prevent the formation of blood clots in blood vessels;
infusion effect carried out using intravenous droppers to restore blood volume and normalize blood circulation.

Complications during early rehabilitation

The first stage of rehabilitation may be accompanied by the following complications after hysterectomy:

How to recover after surgery? It is very important to prevent infection in the first 1–3 days. If this happens, the temperature rises to 38.5 degrees. To eliminate the risk of infection, the doctor prescribes antibiotics and performs antiseptic treatment of the suture area.

Activities for late rehabilitation

After the woman is discharged from the hospital, her recovery from the hysterectomy continues. The late stage of rehabilitation allows the body to fully recover. Must the following actions are carried out:

It is very important to organize proper nutrition after removal of the uterus. A woman should not “push” and strain her abdominal muscles, so it is recommended to reduce the load on the intestines, trying not to eat aggressive and difficult-to-digest foods. The diet should be such that a laxative effect occurs.

Diet after hysterectomy includes the following approved products:

crumbly porridge;
green tea;
vegetable oil;
fresh vegetables and fruits (except grapes and pomegranates);
mashed boiled vegetables;
low-fat fermented milk products;
boiled meat.

Diet after hysterectomy surgery prohibits the following dishes and products:

A diet after surgery should only be prescribed by a doctor.

Consequences

After extirpation of the uterus along with the ovaries, the location of many pelvic organs begins to change. Such a rearrangement in a negative way affects bowel and bladder health.

Consequences after removal of the uterus for the intestines and bladder:

constipation;
the appearance of hemorrhoids;
pain in the lower abdomen;
difficulty going to the toilet;
frequent urge to urinate without producing enough urine;
urinary incontinence;
problems with urine output that occur due to compression of the bladder.

After operation the patient may experience the development of vascular atherosclerosis, and a woman may gain excess weight. Lymphostasis of the extremities often develops during surgery. To prevent this from happening, the lymph nodes are removed during the removal of the uterus, ovaries and appendages. Amputation of the uterus and ovaries ends in premature menopause. The body begins to rebuild itself because a lack of estrogen leads to irreversible changes. Hot flashes appear very often.

Add a comment

After removal of a woman’s uterus, several rehabilitation periods can be distinguished. During the first days after surgery, therapy is aimed at preventing bleeding, blood clots and bacterial complications. Then, for one or two months, physical activity is limited, a special diet aimed at restoring the body, and physical therapy are prescribed. If a radical operation was performed to remove the appendages, replacement treatment with hormones is prescribed. The drugs are continued to be taken even a year after surgery, and in most cases they are taken for 5-10 years.

Early rehabilitation after uterine amputation

Removal of the uterus takes place in inpatient conditions using general anesthesia. From the operating room the patient is admitted to intensive care for some time, then transferred to a ward. Treatment after surgery is aimed at relieving pain, preventing bleeding and thrombosis, and infectious complications. Infusion therapy is also carried out, which helps relieve intoxication after anesthesia and replenish the volume of lost blood. Immediately after the intervention, it is advised to drink only water, then liquid broths, yogurt, and kefir are allowed. Later they switch to fractional reception food 5-6 times a day, in small portions. Products should not cause bloating, while providing all the body's nutritional needs.

Recovery after hysterectomy early period goes by pretty quickly. If the intervention was performed by laparoscopy, the patient is discharged home on the second or third day. After laparotomy, patients stay in the hospital for 5-10 days. Complications after amputation of the uterus in the first days may be as follows:

Bleeding
Inflammation and suppuration of sutures
Peritonitis
Pulmonary embolism
Vein thrombosis in the legs
Urinary disorders

To avoid these complications, adequate therapy must be used. To prevent bleeding and thrombosis, drugs that regulate blood clotting are prescribed. Infectious complications are prevented by prescribing antibiotics. To ensure that the consequences of removing the uterus and ovaries are not too pronounced, and rehabilitation is faster, it is advised to get out of bed early. After laparoscopic intervention - after 4-5 hours, after conventional surgery - after one day.

Removal of the uterus and recovery in the first months

The consequences of removal of the uterus and ovaries in the first months require adherence to a certain regimen and diet. The rehabilitation period lasts about four weeks after laparoscopy, and six weeks after laparotomy. During this time, the following complications may occur in a woman:

Pain in the lower abdomen
Prolapse of the vaginal walls
Urinary incontinence
Discharge after removal of the uterus from the vagina
Thrombophlebitis
Neurotic disorders

The consequences of removal of the uterus and ovaries in the first months often depend on the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant pathologies, the extent of the operation, and complications in the first days or weeks after the intervention. All patients are advised not to lift heavy objects (more than 3 kg) during this time and to limit physical activity. During the first four or six weeks, sex is prohibited after removal of the uterus; it is also not recommended to go to the pool or bathe for two months.

How to reduce negative consequences after surgery? What can be done besides following the above recommendations? Patients need to eat properly after surgery. To avoid anemia, you should eat red meats, apples, pomegranates, and take iron supplements. Food should be rich in vitamins and microelements. Everything must be included in the menu necessary for the body substances, proteins, fats, complex and simple carbohydrates. To prevent consequences such as constipation after removal of the uterus and ovaries, you should eat foods that contain fiber. It is advisable to exclude smoked products, baked goods, and sweets in the first weeks. You cannot drink alcohol or carbonated drinks.

How to care for the suture after surgery? When the uterus is removed, the suture may be large or small, depending on the surgical technique. If absorbable material was used to close the wound, the threads will fall off on their own after 6 weeks. IN otherwise the surgeon removes them in a hospital setting. In the first days, the postoperative wound should be treated with special antiseptics to avoid infection. Wash the seam carefully in the shower using regular soap. When the sutures are removed, the scar can be treated with a cream or gel that speeds up its resorption.

To prevent thrombophlebitis, you need to wear compression stockings. Physiotherapy is recommended during the rehabilitation period. Helps prevent the formation of adhesions physiotherapy. To avoid such consequences of removal of the uterus and ovaries as urinary incontinence, you need to do a set of Kegel exercises. They are aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles.

Long-term consequences after removal of the uterus and ovaries

Life after surgery for many women remains almost unchanged. But there are consequences and complications that appear in the long term. First of all, this is post-hysterectomy and post-variectomy syndrome. Both are associated with hormonal imbalances. The identification of hysterectomy as an operation with a risk of endocrine disruption occurred relatively recently. Previously, it was believed that preserved ovaries could function normally and would not lead to disruption of hormone synthesis. In fact, after removal of the uterus, the blood supply to the gonads is disrupted, which leads to their ischemia and partial necrosis. As a result, women experience hormonal imbalances.

Posthysterectomy syndrome may occur a year after surgery or a little earlier. Manifested by mood swings, hot flashes, tachycardia, arrhythmia. Some women experience chronic pelvic pain that is difficult to relieve with painkillers. Ultimately, this leads to asthenia and neurotic disorders. Treatment for these symptoms during hysterectomy should be comprehensive; we’ll talk about it below.

After removal of the uterine appendages, post-variectomy syndrome appears. It is associated primarily with the shutdown of the endocrine function of the ovaries. It always occurs, and much faster than post-hysterectomy. More pronounced after removal of both uterus and ovaries, along with the cervix. It is characterized by three groups of symptoms:

Neurovegetative. They develop after removal of the uterus and ovaries during the first two years. Manifested by dizziness, weakness, headache.
Psycho-emotional (irritability, nervousness, mood swings).
Metabolic disorders (decreased body tolerance to glucose, fluid retention in the body).

Removal of the uterus causes consequences for the body in the form of a number of diseases. Women may develop atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathies. Often, after a couple of years, patients are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, and osteoporosis. Removal of the uterus involves significant trauma to surrounding tissues. This leads to frequent formation of adhesions. Symptoms of adhesive disease are pain, flatulence, defecation and urination disorders.

Hormonal therapy after uterine amputation

After removal of the uterus, restoration is carried out with the help of hormones in cases where a woman has severe post-hysterectomy syndrome. After removal of the uterine appendages, it is indicated for all women of productive or premenopausal age. Hormone replacement therapy is carried out using estrogens and progestins. Natural estrogens are obtained from the urine of women carrying a child; they are included in drugs such as Premarin and Hormoplex. Synthetic hormones are analogues of estradiol and estriol. Partially modified estradiol esters are also used for HRT. Gestagens or progestins are used in combination with estrogens. They reduce the number of hormone-dependent estrogen receptors, which makes it possible to relieve the symptoms of early postoperative menopause and reduce the dose of estrogen.

Treatment for hysterectomy with hormones is short-term, medium-term and long-term. In the first case, hormones are prescribed for 2-3 years. This therapy is used mainly in older patients. If symptoms persist and there is a high risk of osteoporosis, diabetes, and heart disease, medications are continued for 3-8 years. Long-term treatment for removal of the uterus and appendages is indicated for young women. Its duration is about ten years.

Hormone replacement treatment is contraindicated after removal of the uterus and ovaries with serious illnesses liver, porphyria, tendency to increased thrombosis. It is also not performed for estrogen-dependent tumors of the uterus and mammary glands, both in the patient herself and in her closest relatives. Hormones should not be prescribed for melanoma or malignant kidney tumors. Relative contraindications to HRT are pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hypertension, edema syndrome, allergies, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and cerebral vascular pathology. Since removal of the uterus has serious consequences for the body, the decision about surgery is made individually, if it is impossible to carry out conservative therapy.

Start your path to happiness - right now!

Treatment of gynecological diseases is aimed at maximizing the health and reproductive functions of women. But in some cases it can only help complete removal organ: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus. After such a surgical intervention, the patient’s life changes dramatically. To avoid complications and restore the body faster, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the rehabilitation period.

Specifics of hysterectomy

Tumor in the uterus

Surgery to remove the uterus is called a hysterectomy. Such intervention is carried out as a last resort when other treatment methods have been ineffective or emergency assistance is necessary. Sometimes the uterine (fallopian) tubes and ovaries are cut out along with the organ (oophorectomy). Radical surgery is performed for the following diseases:

prolonged uterine bleeding in the presence of benign tumors, for example, fibroleiomyoma (combines the properties of muscle and connective tissue), endometriosis.
benign tumor during menopause;
prolapse, prolapse of an organ (with this pathology, the patient needs to wear tight-fitting panties to support the muscle tissue).

The operation is performed using different technologies, depending on the complexity of the lesion, the experience of doctors, and available equipment.

Types of hysterectomy

Vaginal (the organ is removed through the vagina without damaging the muscle layer abdominal cavity; it can be carried out only if certain conditions are met: small size of the organ, elastic walls of the vagina).
Abdominal wall or abdominal (intervention occurs through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall).
Laparoscopic (the doctor makes several small incisions from 5 to 10 mm and using special laparoscopic instruments, optical system, endoscopic equipment separates the uterus and removes it through the vagina; Thanks to this method, it is also possible to take a biopsy of the uterus - a tissue sample for laboratory research).
Supravaginal extirpation (removal of the organ while preserving the cervix).
Robotic (the intervention is carried out using laparoscopy technology, but with a three-dimensional image; the operating technique is difficult to learn, so this is not done in all countries and is rare).

Laparoscopic surgery

Surgical laparoscopy is one of the most progressive treatment methods. With its help, you can not only find out the cause of the disease, but also perform the necessary amount of interventions. Modern level The development of medicine makes it possible to perform about 95% of gynecological operations using this technology, including removal of cervical and ovarian cysts. In this case, the recovery period is much shorter compared to open interventions.

If an adhesive process or severe endometriosis is diagnosed in the small pelvis, laparoscopy of the fallopian tubes is prescribed to cut the adhesions and restore their patency. In case of ectopic pregnancy, this is a necessary intervention to save life. Surgeries on the fallopian tubes are divided into several types:

salpingo-ovariolysis (removal of adhesions to restore patency);
fimbryolysis (the surgeon separates the fimbriae - the villi at the ends of the tube that propel the fertilized egg into the uterus);
salpingoneostomy (creation of a new lumen of the fallopian tube);
salpingotomy (removal of an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the organ);
tubectomy (complete removal).

In many cases, such interventions save the patient’s life. They also require a recovery period and regular consultations with specialists.

After laparoscopy of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, postoperative antibiotic therapy, physiotherapy, and therapeutic exercises are required. Within a few hours after the intervention, the woman can get up.

Recovery after hysterectomy: principles of rehabilitation therapy

After removal of the uterus, a woman will not be able to bear or give birth to her child. If the fallopian tubes and ovaries were cut out, even assisted reproductive technologies will not help her. In addition, menstruation will disappear, the body will stop producing female hormones, and menopause will occur.

Before laparoscopic surgery, the patient feels fear of pain and consequences, but the next period does not always bring relief. In order for a woman not to consider herself inferior or devastated, in addition to the medical component, consultations with a psychologist must be included in the rehabilitation schedule.

Depending on the woman’s age, pathology, and condition of the ovaries, the operation is performed with their preservation or excised along with the uterus. Such intervention is carried out strictly according to indications. To correct hormonal levels, an endocrinologist will prescribe special treatment.

Almost all women in the postoperative period experience clinical symptoms posthysterectomy syndrome. It occurs in approximately 32-79% of patients. Depending on the stage, its signs can be early (starting on the 1st day) and late - a period from 1 month to a year after the intervention. Main symptoms - headache, insomnia, irritability, hot flashes, depression, weakness. Restorative therapy is aimed at eliminating them and restoring the body.

After the operation, daily hygiene is required; at the end of the day you need to wash yourself with weak herbal decoctions

During the first time after surgery, the woman will be given painkillers and electrophoresis to relieve pain. It is also necessary to follow a diet; the diet is expanded gradually. Its basis should be protein, easily digestible food. Stable work intestines without constipation and flatulence contribute to better tissue healing. As in the case of removal of the fallopian tubes, the patient is given antibiotics and vitamins. Postoperative underwear (pants) will make you feel more comfortable and support your muscles. After discharge home, the second stage of recovery begins.

Advice: spotting may appear in the first week after the intervention. To avoid discomfort, you should use pads and wash regularly boiled water, decoction of chamomile, sage.

Rehabilitation after hysterectomy includes:

therapeutic exercises (to avoid problems with urination and defecation, you need to do Kegel exercises, which strengthen the walls of the vagina, the pelvic floor muscles, and prevent the formation of adhesions in the tubes, but you cannot do fitness and running);
physiotherapy (electric sleep, low-frequency magnetic therapy, massage of limbs for swelling);
drug support (to avoid the development of specific diseases - atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus; after removal of the uterus, the patient must take preventive medications, hormones, if the ovaries are removed);
acupuncture (impact on active points on the human body contribute to the rapid recovery of the body).

If the operation was performed in the traditional way through an incision in the abdominal cavity, you can return to your previous life after 6-8 weeks, with laparoscopy - after 2-3. You cannot take a bath, lift heavy things, or have sex. When the stitches heal, they gradually return to their usual hobbies: fitness, going to the pool, running.

Advice: removal of uterine fibroids most often leads to loss of organ function. To maximize her chances of recovery, a woman should never ignore any changes in women’s health, and especially the appearance of tumors. Even tiny myomatous nodes identified during ultrasound should immediately become a therapeutic target. Waiting tactics will only worsen the situation and can lead to radical methods of surgical treatment - removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

During this period of life, it is important to pay attention to a woman’s mental health. The psychologist examines her condition using psychometric scales and special questionnaires. This will help avoid depression, increase self-esteem, and optimize your emotional state. If necessary, the specialist will prescribe sedatives. Medical and psychological measures and support from loved ones stabilize the mental state of a woman after radical surgery on the genital organs.

Extirpation of the uterus and fallopian tubes - surgical removal of an organ, is today in second place in the frequency of all surgical interventions performed in gynecology. Often she is the only way out from the current situation. The five-year survival rate for all stages of uterine cancer is 94% (for stage 1) and 79% (for stage 2). With the help of early diagnosis of gynecological pathologies and a high-quality rehabilitation period, it is possible not only to preserve the health and life of the patient, but also to restore her fullness to the maximum extent possible.

Attention! The information on the site is presented by specialists, but is for informational purposes only and cannot be used for independent treatment. Be sure to consult your doctor!

vseoperacii.com

Postoperative period after hysterectomy

The postoperative period after removal of the uterus is an important stage in a woman’s treatment, which is fraught with a number of complications and therefore requires a careful and professional approach.

Naturally, when a hysterectomy is performed, the consequences depend on the type of operation and many factors. You can watch videos about how hysterectomy is performed on the official websites of specialized clinics. In general, when a high-quality hysterectomy is performed, the consequences and reviews give no reason to doubt positive result. Even if a good clinic performs the most complex removal of the uterus for fibroids, the consequences and reviews allow us to make a very optimistic prognosis.

The essence of the emerging problem

Surgery to remove the uterus or hysterectomy is considered a fairly well-developed and widespread method of surgical treatment for some serious pathologies that threaten serious problems for women's health. World medicine statistics claim that almost 1/3 of all women after 40 years of age are forced to undergo such a procedure.

Any surgical intervention causes injury varying degrees severity associated with damage to various vessels and tissues. After surgery to remove the uterus, characteristic damage also remains, and for complete tissue restoration it is necessary certain time. The duration and scheme of rehabilitation measures depends on individual characteristics the female body, the severity of the disease, the type of operation and the degree of surgical intervention, aggravating circumstances and postoperative complications.

In order for the uterus to be removed, what indications are necessary? The following reasons are highlighted:

heavy and prolonged uterine bleeding;
myomatous nodes;
metroendometritis that cannot be treated;
oncological diseases;
endometriosis;
uterine prolapse.

Depending on the severity of the pathology, the following types of operations can be performed:

Types of operations

removal of the uterine body only (subtotal amputation);
removal of the uterus and cervix (total estirpation);
removal of the uterus with appendages and nearby lymph nodes (radical panhysterectomy).

The degree of traumatization depends not only on the type of operation, but also on the method of its implementation. The most radical is considered to be the abdominal technology associated with opening access by cutting the peritoneal wall. Another option is the vaginal method, where an incision is made in the vagina. Least dangerous way– removal of the uterus using the laparoscopic method, when a special laparoscope is used, which allows making a minimal incision. When a laparoscopic hysterectomy is performed, the consequences are less dangerous.

General principles of postoperative rehabilitation

The postoperative recovery period includes the entire time period from surgical intervention to full restoration of performance, including sex after removal of the uterus. As with any surgical treatment, complete postoperative rehabilitation is divided into 2 stages: early and late stage.

The early stage of recovery is carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of a doctor. The duration of this stage depends on what consequences after removal of the uterus occurred after surgery.

On average, with a successful abdominal operation, the early period is about 9-12 days, after which the sutures are removed and the patient is discharged from the hospital. Laparoscopic intervention reduces the time of early rehabilitation to 3.5-4 days. The main tasks of the early stage: eliminating bleeding, pain and other symptoms, eliminating infection of the affected area and dysfunction of internal organs, ensuring primary tissue scarring.

The early stage of recovery is carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of a doctor.

The late stage of rehabilitation is carried out at home as prescribed and in consultation with a doctor. In the case of surgical intervention without complications, this stage lasts on average 28-32 days, and in case of a complex operation it is extended to 42-46 days. At this stage, complete restoration of tissues, improvement of general condition and strengthening of the immune system, normalization of the psychological state, and complete restoration of performance are ensured.

What measures are taken immediately after surgery?

During the first 24 hours after removal of the uterus, all measures must be taken to exclude the occurrence of complications, blood loss from internal bleeding, the occurrence of inflammatory processes, the penetration of infections and the elimination of painful symptoms. This period is the most important early stage rehabilitation.

The main activities include the following impacts:

Anesthesia. After the operation, the woman feels natural pain in the lower abdomen, inside. Strong drugs are used for pain relief.
Activation of organ functions. Measures are being taken to normalize blood circulation and stimulate the intestines. If necessary, Proserpine is administered by injection to activate intestinal functions.
Providing diet. It is important to restore normal intestinal motility. The menu is dominated by broths, pureed foods, and drinks. If independent defecation occurs at the end of the first day, then the measures were carried out correctly.

Drug therapy immediately after surgery includes the following:

antibiotics to exclude infection (course – 5-8 days);
anticoagulants to prevent blood clots in blood vessels (administered over 2-3 days);
infusion influence through intravenous drips to normalize blood circulation and restore blood volume.

Infusion influence through intravenous drips to normalize blood circulation

Main problems during early rehabilitation

At the first stage of rehabilitation after removal of the uterus, the following complications may occur:

Inflammation of the site of tissue dissection. This phenomenon, when it occurs, is characterized by such signs as redness, swelling, and purulent exudate. Possible seam divergence.
Disruption of the urinary process. Main manifestations: pain and pain when urinating. A complication usually occurs when the mucous membrane of the urinary canal is damaged during surgery.
Internal and external bleeding. Their intensity depends on the correct performance of hemostasis during surgery. External blood discharge may have a scarlet or dark red, brown tint, and blood clots may be released.
Pulmonary embolism. One of the very dangerous complications that can cause a blood clot in an artery or its branches. The development of pathology can lead to pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension.
Peritonitis. If there are violations during the surgical procedure, damage is possible that can cause an inflammatory reaction in the peritoneum. The danger of peritonitis is the rapid spread to other internal organs and the development of sepsis.
Hematomas. In the area of scarring of damaged tissue, hematomas often occur due to damage to small blood vessels.
Pain syndrome. Often becomes the result of an adhesive process. For such pain, enzyme agents are administered: Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Longidaza, Lidaza, Ronidaza.
Fistula formation. This problem occurs when the sutures are of poor quality and infection occurs. Often it is necessary to perform additional surgery to remove the fistula.

An important early postoperative measure is to exclude infection during the first 1-3 days. The penetration of infection is indicated by an increase in temperature to 38.5 0C. To eliminate the risk of infection, antibiotics are administered and the suture area is treated with antiseptic. The first change of dressing and treatment of the wound is carried out the next day after exposure. Curiosin provides an antibacterial effect and accelerates the formation of scar tissue, so it is often used to treat sutures.

A support bandage helps weakened abdominal muscles in the postoperative period

Fighting peritonitis

When performing total and radical operations, especially in emergency situations, there is a high probability of developing peritonitis. This pathology is expressed by the following obvious symptoms:

a sharp deterioration in general health;
temperature rise to 40.5 0C;
intense pain;
peritoneal irritation.

Treatment includes the active administration of several types of antibiotics. Saline solutions are introduced. If the effectiveness of therapy is low, a repeat operation is performed to remove the uterine stump, and the abdominal cavity is washed with antiseptic drugs and a drainage system is installed.

What should be done during late rehabilitation

After discharge from the clinic, a woman should not stop restorative procedures. Late-stage rehabilitation helps the body fully recover after surgery. The following activities are recommended:

Wearing a bandage. A supportive corset helps weakened abdominal muscles during the postoperative period. When choosing a bandage, you should adhere to the condition that its width exceeds the length of the wound scar by 12-15 mm from below and from above.
Exclusion of lifting loads over 2.5 kg and limitation physical activity. Sexual contact should be avoided for 1.5-2 months after surgery.
Gymnastic exercises and exercise therapy. Kegel exercises are recommended to strengthen the muscles of the vagina and pelvic floor using a special exercise machine called the perineal trainer. Serious sports activities are possible only after 2.5 months after surgery.
Saunas, steam baths and hot baths are prohibited for the entire period of late rehabilitation. Swimming in open waters should be significantly limited.
Organization proper nutrition. Gentle diet - important element recovery stage. Dietary measures should be taken to prevent constipation and flatulence. It is recommended to include fiber and liquids (vegetables, fruits, coarse bread) in the menu. Alcoholic drinks and strong coffee should be excluded. It is necessary to increase the intake of vitamins.

Dietary measures should be taken to prevent constipation and flatulence

What you should be prepared for

Removal of the uterus leads to a number of inevitable consequences, for which you should be psychologically prepared. As a rule, after such an operation, premature menopause occurs. Since most often when the uterus is removed, the appendages also suffer, incl. ovaries, then menopause occurs immediately after surgical treatment. This artificial menopause stops the functioning of the menstrual cycle. However, you should not worry about your sexual performance. After removal of the uterus, sexual intercourse is allowed 2-3 months after the operation. Naturally, when the uterus is lost, reproductive abilities are also lost. Due to the removal of the cavity for fetal development, pregnancy is impossible.

Removal of the uterus is performed only when absolutely necessary, especially in women of reproductive age. Modern technology Such surgical treatment has been sufficiently developed, and numerous reviews indicate a positive prognosis for the complete recovery of the body after surgery. To do this, it is important to follow all the necessary measures of early and late rehabilitation.

antirodinka.ru

Life after removal of the uterus and ovaries: consequences and rehabilitation

Uterus and appendages

Carrying out such a serious gynecological operation as a hysterectomy has a significant impact on the health and hormonal levels of a woman, and in order to avoid the negative consequences associated with this, proper rehabilitation after removal of the uterus and ovaries is simply necessary. Hysterectomy is more often used to treat women over 40 years of age, since it leads to the loss of the opportunity to have children and is more difficult for younger patients to tolerate, both physically and psychologically.

Each woman makes her own decision whether to have surgery or not. But even in the case when we're talking about about saving a life, and surgical intervention is inevitable, its impact on the body can be minimized. Awareness about possible consequences, careful attention to your health and compliance with doctor’s recommendations will allow you to avoid many complications and continue to lead your previous lifestyle.

Postoperative period

Removal of the uterus and ovaries

The time from the operation to the restoration of normal well-being and ability to work is called the postoperative period. After a hysterectomy, during this period of time it is recommended:

wear a compression bandage for at least two weeks after surgery;
Avoid lifting weights weighing more than 3 kg;
refrain from taking a bath (replace with a shower), sexual intercourse and intense physical activity for 6 weeks.

To ensure a speedy recovery after surgery, you should start motor activity. These can be simple gymnastic exercises, agreed with your doctor. It is also necessary to follow a diet: excluding from the diet sweets, smoked foods, flour products, alcoholic beverages and other foods that irritate the mucous membranes.

The impact of hysterectomy on later life

Life after removal of the uterus and ovaries inevitably undergoes a number of changes. They affect both physiological and psycho-emotional states.

The operation cannot but affect the psycho-emotional state of a woman

Consequences of the operation

Most often the operation is well tolerated

In most cases, after removal of the uterus and ovaries, patients do not experience any special health problems. But they are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. It is also possible that you may experience discomfort during sexual intercourse and a decrease in desire.

In addition, women who have had a total hysterectomy often experience anxiety, irritability, fatigue, and signs of depression. Due to loss of reproductive function, a feeling may develop own inferiority and loss of attractiveness. In such a situation, a woman needs the help of a psychologist and, of course, the support of loved ones, because successful rehabilitation after removal of the uterus and ovaries largely depends on the emotional mood.

The main cause of the above conditions is a lack of hormones, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) helps to successfully cope with the problems.

Possible complications

Adhesions are also a complication of hysterectomy.

Most complications of this operation are related to its physiological consequences. In the postoperative period, the following may occur:

pain caused by poor scar healing or the formation of adhesions;
severe bleeding;
vein thrombosis;
inflammation of the postoperative suture.

In order not to miss the onset of the development of undesirable consequences of hysterectomy, you should carefully monitor your condition. Although in the first time after surgery (up to 2 months) spotting after removal of the uterus and ovaries is normal, a change in their color to a scarlet color and the appearance of severe abdominal pain are a very alarming symptom. This indicates bleeding and requires urgent medical attention. You should also be wary if the discharge has a strong, unpleasant odor: this may be a sign of inflammation.

Another possible complication arises from the fact that during a total hysterectomy, the ligaments that support the organ are excised. This leads to displacement of the intestines and bladder, which may result in difficulties with bowel movements and urination. To solve and prevent this problem, women who have had the uterus and appendages removed are recommended to perform Kegel exercises to maintain the tone of the pelvic floor muscles.

It is necessary to keep yourself in good physical shape, within reason.

Restoring and maintaining health

Rehabilitation after hysterectomy should be worn complex nature. To prevent unwanted consequences and improve a woman’s well-being, the following medication support is provided:

mandatory HRT after removal of the uterus and ovaries, which helps prevent premature menopause;
hypocholesterolemic drugs that reduce the risk of atherosclerosis;
prescribing antihypertensive drugs if necessary.

The support of loved ones plays a huge role

The patient herself should also follow a number of recommendations:

Begin sexual activity only after the period prescribed by the doctor has expired. Usually it is 6-8 weeks.
Strengthen your pelvic muscles by doing Kegel exercises.
Monitor blood pressure readings and take blood biochemistry tests.
Be regularly examined by a gynecologist, especially if the operation was caused by cancer, since the risk of relapse in this case remains.
Follow a diet to prevent weight gain excess weight. It is recommended to exclude fried and spicy foods, as well as flour products, from the diet, giving preference to fermented milk products, fruits and vegetables.
Move more, stay in good physical shape by driving active image life and doing non-traumatic sports.

Operation option

Although a hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure with consequences, it is sometimes a life-saving procedure. If you are scheduled for such an operation, do not despair and panic. Timely therapy, competent rehabilitation after removal of the uterus and ovaries and compliance with the doctor’s instructions can minimize possible complications, and the quality of life only improves after the problem is eliminated.

Here's how this operation can be performed (video):

dr911.ru

Recovery after hysterectomy

Hysterectomy, or removal of the uterus, is one of the most common gynecological procedures. Despite the fact that most specialists try to resort to this method of treatment only in extreme cases, the operation is quite common, especially among women 40-50 years old.

The main indications for hysterectomy surgery are:

malignant tumors;
prolapse, displacement or prolapse of internal organs;
chronic pain;
endometriosis;
breakthrough bleeding;
rapidly developing uterine fibroids.

Methods of performing the operation can be:

open or abdominal - in which the uterus or other organs are removed through an incision on the surface of the abdomen;
vaginal - in which resection and removal of the uterus is carried out through a cut in the vagina;
laparoscopic - when resection and examination are carried out through small punctures on the surface of the abdomen, and the uterus is removed through the vagina or a small incision in the lower part of the peritoneum.

Rehabilitation

The overall recovery period from the surgery is approximately 1–2 months. In the early postoperative period, the main complaints of patients are: pain, difficulty urinating and bleeding. As a rule, after 1–2 days, acute symptoms subside, and the woman can gradually return to her normal routine. to the usual way life.

The recovery period and the presence of certain complications largely depend on the method by which the operation was performed.

Recovery after laparoscopy

This method of removing the uterus is considered the most gentle and requires only a few days to recover from it. Due to the absence of an extensive incision on the surface of the peritoneum, there are much fewer complications, the main of which is pain.

Pain during recovery is noted at the puncture sites and in the lower abdomen. In the first days such painful sensations significantly intensified with every movement. During the recovery period, strong painkillers are prescribed to reduce pain. After discharge, these complications do not require any special therapy and go away on their own.

Often, during the recovery period after laparoscopic surgery, patients complain of nausea, weakness and bloating. All these signs can be a consequence of the use of anesthesia and also do not require treatment. To reduce flatulence and bloating on the first day after surgery, it is recommended to use simethicone-based products.

Sutures are removed after laparoscopy on days 10–14. Healing of small punctures occurs quite quickly and no complications are observed. For several months, small scars of a bright purple color are noted at the site of the sutures. There is also no need to worry about this, since after some time the puncture sites heal and become completely invisible.

Abdominal hysterectomy

Open abdominal surgery is the most difficult method of removing the uterus, and the number of complications after it is quite high.

In the early period of recovery after the procedure, when the patient is being monitored in an inpatient setting, the main care tasks become:

eliminate severe pain after open hysterectomy surgery;
improve bowel function during recovery;
provide the patient with a balanced diet with sufficient iron content;
the incision site should be treated daily with special antibacterial solutions;
together with painkillers, antibiotics and drugs for general strengthening of the body may be prescribed;
preventing the formation of blood clots - for this, it is recommended to begin physical activity in the first postoperative days.

To prevent blood clots in the lower extremities, the patient should wear specialized compression garments for the first time after surgery.

During the rehabilitation period, an integrated approach to restoring health is required. In addition to the mandatory drug treatment, the patient is advised to adhere to a special diet.

Diet after hysterectomy

In the first hours after the operation, eating is prohibited. Only drinking is allowed mineral water without gas in small quantities.

Starting from the second half of the day, meals should consist of easily digestible liquid foods, for example: broths, kefir and low-fat yogurt. It is not recommended to refuse food, since you need to improve your intestinal function as quickly as possible.

IN next days recovery after surgery to remove the uterus, the menu is allowed to include: lean meats and fish, steamed, rice, and some vegetables.

In the future, you are allowed to gradually return to your usual diet, but you should remember that it is better to refuse fried, salty, fatty and smoked foods and replace them with healthy, fortified foods high in iron.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

Despite the fact that the recovery period for each woman is different, and the severity and severity of complications is strictly individual, there are a number of signs that should be detected immediately by a specialist. These include:

severe swelling, pain, redness or suppuration in the suture area;
bleeding in the scar area;
rise in body temperature above 38 degrees;
dizziness, loss of consciousness;
problems with urination (severe pain or complete cessation of urine output);
the appearance of severe nausea and vomiting;
severe abdominal pain that is not relieved by standard painkillers.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Physiotherapeutic measures are prescribed in the late recovery period after removal and may include the following procedures:

physiotherapy;
therapeutic massage course;
acupuncture;
radon baths;
balneotherapy.

Despite the fact that a hysterectomy is a fairly complex operation, disability after it is extremely rarely prescribed, and a woman, after a recovery period, usually has no disabilities.

Disability after surgery to remove the uterus can be assigned only if the treatment of malignant tumors is unsuccessful or if severe complications are detected that cannot be completely eliminated.

You can undergo an examination and receive a result on the assignment of disabled status in the hospital where the hysterectomy was performed.

Return to sexual activity

It is allowed to resume sexual activity no earlier than 2 months after recovery. Even if the patient is in good health and there are no complications, returning to sexual activity at an earlier date is not recommended. This period of abstinence is necessary so that the internal stitches are healed and all existing wounds have time to heal.

According to experts, in terms of sensations, the woman will not feel any significant changes and will be able to fully enjoy her sex life, as before.

Consequences of removal of the ovaries and uterus

Recovery after removal of the uterus and ovaries requires more long period, since the operation itself causes a more noticeable blow to the woman’s body. This is due to the complete cessation of the production of female sex hormones.

Artificially induced menopause is most difficult for women of childbearing age to endure. In addition to standard complications after removal of the uterus and ovaries, they have to endure severe hormonal imbalances and psychological discomfort.

Often during the recovery period, patients begin to feel:

strong fears;
depression;
hot flashes associated with menopause;
deterioration of the skin, nails and hair;
mental instability;
deterioration of sleep.

This condition is also dangerous because when hormone production stops, the risk of developing osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases increases significantly.

To prevent this kind of complications, the woman is prescribed hormonal replacement therapy. Antidepressants and tranquilizers prescribed by a specialist help relieve psychological discomfort during the recovery period.

ginekola.ru

2018 Blog about women's health.

Any operation in which an organ of the body is removed entails a change in the previously habitual life. Amputation of the uterus in women deprives them, one might say, of their gender characteristics, so the period after surgery to remove the uterus has many of its own characteristics and difficulties. It’s not for nothing that doctors recommend surgical intervention in such cases, when the situation is completely hopeless and the problem cannot be solved in other ways.

Recovery period after hysterectomy surgery

The recovery stage is conventionally divided into two types: recovery in a hospital and at home.

Hospital recovery stage

The time spent within the walls of the medical institution depends on the method used for the operation, but on average the stage does not last more than 10 days. It is most important to follow the following recommendations in the first 2-3 days after the intervention:

to avoid blood stagnation, you should get out of bed, but only after the approval of a doctor who knows the patient’s condition;
the diet these days consists of broths and pureed vegetables, and weak tea as a drink;
pain, which, unfortunately, is inevitable, is relieved with medications prescribed by the doctor;
have a positive attitude, because discharge is coming soon, and don’t be discouraged.

Recovering at home after hysterectomy surgery

Rehabilitation at home during open surgery may take 2 months, but following all the rules during this period will help you return to normal life in the future. So, follow these guidelines:

wear a bandage to provide support for the muscles in the lower abdomen; it is especially important to use a corset for mothers with many children;
do not carry heavy loads, the acceptable weight of the load during this period is up to 3 kilograms, and this has its advantages, let your man accompany you in the store and help you carry your purchases;
delay sex for 6 weeks after surgery;
For one and a half months, forget about sunbathing, saunas, baths and swimming in ponds.

Psychological state after hysterectomy surgery

There is no escape from the feeling of inferiority at first, but the main thing is to accept the support of your family and not shut yourself down in your problems. Life is not over - it continues, but it is psychologically difficult to tune in to the positive. The fact is that during the first 2 months the body also adapts to the loss of so much important body, and it is not strange that during this period women experience conditions such as nightmares, insomnia, and depression.

It is easier for patients to undergo surgery in old age, because childbearing functions are often already completed. Young girls feel inferior, so to improve psycho-emotional state The support of the stronger sex is important.

Hysterectomy is not only a complex surgical procedure, but also a procedure that changes the patient’s life. In order to live fully further, it is important to behave correctly during the rehabilitation period - do not carry heavy objects, wear a corset, prevent negative psychological mood etc.

Intimate life after hysterectomy surgery

2 months after the hysterectomy procedure, if there are no complications, you can return to sexual activity. Women's fears that sexual desire has gone along with the uterus have no basis. After all, the most sensitive cells are located at the entrance to the genital organ, so the operation does not affect sensations during sex.

Some patients share that their sex life has become even brighter for them and for their partners, because there is no need to use protection. Doctors do not rule out some painful sensations at first, since sometimes a scar forms on the vagina.

Sports after hysterectomy surgery

Another misconception is that a woman should not be active if she has had her uterus removed. Yes, heavy sports will be closed to her, but modern fitness clubs offer a huge number of light activities for women of different ages.

Doctors advise starting sports 3 months after the procedure. The most common types of exercises are Pilates and bodyflex; the benefits of yoga in this case are also great. Don’t forget that during classes you not only strengthen your body, but also get positive emotions, which is no less important. If you don’t want to go to the gym, then buy a fitball for yourself; you can use it to do various exercises.

Complications after hysterectomy surgery

If the recovery period was carried out in compliance with all the rules and recommendations of doctors, then complications can be avoided. But sometimes neglecting the advice of doctors and one’s health leads to the following complications:

constipation;
formation of adhesions;
haemorrhoids;
blood clot formation;
urinary incontinence.

There is a complex special exercises Kegels, the purpose of which is to eliminate complications and strengthen the vaginal muscles. To perform them, no special training or special equipment is required, the main thing is your time and desire to perform the exercises. Find out how massage of acupuncture points on the body overcomes diseases, read useful information on this topic.

After the procedure, there is no need to give up on yourself; a woman can have a full sex life, play sports, be active and carefree. A positive attitude and following doctors’ recommendations will protect you from unpleasant complications of the operation.

If your doctor has prescribed uterine amputation for you, then it is too early to despair and be angry with the whole world, because every day hundreds of women all over the world undergo similar procedures, and their lives do not end there. Life after hysterectomy surgery has its own characteristics, you can’t argue with that, but they are not so significant and noticeable. The main thing is to go through the rehabilitation period correctly, and over time you can return to your favorite everyday activities. Play sports, go for walks, surround your loved ones with care, and they will appreciate it, because being a woman is God’s gift, not gender differences.

Treatment of gynecological diseases is aimed at maximizing the health and reproductive functions of women. But in some cases, only complete removal of an organ can help: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus. After such a surgical intervention, the patient’s life changes dramatically. To avoid complications and restore the body faster, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the rehabilitation period.

Specifics of hysterectomy

prolonged uterine bleeding in the presence of benign tumors, for example, fibroleiomyoma (combines the properties of muscle and connective tissue), endometriosis.
benign tumor during menopause;
prolapse, prolapse of an organ (with this pathology, the patient needs to wear tight-fitting panties to support the muscle tissue).

The operation is performed using different technologies, depending on the complexity of the lesion, the experience of doctors, and available equipment.

Types of hysterectomy

Vaginal (the organ is removed through the vagina without damaging the muscle layer of the abdominal cavity; it can be performed only if certain conditions are met: small size of the organ, elastic vaginal walls).
Abdominal wall or abdominal (intervention occurs through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall).
Laparoscopic (the doctor makes several small incisions from 5 to 10 mm and, using special laparoscopic instruments, an optical system, and endoscopic equipment, separates the uterus and removes it through the vagina; thanks to this method, it is also possible to take a biopsy of the uterus - a tissue sample for laboratory testing).
Supravaginal extirpation (removal of the organ while preserving the cervix).
Robotic (the intervention is carried out using laparoscopy technology, but with a three-dimensional image; the operating technique is difficult to learn, so this is not done in all countries and is rare).

Surgical laparoscopy is one of the most progressive treatment methods. With its help, you can not only find out the cause of the disease, but also perform the necessary amount of interventions. The current level of development of medicine makes it possible to perform about 95% of gynecological operations using this technology, including ovarian operations. In this case, the recovery period is much shorter compared to open interventions.

If an adhesive process or severe endometriosis is diagnosed in the pelvis, (fallopian) tubes are prescribed to cut the adhesions and restore their patency. In case of ectopic pregnancy, this is a necessary intervention to save life. Surgeries on the fallopian tubes are divided into several types:

salpingo-ovariolysis (removal of adhesions to restore patency);
fimbryolysis (the surgeon separates the fimbriae - the villi at the ends of the tube that propel the fertilized egg into the uterus);
salpingoneostomy (creation of a new lumen of the fallopian tube);
salpingotomy (removal of an ectopic pregnancy while preserving the organ);
tubectomy (complete removal).

In many cases, such interventions save the patient’s life. They also require a recovery period and regular consultations with specialists.

Recovery after hysterectomy: principles of rehabilitation therapy

Almost all women in the postoperative period exhibit clinical symptoms of posthysterectomy syndrome. It occurs in approximately 32-79% of patients. Depending on the stage, its signs can be early (starting on the 1st day) and late - a period from 1 month to a year after the intervention. The main symptoms are headache, insomnia, irritability, hot flashes, depression, weakness. Restorative therapy is aimed at eliminating them and restoring the body.

During the first time after surgery, the woman will be given painkillers and electrophoresis to relieve pain. It is also necessary to follow a diet; the diet is expanded gradually. Its basis should be protein, easily digestible food. Stable intestinal function without constipation and flatulence contributes to better tissue healing. As in the case of removal of the fallopian tubes, the patient is given antibiotics and vitamins. Postoperative underwear (pants) will make you feel more comfortable and support your muscles. After discharge home, the second stage of recovery begins.

Advice: In the first week after the intervention, spotting may appear. To avoid discomfort, you should use pads and regularly wash with boiled water, chamomile, and sage decoction.

Rehabilitation after hysterectomy includes:

therapeutic exercises (to avoid problems with urination and defecation, you need to do Kegel exercises, which strengthen the walls of the vagina, the pelvic floor muscles, and prevent the formation of adhesions in the tubes, but you cannot do fitness and running);
physiotherapy (electric sleep, low-frequency magnetic therapy, massage of limbs for swelling);
drug support (to avoid the development of specific diseases - atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus; after removal of the uterus, the patient must take preventive medications, hormones, if the ovaries are removed);
acupuncture (impact on active points on the human body contributes to the rapid recovery of the body).

Attention! The information on the site is presented by specialists, but is for informational purposes only and cannot be used for independent treatment. Be sure to consult your doctor!